Australian Design Rule 62/02 Mechanical Connections Between Vehicles 1

Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule 62/02 –

Mechanical Connections Between Vehicles) 2007

Compilation: 1 (up to and including Amendment 1)

Compilation Date: 05/02/2010

Compiled by: Vehicle Safety Standards, Department of Infrastructure,

Transport, Regional Development and Local Government

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CONTENTS

0. LEGISLATIVE PROVISIONS.......................................................................... 3
1. SCOPE................................................................................................................ 3
2. APPLICABILITY .............................................................................................. 3
3. DEFINITIONS ................................................................................................... 5
4. REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................................. 5
5. GENERAL APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS .............................................. 5
6. ‘FIFTH WHEEL ASSEMBLIES’ ........................................................................ 5
7. KINGPINS FOR ‘FIFTH WHEEL ASSEMBLIES’............................................ 5
8. 40 mm AND 50 mm ‘AUTOMATIC PIN COUPLINGS’ .................................. 6
9. 50 mm ‘BALL COUPLINGS’............................................................................. 6
10. ‘COUPLING’ BODIES FOR 50 mm ‘BALL COUPLINGS’............................. 6
11. ‘HOOK COUPLINGS’ ....................................................................................... 7
12. OTHER ‘COUPLINGS’ ..................................................................................... 7
13. ‘TOWBARS’...................................................................................................... 10
14. ‘DRAWBARS’................................................................................................... 12
15. ALTERNATIVE STANDARDS ..................................................................... 15
APPENDIX 1..................................................................................................................17
NOTES............................................................................................................................19

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0. LEGISLATIVE PROVISIONS
0.1. NAME OF STANDARD
0.1.1. This Standard is the Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule 62/02 –
Mechanical Connections Between Vehicles) 2007.
0.1.2. This Standard may also be cited as Australian Design Rule 62/02 —
Mechanical Connections Between Vehicles.
0.2. COMMENCEMENT
0.2.1. This Standard commences on the day after it is registered.

1. SCOPE
The function of this vehicle standard is to specify requirements for
devices for mechanical connections between vehicles and their fitment,
in order to ensure positive mechanical engagement for vehicle
combinations and to prohibit the opening or disengaging of devices under
the action of any forces to which they may be subject to during normal
use.

2. APPLICABILITY
2.1. This vehicle standard is only applicable to vehicles fitted with
‘Couplings’ that are designed to be separated in normal operation; and
2.2. does not apply to connection devices mounted to the front of a motor
vehicle or devices not intended for towing trailers.
2.3. This vehicle standard applies to the design and construction of L, M, N
and T category vehicles from the dates set out in clauses 2.3.1, 2.3.2, and
the table below.
2.3.1. 1 January 2009 on all new model vehicles.
2.3.2. 1 July 2009 on all vehicles.
2.3.3. For the purposes of clause 2.3.1 a "new model" is a vehicle model first
produced with a 'Date of manufacture' on or after the agreed date in
clause 2.3.1.

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2.4. Applicability Table

ADR UNECE
Category Category Acceptable
Vehicle Category Code * Code * Manufactured on or After Prior Rules
Moped 2 wheels LA L1 1 January 2009** /01
Moped 3 wheels LB L2 1 January 2009** /01
Motor cycle LC L3 1 January 2009** /01
Motor cycle and sidecar LD L4 1 January 2009** /01
Motor tricycle LE L5
LEM 1 January 2009** /01
LEP 1 January 2009** /01
LEG 1 January 2009** /01
Passenger car MA M1 1 January 2009** /01
Forward-control passenger vehicle MB M1 1 January 2009** /01
Off-road passenger vehicle MC M1 1 January 2009** /01
Light omnibus MD M2 1 January 2009** /01
up to 3.5 tonnes ‘GVM’ and up to 12 MD1
seats
up to 3.5 tonnes ‘GVM’ and more MD2
than 12 seats
over 3.5 tonnes and up to 4.5 tonnes MD3
‘GVM’
over 4.5 tonnes and up to 5 tonnes MD4
‘GVM’
Heavy omnibus ME M3 1 January 2009** /01
Light goods vehicle NA N1 1 January 2009** /01
Medium goods vehicle NB N2 1 January 2009** /01
over 3.5 tonnes up to 4.5 tonnes NB1
‘GVM’
over 4.5 tonnes up to 12 tonnes NB2
‘GVM’
Heavy goods vehicle NC N3 1 January 2009** /01
Very light trailer TA O1 1 January 2009** /01
Light trailer TB O2 1 January 2009** /01
Medium trailer TC O3 1 January 2009** /01
Heavy trailer TD O4 1 January 2009** /01
** See clauses 2.3.1 to 2.3.3

*
UN ECE Vehicle Categories are provided for information and as reference only. The category code may
also be in the format L1, LA etc.

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3. DEFINITIONS
3.1. For vehicle categories, definitions and meanings used in this standard,
refer to Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule Definitions and
Vehicle Categories) 2005.

4. REQUIREMENTS
4.1. All ‘Couplings’ must comply with the requirements of this standard.
4.2. Installation of ‘Couplings’ is:
4.2.1. Mandatory on all trailers for ‘Couplings’ which connect to the towing
vehicle; and
4.2.2. optional for all other motor vehicles.

5. GENERAL APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS

5.1. 'Couplings' designed for use between tow vehicles and trailers with an
‘ATM’ up to 3.5 tonnes must be 'Quick Release Couplings'.
5.2. The ‘Tow Coupling Overhang’ must not exceed, in the case of an NC
vehicle designed for use in ‘Road Trains’, 2.7m.”

6. ‘FIFTH WHEEL ASSEMBLIES’

6.1. ‘Fifth Wheel Assemblies’ that have a ‘D-value’ rating of greater than 40
kN must comply with and be installed to comply with the requirements
of AS/NZS 4968.1:2003 Heavy-road vehicles – Mechanical coupling
between articulated vehicle combinations – Design criteria and selection
requirements for fifth wheel, kingpin and associated equipment1; and
6.1.1. AS/NZS 4968.2:2003 Heavy-road vehicles – Mechanical coupling
between articulated vehicle combinations – Testing and installation of
fifth wheel and associated equipment.
6.2. ‘Fifth Wheel Assemblies’ that have a ‘D-value’ rating of 40 kN or less
must meet clause 6.1; or
6.2.1. meet the static strength test requirements in clause 12.3.2 or the dynamic
strength test requirements of clause 12.3.3; and
6.2.2. meet the marking requirements of clause 12.4 or of AS/NZS
4968.1:2003.

7. KINGPINS FOR ‘FIFTH WHEEL ASSEMBLIES’

7.1. Kingpins that have a ‘D-value’ rating of greater than 40 kN must comply
with and be installed to comply with the requirements of AS/NZS
4968.1:2003 Heavy-road vehicles – Mechanical coupling between
articulated vehicle combinations – Design criteria and selection
requirements for fifth wheel, kingpin and associated equipment1; and

1
Determination of the ‘D-value’ in clause 6 of AS/NZS 4968.1:2003 and clause 7 of AS/NZS
4968.3:2003 is relevant to vehicle combinations only and so is not required under this Vehicle Standard
(Australian Design Rule 62/02 – Mechanical Connections Between Vehicles) 2007.

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7.1.1. AS/NZS 4968.3:2003 Heavy-road vehicles – Mechanical coupling

between articulated vehicle combinations– Kingpins and associated
equipment1.
7.1.2. The marking requirements of clause 12.4 may be used instead of those in
AS/NZS 4968.1:2003.
7.2. Kingpins that have a ‘D-value’ rating of 40 kN or less must meet clause
7.1; or
7.2.1. meet the static strength test requirements in clause 12.3.2 or the dynamic
strength test requirements of clause 12.3.3; and
7.2.2. meet the marking requirements of clause 12.4 or of AS/NZS
4968.1:2003.
7.2.3. Where a kingpin has been tested to clause 12.3.3, it must be installed
such that the installation will withstand a static longitudinally applied
force equal to a minimum of the ‘D-value’ for 60 seconds duration
without separation. This requirement may be demonstrated using
‘Approved’ calculations, where the calculations take into account both
strength and fatigue resistance.
7.3. ‘Skid-Plate’ assemblies of ‘Semi-Trailers’ of TD category must comply
with AS/NZS 4968.3:2003 and must be designed with provision for
draining the water from the space above the ‘Skid Plate’.

8. 40 mm AND 50 mm ‘AUTOMATIC PIN COUPLINGS’

8.1. 40 mm and 50 mm ‘Automatic Pin Couplings’ must comply with the
requirements of AS 2213 – 2001 Commercial road vehicles – Mechanical
connections between towing vehicles parts 1 and 22; and
8.1.1. AS2213 - 1998 Commercial road vehicles – Mechanical connections
between towing vehicles parts 3 to 5.
8.1.2. The value of ‘a’ used in clause 7 of AS 2213 – 2001 part 1, must be =
2.4.
8.1.3. The marking requirements of clause 12.4 may be used instead of those in
AS 2213 - 2001.

9. 50 mm ‘BALL COUPLINGS’
9.1. 50 mm ‘Ball Couplings’ intended for towing trailers with an ‘ATM’ of up
to 3.5 tonnes must comply with the requirements of AS 4177.2 – 2004
50mm Towballs.
9.1.1. The marking requirements at clause 12.4 may be used instead of those in
AS 4177.2 – 2004.

10. ‘COUPLING’ BODIES FOR 50 mm ‘BALL COUPLINGS’

2
Determination of the ‘D-value’ in clause 6 of AS 2213.1– 2001 and determination of the ‘V-value’ for
the towing vehicle in clause 7 is relevant to vehicle combinations only and so is not required under this
Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule 62/02 – Mechanical Connections Between Vehicles) 2007.

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10.1. ‘Coupling’ bodies for 50 mm ‘Ball Couplings’ intended for towing

trailers with an ‘ATM’ of up to 3.5 tonnes must comply with the
requirements of AS 4177.3 – 2004 Coupling Body for Ball Couplings.
10.1.1. The marking requirements at clause 12.4 may be used instead of those in
AS 4177.3 – 2004.

11. ‘HOOK COUPLINGS’

11.1. The hook part of ‘Hook Couplings’ must comply with the technical
requirements of the standard referenced in clause 15.1.9; or
11.2. the dimensional requirements of the standard referenced in clause 15.1.9;
and
11.2.1. clauses 12.2 - 12.4, except for clause 12.4.2.2.
11.3. The towing ring part of ‘Hook Couplings’ must comply with the
technical requirements of the standard referenced in clause 15.1.10; or
11.4. the dimensional requirements of the standard referenced in clause
15.1.10; and
11.4.1. clauses 12.2 - 12.4 except for clause 12.4.2.2.
11.5. ‘Hook Couplings’ must comply with the 'Coupling' manufacturer’s
installation instructions when fitted to a towing or towed vehicle.
11.6. For information purposes, a copy of the relevant dimensions referenced
at clauses 11.2 and 11.4 are shown in APPENDIX 1.

12. OTHER ‘COUPLINGS’

12.1. ‘Couplings’ other than those specified in clauses 6 to 11 must comply
with clauses 12.2 to 12.4 and must comply with the 'Coupling'
manufacturer’s installation instructions when fitted to a towing or towed
vehicle.
12.2. Locking Mechanism
12.2.1. ‘Couplings’ must incorporate a positive locking mechanism together with
a separate means of retaining this mechanism in the locked position. The
locking must be readily verifiable by visual examination.
12.2.2. ‘Quick Release Couplings’ must incorporate a positive locking
mechanism together with a separate means of automatically retaining this
mechanism in the locked position. This locking must be readily
verifiable by visual examination.
12.3. Strength
12.3.1. Up to 750kg ‘ATM’
‘Couplings’ specifically designed for use between LA, LB, LC, LD
category and LEM sub-category towing vehicles and trailers up to 750kg
‘ATM’ when installed in the design configuration must withstand the
relevant static or dynamic forces nominated in clause 12.3.1.1 or clause
12.3.1.2 when these forces are applied separately at the intended
‘Coupling’ centreline, without incurring any residual deformation that

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would interfere or degrade the function of the assembly or any breaks,

cracks or separation of components. The static forces must be maintained
for not less than 10 seconds.
12.3.1.1. Up to 750kg ‘ATM’ – Static Testing
12.3.1.1.1. Longitudinal tension and compression of minimum (N) 1.5 x 9.81 x
‘ATM’ (kg) for the ‘ATM’ at which the ‘Coupling’ is rated; and
12.3.1.1.2. Transverse thrust of minimum (N) 0.5 x 9.81 x ‘ATM’ (kg) for the ‘ATM’
at which the ‘Coupling’ is rated.
12.3.1.2. Up to 750kg ‘ATM’ – Dynamic Testing
12.3.1.2.1. Horizontal alternating force of minimum +/- 2.52 kN acting in a line
parallel to the ground and in the longitudinal median plane of the towing
vehicle for at least 2 million cycles. The frequency is not to exceed 35
Hz, and must be chosen so as not to coincide with any natural frequency
of the system.
12.3.2. Up to 3.5 tonnes ‘ATM’
‘Couplings’, other than those at clause 12.3.1, specifically designed for
use between towing vehicles and trailers up to 3.5 tonnes ‘ATM’ when
installed in the design configuration must withstand the relevant static or
dynamic forces nominated in clause 12.3.2.1 or clause 12.3.2.2 when
these forces are applied separately at the intended ‘Coupling’ centreline,
without incurring any residual deformation that would interfere or
degrade the function of the assembly or any breaks, cracks or separation
of components. The static forces must be maintained for not less than 10
seconds.
12.3.2.1. Up to 3.5 tonnes ‘ATM’ – Static Testing
12.3.2.1.1. Longitudinal tension and compression of minimum (N) 1.5 x 9.81 x
‘ATM’ (kg) for the ‘ATM’ at which the ‘Coupling’ is rated; and
12.3.2.1.2. Transverse thrust of minimum (N) 0.5 x 9.81 x ‘ATM’ (kg) for the ‘ATM’
at which the ‘Coupling’ is rated; and
12.3.2.1.3. Vertical tension and compression of minimum (N) 0.5 x 9.81 x ‘ATM’
(kg) for the ‘ATM’ at which the ‘Coupling’ is rated.
12.3.2.2. Up to 3.5 tonnes ‘ATM’ – Dynamic Testing
12.3.2.2.1. Horizontal alternating force of minimum +/- 12 kN acting in a line
parallel to the ground and in the longitudinal median plane of the towing
vehicle for at least 2 million cycles. The frequency is not to exceed 35
Hz, and must be chosen so as not to coincide with any natural frequency
of the system.
12.3.3. Over 3.5 tonnes ‘ATM’
‘Couplings’ specifically designed for use between towing vehicles and
trailers over 3.5 tonnes ‘ATM’ when installed in the design configuration
must withstand the relevant ‘D-value’, or the relevant ‘D-value’ and ‘V-
value’ dynamic forces nominated in clause 12.3.3.1 or clause 12.3.3.2
when these forces are applied separately at the intended ‘Coupling’
centreline, without incurring any residual deformation that would

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interfere with or degrade the function of the assembly or any breaks,

cracks or separation of components.

12.3.3.1. Over 3.5 tonnes ‘ATM’ – ‘D-value’ rated Dynamic Testing

12.3.3.1.1. Horizontal alternating force of minimum (kN) +/- 0.6 x ‘Coupling’ ‘D-
value’ (kN) acting in a line parallel to the ground and in the longitudinal
median plane of the towing vehicle for at least 2 million cycles. The
frequency is not to exceed 35 Hz, and must be chosen so as not to
coincide with any natural frequency of the system.
12.3.3.2. Over 3.5 tonnes ‘ATM’ – ‘D-value’ and ‘V-value’ rated Dynamic
Testing
12.3.3.2.1. Horizontal alternating force of minimum (kN) +/- 0.6 x ‘Coupling’ ‘D-
value’ (kN) acting in a line parallel to the ground and in the longitudinal
median plane of the towing vehicle and a vertical alternating force of
minimum (kN) static vertical ‘Coupling’ load +/- (0.6 x ‘Coupling’ ‘V-
value’ (kN)) acting vertically for at least 2 million cycles. The frequency
is not to exceed 35 Hz, and must be chosen so as not to coincide with any
natural frequency of the system.
The static vertical ‘Coupling’ load (kN) = 9.81 x S
where: S = ‘ATM’ - ‘GTM’ (tonnes).
12.3.3.2.2. The horizontal and vertical alternating forces must be sinusoidal in shape
and must be applied asynchronously so that the difference in their
frequencies shall be between 1% and 3%.
12.4. Marking
12.4.1. Up to 3.5 tonnes ‘ATM’
Both parts of a ‘Coupling’ specifically designed for use between LA, LB,
LC, LD category and sub category LEM towing vehicles and trailers up
to 750kg ‘ATM’, or specifically designed for use between towing
vehicles and trailers up to 3.5 tonnes ‘ATM’ must be marked with the
following information:
12.4.1.1. The ‘Coupling’ manufacturer’s name or trademark; and
12.4.1.2. the maximum allowable trailer ‘ATM’ and its units of measurement, kg
for an ‘ATM’ up to 750 kg and tonnes otherwise), at which the
‘Coupling’ is rated; and
12.4.1.3. the words “use with model (identified model)”.
12.4.2. Over 3.5 tonnes ‘ATM’
Both parts of the ‘Coupling’ specially designed for use between towing
vehicles and trailers over 3.5 tonnes ‘ATM’ must be marked with the
following information:
12.4.2.1. The ‘Coupling’ manufacturer’s name or trademark; and
12.4.2.2. the words “use with model (identified model)”; and
12.4.2.3. either the rated ‘D-value’, or the rated ‘D-value’ and ‘V-value’ (kN).

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12.4.3. All markings must be stamped, moulded or printed with letters not less
than 2.5mm high and must be visible when the ‘Coupling’ is installed
and connected. The markings may be on a metal plate that is permanently
affixed to the ‘Coupling’ or to the vehicle adjacent to the ‘Coupling’.

13. ‘TOWBARS’
13.1. Up to 3.5 tonnes ‘ATM’
For vehicles with a maximum rated towing capacity of up to 3.5 tonnes
‘ATM’, the ‘Towbar’ towing bracket, towbar attachment and vehicle
structure must comply with the requirements of AS 4177.1 - 2004
Towbars and towing brackets.
13.2. Over 3.5 tonnes ‘ATM’
For vehicles with a maximum rated towing capacity of over 3.5 tonnes
‘ATM’, the ‘Towbar’ towing bracket, towbar attachment and vehicle
structure must comply with clauses 13.3 – 13.5.
13.3. ‘Towbars’ – Over 3.5 tonnes ‘ATM’ – Strength
For vehicles with a maximum rated towing capacity of over 3.5 tonnes
‘ATM’, the ‘Towbar’ towing bracket, towbar attachment and vehicle
structure must withstand the relevant static or dynamic forces nominated
in clauses 13.3.1 or 13.3.2, according to their maximum rated capacity,
when these forces are applied separately at the intended ‘Coupling’
centreline without incurring any residual deformation that would
interfere or degrade the function of the assembly or any breaks, cracks
and separation of components. The static forces must be maintained for
not less than 10 seconds. Alternatively approval may be by ‘Approved’
calculations as per clause 13.3.3.
13.3.1. ‘Towbars’ – Over 3.5 tonnes ‘ATM’ - Static Testing
13.3.1.1. Longitudinal Tension and Compression
13.3.1.1.1. For vehicles towing trailers up to 23.5 tonnes ‘ATM’, other than
‘Converter Dollies’ a (N) 1.5 x 9.81 x ‘ATM’ (kg) for the ‘ATM’ at which
the ‘Towbar’ is rated.
13.3.1.1.2. For vehicles towing trailers over 23.5 tonnes ‘ATM’, and ‘Converter
Dollies’ the lesser of 350 kN; or
13.3.1.1.3. 2.25 x ‘Coupling’ ‘D-value’ (kN) for the ‘Coupling’ ‘D-Value’ at which
the ‘Towbar’ is rated.
13.3.1.2. Transverse Thrust
13.3.1.2.1. For all vehicles towing trailers, 120kN. Alternatively, the following may
be used:
13.3.1.2.1.1. (N) 0.5 x 9.81 x ‘ATM’ (kg) for the ‘ATM’ at which the ‘Towbar’ is
rated; or
13.3.1.2.1.2. For a ‘Towbar’ marked for towing ‘Dog Trailers’, as per clause
13.5.1.4, (N) 0.5 x 9.81 x [‘GGALR’ (kg) for the front ‘Axle Group’ of
the designated ‘Dog Trailer’].

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13.3.1.2.1.3. Notwithstanding the requirements at clauses 13.3.1.2.1.1 and

13.3.1.2.1.2, it need not be greater than (N) {[‘Wheelbase’ (m) +
‘Coupling’ Offset (m)] /‘Wheelbase’ (m)]} x [sum of the ‘Axle Loads’
(kg) for the rear ‘Axle Group’ of the towing vehicle when at ‘GVM’].
where: ‘Coupling’ Offset is the dimension from the rear wheel
centrelines of the towing vehicle (as used to determine the
‘Wheelbase’) to the centre of the ‘Coupling’ (m).
13.3.1.3. Vertical Tension and Compression
13.3.1.3.1. For all vehicles towing trailers, 120kN. Alternatively, the following may
be used:
13.3.1.3.1.1. (N) 0.5 x 9.81 x ‘ATM’ (kg) for the ‘ATM’ at which the ‘Towbar’ is
rated; or
13.3.1.3.1.2. For a ‘Towbar’ marked for towing ‘Dog Trailers’, as per clause
13.5.1.4, (N) 0.5 x 9.81 x [‘GGALR’ (kg) for the front ‘Axle Group’ of
the designated ‘Dog Trailer’].
13.3.1.3.1.3. Notwithstanding the requirements at clauses 13.3.1.3.1.1 and
13.3.1.3.1.2, for vehicles towing trailers with hinged ‘Drawbars’ only,
it need not be greater than +/- 10 kN.
13.3.2. ‘Towbars’ – Over 3.5 tonnes ‘ATM’ – Dynamic Testing
13.3.2.1. Horizontal alternating force of minimum (kN) +/- 0.6 x ‘Coupling’ ‘D-
value’ (kN), for the ‘Coupling’ ‘D-value’ at which the ‘Towbar’ is rated,
acting in a line parallel to the ground and in the longitudinal median
plane of the towing vehicle and a vertical alternating force of (kN) +/-
0.18 x 9.81 x ‘ATM’ (tonne), for the ‘ATM’ at which the ‘Towbar’ is
rated, acting vertically for at least 2 million cycles. The frequency is not
to exceed 35 Hz and must be chosen so as not to coincide with any
natural frequency of the system.
13.3.2.2. The horizontal and vertical alternating forces must be sinusoidal in shape
and must be applied asynchronously so that the difference in their
frequencies shall be between 1% and 3%.
13.3.3. ‘Towbars’ – Over 3.5 tonnes ‘ATM’ – ‘Approved’ Calculations
The strength of a ‘Towbar’ may be demonstrated for loads as per clauses
13.3.1 and 13.3.2 by ‘Approved’ calculation procedures where the
calculations take into account both strength and fatigue resistance.
13.4. ‘Towbars’ – Over 3.5 tonnes ‘ATM’ – Safety Chain Attachments
13.4.1. Except for vehicles designed for use in ‘Road Trains’, the ‘Towbar’ must
be fitted with two safety chain attachments, mounted either side of and
adjacent to, the tow ‘Coupling’.
13.4.2. Each safety chain attachment provided on the ‘Towbar’ must withstand
at least the following static forces, separately applied, without incurring
any residual deformation that would interfere or degrade the function of
the assembly or any breaks, cracks or separation of components. The
static forces must be maintained for not less than 10 seconds:
13.4.2.1. Longitudinal tension (N) = 9.81 x ‘ATM’ (kg); and

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13.4.2.2. vertical tension (N) = 0.5 x 9.81 x ‘ATM’ (kg).

13.4.3. ‘Towbar’ safety chain attachments must be fixed to a part of the
‘Towbar’ which is permanently attached to the vehicle. Means of
permanent attachment include at least either welding or bolting.
13.5. ‘Towbars’ – Over 3.5 tonnes ‘ATM’ – Marking
13.5.1. Except where an integral part of the vehicle the ‘Towbar’ must be
marked with the following information:
13.5.1.1. The ‘Towbar’ manufacturer’s name or trade mark; and
13.5.1.2. the “make and model” shown on the ‘Compliance Plate’ or trailer plate
fitted to the vehicle for which it is designed, or the manufacturer’s part
number; and
13.5.1.3. The maximum rated capacity at which the ‘Towbar’ is rated and which
must not exceed the vehicle manufacturer’s rated capacity. This must be
the ‘ATM’ in tonnes where determined using the static requirements of
clause 13.3.1, or the maximum ‘Coupling’ ‘D-value’ in kN where
determined using the dynamic requirements of clause 13.3.2. In addition,
where the maximum rated capacity has been determined using clause
13.3.1.1.3 the maximum ‘Coupling’ ‘D-value’ must form part of the
required markings.
13.5.1.4. Notwithstanding the requirements of clause 13.5.1.3, where the
transverse thrust has been determined using clause 13.3.1.2.1.2 or the
vertical tension and compression has been determined using clause
13.3.1.3.1.2, the maximum rated capacity marked must not exceed the
‘GGALR’ for the front ‘Axle Group’ in tonnes at which the ‘Towbar’ is
rated. However, the ‘Towbar’ may carry all of the following additional
marking:
“Dog Trailers Only ATM = (the maximum rated capacity without regard
to the ‘GGALR’ for the front ‘Axle Group’ in tonnes at which the
‘Towbar’ is rated)”; and
“Front Axle Group Load Limit = (‘GGALR’ for the front ‘Axle Group’ in
tonnes at which the ‘Towbar’ is rated)”.
13.5.1.5. Where the vertical tension and compression has been determined using
clause 13.3.1.3.1.3, the ‘Towbar’ must also be marked with “Hinged
Drawbar Only".
13.5.1.6. All markings must be stamped, moulded or printed with letters not less
than 6 mm high. Where the information required at clause 13.5.1 is not
visible when the ‘Towbar’ is fitted to the vehicle, an additional plate
clearly and permanently marked and in a conspicuous position must be
affixed to the vehicle adjacent to the ‘Towbar’ showing the maximum
rated capacity of the ‘Towbar’ and the information required by clause
13.5.1.4 and 13.5.1.5 if applicable.

14. ‘DRAWBARS’
14.1. The ‘Drawbar’ must be securely attached to a substantial structural
member of the trailer. The strength of the ‘Drawbar’ and its attachments

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must comply with either Clause 14.2 or the standard referenced in clause
15.1.11.
14.2. The ‘Drawbar’ including the connections between the ‘Drawbar’ and the
trailer must withstand at least the relevant static or dynamic forces
nominated in clauses 14.2.1 or 14.2.2 when these forces are applied
separately at the intended ‘Coupling’ centreline without incurring any
residual deformation that would interfere or degrade the function of the
assembly or any breaks, cracks and separation of components. The static
forces must be maintained for not less than 10 seconds. Alternatively
approval can be by ‘Approved’ calculations as per clause 14.2.3.
14.2.1. ‘Drawbars’– Static Testing
14.2.1.1. Longitudinal Tension and Compression
14.2.1.1.1. For trailers up to 23.5 tonnes ‘ATM’ other than ‘Converter Dollies’, (N)
1.5 x 9.81 x ‘ATM’ (kg).
14.2.1.1.2. For trailers over 23.5 tonnes ‘ATM’ and all ‘Converter Dollies’, the lesser
of 350 kN or 2.25 x ‘Coupling’ ‘D-value’ (kN) for the ‘Coupling’ ‘D-
value’ at which the ‘Drawbar’ is rated.
14.2.1.2. Transverse Thrust
14.2.1.2.1. For trailers up to 4.5 tonnes ‘ATM’, (N) 0.5 x 9.81 x ‘ATM’ (kg).
14.2.1.2.2. For trailers over 4.5 tonnes ‘ATM’ without dolly locking devices, 120
kN. Alternatively, the following may be used:
14.2.1.2.2.1. ‘Single Axle’ trailer or a ‘Dog Trailer’ with a ‘Single Axle’ front “Axle
Group’, (N) 11 x M/(DL).
14.2.1.2.2.2. ‘Tandem Axle Group’ trailer or a ‘Dog Trailer’ with a ‘Tandem Axle
Group’ front “Axle Group’, (N) 18 x M/(DL-1).
14.2.1.2.2.3. ‘Triaxle Group’ trailer or a ‘Dog Trailer’ with a ‘Triaxle Group’ front
“Axle Group’, (N) 24 x M/(DL-1.6)
where: M is the ‘GGALR’ (kg) for the front ‘Axle Group’ of ‘Dog
Trailers’ or the ‘GTM’ (kg) for other trailers.
DL is the ‘Drawbar Length’ (m)
14.2.1.2.3. For trailers over 4.5 tonnes ‘ATM’ with dolly locking devices, (N) 0.5 x
9.81 x ‘ATM’ (kg).
14.2.1.3. Vertical Tension and Compression:
14.2.1.3.1. For trailers up to 4.5 tonnes ‘ATM’, (N) 0.5 x 9.81 x ‘ATM’ (kg).
14.2.1.3.2. For trailers over 4.5 tonnes ‘ATM’, 120 kN. Alternatively, the following
may be used:
14.2.1.3.2.1. Rigid ‘Drawbar’ trailers, (kN) 2.25 x ‘V-value’ (kN), where the ‘V-
value’ is as calculated in AS 2213.1:2001 using the equations in
clause 7 of the standard with ‘a’ = 2.4.
14.2.1.3.2.2. Hinged ‘Drawbar’ trailers, +/- 10 kN.

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14.2.2. ‘Drawbars’– Dynamic Testing

14.2.2.1. For ‘Drawbars’ for ‘Pig Trailers’ up to 3.5 tonnes ‘ATM’ and hinged
‘Drawbars’ for other trailers, a horizontal oscillating force of (kN) +/-
0.6 x ‘Coupling’ ‘D-value’ (kN) in the longitudinal direction
concurrently for at least 2 million cycles. The frequency must not exceed
35 Hz and must be chosen so as not to coincide with any natural
frequencies of the system:
14.2.2.2. For rigid ‘Drawbars’ for ‘Pig Trailers’ over 3.5 tonnes ‘ATM’, a
horizontal alternating force of (kN) +/- 0.6 x ‘Coupling’ ‘D-value’ (kN)
acting in the longitudinal axis of the ‘Coupling’ and a vertical alternating
force of (kN) static vertical ‘Coupling’ load +/- (0.6 x ‘Coupling’ ‘V-
value’ (kN)) in the vertical axis of the ‘Coupling’ asynchronously for at
least 2 million cycles.
The static vertical ‘Coupling’ load (kN) = 9.81 x S
where: S = ‘ATM’ - ‘GTM’ (tonnes).
The frequency of the longitudinal and vertical forces must differ by
between 1% and 3% and are not to exceed 35 Hz, but must be chosen so
as not to coincide with any natural frequency of the system.
14.2.3. ‘Drawbars’ – ‘Approved’ Calculations
The strength of a ‘Drawbar’ may be demonstrated for loads as per
clauses 14.2.1 or 14.2.2 by ‘Approved’ calculation procedures where the
calculations take in to account both strength and fatigue resistance.
14.3. ‘Drawbars’– Safety Chains
14.3.1. Safety chains must be affixed to a substantial structural member on every
trailer that is not fitted with an ‘Emergency Brake System’ in accordance
with ADR 38/… Trailer Brake Systems and on every ‘Drawbar’ of a
rigid ‘Drawbar’ trailer except a ‘Converter Dolly’.
14.3.1.1. For trailers over 2.5 tonnes ‘ATM’, there must be two safety chains fitted
for connection to the towing vehicle. Each safety chain must meet
separately the strength requirements of clause 14.3.1.2 or 14.3.1.3.
14.3.1.2. For trailers up to 3.5 tonnes ‘ATM’, the safety chain must comply with
AS 4177.4 - 2004 Safety chains up to 3500 kg capacity; or
14.3.1.2.1. be a safety cable with a certified load capacity not less than that of a
chain complying with AS 4177.4 - 2004.
14.3.1.3. For trailers over 3.5 tonnes ‘ATM’, the safety chain must be made from
steel of a minimum 800 MPa breaking stress, conforming to the
mechanical properties of Grade T chain as specified in AS 2321 - 2001
Short Link Chain for Lifting Purposes and must be of a size such that the
minimum breaking load exceeds the ‘ATM’, or a size as shown in Table
1.

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‘Aggregate Trailer Mass’ Chain Size Minimum Chain

(tonnes) (millimetres) Breaking Load (tonnes)
Over 3 .5 and up to 5.0 6 5.1
Over 5.0 and up to 8.0 8 8.2
Over 8.0 and up to 12.5 10 12.8
Over 12.5 and up to 21.5 13 21.7
Over 21.5 and up to 32.5 16 32.8
Over 32.5 19 46.5
Table 1: Safety Chain Size Selection

14.4. ‘Drawbars’ – Safety Chain Attachment Points

14.4.1. Any safety chain attachment point affixing a safety chain to a ‘Drawbar’
must be located as near as practicable to the ‘Coupling’. Where two
points of attachment are required they must be mounted one on either
side of the centreline of the ‘Drawbar’.
14.4.2. Any safety chain attachment point affixing a safety chain to a ‘Drawbar’
must withstand at least the following forces, separately applied, without
incurring either any residual deformation that would interfere or degrade
the function of the assembly or any breaks, cracks or separation of the
components. The static forces must be maintained for not less than 10
seconds:
14.4.2.1. Longitudinal tension (N) = 9.81 x ‘ATM’ (kg); and
14.4.2.2. vertical tension (N) = 0.5 x 9.81 x ‘ATM’ (kg).

15. ALTERNATIVE STANDARDS

15.1. The technical requirements of ECE Regulation No. 55/01 Uniform
Provisions Concerning the Approval of Mechanical Coupling
Components of Combinations of Vehicles shall be deemed to be
equivalent to the technical requirements of this standard as applicable to:
15.1.1. Class G50 standard 50 mm pin diameter fifth wheel couplings and class
H fifth wheel coupling pins, 50 mm diameter;
15.1.2. Class G50-X non-standard 50 mm pin diameter fifth wheel couplings if
the manufacturer can demonstrate that they can be reliably coupled to
class H fifth wheel coupling pins, 50 mm diameter;
15.1.3. Class H50-X non-standard 50 mm pin diameter fifth wheel coupling pins
if the manufacturer can demonstrate that they can be reliably coupled to
class G50 standard 50 mm pin diameter fifth wheel couplings;
15.1.4. Class C drawbar couplings with a 50 mm diameter pin and class D
drawbar eyes having a parallel hole suitable for a 50 mm diameter pin;
15.1.5. Class A50-1 to A 50-5 standard 50 mm coupling balls with flange type
bolted fixing;
15.1.6. Class A50-X non-standard 50 mm coupling balls and brackets if the
manufacturer can demonstrate that they can be reliably coupled to class B
coupling heads fitted to the drawbar of trailers for connecting to the 50
mm diameter coupling ball;

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15.1.7. Class B coupling heads fitted to the drawbar of trailers for connecting to
the 50 mm diameter coupling ball, but excluding class B50-X, non-
standard 50 mm diameter coupling heads;
15.1.8. Class B50-X non-standard 50 mm diameter coupling heads if the
manufacturer can demonstrate that they can be reliably coupled to class
A coupling balls and towing brackets employing a 50 mm diameter
spherical device;
15.1.9. Classes KA1, KA2 or KA3 hook type couplings;
15.1.10. Classes L1, L2, L3, L4 or L5 toroidal drawbar eyes;
15.1.11. Class E drawbars, but excluding their installation.

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APPENDIX 1
Dimensional Requirements for ‘Hook Couplings’
Refer Clause 11.6
The following has been reproduced from ECE Regulation No. 55/01 Uniform
Provisions Concerning the Approval of Mechanical Coupling Components of
Combinations of Vehicles, incorporating Corrigendum 1 to Revision 1 of the regulation.

Class K1 K2 K3 K4 KA1 KA2 KA3 Remarks

e1 - 83 83 120 120 140 160 + 0.5
e2 - 56 56 55 55 80 100 + 0.5
e3 90 - - -. - - - + 0.5
d2 17 10.5 10.5 15 15 17 21 H13
c 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Min.
f 130 175 175 180 180 200 200 Max.
g 100 100 100 120 120 140 200 Max.
a 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 + 1.6/- 0.0
L1 120 120 120 120 250 300 300 Max.
L2 74 74 63 74 90 90 90 Max.
L3 110 130 130 150 150 200 200 Max.

Figure 1. Dimensions for Class K hook type couplings (mm)

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Øa

Øb

Class L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 Remarks
a 68 76.2 76.2 76.2 68
+1.6/-0.0 +0.8 +0.8 +0.8 +1.6/-0.0
b 41.2 41.2 41.2 41.2 41,2
+0.8 +0.8 +0.8 +0.8 +0.8
c 70 65 65 65 70 Min

Figure 2. Dimensions of Class L toroidal drawbar eyes (mm)

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NOTES

This compilation of Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule 62/02 - Mechanical

Connections Between Vehicles) 2007 includes all the instruments set out in the Table of
Instruments. The Table of Amendments provides a history of clauses that have been
amended, inserted or deleted.

Table of Instruments
Name of Instrument Registration Commencement
Date Date
Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule 62/02 - 18/07/2007 19/07/2007
Mechanical Connections Between Vehicles) 2007
Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule 62/02 - 04/02/2010 05/02/2010
Mechanical Connections Between Vehicles) 2007
Amendment 1

Table of Amendments
Clause affected How affected Amending instrument
5.2 ad Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule 62/02 -
Mechanical Connections Between Vehicles) 2007
Amendment 1
13.3.1.1.2 am Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule 62/02 -
Mechanical Connections Between Vehicles) 2007
Amendment 1
13.4.2.1 am Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule 62/02 -
Mechanical Connections Between Vehicles) 2007
Amendment 1
13.4.2.2 am Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule 62/02 -
Mechanical Connections Between Vehicles) 2007
Amendment 1
14.2.1.1.2 am Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule 62/02 -
Mechanical Connections Between Vehicles) 2007
Amendment 1
14.3.1.3 am Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule 62/02 -
Mechanical Connections Between Vehicles) 2007
Amendment 1
Table 1 ad Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule 62/02 -
Mechanical Connections Between Vehicles) 2007
Amendment 1
14.4.2.1 am Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule 62/02 -
Mechanical Connections Between Vehicles) 2007
Amendment 1
14.4.2.2 am Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule 62/02 -
Mechanical Connections Between Vehicles) 2007
Amendment 1
ad = added or inserted
am = amended
del = deleted or removed
rr = removed and replaced
Æ = clause renumbered. This takes the format of old no. Æ new no.

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