KỲ THI CHỌN ĐỘI TUYỂN HSGQG NĂM HỌC 2021-2022 (Vòng 1) Lào Cai

I. LEXICO AND GRAMMAR (2.0 pts)

Part 1: Choose the answer A, B, C, or D that best completes each of the following sentences. Write your answers in
the corresponding numbered boxes. (1.5 pts)
26. Her students have had praise for what they have just achieved in the national competition.
A. given over B. poured out C. heaped on D. blown away
27. In some regions in the world, a large number of people are still living at or below the poverty .
A. standard B. line C. range D. limit
28. For the world’s population, access to vaccination and general good health should not be a matter of the luck of .
A. the fate B. the god C. the chance D. the draw
29. Police the area while bomb disposal experts tried to defuse the bomb.
A. cordoned off B. checked off C. carried off D. cleared off
30. The technology boom sent share prices of the company into .
A. atmosphere B. biosphere C. stratosphere D. ionosphere
31. It is expected that a new computer system will next week.
A. come on stream B. come to the crunch C. come to blows D. come up in the world
32. A successful actor has to expect intensive media coverage - it comes with the !
A. history B. depository C. victory D. territory
33. A child the description of the missing boy was found safe and well yesterday.
A. abiding B. answering C. assisting D. applying
34. The matter is the subject of much discussion in the of power at the present time.
A. houses B. stations C. corridors D. plants
35. Whenever anyone in the family starts to complain, my mother always advises us to .
A. count our blessings B. cross the Rubicon C. crank into our gear D. cover our tracks
36. I need my comforts. I don’t know how I’d survive without air-conditioning in this climate!
A. measure B. creature C. leisure D. feature
37. She trotted out the old that ‘a trouble shared is a trouble halved’.
A. jingle B. twister C. jargon D. cliché
38. Aromatherapy was dismissed by traditional doctors.
A. out of hand B. out of the way C. out of pocket D. out of the state
39. He has earned a reputation as a stern and politician.
A. undulating B. unbending C. unprepossessing D. unhesitating
40. He admitted that, with the benefit of , the original launch had not been large enough.
A. experience B. memory C. outcome D. collection
Part 2: Give the correct form of each given word to complete the following sentences. Write your answers in the
numbered boxes. (0.5 pt)
41. Fundamentally, art is work that does not represent or depict a being, place, or thing.
PRESENT
42. Everyone should be granted the right to decide their own future. ALIEN
43. Millions of dollars were spent on lawyers in a courtroom between the two companies.
SHOW
44. Modern life is rigidly into work and leisure. COMPARTMENT
45. The development of Covid-19 vaccine in just less than a year marked a in the world’s
vaccine history. WATER
Your answers:
41. 42. 43.
44. 45.
II. READING (5.0 pts)
Part 1: Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only ONE word in each space.
Write your answers in the space provided. (1.0 pt)
A magazine editor
Last night, I watched a new TV drama about a writer on a glossy monthly magazine. As a magazine editor 46. , I
think it captured our lives brilliantly. The lead character is very credible. She’s friendly and open and wears her heart
on her 47. . She’s a good listener so everyone
48. on her shoulder. People in publishing tend to be very ambitious and Sally is extremely keen to get on and
reach the top of her profession. This sometimes drives her to 49. off more than she
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can chew. In one scene, Sally goes 50. to meet the leader of a criminal gang and gets completely out of
her 51. . I’ve been in a similar situation, so this really rang a 52. .
The office she works in has a pleasant atmosphere, which is usually the case in our sort of job in my experience. 53.
in mind that people who write for a magazine become quite close since they spend the day
discussing a whole range of personal and social issues. 54. someone in the office be drawing up a questionnaire – on
diets, 55. , or people’s likes and dislikes – they usually try it out on the rest of the team first, so you
end up knowing about everyone’s life in detail.
Your answers:
46. 47. 48. 49. 50.
51. 52. 53. 54. 55.
Part 2: Read the article below and choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text.
(1.0 pt)
Geothermal energy
Geothermal energy is natural heat from the interior of the Earth that is converted to heat buildings and generate
electricity. The idea of harnessing Earth’s internal heat is not new. As early as 1904, geothermal power was used in Italy.
Today, Earth’s natural internal heat is being used to generate electricity in 21 countries, including Russia, Japan, New
Zealand, Iceland, Mexico, Ethiopia, Guatemala, El Salvador, the Philippines, and the United States. Total worldwide
production is approaching 9,000 MW (equivalent to nine large modern coal-burning or nuclear power plants) double the
amount in 1980. Some 40 million people today receive their electricity from geothermal energy at a cost competitive with
that of alternative energy sources. In El Salvador, geothermal energy is supplying 30% of the total electric energy used.
However, at the global level, geothermal energy supplies less than 0.15% of the total energy supply.
Geothermal energy may be considered a nonrenewable energy source when rates of extraction are greater than rates
of natural replenishment. However, geothermal energy has its origin in the natural heat production within Earth, and only a
small fraction of the vast total resource base is being utilized today. Although most geothermal energy production
involves the tapping of high heat sources, people are using the low-temperature geothermal energy of groundwater
in some applications.
A. The average heat flow from the interior of the Earth is very low, about
0.06 W/m2. B. This amount is trivial compared with the 177 W/m2 from solar heat at the surface in the United States.
However, in some areas, heat flow is sufficiently high to be useful for producing energy. For the most part, areas of high
heat flow are associated with plate tectonic boundaries. Oceanic ridge systems (divergent plate boundaries) and areas where
mountains are being uplifted and volcanic island arcs are forming (convergent plate boundaries) are areas where this natural
heat flow is anomalously high. C.
On the basis of geological criteria, several types of hot geothermal systems (with temperatures greater than about
80°C, or 176°F) have been defined, and the resource base is larger than that of fossil fuels
and nuclear energy combined. A common system for energy development is hydrothermal convection, characterized by the
circulation of steam and/or hot water that transfers heat from depths to the surface. D.
The environmental impact of geothermal energy may not be as extensive as that of other sources of energy. When
geothermal energy is developed at a particular site, environmental problems include on-site noise, emissions of gas, and
disturbance of the land at drilling sites, disposal sites, roads and pipelines, and power plants. Development of geothermal
energy does not require large-scale transportation of raw materials or refining of chemicals as development of fossil fuels
does. Furthermore, geothermal energy does not produce the atmospheric pollutants associated with burning fossil fuels or
the radioactive waste associated with nuclear energy. However, geothermal development often does produce considerable
thermal pollution from hot waste-waters, which may be saline or highly corrosive.
Geothermal power is not always popular. For instance, geothermal energy has been produced for years on the
island of Hawaii, where active volcanic processes provide abundant near-surface heat. There is controversy, however, over
further exploration and development. Native Hawaiians and others have argued that the exploration and development of
geothermal energy degrade the tropical forest as developers construct roads, build facilities, and drill wells. In addition,
religious and cultural issues in Hawaii relate to the use of geothermal energy. For example, some people are offended by
using the ‘breath and water of Pele’ (the volcano goddess) to make electricity. This issue points out the importance of being
sensitive to the values and cultures of people where development is planned.
At present, the United States produces only 2800 MN of geothermal energy. However, if developed, known
geothermal resources in the United States could produce about 20,000 MW which is about 10% of the electricity needed for
the western states. Geo-hydrothermal resources not yet discovered could conservatively provide four times that amount
(approximately 10% of total U.S. electric capacity), about equivalent to the electricity produced from water power today.
56. In paragraph 1, how does the author introduce the concept of geothermal energy?
A. By explaining the history of this energy source worldwide
B. By arguing that this energy source has been tried unsuccessfully
C. By comparing the production with that of other energy sources
D. By describing the alternatives for generating electric power
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57. What is true about geothermal energy production worldwide?
A. Because it is a new idea, very few countries are developing geothermal energy sources.
B. Only countries in the Southern Hemisphere are using geothermal energy on a large scale.
C. Until the cost of geothermal energy becomes competitive, it will not be used globally.
D. Geothermal energy is already being used in a number of nations, but it is not yet a major source of power.
58. In paragraph 2, why does the author state that geothermal energy is considered a non-renewable resource?
A. The production of geothermal energy is a natural process.
B. Geothermal energy comes from the Earth.
C. We are not using very much geothermal energy now.
D. We could use more geothermal energy than is naturally replaced.
59. The word ‘anomalously’ in paragraph 2 is CLOSEST in meaning to .
A. unsubstantially B. unexpectedly C. understandably D. unflinchingly
60. Which of the sentences below best expresses the information in the highlighted statement in the passage?
A. High heat is the source of most of the geothermal energy but low heat groundwater is also use sometimes.
B. Even though low temperatures are possible, high heat is the best resource for energy production for groundwater.
C. Both high heat and low heat sources are used for the production of geothermal energy from groundwater.
D. Most high heat sources for geothermal energy are tapped from applications that involve low heat in groundwater.
61. According to paragraph 3, which statement is true about the heat flow necessary for the production of geothermal
energy?
A. It is like solar heat on the Earth's surface. B. It happens near tectonic plate boundaries.
C. It must always be artificially increased. D. It may be impractical because of its location.
62. In paragraph 5, why does the author mention the ‘atmospheric pollutants’ and ‘radioactive waste’ for fossil fuel and
nuclear power?
A. To introduce the discussion of pollution caused by geothermal energy development and production
B. To contrast pollution caused by fossil fuels and nuclear power with pollution caused by geothermal energy
C. To argue that geothermal production does not cause pollution like other sources of energy do
D. To discourage the use of raw materials and chemicals in the production of energy because of pollution
63. According to paragraph 6, the production of geothermal energy in Hawaii is controversial for all of the following
reasons EXCEPT .
A. The volcanoes in Hawaii could be disrupted by the rapid release of geothermal energy.
B. The rainforest might be damaged during the construction of the geothermal energy plant.
C. The native people are concerned that geothermal energy is disrespectful to their cultural traditions.
D. Some Hawaiians oppose using geothermal energy because of their religious beliefs.
64. What is the author's opinion of geothermal energy?
A. Geothermal energy has some disadvantages, but it is probably going to be used in the future.
B. Geothermal energy is a source that should be explored further before large-scale production begins.
C. Geothermal energy offers an opportunity to supply a significant amount of power in the future.
D. Geothermal energy should replace water power in the production of electricity for the United States.
65. Where could the following sentence best be added? ‘One such region is located in the western United States, where
recent tectonic and volcanic activity has occurred.’
A. A B. B C. C D. D
Part 3: Read the passage and do the tasks that follow. (1.3 pt)
The reading passage has seven paragraphs A-G. Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of
headings below.
List of headings
i. The legal implications of automated driving
ii. The limitations of the automated car
iii. Towards a partial public acceptance of automated cars
iv. The long dream of the automated car
v. The downward trend in the demand for automated cars
vi. The definition of an automated car
vii. The current financial cost of developing automated car technology
viii. The rationale behind the concept of the automated car
ix. Common technological features of automated cars
x. Remarkable success of automated cars on the road
66. Paragraph A
67. Paragraph B
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 68. Paragraph C
69. Paragraph D
70. Paragraph E
71. Paragraph F
72. Paragraph G
Cars that can drive themselves
A. The idea of the self-driving car dates back to before the Second World War. Visitors to General Motors’ ‘Futurama’
at the 1939 World Fair in New York were shown a vision of the future in 1960, in which radio-controlled automobiles
would zip along perfectly safe highways. In the 1950s, General Motors and the Radio Corporation of America began
experimenting with such a system, digging radio-transmitting cables into roads at a cost of around $100,000 per mile.
B. The system worked. In 1958, a Chevrolet impala made it round a special course ‘without the driver’s hands on the
steering wheel’ but it joined the list of other expensive automated dreams. The first real breakthroughs for self-driving cars
took place in the late 1980s, in the £800m Eureka Promethesus Project, led by Ernst Dickmanns of the Bundeswehr
University Munich, a pioneer of computer vision. Using just fur black and white cameras, Dickmanns’s cars managed two
road trips of more than 1,000 kilometers through Europe in 1994 and 1995, driving without human intervention 95% of the
time. Automated cars have made huge leaps and bounds in recent years. Starting in 2004, Darpa, the high-tech research
wing of the US military, ran a series of competitions for driverless vehicles. The winning team was hired by Google, and for
years the technology company ran a fleet of automated cars around the highways of California. So for the cars have clocked
up 200,000 miles and have been involved in one minor human-caused accident. Google is not on its own. Other car
manufacturers also have some kind of automated car in the works, with research and testing also going on in the UK and
Germany.
C. Most driverless cars share the same ‘Velodyne’ laser system on their roofs. 64 spinning lasers provide a constant,
3D view of the environment 40 meters around the car, while radars on the bumpers and a rear- view camera also feed in
information. The data is sorted by algorithms that distinguish between cars, pedestrians, plastic bags and cats, and tell the
car what to do. Automated cars are programmed to be model drivers: they stop when pedestrians step onto the road; they
give way when they should; they stay out of other cars’ blind-spots and nudge forward when other cars should be letting
them through.
D. Across the world, 1.2 million people are killed or injured on the roads each year with human error to blame
90% of the time. ‘It’s amazing to me that we let humans drive cars,’ says Eric Schmidt, the executive director of
Google. Paul Newman, a robotics engineer at Oxford University, says it is only a matter of time before we hand over the
wheel. ‘It’s crazy to imagine that in ten to twenty years we’ll still have to sit behind a wheel, concentrating hard, not filling
asleep and not running over people’, he says. Computer-controlled cars offer the benefits of safety, fuel efficiency and
speed. Roads full of automated cars, all communicating with one another, will see vehicles going bumper-to-bumper at
70mph, eliminating traffic jams.
E. In spite of the encouraging pace of development, however, enormous hurdles still remain, notably how to
engineer human common sense. ‘Imagine a situation where a box falls onto the road in front of you,’ says John Leonard, a
mechanical engineering professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. ‘The system needs to make a split-second
decision to either go straight through it or to swerve left or right - which might have worse consequences than just going
forward’. Other challenges include recognizing the weaknesses of automated cars: how do their sensors respond to glare,
poor weather, or damage?
F. However, no matter how good, their guidance systems are, self-driven cars will still have accidents. In which case,
who will be responsible the car manufacturer the software developer or the human driver – for filing to override the
computer at the critical moment? But will the cars even have people on board? One of the attractions, surely, will be in
ordering them to come and pick us up: in which case will it be empty car A, or car B with driver, which is to blame for a
driving mistake? In whatever from they emerge, automated cars will require the greatest overhaul of the law of the roads
since the rise of the automobile in the first half of the 20th century.
G. It seems unlikely, at least for the time being, that drivers will hand over their car keys. A lot of people actually like
to drive and hate being passengers. More likely we will see a continuation of the gradual automation of cars that have been
under way for two decades, during which automatic lane-keeping, cruise control and parking aids have been gratefully taken
up. A new Volvo, for example, now maintains safe distances in heavy traffic without human intervention, and Nissan is
working on software that anticipates a driver’s next move, adjusting the car ahead of time. Piece by piece, radars, lasers, car
to car communication, and the warning of dangers ahead will be added as well, slowly easing the wheel out of our hands.
Complete the summary below using words from the box.
substantially increase more slowly closer
less than double more reliable more likely
further heavier less
a lot less likely far higher faster
The benefits of driverless cars
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 Driverless cars are designed to react 73. in comparison to humans. They also have 360 degree
perception and do not get distracted or sleepy. Engineers believe that the technology could 74. the
capacity of roads by allowing cars to drive with a greater degree of safety when they are
75. together. Because driverless cars are 76. to be involved in collisions, they could be built
lighter and therefore use 77. fuel. However, to become completely safe, driverless cars must be 78.
in comparison with today’s computers.
Part 4: Read the text. Seven paragraphs have been removed. Choose from the paragraphs A- H the one which fits
each gap (79-85). There is one extra paragraph which you do not need to use. (0.7 pt)
Crying Wolf
When Bill Feeney stood out under the full moon on a frigid early April night in Northern Wisconsin in 1944 and gave a
deep, full-throated howl, he was not expecting what he received: an equally deep, full-throated response from a wolf he and
his colleagues from the Wisconsin Conservation Department had been tracking. 79.
Feeney’s call and response method came years before wildlife biologists began to use vocalizations as a tool to study wolf
packs. Imitation is a surprisingly good way to locate dens and estimates pack sizes and composition.
80.
Feeney reportedly howled just that one time. This was likely because he was leading the wolf study in secret and felt nightly
howling sessions would not be a good way to keep the research clandestine.
81.
The last known gray wolf in that state was killed in 1958. The species has now returned and has been removed from the
state's endangered species list. In fact, Wisconsin, Minnesota, and Michigan now each have wolf hunting seasons and cull
quotas.
82.
Deer hunters were already steamed over the recent introduction of hunting regulations, and considered wolves a major
competitor. The public was so antipredator and specifically antiwolf that it would have been committing employment
suicide to admit to doing any investigation on wolves.
83.
But the war disrupted academic publication schedules, and the public's abhorrence of wolves grew more intense at each
public meeting about deer-management policies. Feeney became quite reticent, eventually sequestering all the research
notebooks. The study remained secret and the researchers mum.
84.
That planted the seed, and he and his colleagues began howling as a means of locating wolves during late summer, when
lack of snow and thick foliage prevents conventional surveys, which are done mostly by tracking paw prints and conducting
visual surveys during the winter.
85.
Over time, a protocol was developed that wildlife biologists still use today. The vocalist issues an initial howl - not too loud
in case the pack is nearby - and then repeats the howl three times, turning 90 degrees each time, to ensure it is amplified to
each of the cardinal directions. Then, he waits and listens.
National geographic
The Paragraphs
A. In the late 1950s, biologist Douglas Pimlott began broadcasting recordings of wolf howls in Ontario’s Algonquin
Provincial Park, wondering if they might respond. Indeed, they did.
B. After testing out their voices, they realized their own howls were as convincing to the wolves as the recordings of real
wolves. This meant Pimlott and his crew could ditch the truck from which they broadcast the recordings, and set out on foot
into the forest, armed only with their voices and notebooks.
C. Officially, Feeney was conducting a major deer study, but the secret wolf study was an offshoot. He focused on
counting and better understanding wolves' social and hunting habits - knowledge he knew might be unattainable in the
future, given that the state was paying a bounty of $20 for a dead adult wolf and $10 for a pup.
D. Mimicking calls has spread far beyond wolves, however, and beyond voice to new devices and digital recordings, as
researchers now use vocalizations to get a peek into many corners of the animal kingdom.
E. If there was no response, Feeney repeated the four-howl sequence, at the same cadence but louder. If this failed to elicit
a response he tried a third time or moved to a different location before howling again.
F. Though the woods of Iron County were sparsely populated, they were frequented by trappers trying their damnedest to
kill every wolf they could. In the 1940s, Wisconsin was only one of four states where wolves were still extant.
G. Feeney and the biologists who worked for him disagreed with the bounty and hoped the species would persist, and
Feeney even told the famed ecologist Aldo Leopold that he would publish the wolf study findings, which showed that
wolves did not significantly affect deer population.
H. Rather than calling out the names of fellow researchers whom he believed to be nearby, Feeney had decided to have a
bit of fun. Since he is deceased, we can’t ask Feeney whether he considered his howl a new research tool that built on
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tracking wolf prints, examining scat, and searching for dens.
Part 5: Read the text, identify which section A–D each of the following is mentioned. Write ONE letter A–D in the
corresponding numbered space provided. Each letter may be used more than once. (1.0 pt) Which text
86. bemoans the choice of covering?
87. expresses a desire to see this author delve into the genre again?
88. claims that the novel is what the author wished it to be?
89. maintains that it would be easy to lessen the enjoyment the book?
90. communicates a difficulty in reviewing the book?
91. illustrates how the reader and characters share an experience?
92. states that the author could be classified in another category?
93. shows the reviewer did not expect the effect the book had?
94. warns of the backlash of changing from a writer’s established area?
95. mentions Brookmyre’s previous flirtation with the genre?
Places in the Darkness
A. The Guardian
The award-winning Scottish crime author Chris Brookmyre tweeted a one-star Amazon review he received for his new
novel, Places in the Darkness, earlier this month. ‘This needs a ‘serious science fiction’ warning, in capital letters,’ raged
the reader, who’d clearly been expecting another slice of Brookmyre’s excellent tartan noir. ‘I feel kind of bad,’ responded
Brookmyre, brimming with sarcasm. ‘My publishers should maybe have put a space station on the cover or something.’
Brookmyre, who has dabbled in SF before with the novel Bedlam, gives us a fully realised world - one far enough into the
future to feature intriguing technologies, such as the mesh implants that upload information into their owner’s brains. ‘You
don’t need to read or experience new information, you simply know it, and you can’t forget what you learned or choose to
switch it off at the end of the day.’ But what this veteran crime writer really provides in Places in the Darkness is another
corker of a murder mystery, his new setting - with which he’s clearly having a whale of a time - giving him the opportunity
to wow us with an even twistier twist than usual.
B. The Scotsman
Chris Brookmyre raised eyebrows when he revealed his latest novel was set in space, but Places in the Darkness doesn’t
disappoint. In the prologue, the effects of zero gravity offering him the chance for yet another opening that sears itself onto
the reader’s mind, as he introduces what is essentially a sophisticated locked room mystery. Our first companion is Alice
Blake, a government representative on her first journey to CdC from Earth, and the reader shares her disorientation at being
bombarded with new information and sensations. Just as we’ve sized up Alice, and concluded that she is exact and law-
abiding to the point of prissiness, we meet Nikki Fixx, in the throes of an almighty hangover. A cop, she is tasked with
investigating the Cdc’s first murder - and yes, she’s forced to work with Alice, in buddy-cop film style. Brookmyre takes
delight in his role as the creator of CdC - its gleaming labs and promise of a better humanity; its scuzzy bars and illicit herbs
- and the novel lives up to his description of it as ‘space noir’ as our patience with the sci-fi set-up is rewarded with a
crime plot heavy on misinformation and misdirection. Good writers push themselves in new directions, though it’s a
brave move - there is no guarantee the audience will follow. But Places in the Darkness is an ingenious crime story with
plenty of relevance to today’s world, and Brookmyre has crafted CdC as carefully as his characters. Whether readers
embrace the book will come down to how much they want to embrace the sci-fi setting.
C. Wordpress
Places in the Darkness by Chris Brookmyre Ciudad de Cielo (CdC) is the City in the Sky, humanity’s gateway to the stars -
or at least that is the intention. Located many thousands of kilometres above Earth, CdC is a space station comprising two
enormous Wheels that whirl around a central trunk, each Wheel the home to thousands of men and women. Their mission is
to create and construct the first of the generation starships that will carry mankind to a new home. There are no children.
Everyone on CdC has a place and a purpose, an inspiration, and so there is no serious crime. That is the official line. The
pace builds and before you know it we’re aboard a runaway train. Places in the Darkness is tremendously exciting. Full of
surprises, deadly chases and dark conspiracies, all taking place in the contrasting shadows and artificial light of Ciudad de
Cielo.When I reached the end I was surprised at how far this book had taken me. It’s not a straightforward journey
but it is most certainly thrilling. This is one of the best science fiction crime novels I’ve read in a long time - with the best of
characters, story and mood - and I can only hope that Chris Brookmyre takes us into orbit or beyond again.
D. The Scotsman
Chris Brookmyre is an author who is hard to pin down, which is one of the things that make his books so intriguing and
entertaining. We’ve seen him referred to, and may even have referred to him ourselves, as an author of Tartan Noir. And
it's certainly true that many of his books could be fitted within that genre. Not Places in the Darkness though.
This superb novel takes us somewhere else entirely, to Ciudad del Cielo, or the ‘city in the sky’, more usually known to
residents of the city, and of Earth, as ‘CdC’. CdC is an enormous space station in geostationary orbit over the Pacific. Here
scientists and engineers are working to build a huge spaceship, a colony ship that will guarantee the long-term future of
humanity by taking us, some of us, anyway, to the stars. Places in the Darkness is a book that is very hard to review

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without spoiling for prospective readers. It’s easy enough, and harmless enough, to say what a great book it is. And it’s easy
enough to say that the atmosphere, plot and characterisation are all outstanding. But this is a book that misdirects its readers
in the interests of an enjoyably twisty plot from the very beginning; a book in which very little is what it seems; and a book
in which almost no-one is who they appear. To embark on a discussion of the characters or plot, however superficially, is to
risk taking away some of the joy of discovery that is part of what makes the book so good. As we read the book the
comparison that kept coming to mind was the 1982 film, Blade Runner. The atmosphere is unremittingly dark, and Chris
Brookmyre’s CdC is every bit as grimy and seamy as 1982’s vision of 2019’s Los Angeles. A great read for anyone with a
taste for excellent sci-fi or excellent crime writing.
III. WRITING (6.0 pts)
Part 1: Read the following extract and use your own words to summarize it. Your summary should be about 100-120
words long. (1.5 pts)
When we think of the future, most of us imagine hover boards and flying cars, exciting new technological
advancements and developments, perhaps even scientific achievements and breakthroughs. What we spend little time
contemplating, however, is what we will be eating. Nevertheless, food futurologists and organizations around the world
have examined the prospects, and they might, at first glance at least, appear less than thrilling.
One thing that’s for certain, according to food futurologist is that meat will once again become a luxury. In the West
she proclaims, many of us have grown up with cheap, abundant meat. Unfortunately though,
rising prices are spelling the doom of this long-lasting trend. As a result we are looking for new ways to fill the meat gap.
As the price of raising livestock goes up, we’ll eat less beef. So, what will we eat?
The answer to that question lies with our reliance on genetic engineering. As overpopulation and resource depletion
will inevitably lead to a struggle to feed the masses, they predict, the food industry will experience a shift in focus from
‘form’ to ‘function’. ‘Functional foods’ will be genetically modified to provide additional value, and they will be targeted at
each group of the population-with foods customized to meet the needs of men, women, the elderly, etc. Once we have a
complete picture of the human genome, we'll know how to create food that better meets our needs.
But food still has to come from somewhere and leading food futurologists and other scientists are from
on their belief that the foods of the future will come from insects. They are nutritionally excellent. Not only that but they are
also full of protein, and on par with ordinary meat in terms of nutritional value. Another source of future food, could be
algae. Algae, like insects, are extremely nutritious and already popular in Asia, and could be the perfect solution for three
very important reasons: first of all, they can grow both in fresh and salt water-a notable advantage, considering the shortage
of land we are bound to experience in the future; secondly, they grow at an astounding pace the likes of which no other plant
has ever been found to achieve before; and finally, with 10,000 different types of seaweed around the world, they can open
up an exciting world of new flavors for us to discover. The final option brought forth by scientists is lab grown, artificial
meat. The benefits of a worldwide move towards in-vitro meat would be tremendous for the environment, which would see
a reduction in energy and water waste and greenhouse gas emissions, and would significantly reduce animal suffering.
Part 2: Graph description (1.5 pts)
The pie chart below shows the main reasons why agricultural land becomes less productive and the table shows
how these causes affect three regions of the world.
Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
You should write at least 150 words.
CAUSES OF WORLDWIDE LAND DEGRADATION
Others
3%

Deforestation
26%
Over-grazing
40%

Over-cultivation
31%

CAUSES OF LAND DEGRADATION BY REGION

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 Region % land degraded by
Deforestation Over-cultivation Over-grazing Total degraded land
North America 0.5 4.4 2.0 6.9%
Europe 9.0 7.5 5.0 22.5%
Oceania 1.5 0 11.5 13.0%
Part 3: Essay writing (3.0 pts)
Write an essay on the following topic.
Learner autonomy plays a pivotal role in learners’ academic success; to suggest the contrary can hinder
their academic achievement. Discuss the statement and give your opinion.
Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. You should
write at least 350 words.
_THE END_
Thí sinh không được sử dụng tài liệu. Cán bộ coi thi không giải thích gì thêm.

You have 5 minutes to sketch out what you are going to say. You should prepare notes instead of full
sentences and try to speak as naturally as possible. Your talk should not exceed 5 minutes.
Question 1:
The idea of creating happy schools has recently been initiated by many educators. However,
some claim that this is challenging. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Question 2:
Some young people think it is better to spend and enjoy their money once they earn it.
Others think it is better to save their money. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
Question 3:
Many people think that celebrities are under no obligation to publicize the details of their
charitable activities as long as they are done with good cause. However, others claim that all these
activities should be done in a transparent way.
Discuss both views and give your own opinions.
Question 4:
Some people say that advertisements are not good because they encourage us to buy things we don’t
really need. Others say that advertisements are good because they inform us about new products. Discuss both
views and give your own opinion.
Question 5:
Some people believe that only people who have a lot of money are successful. Others believe that success
does not always equate to having lots of money. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
Question 6:
Some people believe that success comes from hard work. Others believe that success has to do with
luck. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
Question 7:
Some people think that movies are designed to make people think. Others think that movies are
designed to entertain or amuse people. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
Question 8:
Some parents think that the latest technologies (gadgets, computers, etc.) will help in their
child’s learning development. Others think giving children the latest gadgets will be a distraction in
their studies. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
Question 9:
Some countries spend large amounts of money hosting international sports events like the
Olympic Games. Others think that this money should be spent on infrastructure to encourage more
ordinary people to participate in sports. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
Question 10:
Some countries implement a national Identification system where all people’s information is
stored in a central database under state control. This is believed to be harmful to members of society by
some. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

_THE END_
Thí sinh không được sử dụng tài liệu, kể cả từ điển. Cán bộ coi thi không giải thích gì thêm.

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