CLOUD COMPUTING INTRODUCTION

Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION
CONTENT:
Different Computing Paradigms- Parallel Computing, Distributed Computing,
Cluster Computing, Grid Computing, Cloud Computing etc., Comparison of various
Computing Technologies; Cloud Computing Basics- What is Cloud Computing?
History, Characteristic & Features, Advantages and Disadvantages, and
Applications of Cloud Computing; Trends in Cloud Computing; Leading Cloud
Platform Service Providers.

DIFFERENT COMPUTING PARADIGMS

➢ Parallel Computing
➢ Distributed Computing
➢ Cluster Computing
➢ Grid Computing
➢ Cloud Computing

Parallel Computing:
▪ Parallel computing is defined as a type of computing where multiple computer
systems are used simultaneously.
▪ Here a problem is broken into sub-problems and then further broken down
into instructions.
▪ These instructions from each sub-problem are executed concurrently on
different processors.

Distributed Computing:
▪ Distributed computing is defined as a type of computing where multiple
computer systems work on a single problem.
▪ Here all the computer systems are linked together and the problem is divided
into sub-problems where each part is solved by different computer systems.
▪ The goal of distributed computing is to increase the performance and
efficiency of the system and ensure fault tolerance.

JANHAVI N L, Ass. Prof., Dept. of B.C.A, VVFGC, Tumkur 1

CLOUD COMPUTING INTRODUCTION

Cluster Computing:
• A cluster is a group of independent computers that work together to perform
the tasks given.
• Cluster computing is defined as a type of computing that consists of two or
more independent computers, referred to as nodes, that work together to
execute tasks as a single machine.

Grid Computing:
▪ Grid computing is also called as "distributed computing."
▪ It links multiple computing resources (PC's, workstations, servers, and storage
elements) together and provides a mechanism to access them.
▪ The main advantages of grid computing are that it increases user productivity
by providing transparent access to resources, and work can be completed more
quickly.

JANHAVI N L, Ass. Prof., Dept. of B.C.A, VVFGC, Tumkur 2

CLOUD COMPUTING INTRODUCTION

Cloud Computing:
▪ Cloud computing is a virtualization-based technology that allows us to create,
configure, and customize applications via an internet connection.
▪ The cloud technology provides development platform, hard disk, software
application, and database.
▪ It is a technology that uses remote servers on the internet to store, manage,
and access data online rather than local drives.

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WHAT IS CLOUD COMPUTING?
▪ Cloud computing is a virtualization-based technology that allows us to create,
configure, and customize applications via an internet connection.
▪ The cloud technology provides development platform, hard disk, software
application, and database.
▪ It is a technology that uses remote servers on the internet to store, manage,
and access data online rather than local drives.
▪ Cloud computing provides scalability, flexibility, cost-effectiveness, and
security to individuals and organizations to manage their IT operations.
▪ Cloud computing works on a Pay-on-Use basis for individuals and
organizations.
▪ Some operations which can be performed with cloud computing are –
✓ Storage, backup, and recovery of data
✓ Delivery of software on demand
✓ Development of new applications and services
✓ Streaming videos and audio
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HISTORY
▪ Initial Days – In Client/Server computing (centralized storage) paradigm
all the software applications, all the data and all the controls are resided on the
server side.
▪ Then after, distributed computing came into picture, where all the computers
are networked together and share their resources when needed.

JANHAVI N L, Ass. Prof., Dept. of B.C.A, VVFGC, Tumkur 3

CLOUD COMPUTING INTRODUCTION

▪ In 1961, John MacCharty suggested in a speech that computing can be

sold like a utility, just like a water or electricity.
▪ In 1999, Salesforce.com started delivering of applications to users using a
simple website. The applications were delivered to enterprises over the
Internet.
▪ In 2002, Amazon started Amazon Web Services, providing services like
storage, computation and even human intelligence.
▪ In 2009, Google Apps also started to provide cloud computing enterprise
applications.
▪ In 2009, Microsoft launched Windows Azure.
▪ That today, cloud computing has become mainstream.
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CHARACTERISTIC & FEATURES
➢ On-demand self-services:
The Cloud computing services does not require any human administrators,
user themselves are able to provision, monitor and manage computing resources
as needed.
➢ Broad network access:
The Computing services are generally provided over standard networks and
heterogeneous devices.
➢ Rapid elasticity:
The Computing services should have IT resources that are able to scale out
and in quickly and on as needed basis. Whenever the user require services it is
provided to him and it is scale out as soon as its requirement gets over.
➢ Resource pooling:
The IT resource (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services)
present are shared across multiple applications and occupant in an uncommitted
manner. Multiple clients are provided service from a same physical resource.
➢ Measured service:
The resource utilization is tracked for each application and occupant, it will
provide both the user and the resource provider with an account of what has
been used. This is done for various reasons like monitoring billing and effective
use of resource.
➢ Virtualization:
Cloud computing providers use virtualization technology to abstract underlying
hardware resources and present them as logical resources to users.
➢ Flexible pricing models:
Cloud providers offer a variety of pricing models, including pay-per-use,
subscription-based, and spot pricing, allowing users to choose the option that
best suits their needs.
➢ Security:
Cloud providers invest heavily in security measures to protect their users’ data
and ensure the privacy of sensitive information.
➢ Automation:
Cloud computing services are often highly automated, allowing users to
deploy and manage resources with minimal manual intervention.

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CLOUD COMPUTING INTRODUCTION

➢ Sustainability:
Cloud providers are increasingly focused on sustainable practices, such as
energy-efficient data centers and the use of renewable energy sources, to reduce
their environmental impact.
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ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
Advantages:
✓ It is easier to get backup in cloud.
✓ It allows us easy and quick access stored information anywhere and
anytime.
✓ It allows us to access data via mobile.
✓ It reduces both hardware and Software cost, and it is easily maintainable.
✓ One of the biggest advantages of Cloud Computing is Database Security.
Disadvantages:
✓ It requires good internet connection.
✓ Users have limited control on the data.
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APPLICATIONS OF CLOUD COMPUTING
1. ART APPLICATIONS
Cloud computing offers various art applications for quickly and easily
design attractive cards, booklets, and images.
Some most commonly used cloud art applications are given below:
i Moo:
Moo is one of the best cloud art applications. It is used for designing and
printing business cards, postcards, and mini cards.
ii. Vistaprint:
Vistaprint allows us to easily design various printed marketing products such
as business cards, Postcards, Booklets, and wedding invitations cards.
iii. Adobe Creative Cloud:
Adobe creative cloud is made for designers, artists, filmmakers, and other
creative professionals. It is a suite of apps which includes PhotoShop image editing
programming, Illustrator, InDesign, TypeKit, Dreamweaver, XD, and Audition.

2. BUSINESS APPLICATIONS
There are the following business applications of cloud computing -
i. MailChimp
MailChimp is an email publishing platform which provides various options
to design, send, and save templates for emails.
ii. Salesforce
Salesforce platform provides tools for sales, service, marketing, e-
commerce, and more. It also provides a cloud development platform.
iii. Chatter
Chatter helps us to share important information about the organization in
real time.

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CLOUD COMPUTING INTRODUCTION

vi. Paypal
Paypal offers the simplest and easiest online payment mode using a secure
internet account. Paypal accepts the payment through debit cards, credit cards,
and also from Paypal account holders.

3. DATA STORAGE AND BACKUP APPLICATIONS

i. Box.com
Box provides an online environment for secure content management,
workflow, and collaboration.
ii. Mozy
Mozy provides powerful online backup solutions for our personal and
business data. It schedules automatically back up for each day at a specific time.
iii. Joukuu
Joukuu provides the simplest way to share and track cloud-based backup
files. Many users use joukuu to search files, folders, and collaborate on documents.
iv. Google G Suite
Google G Suite is one of the best cloud storage and backup application. It
includes Google Calendar, Docs, Forms, Google+, Hangouts, as well as cloud
storage and tools for managing cloud apps.

4. EDUCATION APPLICATIONS
Cloud computing in the education sector becomes very popular. It offers
various online distance learning platforms and student information portals to the
students.
i. Google Apps for Education
Google Apps for Education is the most widely used platform for free web-
based email, calendar, documents, and collaborative study.
ii. Chromebooks for Education
Chromebook for Education is one of the most important Google's projects. It
is designed for the purpose that it enhances education innovation.
iii. Tablets with Google Play for Education
It allows educators to quickly implement the latest technology solutions into
the classroom and make it available to their students.
iv. AWS in Education
AWS cloud provides an education-friendly environment to universities,
community colleges, and schools.

5. ENTERTAINMENT APPLICATIONS
Entertainment industries use a multi-cloud strategy to interact with the
target audience.
i. Online games
It offers various online games that run remotely from the cloud. The best
cloud gaming services are Shaow, GeForce Now, Vortex, Project xCloud, and
PlayStation Now.

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CLOUD COMPUTING INTRODUCTION

ii. Video Conferencing Apps

It allows us to communicate with our business partners, friends, and
relatives using a cloud-based video conferencing.

6. SOCIAL APPLICATIONS
i. Facebook
Facebook is a social networking website which allows active users to share
files, photos, videos, status, more to their friends, relatives, and business partners
using the cloud storage system..
ii. Twitter
Twitter is a social networking site. It is a micro blogging system. It allows
users to follow high profile celebrities, friends, relatives, and receive news. It
sends and receives short posts called tweets.
iii. Yammer
Yammer is the best team collaboration tool that allows a team of employees
to chat, share images, documents, and videos.
iv. LinkedIn
LinkedIn is a social network for students, fresher, and professionals.
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TRENDS IN CLOUD COMPUTING

Major trends that will grow in this sector in the upcoming years are self-
automation, self-learning, personalized cloud, high data security, and
privacy.
Many cloud service provider companies such as Amazon, Microsoft,
Google, IBM, etc are investing a lot in artificial intelligence and machine learning.

The top cloud computing trends to look out for in 2023 are:
➢ AI and ML,
➢ Edge Computing
➢ Blockchain
➢ IOT-Internet of Things
➢ Kubernetes,
➢ Cloud Security, and more.

AI and ML
▪ Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning are two technologies that are closely
related to cloud computing.
▪ AI and ML services are more cost-effective
▪ Large amounts of computational power and storage space are needed for data
collection and algorithm training.
▪ CC is solution for managing massive volumes of data to improve tech company
productivity.
▪ The key trends that are likely to emerge in this area include increased
automation, self-learning capabilities, greater data security privacy, and more
personalized.
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CLOUD COMPUTING INTRODUCTION

Edge Computing
▪ Edge Computing is one of the biggest trends in cloud computing. Processing the
data whenever it created, to get real time results.
▪ Here, data is stored, processed at the edge of the network, and analyzed
geographically closer to its source.
▪ Edge computing has major benefits which include more privacy, faster data
transmission, security, and increased efficiency.

Blockchain
▪ Blockchain is a linked list of blocks containing records and keeps growing as
users add to it.
▪ Cryptography is used to store data in blocks.
▪ It offers excellent security, transparency, and decentralization.
▪ It can process vast amounts of data and exercise control over documents
economically and securely.

IoT
▪ IoT is a well-known trend in cloud computing.
▪ It is a technology that maintains connections between computers, servers, and
networks.
▪ It functions as a mediator and ensures successful communication and assists in
data collection from remote devices.

Kubernetes
▪ Kubernetes is an extensible, portable, and open-source platform designed
by Google in 2014.
▪ It is mainly used to automate the deployment, scaling, and operations of the
container-based applications across the cluster of nodes.
▪ It is also designed for managing the services of containerized apps using
different methods which provide the scalability, predictability, and high
availability.
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LEADING CLOUD PLATFORM SERVICE PROVIDERS

Cloud Service providers (CSP) provide various services such as:
➢ Software as a Service,
➢ Platform as a service,
➢ Infrastructure as a service,
➢ Network services,
➢ Business applications,
➢ Mobile applications, and
➢ Infrastructure in the cloud.

The cloud service providers host these services in a data center, and users can
access these services through cloud provider companies using an Internet
connection.

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CLOUD COMPUTING INTRODUCTION

Here is a list of my top 10 cloud service providers:

➢ Amazon Web Services (AWS)
➢ Microsoft Azure
➢ Google Cloud
➢ IBM Cloud
➢ Oracle
➢ Salesforce
➢ SAP
➢ Rackspace Cloud
➢ VMWare

Amazon Web Services (AWS):

AWS (Amazon Web Services) is a secure cloud service platform provided
by Amazon.
It offers various services such as
✓ Simple Storage Service,
✓ Computing power,
✓ Content delivery,
✓ Relational Database
✓ Virtual Private Cloud,
✓ EC2,
✓ AWS Data Transfer,
✓ DynamoDB,
✓ Elastic Compute Cloud,
✓ AWS Key Management Service,
✓ AmazonCloudWatch,
✓ Simple Notification Service,
✓ Route 53,
✓ Simple Queue Service,
✓ CloudTrail, and
✓ Simple Email Service.
Features of AWS
▪ Scalable,
▪ Cost-effective
▪ Flexible storage options
▪ Security services such as infrastructure security, data encryption, monitoring &
logging, identity & access control

Microsoft Azure:
▪ Microsoft Azure is also known as Windows Azure.
▪ It supports various services within various categories, including
o Databases,
o Developer Tools,
o DevOps,
o Microsoft Azure Stack,
o Windows Virtual Desktop.

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CLOUD COMPUTING INTRODUCTION

o Operating systems,
o Databases,
o Programming languages,
o Frameworks
▪ Allow IT professionals to easily build, deploy, and manage applications through
a worldwide network.
Features of Microsoft Azure
▪ Scalable,
▪ Cost-effective
▪ Flexible storage options

Google Cloud Platform

Google cloud platform is a product of Google.
It consists of a set of physical devices, such as computers, hard disk drives, and
virtual machines.
Features of Google Cloud
➢ Big data services
➢ Networking
➢ Scalable and high-performance
➢ Server less services such as Messaging, Data Warehouse, Database,
Compute, Storage, Data Processing, and Machine learning (ML).

Rackspace
• Rackspace offers cloud computing services such as,
o hosting web applications,
o Cloud Backup,
o Cloud Block Storage,
o Databases, and
o Cloud Servers.
• The main aim to designing Rackspace is to easily manage private and public
cloud deployments.
• Its data centers operating in the USA, UK, Hong Kong, and Australia.

IBM Cloud Services

▪ IBM Cloud is an open-source, faster, and more reliable platform. It is built with
a suite of advanced data and AI tools.
▪ It offers various services such as Infrastructure as a service, Software as a
service, and platform as a service.
▪ You can access its services like compute power, cloud data & Analytics, cloud
use cases, and storage networking using internet connection.

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CLOUD COMPUTING INTRODUCTION

Company AWS Inc. Microsoft Google

Launch year 2006 2010 2008

Geographical
25 54 21
Regions

Availability
78 140 (countries) 61
Zones

Compute, storage,
Compute, storage, Compute, storage,
mobile, data
database, analytics, databases,
management,
networking, machine networking, big
messaging, media
Key learning, AI, mobile, data, cloud AI,
services, CDN,
offerings developer tools, IoT, management tools,
machine learning and
security, enterprise Identity and
AI, developer tools,
applications, security, IoT, API
security, blockchain,
blockchain. platform
functions, IoT.

Compliance
46 90
Certificates

Q3, 2022
$20.5 billion $20.3 billion $6.8 billion
Revenue

JANHAVI N L, Ass. Prof., Dept. of B.C.A, VVFGC, Tumkur 11