DIABETES PREDICTION USING

MACHINE LEARNING
IT8611
A MINI-PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

T. SELVA SATHISH 312019205028

B. SHARATH 312019205030

in partial fulfilment for the award of the

degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

IN

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

JEPPIAAR SRR ENGINEERING COLLEGE, PADUR

ANNA UNIVERSITY: CHENNAI 600 025

JUNE 2022
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 ANNA UNIVERSITY: CHENNAI 600 025

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this project report “ DIABETES PREDICTION USING

MACHINE LEARNING ” is the bonafide work of T. SELVA
SATHISH(312019205028) AND B.SHARATH(312019205030) who
carried out the project work under by supervision.

HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT INTERNAL GUIDE

Mr. S.RAMAKRISHNAN M.E., Mr. S.RAMAKRISHNAN M.E.,
Assistant Professor, Assistant Professor,
Information Technology, Information Technology,
Jeppiaar SRR Engineering Jeppiaar SRR Engineering
College, College,

Submitted for the examination held on .

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

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 ACKNOWLEGEMENT
We take this opportunity to express our profound gratitude and deep regard
to our beloved Founder Chairman (Late)Col. Dr. JEPPIAAR M.A., B.L., Ph.D., for
enlightening our lives and showering heavenly blessings forever.

We also express our heartfelt thanks to our Chairman and Managing Director
Dr. REGEENA JEPPIAAR B.E., M.B.A., Ph.D., for her kind cooperation and keen
interest for the success of the project.

We are immensely happy to accord the warmth of gratitude to our Director

Mr. MURLI SUBRAMANIAN for being the beacon in all our endeavours.

We express our profound gratitude to our Principal Dr. M.

Sasikumar M.Tech., Ph.D for bringing out novelty in all executions.

We express our thanks to our Head of the Department Mr.

S. RAMAKRISHNAN M.E., for his valuable suggestions and guidance for the
development and completion of this project.

We are highly thankful to our project Internal Guide Mr. S.

RAMAKRISHNAN M.E., for guidance and encouragement in carrying out this
project work.

We are much obliged to all our teaching and non-teaching staff members for
their valuable information and constructive criticism that immensely contributed to
the development of the project.

Above all, we wish to avail this opportunity to express a sense of gratitude and
love to our beloved parents and friends for their moral support and constant strength
at various stages of our project

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER TITLE PAGE NO
NO
1 INTRODUCTION 5
ABSTRACT
1.1 PROJECT OBJECTIVE
1.2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS 8
HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
3 SOFTWARE SPECIFICATION 9
SPECIFICATION
ABOUT THE DATASET
MODULES
ALGORITHMS
4 DIAGRAMATICAL REPRESENTATION 13
USE CASE DIAGRAM
DATA FLOW DIAGRAM
5 IMPLEMENTATION PROCEDURE 15
MACHINE LEARNING CODE
FRONT-END CODE
6 SOFTWARE TEST DESCRIPTION 29
UNIT TESTING
INTEGRATION TESTING
SYSTEM TESTING
7 RESULT 32
8 CONCLUTION AND FUTURE SCOPE 35
9 REFERENCES 37

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CHAPTER 1
ABSTRACT

Diabetes is an illness caused because of high glucose

Level in a human body. Diabetes should not be ignored if it
is untreated then Diabetes may cause some major issues in
a person like: heart related problems, kidney problem, blood
pressure, eye damage and it can also affects other organs of
human body. Diabetes can be controlled if it is predicted
earlier.To achieve this goal this project work we will do early
prediction of Diabetes in a human body or a patient for a
higher accuracy through applying, Various Machine Learning
Techniques. Machine learning techniques Provide better
result for prediction by constructing models from datasets
collected from patients. In this work we will use Machine
Learning Classification and ensemble techniques on a
dataset to predict diabetes.

Keywords: Diabetes, Machine Learninng Prediction, Dataset.

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 INTRODUCTION

Machine learning is a sub-domain of computer science

which evolved from the study of pattern recognition in data,
and also from the computational learning theory in artificial
intelligence. It is the first-class ticket to most interesting
careers in data analytics today[1]. As data sources
proliferate along with the computing power to process
them, going straight to the data is one of the most
straightforward ways to quickly gain insights and make
predictions.
Diabetes mellitus is the most common disease
worldwide and keeps increasing everyday due to changing
lifestyle, unhealthy food habits and over weight
problemsThere were studies handle in prediction diabetes
mellitus through physical and chemical tests, are available
for diagnosing diabetes.Data science methods have the
potential to benefit other scientific fields by shedding new
light on common questions.

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1.1 PROJECT OBJECTIVE
 The objective of the study is classify Indian PIMA
dataset for diabetes.
 This is proposed to achieve through machine learning
classification algorithm.
 Our objective is to design an interactive application, in
which user can give inputs to arrive the prediction

1.2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

This project work we will do early prediction of Diabetes
in a human body or a patient for a higher accuracy through
applying, Various Machine Learning Techniques. Machine
learning techniques Provide better result for prediction by
constructing models from datasets collected from patients.
In this work we will use Machine Learning Classification and
ensemble techniques on a dataset to predict diabetes.

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CHAPTER 2
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

2.1 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

 Processor : Any processor above 500 mhz

 Ram : 4 GB
 Hard Disk : 4 GB
 Input device : Standard Keyboard&Mouse
 Output device Monitor: VGA and High Resolution

2.2 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

 Operating System : Windows 7 or higher

 Programming : Python 3.6 or higher
 Python Libraries : Numpy, Pandas , Matplotlib ,
Sklearn , Pickle

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CHAPTER 3
SOFTWARE SPECIFICATION
3.1 SPECIFICATION
A software requirements specification (SRS) is a
document that describes what the software will do and how
it will be expected to perform. It also describes the
functionality the product needs to fulfill all stakeholders
(business, users) needs. A software requirements
specification is the basis for your entire project. It lays the
framework that every team involved in development will
follow. It’s used to provide critical information to multiple
teams - development, quality assurance, operations, and
maintenance. This keeps everyone on the same page.
Using the SRS helps to ensure requirements are
fulfilled. And it can also help you make decisions about your
product’s lifecycle - for instance when to retire a feature.

3.2 FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS

Functional requirements may involve calculations,

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technical details, data manipulation and processing, and
other specific functionality that define what a system is
supposed to accomplish. Behavioral requirements describe
all the cases where the system uses the functional
requirements, these are captured in use cases.
3.3 ABOUT THE DATASET
This dataset is originally from the National Institute of
Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. It is provided
courtesy of the Pima Indians Diabetes Database and is
available on Kaggle. Here is the link to the dataset. It consists
of several medical predictor variables and one target
variable, Outcome. Predictor variables include the number
of pregnancies the patient has had, their BMI, insulin level,
age, and so on. The dataset has 7 columns as shown below;

Glucose – Plasma glucose concentration a 2

hours in an oral glucose tolerance test

BloodPressure – Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg)

SkinThickness – Triceps skinfold thickness (mm)

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 Insulin – 2-Hour serum insulin (mu U/ml)

BMI – Body mass index (weight in kg/(height

in m)^2)

DiabetesPedigreeFunction – Diabetes pedigree

function

Age – Age (years)

3.4 MODULES
Systems design is the process of defining the architecture,
modules, interfaces, and data for a system to satisfy specified
requirements. Systems design could be seen as the application
of systems theory to product development. This chapter gives
the overall view of the module’s description and the proposed
architecture of the project.

3.4.1 ALGORITHMS
Decision Trees
A decision tree is built by repeatedly asking questions to the
partition data. The aim of the decision tree algorithm is

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to increase the predictiveness at each level of partitioning so
that the model is always updated with information about the
dataset.

Even though it is a Supervised Machine Learning algorithm, it is

used mainly for classification rather than regression. In a
nutshell, the model takes a particular instance, traverses the
decision tree by comparing important features with a
conditional statement. As it descends to the left child branch or
right child branch of the tree, depending on the result, the
features that are more important are closer to the root. The
good part about this machine learning algorithm is that it works
on both continuous dependent and categorical variables.

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CHAPTER 4
DIAGRAMATICAL REPRENSENTATION
4.1 USE CASE DIAGRAM

4.2 DATA FLOW DIAGRAM

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14
CHAPTER 5
IMPLEMENTATION
Project implementation (or project execution) is the phase
where visions and plans become reality. This is the logical
conclusion, after evaluating, deciding, visioning, planning,
applying for funds and finding the financial resources of a
project.

MACHINE LEARNING CODE:-

import numpy as np

import pandas as pd

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

from sklearn import metrics

from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split

from sklearn.linear_model import LogisticRegression

import pickle

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 diabetes=pd.read_csv(r"C:\Users\Admin\Desktop\trial\dia
betes.csv”)

diabetes.columns

diabetes.isnull().any()

X=diabetes[['Glucose','BloodPressure','SkinThickness','Insu
lin','BMI','DiabetesPedigreeFunction', 'Age']]

X.shape

y=diabetes[['Outcome']]

y.shape

X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, y,

test_size=0.2, random_state=20)

X_train.head()

y_train.head()

dia=LogisticRegression()

dia.fit(X_train,y_train)

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X_test

y_pred=dia.predict(X_test)

y_pred

diabetes['Outcome'].unique()

metrics.accuracy_score(y_pred,y_test)*100

dia.score(X_test,y_test)*100

X_train=X_train.values

X_train

##TO CHECK HIGH ACCURARY ALGORITHM

from sklearn.linear_model import LogisticRegression

LR=LogisticRegression(random_state=0,max_iter=3000)

LR.fit(X_train, y_train)

p1=LR.score(X_test,y_test)*100

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 print(p1)

from sklearn.ensemble import AdaBoostClassifier

ADA=AdaBoostClassifier()

ADA.fit(X_train, y_train)

p2=ADA.score(X_test,y_test)*100

print(p2)

from sklearn.ensemble import RandomForestClassifier

RF=RandomForestClassifier(max_features='auto',
n_estimators=200)

RF.fit(X_train, y_train)

p3=RF.score(X_test,y_test)*100

print(p3)

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 from sklearn.tree import DecisionTreeClassifier

DC=DecisionTreeClassifier()

DC.fit(X_train, y_train)

p4=DC.score(X_test,y_test)*100

print(p4)

from sklearn.naive_bayes import GaussianNB

GB=GaussianNB()

GB.fit(X_train,y_train)

p5=GB.score(X_test,y_test)*100

print(p5)

a=["LogisticRegression","AdaBoostClassifier","RandomFor
estClassifier","DecisionTreeClassifier","GaussianNB"]

b=[p1,p2,p3,p4,p5]

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 plt.figure(figsize=(15,6))

plt.bar(a,b)

plt.title("Accuracy Graph")

plt.xlabel("Algorithm")

plt.ylabel("percentage")

plt.show()

##FINAL PART

result=RF.predict([[84,82,31,125,38.2,0.233,23]])

result

result_perc=RF.predict_proba([[84,82,31,125,38.2,0.233,2
3]])

result_perc*100

max(result_perc[0])*100

if(result==1):

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 print((max(result_perc[0])*100),"% You are having
Diabetics")

else:

print((max(result_perc[0])*100),"% You are not having

Diabetics")

##LOADING CODE INTO FILE

file=open("dia.pkl","wb")

pickle.dump(DC,file)

file.close()

FRONT-END CODE:-
from tkinter import*

import pickle

import sklearn

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dia_pred=pickle.load(open("dia.pkl","rb"))

dia=Tk()

dia.title("Diabetes Prediction")

dia.geometry("750x900")

dia.configure(background="#d446cd")

gl_input=DoubleVar()

bp_input=DoubleVar()

sk_input=DoubleVar()

ins_input=DoubleVar()

bmi_input=DoubleVar()

dpf_input=DoubleVar()

age_input=DoubleVar()

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 def prediction():

gl=gl_input.get()

bp=bp_input.get()

sk=sk_input.get()

ins=ins_input.get()

bmi=bmi_input.get()

dpf=dpf_input.get()

age=age_input.get()

if ((70<=gl<=350) and (80<=bp<=150) and (2<=sk<=29)

and (10<=ins<=300) and (12<=bmi<=45) and (0<=dpf<=2.5) and
(0<=age<=150)):

result=dia_pred.predict([[gl,bp,sk,ins,bmi,dpf,age]])

result_perc=dia_pred.predict_proba([[gl,bp,sk,ins,bmi,dpf,age]]
)

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 if(result==1):

ans=str(round(max(result_perc[0])*100))+"% You
are having Diabetics"

else:

ans=str(round(max(result_perc[0])*100))+"% You
are not having Diabetics"

else:

ans="Invalid Details"

lb8.configure(text="Prediction: ")

lb81.configure(text=ans)

lb1=Label(dia,text="Enter the Glucose level\t\t:

",font=('algerian',15),fg="black",bg="#d446cd")

lb1.grid(row=0,column=0,padx=(0,10),pady=10)

ent1=Entry(dia,textvariable=gl_input,font=('copperblack',1

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5),fg="black",bg="white")

ent1.grid(row=0,column=1)

lb2=Label(dia,text="Enter the Blood pressure\t\t:

",font=('algerian',15),fg="black",bg="#d446cd")

lb2.grid(row=1,column=0,padx=(0,10),pady=10)

ent2=Entry(dia,textvariable=bp_input,font=('copperblack',
15),fg="black",bg="white")

ent2.grid(row=1,column=1)

lb3=Label(dia,text="Enter the Skin thickness\t\t:

",font=('algerian',15),fg="black",bg="#d446cd")

lb3.grid(row=2,column=0,padx=(0,10),pady=10)

ent3=Entry(dia,textvariable=sk_input,font=('copperblack',
15),fg="black",bg="white")

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 ent3.grid(row=2,column=1)

lb4=Label(dia,text="Enter the Insulin\t\t\t :

",font=('algerian',15),fg="black",bg="#d446cd")

lb4.grid(row=3,column=0,padx=(30,25),pady=10)

ent4=Entry(dia,textvariable=ins_input,font=('copperblack',
15),fg="black",bg="white")

ent4.grid(row=3,column=1)

lb5=Label(dia,text="Enter the BMI value \t\t:

",font=('algerian',15),fg="black",bg="#d446cd")

lb5.grid(row=4,column=0,padx=(0,10),pady=10)

ent5=Entry(dia,textvariable=bmi_input,font=('copperblack'
,15),fg="black",bg="white")

ent5.grid(row=4,column=1)

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 lb6=Label(dia,text="Enter the Diabetes pedigree function :
",font=('algerian',15),fg="black",bg="#d446cd")

lb6.grid(row=5,column=0,padx=(20,10),pady=10)

ent6=Entry(dia,textvariable=dpf_input,font=('copperblack'
,15),fg="black",bg="white")

ent6.grid(row=5,column=1)

lb7=Label(dia,text="Enter the Age\t\t \t:

",font=('algerian',15),fg="black",bg="#d446cd")

lb7.grid(row=6,column=0,padx=(0,10),pady=10)

ent7=Entry(dia,textvariable=age_input,font=('copperblack'
,15),fg="black",bg="white")

ent7.grid(row=6,column=1)

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 btn=Button(dia,comman=prediction,text="PERDICT",font=
('aerial',12),fg="black",bg="silver",activebackground="black",ac
tiveforeground="silver")

btn.grid(row=7,column=1,pady=(10,10))

lb8=Label(dia,font=('algerian',15),fg="black",bg="#d446cd"
)

lb8.grid(row=8,column=0,padx=(50,10),pady=10)

lb81=Label(dia,font=('algerian',15),fg="black",bg="#d446c
d")

lb81.grid(row=8,column=1,padx=(50,10),pady=10)

dia.mainloop()

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CHAPTER 6
SOFTWARE TEST DESCRIPTION

The best practices for testing traditional software systems

and developing high-quality software.

A typical software testing suite will include:

 Unit tests which operate on atomic pieces of the codebase

and can be run quickly during development,

 Regression tests replicate bugs that we've previously

encountered and fixed,

 Integration tests which are typically longer-running tests that

observe higher-level behaviors that leverage multiple
components in the codebase,

Follow conventions such as:

 don't merge code unless all tests are passing,

 always write tests for newly introduced logic when

contributing code,

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  when contributing a bug fix, be sure to write a test to
capture the bug and prevent future regressions.

6.1 UNIT TESTING

It is a type of software testing where individual units or
components of a software are tested. The purpose is to validate
that each unit of the software code performs as expected. Unit
Testing is done during the development (coding phase) of an
application by the developers. Unit Tests isolate a section of
code and verify its correctness. A unit may be an individual
function, method, procedure, module, or object. In our project
we are testing each and every algorithms and functions

6.2 INTEGRATION TESTING

It is a level of software testing where individual
units/components are combined and tested as a group. The
purpose of this level of testing is to expose faults in the
interaction between integrated units. Test drivers and test stubs
are used to assist in Integration Testing. Here we tested every

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modules that are used in program , we can rectify it

6.3 SYSTEM TESTING

It is a level of testing that validates the complete and fully
integrated software product. The purpose of a system test is to
evaluate the end-to-end system specifications. Usually, the
software is only one element of a larger computer-based system.
we tested our entire project thoroughly.

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CHAPTER 7
RESULT

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CHAPTER 8
Conclusion
The prediction of diabetes is one the of great importance in
today scenario, and concerning with its severe complications.
Due to the biggest reason for the death in worldwide is diabetes.
The System model is mainly focus to identification of diabetes
using some of the parameters. System is useful to physicians to
predict the diabetes in initial dais. So, that conventional
treatments and solutions may be given to the patients. System
used some of the techniques like ML for the prediction, so that
to get the more precise results. There have been fortune of
investigation on the diabetes imprint. Building diabetes disease
prediction system is useful for hospitals and doctors. System
predicts disease at early stages, so doctors can treat patients in
a better way. Proposed model is the real time application in
which is meant for multiple hospitals and predicts disease in less
time. As we use machine learning algorithms for disease
prediction, we will get more accurate and efficient results.

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 Future Scope
Proposed system uses “DECISION TREE algorithm” to find
the diabetes disease, in data science we have many algorithms
for classification such as Naive Bayes, SVM, KNN , ID3 etc… in
future we can add more algorithms to find outputs and
algorithms can be compared to find the efficient algorithm. We
can add visitor query module, where visitors can post queries to
administrator and admin can send reply to those queries. We can
add treatment module, where doctors upload treatment details
for patients and patient can view those treatment details.

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CHAPTER 9
REFERENCES

1. Perveen, S., Shahbaz, M., Saba, T., Keshavjee, K., Rehman,

A., & Guergachi, A. (2020). Handling Irregularly Sampled
Longitudinal Data and Prognostic Modeling of Diabetes Using
Machine Learning Technique. IEEE Access, 8, 21875-21885.

2. Hasan, Md Kamrul, et al. "Diabetes Prediction Using

Ensembling of Different Machine Learning Classifiers." IEEE
Access 8 (2020): 76516-76531.

3.JACOB, SHON MATHEW, KUMUDHA RAIMOND, and

DEEPA KANMANI. "Associated Machine Learning Techniques
based On Diabetes Based Predictions." 2019 International
Conference on Intelligent Computing and Control Systems
(ICCS). IEEE, 2019.

4. VijiyaKumar, K., et al. "Random Forest Algorithm for the

Prediction of Diabetes." 2019 IEEE International Conference on
System, Computation, Automation and Networking (ICSCAN).

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IEEE, 2019.

5. Syed, Rukhsar, Rajeev Kumar Gupta, and Nikhlesh Pathik.

"An Advance Tree Adaptive Data Classification for the Diabetes
Disease Prediction." 2018 International Conference on Recent
Innovations in Electrical, Electronics & Communication
Engineering (ICRIEECE). IEEE, 2018.

6.Warsi, Gulam Gaus, Sonia Saini, and Kumar Khatri.

"Ensemble Learning on Diabetes Data Set and Early Diabetes
Prediction." 2019 International Conference on Computing,
Power and Communication Technologies (GUCON). IEEE, 2019.

7.Dutta, Debadri, Debpriyo Paul, and Parthajeet Ghosh.

"Analysing feature importances for diabetes prediction using
machine learning." 2018 IEEE 9th Annual Information
Technology, Electronics and Mobile Communication Conference
(IEMCON). IEEE, 2018.

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