زياد اللبابنة: مهندس
Chapter 2
Transmission lines Experiments
Experiment (1)
To study the operation of a power
transmission line……
short circuit and open circuit……..
Determine the Transmission Line
Parameters
زيادعثمان اللبابنة: مهندس
زياد اللبابنة: مهندس
Chapter 2
Transmission lines Experiments
Experiment (1)
To study the operation of a power
transmission line……
short circuit and open circuit……..
Determine the Transmission Line
Parameters
OBJECTIVES:
To determine the general parameters of a transmission line from
1. Open circuit test
2. Short circuit test
Introduction
In this lab ac transmission lines will be explored by constructing
equivalent circuit models using simple passive components. These circuit
models will be used to demonstrate various characteristics of typical
high-voltage ac transmission lines that are used to transfer large
amounts of electrical power throughout the world
The main purpose of a transmission line in a power system network is to
efficiently transfer electrical power from one area to another, typically
from a power generating station (the sender end of transmission lines)
to the distribution network (the receiver end of transmission lines),
which then supplies electrical power to consumers.
زيادعثمان اللبابنة: مهندس
زياد اللبابنة: مهندس
Electrical power is produced in different types of generating stations
which are typically located near the source of power (ie. coal mine,
hydroelectric dam, windy or sunny location etc…) and then transferred
by transmission lines to where it can be used, typically to a city’s
distribution system. The electrical power from the generating station is
converted to a very high voltage (generally from about 150kV to about
765kV) by using a step-up transformer for use on the sender end of the
transmission line and then converted again to a lower voltage at the
receiver end using a step-down transformer. The very high voltage is
used to decrease the current flowing through the transmission lines’
cables for the same amount of power. In turn, a lower current means
there will be less I2R losses during the transmission making the
transmission line more efficient. Transmission lines can have lengths on
the orders of hundreds or thousands of kilometers.
Typical AC transmission lines consist of three line wires, one for each
phase, with no neutral wire. Most transmission lines are aerial meaning
that they are supported on large towers rather than underground. This is
due to aerial lines being much cheaper even though some might think
they aren’t aesthetically pleasing. The conductors used are usually made
up of aluminum alloy reinforced with steel as this is seen as the best
compromise between cost, weight, strength, and conductivity. The
metal conductors typically have no insulation covering them as the
conductors are kept physically separated on the towers.
- Balanced power transmission lines are represented by their π
equivalent circuit on a per-phase basis as shown in Fig. 1 below. Herein,
Z and Y represent the line series impedance and shunt admittance,
respectively, (VS, IS) and (VR, IR) represent the phase voltage and
current and the sending end (left terminal) and receiving end (right
terminal).
Through simple KCL/KVL analysis, the sending end quantities are related
to the receiving end quantities by what the so-called ABCD line parameters
زيادعثمان اللبابنة: مهندس
مهندس :زياد اللبابنة
مهندس :زيادعثمان اللبابنة
زياد اللبابنة: مهندس
Object of Experiment:
The aim of experiment is to:
*- To determine parameters of (R, XL, Z,Y).
Procedure:
1- Connect the circuit diagram as shown in fig.
2- Set the voltage source to its lowest value and change it
gradually to its nominal value.
3- Record the reading of the instruments
زيادعثمان اللبابنة: مهندس
زياد اللبابنة: مهندس
Note that is real transmission lines, the series impedance is very small relative to
the shunt impedance, i.e., Z << (1/Y). The values of Z and Y can be determined
from the open-circuit and short-circuit tests.
1. Open-Circuit Test
Under open-circuit conditions, i.e., IR = 0 A,
If one measures the voltage and current (VS, IS) and real and reactive power (PS,
QS) at the sending end, the shunt admittance Y can be computed by
Experiment: Locate the 3-phase transmission line module. Connect one end of
the module to a 3-phase 220/120 V supply through a multi-meter, and leave the
other end
open. Measure the (VS, IS, PS, QS) and the voltage VR at the receiving end using
a second multi-meter. Record your measurements below.
Open-Circuit Test
زيادعثمان اللبابنة: مهندس
مهندس :زياد اللبابنة
مهندس :زيادعثمان اللبابنة
زياد اللبابنة: مهندس
Short-Circuit Test
Determine the Transmission Line Parameters by
زيادعثمان اللبابنة: مهندس
زياد اللبابنة: مهندس
ABCD Constants
Object:
To find experimentally the magnitude and angle of each of the four
general constants of T.L.
The relationship between the parameters of the four terminal work is:
Vs =A Vr + B Ir (1)
Is =C Vr + D Ir (2)
Where:
A=|A| 𝛂
B=|B| 𝛃
C=|C| 𝛉
D=|D| 𝛅
Procedure:
1- To determine the constant of (A):
a- Connect the circuit diagram as shown in the fig (1), no load test.
b- Read the value of (Vs, Vr, and Vdrop).
c- Calculate the magnitude of A as:
|A|=|𝑉𝑠||𝑉𝑟|
And its angle from the plot as:
α=A
2- To determine the constant of (B):
The receiving end should be short circuited as shown in fig (2) and read
Vs, Is and P.
And the angle (β) is determined as:
Ps=Vs Ir cos β
And hence B can be determined as: |𝑩|=|𝑽𝒔||𝑰𝒓|
زيادعثمان اللبابنة: مهندس
زياد اللبابنة: مهندس
3- To determine the constant of (C):
a-Connect the circuit as shown in fig (3), (no load test) but introducing
the wattmeter as shown in the diagram. Read the meters and then
calculate:
|C|=|𝑰𝒔||𝑽𝒓|
To find θ: P=Vs Ir cos θ
4- To determine the constant of (D):
In the transmission lines the constant D is identical as A:
Verify the relation:
AD-BC=1
زيادعثمان اللبابنة: مهندس
مهندس :زياد اللبابنة
مهندس :زيادعثمان اللبابنة
