1/17/2020
On‐Farm Cabbage Herbicide Trial Results
Featuring Control of Lamb’s quarters
Christy Hoepting, CCE Cornell Vegetable Program
Cabbage Session at Empire Producer’s Expo
Syracuse, NY: January 15, 2020
Acknowledgements
Funding:
• Cabbage and Research
Development Program (CRDP)
Grower Cooperator:
• Dave Sr. & Jr. Leverenz, Hamlin,
NY (Monroe Co.)
CVP Technicians:
• Emma van der Heide
• Sarah Vande Brake
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Introduction:
Cabbage PRE‐Emergent Herbicide Roster, NY
WSSA Active Application POST Emergent
Product and Rate/A
Group Ingredient Timing Activity
3 Treflan 1‐2 pt trifluralin PPI NO
• PRE‐transplant; or
15 Dual Magnum 0.5‐1.3 pt* S‐metolachlor • Up to 48 h post‐ NO
(NY‐Special Local Needs) transplant
Goal 2XL 1‐2 pt
14 oxyfluorfen PRE‐transplant YES
Goaltender 0.5‐1.0 pt**
15 Devrinol 50‐DF/XT 2 lb napropamide PPI NO
13 Command 6.67‐1.3 pt clomazone PRE‐transplant NO
Directed spray 1‐3
3 Prowl H2O 1.0‐2.1 pt pendimethalin days post‐transplant
NO
*Dual Magnum may not be used with Goal
**Goaltender 4‐6 fl oz labeled (NY‐SLN) for POST‐emergent weed control
Timing: Min: 2 weeks post‐transplanting, PHI: 35 days
Introduction:
Experimental Cabbage PRE‐Emergent Herbicides
WSSA Active Application POST Emergent
Product and Rate/A
Group Ingredient Timing Activity
Labeled as directed
14 Chateau 1 oz flumioxazin row middle spray in YES
the south
Labeled on processing
14 Spartan 4‐6 fl oz sulfentrazone cabbage in Michigan
YES
Chateau: Spartan:
• Excellent on pigweed, some species of • Should improve control of grasses,
mustards. nightshade and pigweed.
• High rate of adoption in muck onion production • In 2017 trial (Telenko & Hoepting), Spartan
• In 2017 trial, Chateau 1 oz controlled ragweed was as good as Goaltender for control of
better than Goaltender 8 fl oz. ragweed.
• In 2016 trial, Chateau 1 and 2 oz was safe on
cabbage.
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2017 Trial Results (Telenko & Hoepting):
% Ragweed Control JULY 11, 2017
19% 93%
NOTE:
Cabbage injury was not
evaluated in this trial Treflan PPI 2 pt PPI
Treflan 2 lb PPI
due to 11 inches of rain + Chateau 1 oz POSTTR
in 2 weeks.
‐ Ignore cabbage in
these photos.
55% 92%
Treflan 2 pt PPI Treflan 2 pt PPI
+ Goaltender 8 fl oz POSTTR + Chateau 2 oz POSTTR
2017 Trial Results (Telenko & Hoepting):
% Ragweed Control JULY 11, 2017
Devrinol DF‐XT 2 lb PPI Dual Magnum 1 pt Prowl H2O 2.1 pt POSTTR
Devrinol DF‐XT 2 lb PPI Dual Magnum 1 pt Prowl H2O 2.1 pt
+ Goaltender 8 fl oz POSTTR + Goaltender 8 fl oz POSTTR + Goaltender 8 fl oz POSTTR
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Objectives
1. To compare weed control and crop safety of Devrinol DF‐XT and
Prowl H2O to industry standards, Dual Magnum and Treflan.
2. To compare PPO inhibitors, Goaltender, Spartan and Chateau in
programs with these herbicides for crop safety and improved weed
control.
3. To explore late herbicide applications for extended residual weed
control and crop safety.
On‐Farm Herbicide Trial, 2019: Treatments
PPI POST Transplant POST‐transplant treatments:
2 hours after planting
Trifluralin 4EC 1 pt
• Trefluralin
Devrinol 2‐XT 4 pt • Devrinol
Dual Magnum 1 pt 14 hours after planting
• All others
Prowl H2O 2 pt
In combination with:
Goaltender 8 fl oz Plug transplants
Chateau 1 oz
Spartan 6 fl oz
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On‐Farm Herbicide Trial, 2019: Treatments
Treatment Timing
Untreated Control
32 DAP (Jul 17)
Hand Weeded
74 DAP (Aug 31)
On‐Farm Herbicide Trial, 2019
• Hamlin, NY, Dave Sr. and Jr. Leverenz
• c.v. Kaitlin
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On‐Farm Herbicide Trial, 2019
• Stony Hilton loam
• Planting date & trial set‐up: Jun 18
• Fb. 0.5” rain (activate herbicides), 80 ⁰F
• CO2 back pack sprayer
• 40 gpa
• 8005 flat fan nozzles
• 30‐33 psi
• Cultivated ~ 2 and ~ 4 weeks after planting.
• No hand weeding, weeds intact until harvest.
• Main weed species: Lamb’s quarters and Fall panicum
On‐Farm Herbicide Trial, 2019
• Main weed species: Lamb’s quarters and Fall panicum
Panicum seed contamination
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Results: Weed Control 32 DAT (Jul 17)
% Control of Lamb’s quarters (LQ) 32 DAT (Jul 17)
Plus: Plus: Plus:
Alone Goaltender 8 fl oz Spartan 6 fl oz Chateau 1 oz
Trifluralin 4EC 1 pt 54.4 bc 96.4 a 100 a 96.7 a
Devrinol 2‐XT 4 pt 11.4 d 94.0 a 100 a 87.4 a
Dual Magnum 1 pt 52.5 c 97.5 a 98.8 a 98.0 a
Prowl H2O 2 pt 83.8 ab 93.5 a 99.5 a 98.8 a
> 90% Control < 50% control
Results: Weed Control 32 DAT (Jul 17)
Trifluralin 1 pt Devrinol 2XT
4 pt
POOR
FAIL
Untreated
Control
Dual Magnum
Prowl H2O 2 pt
1 pt
POOR BEST!
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Results: Weed Control 32 DAT (Jul 17)
Trifluralin 1 pt Prowl H2O 2 pt Trifluralin 1 pt Prowl H2O 2 pt Trifluralin 1 pt Prowl H2O 2 pt
+ Goaltender 8 fl oz + Goaltender 8 fl oz + Spartan 6 fl oz + Spartan 6 fl oz + Chateau 1 oz + Chateau 1 oz
Dual Magnum 1 pt Devrinol 2XT 4 pt Dual Magnum 1 pt Devrinol 2XT 4 pt Dual Magnum 1 pt Devrinol 2XT 4 pt
+ Goaltender 8 fl oz + Goaltender 8 fl oz + Spartan 6 fl oz + Spartan 6 fl oz + Chateau 1 oz + Chateau 1 oz
Results: Weed Control 32 DAT (Jul 17)
% Control of Grass (LQ) 32 DAT (Jul 17)
Plus: Plus: Plus:
Alone Goaltender 8 fl oz Spartan 6 fl oz Chateau 1 oz
Trifluralin 4EC 1 pt ‐‐ 99.4 a 97.9 a 92.2 ab
Devrinol 2‐XT 4 pt 26.9 bc 100 a 98.9 a ‐‐
Dual Magnum 1 pt 98.1 a 100 a 95.0 a 99.9 a
Prowl H2O 2 pt 73.8 ab 90.3 a 96.3 a 85.7 ab
> 90% Control < 50% control
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Results: Weed Control 32 DAT (Jul 17)
Prowl H2O 2 pt
+ Chateau 1 oz
Results: Weed Control at Harvest (Sep 20)
Total No. weeds/ plot (mostly LQ)
Total No. Weeds/ 50 ft2 at Harvest (Sep 20)
160
A Each of:
139 • Trifluralin
140
• Devrinol 2‐XT
Worst • Dual Magnum
120
LQ • Prowl H2O
Best + Each of:
100 AB LQ • Goaltender 8 fl oz
83 66% control • Spartan 6 fl oz
Best
80 54%
Grass • Chateau 1 oz
control 136 Worst
96% control
60 Grass
BC
BC
Resulted in:
93% 38 BC • 40‐96% grass control
40 34
74.5 control 31 • 94‐99% broad control
C
• 90 to 98% overall weed
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35.3 34 control.
6 25
• No significant
0 4.3
Untreated Handweeded Trifluralin 4EC 1 pt Devrinol 2‐XT 4 pt Dual Magnum 1 pt Prowl H2O 2 pt
differences.
Broadleaves (mostly LQ) Grass
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Cabbage Herbicide Trial: August 31, 2019
Cabbage Herbicide Trial at Harvest (Sep 20)
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Results: Weed Control at Harvest (Sep 20)
Untreated Trifluralin 1 pt Devrinol 2XT
Control 4 pt
Hand‐ Dual Magnum
Prowl H2O 2 pt
Weeded 1 pt
Results: Weed Control at Harvest (Sep 20)
90%
98% 96% 40% grass
Trifluralin 1 pt Prowl H2O 2 pt Trifluralin 1 pt Prowl H2O 2 pt Trifluralin 1 pt Prowl H2O 2 pt
+ Goaltender 8 fl oz + Goaltender 8 fl oz + Spartan 6 fl oz + Spartan 6 fl oz + Chateau 1 oz + Chateau 1 oz
97% 98%
Dual Magnum 1 pt Devrinol 2XT 4 pt Dual Magnum 1 pt Devrinol 2XT 4 pt Dual Magnum 1 pt Devrinol 2XT 4 pt
+ Goaltender 8 fl oz+ Goaltender 8 fl oz + Spartan 6 fl oz + Spartan 6 fl oz + Chateau 1 oz + Chateau 1 oz
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Results: Visual Cabbage Injury (%)
11 and 32 days after planting & treatments
• Single actives resulted in < 10% • Dual Magnum + Chateau killed
injury (acceptable). cabbage plants (unacceptable).
• Generally, Goaltender combos • Chateau safe with Trifluralin,
resulted in most crop injury. Devrinol and Prowl H2O.
• With WSSA 15 (Dual Magnum & • Prowl H2O + Spartan was the
Devrinol) resulting in greater safest!
injury than WSSA 3 (Trilfluralin,
Prowl H2O.
+ Goaltender + Spartan + Chateau
Results: Visual Cabbage Injury (%)
11 days after planting treatments
Necrosis
‐ Chateau
Healthy ‐ Untreated
Necrotic Flecking
‐ Goaltender
Dead
Dual
Magnum
+ Chateau
Stunted ‐ Trilfluralin
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Results: Visual Cabbage Injury (%)
32 days after planting treatments (Jul 17)
Untreated Devrinol 2XT Trifluralin 1 pt
Control 4 pt
Hand‐ Dual Magnum
Weeded Prowl H2O 2 pt
1 pt
Results: Visual Cabbage Injury (%)
32 days after planting treatments (Jul 17)
With Goaltender: Prowl H2O is the safest
Trifluralin 1 pt Devrinol 2XT 4 pt Dual Magnum 1 pt Prowl H2O 2 pt
+ Goaltender 8 fl oz + Goaltender 8 fl oz + Goaltender 8 fl oz + Goaltender 8 fl oz
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Results: Visual Cabbage Injury (%)
32 days after planting treatments (Jul 17)
Prowl H2O + Spartan safest combo in trial
Trifluralin 1 pt Devrinol 2XT 4 pt Dual Magnum 1 pt Prowl H2O 2 pt
+ Spartan 6 fl oz + Spartan 6 fl oz + Spartan 6 fl oz + Spartan 6 fl oz
Results: Visual Cabbage Injury (%)
32 days after planting treatments (Jul 17)
Dual Magnum + Chateau unacceptable crop injury
Trifluralin 1 pt Devrinol 2XT 4 pt Dual Magnum 1 pt Prowl H2O 2 pt
+ Chateau 1 oz + Chateau 1 oz + Chateau 1 oz + Chateau 1 oz
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Results: Average Head Weight (lb)
at Harvest 94 DAP (Sep 20)
Alone Trifluralin 4EC 2 pt
Devrinol 2‐XT 4 pt
Dual Magnum 1 pt
Prowl H2O 2 pt
Not all reps produced
marketable heads due to
weed competition/injury.
Data from salvageable
plots.
Top 3:
Prowl H2O + Spartan
Devrinol
Trifluralin + Spartan
Prowl H2O + Chateau
Results: Average Head Weight (lb)
at Harvest 94 DAP (Sep 20)‐ Controls
1
Untreated Hand weeded
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Results: Average Head Weight (lb)
at Harvest 94 DAP (Sep 20) ‐ Alone
Trifluralin 1 pt Devrinol 2‐XT 4 pt Dual Magnum 1 pt
Results: Average Head Weight (lb)
at Harvest 94 DAP (Sep 20)‐ Prowl H2O Alone
1
Pigweed
escapes
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Results: Average Head Weight (lb)
at Harvest 94 DAP (Sep 20)‐ Top 3
1 2 3
Prowl H2O 2 pt Trifluralin 1 pt Prowl H2O 2 pt
+ Spartan 6 fl oz + Spartan 6 fl oz + Chateau 1 oz
Results: Triple Combinations
Weed Control
Treatment 32 DAT (Jul 17) Harvest 94 DAT (Sep 20)
% Weed Control Total No. weeds/50 ft2
PPI POST Transplant
LQ Grass LQ Grass Total
Trifluralin 4EC Dual Magnum 0.66 pt
99.0 99.5 2.7 0.3 3.3
1 pt + Prowl H2O 2 pt
Devrinol 2XT Prowl H2O 2 pt
94.3 90.0 3.5 0.0 3.5
4 pt + Goaltender 8 fl oz
> 90% Control < 50% control
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Results: Triple Combinations
Crop Tolerance
Visual Cabbage Injury Average Head Weight
Treatment
(%) (lb)
11 DAT 32 DAT Harvest
PPI POST Transplant
(Jun 29) (Jul 17) (Sep 20)
Trifluralin 4EC Dual Magnum 0.66 pt
5.0 7.3 3.75
1 pt + Prowl H2O 2 pt
Devrinol 2XT Prowl H2O 2 pt
13.0 8.0 3.89
4 pt + Goaltender 8 fl oz
10% Injury, Not significantly different than
Not significantly different than worst treatment. best treatment.
Results: Triple Combinations
32 DAT (Jul 17) Harvest 94 DAT (Sep 20)
Trifluralin 1 pt, Devrinol 2XT 4 pt, Trifluralin 1 pt, Devrinol 2XT 4 pt,
Dual Magnum 0.66 pt Prowl H2O 2 pt + Dual Magnum 0.66 pt Prowl H2O 2 pt +
+ Prowl H2O 2 pt Goaltender 8 fl oz + Prowl H2O 2 pt Goaltender 8 fl oz
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Results: Extended Weed Control
8 DAT Extended App. Harvest 94 DAP
(Jul 25) (Sep 20)
Treatment
Total No. Weeds
Visual Weed Control Rating
/ 50 ft2)
Cabbage
32 DAP (Jul 17) Injury Other Broad‐
POST Transplant 2 d POST cultivate (%) LQ Grass Grass
Broad‐leaf leaf
PRE row closure
Goaltender 8 fl oz Prowl H2O 2 pt 3.0 P ‐‐ F/P 6 7
Prowl H2O 2 pt
Spartan 6 fl oz 7.0 E E E ‐‐ 0
+ Chateau 1 oz
Prowl H2O 2 pt +
Chateau 1 oz 0.0 E G G 0 0
Goaltender 8 fl oz
E: Excellent VG: Very Good G: Good F: Fair P: Poor Fail
Results: Extended Weed Control
Harvest 98 DAP (Sep 24) – Head Weight (lb)
2.7 lb 4.4 lb 5.1 lb
Goaltender 8 fl oz (AP) + Spartan 6 fl oz (AP), Prowl H2O 2 pt +
Prowl H2O 2 pt (29 DAP) Prowl H2O 2 pt + Goaltender 8 fl oz (AP),
Chateau 1 oz (32 DAP) Chateau 1 oz (32 DAP)
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Results: Extended Weed Control
Harvest (Sep 24) – No New Weed Emergence
Hand Weeded Prowl H2O 2 pt (AP) Prowl H2O 2 pt (AP),
Prowl H2O 2 pt (32 DAP)
None to Very‐Low New Emergence in all plots with 32 DAP treatments
Results: Extended Weed Control
8 DAT (Jul 25) – Chateau 1 oz killed 8” pigweed!
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Summary
• Prowl H2O provided best control of LQ (75%)
• Trifluralin and Dual Magnum 50% control
• Devrinol FAILED to control LQ
• Dual Magnum provided best grass control, Prowl H2O the weakest
• Addition of WSSA Group 14 herbicides, Goaltender, Spartan and Chateau to
Trifluralin, Devrinol, Dual Magnum and Prowl H2O increased total weed
control at harvest by 82 to 98%.
• Of WSSA Group 14 herbicides:
• Generally Goaltender was most injurious – Apply BEFORE transplanting
• Spartan resulted in best LQ and grass control
• Goaltender had poorest grass control
• Chateau had poorest LQ control
• Addition of Spartan was safest when used with WSSA Group 3 herbicides
Trifluralin and Prowl H2O than Devrinol and Dual Magnum (15)
Summary
• Addition of Chateau was safe on cabbage EXCEPT Dual Magnum + Chateau,
which caused unacceptable crop injury including death.
• Top 3 best treatments for crop safety, weed control & yield:
1. Prowl H2O 2 pt + Spartan 6 fl oz
2. Trifluralin 4EC 1 pt + Spartan 6 fl oz
3. Prowl H2O 2 pt + Chateau 1 oz
• Triple combinations resulted in excellent weed control with acceptable crop
injury
• Devrinol 4 pt fb. Prowl H2O 2 pt + Goaltender 8 fl oz
• Trifluralin 1 pt fb. Dual Magnum 0.66 pt + Prowl H2O 2 pt
• Late applications of Prowl H2O and/or Chateau were safe on cabbage and
resulted in excellent weed control – explore further!
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Questions?
Reminder:
• Spartan and Chateau are not
labeled on cabbage in New York.
Welcome New Specialty Crops
Weed Scientist to Cornell!
• Lynn Sosnoskie
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