ENGLISH

ADVERBS
 ADVERB
ADVERB
An adverb is that word in a sentence which modifies the meaning of verb
or adjective or another adverb or adverbial phrase.
 ADVERB
TYPES
1. Adverbs of Manner/Quality
2. Adverbs of Place
3. Adverbs of Time
4. Adverbs of Number/Frequency
5. Adverbs of Degree/Quantity
6. Adverbs of Reason
7. Adverbs of Affirmation/Negation
8. Interrogative Adverbs
9. Relative Adverbs
 ADVERB
1) ADVERBS OF MANNER / QUALITY
(How/ In what manner.)

1. He speaks clearly.
2. She sings beautifully.
3. He fought bravely.
 ADVERB
2) ADVERBS OF TIME (WHEN)
Late, tomorrow, early, before, ago, lately, recently, daily, soon, now, yesterday etc...

1. Let us start now.

2. I will do it later.
3. I shall go there tomorrow.
4. We haven't met before.
5. Ram came a few minutes ago.
6. I haven't seen him lately.
 ADVERB
3) ADVERB OF PLACE (WHERE)
Home, here, there, inside, outside, around, abroad, up, down, out,
anywhere, ahead... etc.,

1. They went ahead.

2. I want to go there.
3. I found him nowhere.
4. Please come in.
5. She fell backwards.
6. She looked up. I looked for him everywhere.
 ADVERB
4) ADVERB OF NUMBER / FREQUENCY (HOW OFTEN)
Always, never, sometimes, often, rarely, seldom, often, frequently,
occasionally, once, twice, again... etc.

1. You are always welcome.

2. I have told you twice.
3. We often go there. He seldom comes here.
 ADVERB
5) ADVERBS OF DEGREE/QUANTITY (HOW MUCH/IN WHAT DEGREE)
Very, highly, totally, perfectly, partially, almost, too, fully, pretty, quite, as-
as, altogether.

1.It was very tragic.

2. They were fully prepared.
3. It was too hard. This is good enough.
4. He is entirely right. I have almost finished.
5. She is quite strong.
6. He was rather busy.
 ADVERB
6) ADVERB OF REASON
These show reason.

1. Consequently, he refused to go.

2. Therefore, they decided to boycott the meeting.
3. Hence, I am unable to help you now.
 ADVERB
7) ADVERB OF AFFIRMATION / NEGATION

1. He is certainly right.
2. You are surely mistaken.
3. He is fool indeed. I am not going.
4. I shall probably go.
 ADVERB
8) INTERROGATIVE ADVERBS
These are used for asking questions when, where, how, why etc.

1. When will you go to Delhi? How long will you stay there?
2. Where are you going? Why did you resign?
 ADVERB
9) RELATIVE ADVERBS
Adverbs which refer back to a noun as their antecedent are called Relative
Adverbs.
It connects an Adverbial clause to the main clause.

1. That is the reason why I left.

2. Do you know where the meeting will be held.
3. That was the reason why I called you.
4. That is the spot where the murder was committed.
 ADVERB
RULE 01
The adverbs like 'only, often, just, nearly, hardly, scarcely and almost' must
be placed as near as possible to the verb in order to make the meaning
clear.

1. I only have two hours to finish the work. (Wrong)

2. I have only two hours to finish the work. (Right)
3. She just wants to attend one class. (Wrong)
4. She wants to attend just one class. (Right)
5. This car nearly costs rupees one crore. (Wrong)
6. This car costs nearly rupees one crore. (Right)
 ADVERB
RULE 02
Adverbs of frequency (never, often, usually, always etc.) and other adverbs
like already, almost, just, quite, nearly, hardly are normally put between
subject and verb.

If there is more than one word in the verb they are put after the first word.
1. He often goes to Delhi.
2. I quiet agree with you.
3. She never tells lies.
4. I have already finished my work.
 ADVERB
RULE 03
Adverbs of manner, place and time are usually placed after the verb or
object.

1. He was running slowly.

2. He followed her everywhere.
3. Meena does her work carefully.
4. I met him yesterday.
 ADVERB
RULE 04
If the sentence is introduced by adverb, inverted form of the verb is used for the
sake of emphasis.

1. Seldom he visits his parents. (Wrong)

2. Seldom does he visit his parents (Right)
3. Never I'll see her again. (Wrong)
4. Never will I see her again. (Right)
5. She no sooner reached the station than she met her friend. (Right)
6. She had hardly reached the station when the train arrived. (Right)
 ADVERB
RULE 05
'Ago' is used only when you date back from 'now' (i.e) the time of speaking.
'Before" can be used when you date back form any point of time which is
made specific.

1. I saw him 2 years ago. (Two years before now)

2. I saw him two years before I went to England.
 ADVERB
RULE 06
'Hard' as an adverb means 'diligently'. It usually follows the 'verb'.

1.You must work hard in order to get a job.

'Hardly' when used an adverb means 'scarcely', 'barely'. It conveys a
negative meaning.
2.Hardly had we reached the station when the train left.
'Scare' as an adjective means 'not plentiful' hard to find 'not often found".
3.Coal has become scarce in England.
'Scarcely as an adverb means 'hardly'.
4.I can scarcely hear you.
 ADVERB
RULE 07
Split Infinitive Don't put an adverb between to and V1.
1. He refused to quickly do the work.(Wrong)
2. He refused to do the work quickly. (Right)
3. He wanted to carefully read the instructions instructions. (Wrong)
4. He wanted to read the instructions carefully.(Right)
 ADVERB
RULE 08
Two negatives destroy each other. Hence two negatives should not be used
in the same sentence.

1. I have not got none.(Wrong)

2. I have not got any.(Right)
3. I couldn't find it now here.(Wrong)
4. I couldn't find it any where.(Right)
5. The teacher forbade me not to go.(Wrong)
6. The teacher forbade me to go. (Right)
 ADVERB
RULE 09
Cowardly, miserly, niggardly - adverb
Manly, masterly, slovenly, monthly, weekly, sickly, friendly, orderly,
gentlemanly - adverb
'Loudly' and 'Aloud' -Adverb
Fast, straight, outright, direct, hard, hardly, late, 'light, high, safe, quiet etc
Late, Lately, Hard, Hardly - Adverb
 ADVERB
RULE 09
1. A soldier is trained never to fight cowardly. (Use 'in a cowardly manner")
2. He is earning five hundred rupees monthly. (Say 'a month')
3. She is doing this work good these days. (Say 'well' for 'good")
4. We must try to preserve hardly won freedom. (Use 'hard' in place of
"hardly")
 ADVERB
RULE 10
The use of 'very, much, so, too, enough, rather'.
'Very' modifies present participle used as adjective, adverb and adjective in
positive degree.
'Much' is used with comparative degree and past participle.
 ADVERB
RULE 10
1. It is a much interesting picture. (Use 'very' in place of 'much')
2. I was very exhausted in the evening (Use 'much' in place of 'very")
'So' and 'too' should not be used 'that' (Adverb clause) and 'to' (infinitive)
respectively.
'Very' and 'much' may be used in the place of so and too.
 ADVERB
RULE 10
1. My brother is so healthy. (Use 'very' in place of 'so")
2. She is very kind. (Here 'very' means to a great extent')
'So' and 'too' should not be used without ‘that' (Adverb clause) and 'to'
(Infinitive) respectively.
‘Very' and 'much’ may be used in the place of so and too.
 ADVERB
RULE 10
'Enough' is both an adjective and adverb. As an adverb it is always placed
after the adjective it modifies. As an adjective it is placed before a noun.

1. He has enough wise to allow her son to go.

 ADVERB
RULE 10
The use of "rather
'Rather' is an adverb of degree like fairly, quite, pretty (to some degree).
1.She is rather intelligent
2.He is walking rather slowly
 ADVERB
RULE 10
'Rather' can also be used before a noun.
1.It is rather a nuisance
2.It is rather a good step

'Rather' is also used in case of preference.

‘would rather, had rather, rather than' are used to express preference
 ADVERB
RULE 11
Note the difference between too, as well, also.
'Too, as well, also’, are used in the sense of ‘besides', 'in addition to' in
affirmative sentences.
But ‘also' cannot be used at end position.
1. She found her bag and money too/as well.
2.She plays the piano and the harmonium as well/too.
 ADVERB
RULE 11
So+ auxiliary + subject is used in affirmative sentences in relation to two
persons doing one action
She won the prize and so did her sister. (win)
His wife plays piano and so does he. (play)
 ADVERB
RULE 11
Neither + auxiliary+ subject is used in negative sentences in relation to two
persons doing one action.
1.He does not write well and neither do I.
2.She will not lend money and neither will he.
 ADVERB
RULE 12
While answering a question the adverb 'yes' or 'no' should be used
according to the affirmative and negative answer.

1. Have you taken food?

2. Yes, I have not taken so far? (Use 'No' in place of 'Yes')
 ADVERB
RULE 13
Adverb 'as' should be used to introduce predicative of the verbs regard,
describe, define, treat, view, know.
1.I regard him my brother. (Add 'as' after "him")
2.Science has been defined the study of nature (Add 'as' after 'defined")

Adverb 'as' should be avoided to introduce predicative of the verbs name,

elect, think, consider, call, appoint, make, choose.
 ADVERB
RULE 14
In the phrase "Too much", ‘Too' is an adverb and 'much' is an adjective.
"Too much" is used before a noun; as,
1.He has too much difficulty. (Right)
2. He has much too difficulty (Wrong)
 ADVERB
RULE 14
'Much too' is not used before an adjective.
'Too much' is not used before an adjective.

In the phrase “Much too’’, 'Much' is an adverb and ‘Too’ is also an adverb.
'Much Too' is used before an adjective; as,
1.He is much too jealous. (Right)
2.He is too much jealous. (Wrong)