Bt emericas Electie Potential cc 1. 2 ron. unre 8 ADE, 8 care acum () i ine in cond «scape 0 leon, m snub of coat Standard Vale = 146% 109 1. How tiny lectons per secon flow tough te eso of conc tt coe (rau 200;c058.8) Solcron ann let Pe ember feo wing Conti per second toe te cross-section of & fenton, ag 1 =, we gt Tas * eis (asics!) = 625» 10% As. Tas, ow of 6:25 x 10" cleans per second trough a conductor gives rise to 1A elec crest Ine concn, % Cae he amount of cure flowing through 2 endif 108 elearons cross through the eros Stn of the conductor In 1-6 milena. Glen, en 6x IPG, (Suir, CBSE 202) tps nsnter of pra Solurion Here, = 10e= 16 x10, 116m = 16% 105 Ung = 28 = Wxrssc10 16x10 10x10, Ase. 3+ How mary eles pos thaugh a wie a2 mise, ithe curren passing tough the wi 300 mA? (Pad 20) Solurion Here, 1=300mA = 300 10 4 12min =2 x 60 = 1205 c= 16x10 t=O eget ol, Obet20 16x10 = 225% 10" eecrons, AN aa, Using,| Om en wus Powe tes 4 aeceeter nen Fite rg im Ooi curre.civene = 16 * 107" srintie”™ ost cao? 1-610 ate x10 recon of cometonl caret 980 9P Peete eran se Sith ne of 1 revlon LSS ie pean caret Take tecwne Solon. = 16x10, Frogeny, ¥ = 108 reve STEP A. cnge == % STEP 2, Weraow, cure, 1 6x10 10 16 10°A = 016 mA 46 In cacnage rite, the mamber of hydrogen ons tifiog actors 4 crossecion per second is To TO we he nme of elton ing in poste direction across that cross-section is SEP lt pr second. Cale the ol caret Erossing the given eros eto, 6 108 Sein, "= 40 1, Se wart en rex ime ee 1 (epee fe c:0 x 108427 * 10% x 16 9:9 wat tS die aes wit ine 1 ne ee 42K Pt omsamcrrent which woud sen he SFC mane Kd Kas wi 5 Solerion sie, cing =D, = foun ore er ao" * c-towspf cat oh cn % Slicers mena o Pete ore ator tough be wie ing rie perl (2 F192 ws s| oo (case mo Solurion. ‘Amant of charge flowing trough he wie it 05 aren wndee I= raph FRSA S85 SA, (25 +296 =375¢ Pome, 9 Find he rw of elecons pasting tough a wite if he wee cates a cueat of 32 A. Given charge fnekotoa = T6107C, (AMI 10, ™. How many electrons pass trough a conic 0S second if the current pasing trou! I 10 ampere? Tavs 5125 10LUNIT-41 CURRENT ELECTRICITY— Current Electricity | 297 1 . he ic current at a point on the circle, eeauee (@) How much charge will flow through the wire ? Given e = 1-6 X 107°C, ANS 1-27 x 10-q] () How many electrons flow through the wire in the given time? (ANS. 280 C; 1-75 x 1024 e TERE ¢ solutions nejncl 3:2 » 2-1. =2x109 19 Te Toxo 2, 1 a LO area 1256x10~ 2.Q="=7x 40 = 280C 2x 3-14 x 10 x 107 3x 10° n=2 = 1.75 x 108! = 1256 x 10-75 © 16x10"g Numericals Drift Velocity and Electron Mobility @ % wi) J= (it) by What is What ?: 0g 1. A wire of length 6 m and area of cross-section 1 mm carries a current of 2 A. If unit cubic metre Of the material of a wire contains 10°? free electrons, find the average time taken by an electron to cross the length of the wire. Solution. Hence, / = 6m, A = 1 mm? = 10 m? 1 =2A,n = 109 is drift velocity in m s~1, B is electric field in N C-! density of electron in m-%. J is current density in A m2 or V mr", Lis current in A, n is number Drift velocity of electrons, vy = 10°? x16 x10-™ x1 x10 = 125 x 104+ mst 1 6 = = 48 x 10's = 13-33 br uq 1-25x10-* ANS.rt carer crc cre ty | 2 Fld the curent densiy in a wire of damn (zemin wich crm of 10 A hon solsio Here, D=O2em=2% 105 m,1= 10.4 1a ano ving 3 = = AO RD Hexan 10 = 38x Aw ava. ‘The number density of clecrons in coppers 8810 nr, What ith tine tea by mccoy ‘bd om on endofawite 22 mgs trated i aes of cross seton of the wie 0 8 Wee ‘adi carvings curen 60.8? soleion STEP 1. Drift eon, GSO) G6x10 a1) ents x 10% 22210 me! f¢ STEP 2. But, dit velocity wy =f tine, = = 22 ot ug “aK = 10x 10, as. 4 (@ Baimate he average dri sped of cotton kon Copper mie of ssc aa that cach cope stm contre ope condctian fk, Te desta oper 90% 10 em fal ie nomic nant 9. (6) Coagare se ait speed cine above with (0 tera speed of eectrons carn te eet a (i) gst of proagton fe el slog PSone asthe ef mtn Seminar 2 Sara et Massofeewrn = 91 «10K CERT) Selcion. (lew T= tS Ae A= 10x 107 a? "To tnd aun Of es er 16x WBC, amber of atoms ger nt volume of EOP ve, N mats SP_No, wo Bae x _ 60x10% 9010? ‘Since ane stom of oper crue de condition lesa, ttefore umber desi of eles. maw 85 x 108m? rit spe pen by 385 10a GTP OHIO aha (0) (@) Tema energy of eleton at 0m temperate Ti rien f= 138 10 Hc, Tams 427~30K m= 91x 101g (Berae0 a0 ie ear 9 17x10 met Me I 99 x 108 a ¥ THtaagh 709 108 = 108 (i) eric fel propagates, withthe speed of eleromapste wate (c= 3% 108 m1) toh he © 7 ei 5, Thearsot cross-section, length and dey of pice fa melo omic weight 0 are 1D, Land 5 10" kgm respectively. Find he uber fee ‘eoeper nt wef vy sa sete fetes. Aso nd he di ela of eleceos Inthe mel when tte of I-A ps tat =36e08 ‘Gen-Avopato namber6 > 1 mor er) Soteriow. atte of some = NX o aw Where ass of met w= AKIO Fe is «101,804 | omen wer macnn rcs HL y = a asx 108 : NZ 6 109 ot ge) Pens fm becomes ere ‘Number of alma 6210 (510°) 16. Acre of electrons i moving with A aa O'S mm ey I mumber density of ee) 23 os, cae Oe cae ce =5 x19 ‘on an electron = 1°6 X 1078¢. 7 Gig, ach atom ats on en oa ow sour. an Number of free electrons = 5% 10. Ans, ere, yg = S mms! = 5 x 107 ms, Nanber often pe ti le, FLED or 0a i lidar p= Sa sn 00 gag ure dy sen ” 56K 1 x16 X 1 x5 x 19s Now, ty = FAI 68 AR 4, Reena idan wef icin fH | ene scond ) How I #ee . SomeimaccenaieA items | Seams wie? So'aenses be wo, cle Ua, 286 10% pers 244 ‘sociy ote deen Gren e=r6 10°C. | 4. ae mabe fee caus a tee Vang, 15 10% me") | g's x 107. 11 A current flows through the ce A cores wie tas 39 esc a | te‘ concn? eh ee te SSrjetegh saan iy ef cto | Toca aca eeape e jg 25 10° ems, () How many serone wold fics troagh& piten eresssecioa of te We Ia Sumi sutins ee 1M ae” SPI IO Tans 268 1009 n 15% 10%me! = 286.10 516 10 (0) No, of eens psig per second ak ie "aaa | Taman | 3:66 105 me 3.4. OHM'S LAW “George Senos Ob TH, eed sn eal and pret ieee 3:78 i Tite Known ss Ohana TWEEN ee cae “Cog Ot en, te crt for en rene 6 een ee pet oe ein se ‘it oan ie prs, ee \b ow Find tbe resistance of conductor in which 1 mA orem pse, wen pel rence ares (he dof he eductar o sone ig = Ye ne chy swans tia Ae me 2. Aire wt anaes of rose section a8 10m? ha 8 fesuance of when pl dferene acess its ends fn 25V" Calelate the dif velocity of ‘strom. Gen the same deity of ecto 3s x10 seeon per cube meter (en) ma 208) Solerion ere, A = 10.an? = 10 % 103 mj? = 104 mt, Resa Tota din sof en by Ly ao. oot Fae oP aS = 625 x10? me! Ans. |. Find ie reste of allow cin condor fof engi Pm mith oer and ager rai 0 mm fd Oey cegectvely. Te ess ofte mae 20> 10" hmm. Soleron. eB) Fae, ES, -0axma 4, Cale the resi ofthe materi of wise 10m ng, 04 mm ameter nd ving reste e208 (tayone 203) Here, I= 10m D= 04mm = 04% 109m = 1257 10a! R200 ee Using p PA. we get aai2-srt04 10 = 2514 108m 5. Avice frevistnce 10000 ad engines {o'tvice it original length. Calle it resiance (Wh? 200,33, sc en Solution Vole fe emis es wi ein oe Bite ten n(3) ver ark winger © (68) owes, = a 3 0 Satin mar enka 22S, wien 6 Asivenwieis secede is dame Is rigial vale, What wil be is new san ‘aur 0 Solution, Lett = Origin ent 4, = Original dames 1h = New length 4 = New dances, STEP 1. Ater sreching te wie, wt he we eens te se few Ah = Aah «(ay u-(4Js sims, =, at, hedSTE 2. Wetman ern cat Ee [aa He oa Re to aE wa ey 2 Ba kd tat Bea? Sh xae = 16 New reste, = 16, ee th new retitance ofthe wire wil be 16 arta! ale of he resistance" i 1s Ane seen 61-0 10" he mami of oe ‘ting in he oposie diecton sr tha ae seston & 2°7 "10" per seca, Te he shy ges 20 V, what fe efecto ‘ee? anid) Solution. ete = 1.0% 1096, ng = 27 « 1081 we STEP 1 Taal current, aay tme = 10% 10° + 27 108 x16 x 10 = 3.7 x 101 x 1-6 10° = 0592.4 2% STEP 2. Accorting © Ohm’ tow, 9 Conia te rests of sp sii wi of teat nnd areca | evi cian 610" reine a Sen (Ass. 00156 0) tant nr ee ™ soins an wo sh a 02 es mi a ane 8 2 0 125 0 MW Incoper there are 10% fee OT ie of of whch combs to exrent of 1 A 8A of ‘per of 00 em? ernst 8. A oid meu ‘elie wine is suetted to lnreise lout by 5%. Calculate te percentage change io ts resisance, (Cas 3009 Cava, 10253), Solution. Here, 14 5m ott nto Sreuek oi Lat A = sew tof caso ers the wire ws “s ‘Sie, vole of wie semis he same =he Ori same = Fi New resisue, Mt ot ty Canes in sitive = R= he elec ld in the wite The evi of toppers '6 = 10m (Ae, 6 108 V 8] ‘A caren of 3.0 A flows tough meer of (20cm dame. The gh fo ie 5 mand tet ference between sede. Caleae he renisiy of the melo ee am28 «1072.0 13, ize i mt dbl eg a Hal ‘igi eo ectn, alt he te 3 (estan a res. Tans (23erssu [ome wen mcr 55:3 (2 14 A citi metalic sell consis of two cot ot it er nn cm nn 3Ea ef om Pe se mets nen Gnenp = 2 178 edema Plans 97 x 10 0) sn ee i i Scie ar nei See SISSILE Coha orite 9. ng = Aw at 8 ace We eco srt ReaD) etd ae Ee Now my ophant Reo Eobtetek a Mh. 2h bn” aan now ek ant Baby MN deeb ee 4 wo 5° Tome we 1x Wh Ame Nowy “nt curr evtcrricrty— Curren Electricity | 15 ii, ‘Total resistance of the resistor is given by Now 5 . z pL_dy b-a oy-a= [Te Differentiating, we get b-a y-a [lene (esl6 a eae of Lay Putting this value in eqn. (1), we getdR = =] 5—> 52 sn [MSH Mew MLEHMU PSS (OL aor i #30. ‘Ac 270°C, the resisiance of are ‘Moats eperatre of he esis ithe resistance ‘nfo ob 100 and the temperate coelent tibe mater ofthe resnge I ET 104C" 7 Solvtios. Here, Re = 80, Ry = 10.0 and ea breetct Now Roy = Rp (I + 270) and Ry = Ro (1+ a) Ra ~ 00 = e100 + 2000 = 9 + 8 09 100+ 2700 1-7 104 = 8 + 8x 17 x 1040 5 «8 rare as. 2. Aric wine a este of1:1029120°C, and 2 ssn of 7 at 100C. Fd the tempera Cuetcem of retance of te etl Solution. Ry 142%e 4 14200 Rag 7 Te +100 toa = boca = 355 = 79x10 4% ans. 3. A rungs coi as a resus of 120 a 18°C IF te teperae coetiet of rents of ensiea 's 00Dt"C", calculate he reiting of eco mre, Solution R= 120, 0) = 180, 0) ~ 0°C Dom sC = 4 x108c L140, Teag,’ "eh 1 44x 10° x 99 144 x10 x 90, Trax lox Is en 06 Resiaanee a higher temperature, Ry = 12S R= 125% 12 =a 12s As, 44 The resistance of a platinum wite of pain renlstanee thermometer a! ie point i 5 ohm and ‘eam pins 523 chn. When thie thermometer ¢ Invert 4 ot bath the restance of is weg 5.795 om, Find ie temperature ofthe ht bat cern Solution. ce plat mean O°C and seam poi irc Here, Ry = 50, Rig = 523, Ry = 5755.0 0 = 0-6, = 100-0 = 100% Ro -R, Using @ = We ee Ro a8 wa OB 006 yg ig eet Sxioo™ 199. “6% 10" Let Oe the vempeatte of bt bath Using Ry ~ Ro ~ Rp a 88 = Ra, wes a= Fe=Ro, 375-505 Roa “Sx46xi07 xi | = ssesre an tumz0 A etl ihren of 20012 Cad 260,498" Drew ors eet ‘resistance of the metal. = ‘i 0869) $0 10°C 6 Atwaat ae of pert the esinsoe of Seater ie wil oto oof ese tt 10°C, Tama cote fence Boone tte Dns 0 Ch Caleuate the temperature at wich the rest of condo comes 20% mare tan ts set 27°C. The vale of he temperature of essane of te condor is 0% 10K (CBSE Sage Pop 8 (aos. 10"or Here, 14270, ~ 14950 14270 14950 =5x 103°Ct Ro (1 + aA 0) 1+ 00 Te lOn reese avis = 800°C 6 R = Ry + 20%Ro= | cg TEEN ¢ Solutions or a =20x 104K or 48 = 0-0) = (@- 27) Using R = Ro (1 + aA8). or i 3 =i+aao or aoa “Sa ne ee © sx2x104 ~ @ = 1000 + 27 = 027°CCHP © OBJECTIVE Questions (QNWEEM civics ovsstions (Crecere Coen “Zece Gurrent Oot Volocy and Curent Garay he euent ns dvice aris with tine + as |S, When a caren fos in a pmuoor i oder of Teen | i ak aa at | Mihaela ec Geringt = Ost = Sete meh he device (@) 10° ems (©) 107 cms ona sane (2M to inn way s+mc (0 21 sens. sm |" any Wein Arpt op ese ot ‘wien ino min (@) 03 % 10 eecons () 30 x 10 eecrone [Number of electrons passing cross-section ofa oak et eon Cnet ange cont 625 x10 x10 ° OSs. (6) 90 10 econ (0 625%10 a 62s (@ 30x 10 cerns, (dae 202) 4 The current Sowing trough a wire depends caine | 7. A conta pte ifetece pte erween he asl= 32 2/5. The charge flowing tough | "cals te wie. eng of wae bce ‘ie csssosioa oe wre inte = Be ‘Times, hen he dit Velo of electrons wl ese wie (0 loctease 4 nes) decreas + snes (e)lzese 2 tines) decrease 2 ines © me 220. (8... 200) © ° arm 4. A ieaty caren flows trough a mesic wire | 5, hose ren of cromesecion (4) incemes | & 1 hig wig tou sein of ie odmotly fom one ed tote trend of he | Sb WHEN sg 7 ‘tre The agate of dit Oy) of the Mee ‘eion as tneton of A" can 6 wn by We T=0a wie3a (oy 1=sa (@1=2A aaramn "a va 9. Unit of cures easy ie Am 6) Am? q 2) (o) Aw? oa . A | 10. Two suds A ant cle be cage Doing ~ ‘hugh cae A contest 90 CofC flows, int mioute. B concedes that 52S x 10 cleo win abn he caren measured inthe cel Ac then te comet © @ a re wa os L__,0 () bot A amt Bg eter A or B (cas. 20 (ona say oe) 1a cage Mowing toupee scion of wire— “Dear Resntnee Rossy Moby 6 ‘rap ween V and Ife plated fo conor tempers Ty snd Tp 8 sown in fee Scere act @b=b @hs th Ons nen BS a tae Se UME SEEN, Bah Th crea mtg Seat MIL TS AA] OM LIT) AL (© META @ [Me LIT? AS). Se a tl fn Beran Le al es ‘Rate of tength 15 de a length 2 then its FF et yes 1 ond ae (o) incenses se tines {2 al oo tage. tue 201 . $h. Unt of specie reszance o esis on (a) an (2) i mene) hm mee. fs pt 20% ron 208) Specie sstance of + wite depen Up he tenth Gy anmere {aa (ste. aw 219 IP temper of 3c ree (ayimereses |) decreases (2) ites Hearty (0) Secrest. “inal 015) 1. wie steed to make eng four ties thon is pete reabance wil be (a) ancen tnee wets (6; fourtinee oe four. "Cohair 205) 2 he eg and ate of eosin Mead test eatzce vibe HF (2) unchanged) aves (2) outed (6 droped ae ny 22, Torn conctr, the relation between ary Aeay Gi), cone (0) al dee op imenty CE) 8 @ 7-8 © j-o8 wo F-E (W None of these tins an. ecw mete we, eto 07 = Tit aoecrs a! ~ can ug par ee a eee 2 Sita SS eae 3 eS eee sre ae soon scan, Eni ta ae ee ene te i BS ers oe a aN " rare 25, The cic resitace ofa comb eas (a) increase a temperate 1 increase in erst are (0) econo in lng (3) ecrene in eos scion aren (rnb 287, 26, Which of te folowing Is wed w Dae (a) Carbon (2) Conner (6) Stizon (0) Cosa ay ei. 27, With aces i tempers, esiace a (a) decreases (2) incense (6) tein eons, (a) et decrees and ten ress te 0—_________ NIT current evecrriciry— Current Electricity | 355 28, The resistance of two wires having same length and same area of cross-section are 2 Q and 80 respectively. If the resistivity of 2 0 wire is 2-65 x 10° Q-m, then the resistivity of 8 © wire is (@ 10:0 x 107O-m @) 832 x 108Q-m (@) 761 x 108Q-m (@ 545 X 10% Q-m (CBS.E, 2021 (Term-1)) 48. Two wires A and B of the same material having length in the ratio 1 : 2 and diameter in the ratio 2:3 are connected in series with a battery. The ratio of the potential differences (V4/Vg) across the two wires respectively is @ ® ale wie wale © (@) g (CBSE. 2021 (Term 1) 30. 31. Infinity resistance in a resistance box has (@ a resistance of 1050 © a resistance of 1070 (©) a resistance of co resistance (@ a gap only (CBSE. 2021 Term) Pieces of copper and silicon are initially at room temperature. Both. are heated to temperature T. The conductivity of (@) copper increases and silicon decreases (®) copper decreases and silicon increases (©) both increase @ both decrease (CBS.E. 2023)L@ 1. ©) 2. @ 31.) 4. @ 51. @) 2.) 2. @) 22.) 32. (0) 2. @) 3. @ 3. (@) 23. () 33. (d) B. 4.) 14. (o) 24. (0) 34, (0) 44, (b) o STaSS 5. 0) 15. (@) 25. (@) 35. (b) 45. (0) 6. (d) 16. (a) 26. (d) 36. (d) 46, (c) 7.) 17. (©) 27. () 37. (@) 47. (a) 8. (c) 18. (a) 28. (a) 38. (d) 48. (c) 9. (b) 19. 29. (d) 39. (b) 49. (c) 10. (a) 20, (6) 30.) 4. (0) 50. (6)ve floree fa [ot -22 fame CP eae5a le ace = (Pseesifeme owe owe!, © eR » = 30% 10, ah eos Vat Ws iu = Sex ~ Roma ~ pe 4 =A. t= ft 5 Oy20=5 5125 109 116010" _ 5g Sipe ot Vt graph = sesitnce of onder, Ac nen ih cree a omer Hi See 1 sro = caper of condor « 6 & eff ter wun Vint rs Scie resinance depends upon mire eri of the m BE on cutter ecrecy— Coat Seiy | 357 DEM: sitions xg ‘Wi icreae in temperate of contac ‘est crests tence cout eee. Scie reste des x ependvpon dersoes este, sen e, nell ne et ‘Se soe af CD potion sept, 9 reste oven 1 ts porte boxe @ @ ® Bae ory = 8265 x 10% Ba Pata Be = 190 «0A Resuatoc of copper icreses and revisanee of igo decreas wih lene Ia engerstre =) LHe x r= 1002 = 12 10, pew = 0)Etecrc Current, Current Density and Dnt Velocly As, Name the current carriers in solid conductors, liquids and gases. . Free electrons in solid conductors, positive and negative ions in liquids and positive ions and electrons in gases, Define electric current. - Rate of flow of charge through a given cross section of the conductor is called electic current. Define S.1. unit of electric current (PDE Kerala 2001, Haryana 2004, Punjab 2013) or Write relation berween a coulomb and an ampere. (LCS.E) Current flowing through a conductor is called fone ampere if one coulomb of charge flows ‘through it in one second, 1Lcoulomb That is, 1 ampere = 1SONS= 4 Ans. Ans. EEE Questions Very Short Answer TYPE QUESTIONS ‘What do you mean by electronic current ? ‘The flow of electrons constitute an electronic current, Its direction of flow is from negative to Positive terminal of a battery. What is the direction of conventional current ? The direction of conventional current is opposite to the direction of flow of electrons inthe conductor under the influence of electric field Is current a scalar or a vector quantity ? 5. Ik a scalar quantity What do you mean by steady current ? . A current whose magnitude does not change with ‘Wiat do you mean by varying current ? ‘A current whose magnitude changes with time ‘What do you understand by alternating curret ? A current whose magnitude changes continously with time and ditection reverses periodically.DUNES NEN EMU SKS (LD Defie te term caren density, (CS.820) tte cpedutor J = Wot she 8.1, unit of cate density? amere mene (A m3, Terre desi a sear of 4 vee qumtiy? tie yer gouty. ‘What she detion of cron dey? ‘The dietion of crem deney (ji same a tat of applied lec eld ie, alone the ‘ction of contin cent, ‘What i ender of te thermal sped ofan ihm (ALP 2, aad 2004 Int, 2015; CBs. 20710) rit velosiy is ceed as he average velocity ith which fee eeceoe Gn aden Yo ie nom aoe) gered ander the Inne of an exeroatelecc field apled tthe Wat Is te onder of edit veloc of an leeton acon ? Wome ‘Wat do you mean by relation tte or mean fe tine in conde? (ERS 206 209) ‘The evage tine ier beween eo ee ‘isos betes clan ad on ot ‘Slo veaoe tie ean ee is defined as current owing per nit area of os te drift veo van ih he maging fe ere though he coat yer ph Dritehety oe ae He ee treme fd cnt Mecano se ar age eS Sr cage of «cna one ‘ica te of eae teary tee teary of ees can ia ae ipsa V apd wma tendo ,hw e cae eet cge eae at it ely, «2 ty ts doubled, when volge i doled. ow doe he it velo ofelerons inane: ono vary with eased tempera (CBSE mt) wa = SE. Dit veloc of «me eee sith geen in temperate because ee ine decreases wi ntease in temperate. When» pote iterence is api se the ens conductor ow edit we of he electoas related othe rela tne (case Ans. 1ue(E)e-(Z)° or Saar meee Short Answen TYPE QUESTIONS ‘zecon of he apie ear el. Exp, “hi bese te foes te meaty ‘urge fe closes oe toe lcs eld ‘ata epost toe deeton of te see ‘eis =e) Name he et cage cae) Pai, (oy'A gs Onsharge tbe) A pinay ce (i ecotary sl. ermian, contrse, dip a ser nob (a) Beso, sles 39 psive an of ‘(0 and (@ postive an Deeave ly, ‘ile and ores. cto) ea 3A peta ditecace V i pple 3 oR of hgh and dime Bs Wh 2 fet te vy (dating tan) ding ns op Bt (0 When V sda, ao besa ote (1) Wes dot, vy tconstl a De 1 ty oy = hen D i ambi |$$ t cunten ceric cat =e ono & 1 Incase vee fs ecooe ae Mcrae ag eta anh ns |S gg Hi Se ve ‘de electrons in the conductor. — uae 4 Ae te pat of electron Me) ) ve Witney | 3% EAE ogemccmees | mutacin leon is accreted whan soa battle materia ae jeder sat of cons te te en CARS 901) ‘Avs. Since bth wea jie in sses, so same aeat ‘erween sucessve collision, § = “ar? flows through bot the wires. Rea tate asieaiete | RE I Sanco noted a, 5 spinon es als Sie ah na $94 eal conan ape nce - @) goin bomen Ing ret Siamy Seay See |S me waren, Gear mers | sv nataneey ates mame slam sn afc aig So mene cane | Remeber te eae Remo beens aces | eae Somes See Beeman | | ete fae pa ‘mel. Afer colli, the eleseoa i one a8 fected lit oles with ions agains S0 | Aus. tucaiccurem, t= 2, viereQinthertekrie Basal, the motion of electrons in the coniocor | areeeanee! ner Ge cece fil rsup and go mmo. | charge Nowng tough cross-section of he the aiene of comintontsccetraton, te | cone ttn appear tft wit cern vease | Ynhe see of elec Fl, fee eens Seay wy, ove py pg pa At ta 1.) A prt em sping tom Eat © Wes 1s | eS Cage fed ugha pees ‘haem ecu Coren? ityes, mvha! | fdr of ie ma a eee Sresoe ‘Seine meal pss. (@ Mh eleaons are acter fo Bas © | 1, cnr of gh Lis coms cs de ‘Woe Win te drecton a te cree te eee iin nae cael Jus. 0) Wea tren svastera harp omene | Teur'ae as Sraaey SE pice oc, caret spond 0 fw ele Bic rn iss pntvey ores ruc, | Satvaucy ager” Wea ey ‘ite movement ofthe prota beam com _ Se ec erent Te Seton 5 | ag. pit hei, w= ‘re inte deci athe moveneatof Ft When eu ve 1 ircion of be caret i va Be (0 The cores etn of te cure int from West to East, 8. 1 te deton of flow of elepel sr mun est OLD Long Answer reebeesvons neers | en See an | een ts Fin the selaton between drift velocity and ‘Etat tine of hg eases na coe KenSE- 219) Fecestion in condctr of cressecg Mging cute £ apd couesrain a of Sree ‘er unl volume of cote. Hace Senn te elton Between cUrent dey 2. Def eit vy of roman eb rgheh Des aca way an ose ee Si aan CBSE Semple 2021-22, Pui 2008) ea ese (hoe arc 23.1 an 2321 (hee Aiea 231 iL Ren eso Const and MODY Very Short Answer TYPE QUESTIONS 1. Soe O's, GLP 286 Pn 21) | & Wado you unferstand y “ese? 1 ee sneace som te eos os | Ae A mat which rove be resis Te rect ey monroe ere | "ow ofeaent ine elec Sal lt fowag trogen Ve, provid te |e. ae ote commer rman | 7, Nane ow nances which ae hi is 2 Be ps ae ty se ot an | fc cueer? trea 210) | 8, What tierce Perera ce et sw Tasty enor | nate mi * ence fmt | Am Gi ie iy oy i a et toons contr ae obey Oh “mu ane) | 9. What ome deve? Ge oe eo fmt ce 6 etch = 1 tt TE. | ans deve we tes o's tw al Ti dsc of cnt: in wld wo ve | tbe Ameaicomtcer arom Pebo iemven of fore troght wie | yg, Satie 1 cre 014 tvs rth wis | 1, as oni eve? i cl 4 Sov hoaterniumsfaccomcer | era as 08 8 So ‘ease, rr) & sm. “R= eg (of beter Name tee aos ror @ Revamdcwescinsttecetecs, | Gy & () Resuaner of sender es i ive wo cemptes a teal coco © ec | Ste pares ae se iepera an cert | Anois dom ity OH ee eee Scie, eam & nan oh guy ay way | Te Rei snipe em ae an: oe 28 CE fm Srnpee rein be retusa ae | Rei ofa mac of at come {0 enact ua ceo OH of he conde,un intl aus 7 Ps my vw wie a 1B an et rte A. 1 ma he reas of tro a ae a ee te iar ew iat epee 2, Twomey Gea Ala elon OE ur Rising oe mara ag, asd | OR Wacko a ot isa to be 1 ohm-metre if the ween (CBSE 201) Schengen Se | Am. Rey of Ge ent re te om a) Seta yy a ae ‘wh On what fActors resistivity Of @ material depend? sina Gri elt, | 14 Ein te sto fotos ele ws Ke depends on the mate of the mater gat coer rie eae ‘ovens (ens 2 ri) 15 Nae pv uy whe wk min | AM Cony of «mee sce Se een ‘i ee bape oe 2% How hci of ¢ wc a te tf til ats 3 ‘ny fr empereY"YCRS hg) ica) | Am. Th aay of de wesc tet sm Coteus, The nf oman SEE? | Tha dt trp nt eee on Stay aera 1 fs you mean by oto mera | 26 Why eo wie we ming wie? Give is 8.1. unis CHP. 2005, 2011, Panjab 2011, 2016) ur 2p 05.18.2002 | py, nae otc te fs. Cenc i the rviprcal of theses Gem islow este a Benham onicarnre’ Se | . Rep in of may psa © 1 Wie vn te eo ween cre ceny | 7 AM at a pear aut ‘cont Stee aay en) ha Toot Ava en be nt ME Wan hype oe sac o ene | MS ie ea ‘ne emer teed 7 2. Gren vy te ial ec of sa Hedaae oh come een wine | > SOs Se iol os ‘sre i leper a scene th = ms vs oer ey ae eae of ame. | An, Ban it ch ese ai a “aay |“ Si urs War ol So ‘So be dm wc ce cet - ein | Erne ese doy taro dae fo A ed Smart neoeier easemert wat te | iro sce prank este Pe oe 2, sree fc, eran cotmat 2, Whar isthe unit of the temperate coefficient ae F18.x 10° C.cm 10 x 10°O em aad Wate wo te ee Br iofaln epi, wich ot im te Set sc ly" eae) 2 The re eoeticient of resistance of & | Ags, Resiniviy of silver smal x compared 10 that epee cnc | Fae cero = teeters Cnty ae Mier ee coer ese ci cate tae emery | Reiitcitcmca rc of mmr ete! |g, Name a abn al eo eee onthe wen el ‘jen of an ae eee | gg eae et Terrence tet 5M | yg, Maga we! oki ne ceo a = nr come eer amet Ey | 4372 st en wm Psa pL 31. For metal contictrs, the electrical resistivity decrease with the increase in temperature (TrerFase) ay 207) Ans. Fase : For meal conductor, electra eisiviy inceses wth the cene i temperate 2, Deine aiiy of charge cri. (case 2016) ‘As Its defn 8 the rato ofthe magi ofthe Sit velocity of arent exer ia meal the magne o te spied sects! Sra te materi ani, w= [Woe te reton of mbit wit elastin tine, (case 2010) ans y= 4 Wee. ul of mobil. fas an 38. A wie seetced wo tiple is length Wit te "esi oft wie change? yew muh ‘Avs Since the resity of materi oft plysical dimensions 0 resi othe ‘ie wil be sane even afer ates [9 Wind you mers yale rex? (dur. 00 ‘Avs Aresstr which obeys O's aici liar 3. Drow temperate graph fran mie isu ‘aye 08) As. rp vag te tin santa Siento cen anit gene, fe no Bese pate ret, Re The vai 3%. What wil be te ff onthe rei of ‘material whos length ad tea of cratic iubled? (CBSE. 20, H.,Dns e ‘Avs. Resisivity doesnt depend wpe the kine the mater and hence woud enn hens (4 Mangainor Contean arsed nmaking tg ressnce coi Expaa why? (LP. 2004, 2006, 201, 8.2019 As. The temperate coe of ri of Magus, or Constantan i ery sal. Tn ake my resistances of these materials 6 ot ehange (Gppreciahy) with the temperate, He, ty ‘Hc wed to make standard eine le fa = XS {© Nite merpenien fe at fe anc vg tenon Sate ae cme pm onthe BET er he enpen ce 6. Dee eapenne sect peed m1 ett weg oma isrrch coe gee 4. IV tants ne i et tape a a ween Salve ad eis Ans. Sop of LV grapha ‘The slope of -V graph at emperance Ty is greaer than te slope of T-V raph a tempeante Te ‘There resstnc of mete wie apes ‘y's gee tan hat at temperature Te Gene sessaeeof metallic wie increases with hoes intenersue 50; > Ty or Ty < Ty Gah stowieg vation of caren ers vole for armterial GaASs shown inthe Sue | 9 comet execs Core co jm (cms 209) leat te repon of (negative resistance (i) ere O's Law obeyed ? 1 Ava Resi (0, Siope of graph in therein ra D to Bis eptve, So region DE i negative resins, ‘egion BoC, V (b's law), 40 b's law is obeyed in eon BC. ‘Short Answer ‘TYPE QUESTIONS 1. Deze Oh's wing eco fit venely ayn, $4520, 628.8219 or Desve Ohm's bw by sng tse ie of ait vey. ih hr 203) Ree Arie 33.2. 2, Drs theresa of he conc end on {© paca cen te he er of coder? fm No-B= Vl. When V ees, La ie, 12a rome coma Tat oan a8 ‘eater nino fh xl ene 3 Dag even ene andy me Panya Irphat 2018) rom 4. How does he resitanee of) good condo (i) semi-conductor change with rise of temperature? rm) ‘0. (The einer of 2 good condor fee ‘th eine in he empeae (Gy The rssance of 4 seco decrees ‘ith ices te temperate 4 Two wires of eal lop, om of comms nd her of mangain have se estes ibe cer? Sto er a at Ea, ‘Size resiivy of copper ess tan that of ‘manga, so manganin We ike than copper Give tenance of V1 grap for oben a 00- ‘mic cat clemeas Give one exatpe of eh (CaS samp) Refer gue 15 (aad 15 (). Metlicconders te obmi crt cleats Vacuum tubes tad ‘emiconlictrs are norms cat slenens, 7 Draw gaps stowing artin of esisviy wih semper for () airmen, (case 2009 Ans. Refer gues 2 () and 22 8. Two wires A an Bae of tame mt, ave the ‘ne nes of session a have ti gs inte rao 2:1. Wha wl bee ai of cures ‘owing trough tem, when the tane pocaa ‘terete applied sess he eng of ach of em? (case) fe (4) What pens teresa of wire when is ‘ent Tred w ce og enh or ‘tnt Wha she sew resus of ee (Pea HP 206,200, 830NE LEN ASH OLD - sis | ome i) The fee elet0s in sIper-ondagy 1 aly cere rope e Se ‘As. Wekow RPA, femertre and brace hy a with each ter and Sos of te engl So super-conductors have simon rete ° 2 sn.) The flow of Cae pr a a direction constiues an ee care v then te coren cal gut ‘Volume of wire remains the same when It oe say Ea toss i inh thant oe pirat onan heal (iy Nomi i cain cue 1 are San vaueer ofa cme fo ait ‘castte, hres of ei cm fs | ave) Aloud ect cart ha gaa mental eh tet dain yates wae wa Marae ey of otra ‘Sa ow occ ee rapes Gre Sees me oat eT es was Spay eas a= Tai (be, sealer pre of cams v Now vane of wie, V= Alor A= ‘Aws. Resistivity of 4 conducior =. When temperature increases, relaxation time (2) density 7 and surface area {creel The reiity of somicondotor (4) A wie carrying current ie not chet ‘Altough the drifing of electons conte ae 7 ‘an electric current but these elects ae pao tte pt of atoms ofthe mater of he ns (ome) andelecuo hag alo very i very sal (16 x 10°) Even then, bow Since each atom of the wire is ra ‘we setup ge cue he confcies? the wire as 2 whole i ea (uy Wy des he esti of temncondocre | 13) 18 the temperature coeficie of esas te inalatorsdecrese wih the ie In always pote? ae (i) Ont mets and aos, ices hier abe (uy Wy eit of sper cond becomes oftempratiecoefcet of reise? eer (cnst imo ‘ava. @) The number deny of free electrons | ANS) No The teperre cox of rss (Ces mer fe eleson/votae) sry fs smi-conicor is negate. large = 10° mo So tee ngs umber of (ty Meals have higher value of temecit eon cu beget ince Coefieato resume thn Be al (ty Temperate depeniece of reiviy of | + Whra current ows tog a igh wings benisondars andro ven by sen i ing on these. why? b= po? were Ke Bolsa coat cant 9 Sab E'G easy pp. Tere sedavipat | AWS. Strong lect eld developer teow ‘embcontcirs sl tnd ere Wh ‘arte in high volgen compels Boe Seen enperme fy away. Long Answer TYPE QUESTONS Sante O's ram iw ie ‘Soe Ohm's aw and eve the eon) = ce of 3 contr ‘@antaan (Refer Arle 251) Refer Aries 3.4 amd 34.11 | 2 What do you meen by the resatace of nn endcioe? Stow ta reir of» soaie™™r a eee LPR EEE ml isgiven by R = 7 7; Where the symbols have their usnal meanings. (Haryana 2019) (Refer Article 3.4] 4, Define resistance and resistivity of a conductor. Site theit S.1. units. On what factors do they depend? Write down the relevant relation, (Similar Meghalaya) [Refer Article 3.4] UNIT-II CURRENT ELECTRICITY— Current Electricity | 375 4. Define resistivity of the material. State its S.1. unit, Discuss the variation of resistivity with temperature in case of (i) conductors, (ii) semi- conductors and insulators. (Punjab 2005) (Refer Article 3.4] 5. Derive a mathematical expression for resistivity of a conductor in terms of number density of charge carriers in the conductor and relaxation time. (C.B.S.E. 2007, 2023) [Refer Section 3.4.]