APPLIED ELECTRONICS

COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE & INSTRUMENTATION

CATEGORY L T P CREDITS
AET305
AND EMBEDDED SYSTEMS PCC 3 1 0 4

Preamble: This course aims to impart knowledge of basic computer architecture, microcontroller
and embedded programming

Prerequisite: ECT203 Logic Circuit Design & EST102 Programming in C

Course Outcomes: After the completion of the course the student will be able to

Explain the processor architecture and operation. K2

CO 1
CO 2 Explain the architecture of 8051 microcontroller. K2

CO 3 Develop programs using assembly language 8051. K3

CO4 Develop Programming concepts of Embedded programming in C. K3

CO5 Explain the concepts of RTOS based embedded system. K2

Mapping of course outcomes with program outcomes

PO 1 PO PO 3 PO 4 PO 5 PO 6 PO 7 PO 8 PO 9 PO PO PO
2 10 11 12
CO 1 3 3 3
CO 2 3 3 3
CO 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
CO 4 3 3 3 3 3 3
CO5 3 3 3

Assessment Pattern

Bloom’s Category Continuous Assessment End Semester Examination

Tests
1 2

Remember K1 10 10 10
Understand K2 30 30 60
Apply K3 10 10 30
Analyse K4
Evaluate
Create

Mark distribution

Total CIE ESE ESE Duration

Marks
150 50 100 3 hours
 APPLIED ELECTRONICS & INSTRUMENTATION
Continuous Internal Evaluation Pattern:

Attendance : 10 marks
Continuous Assessment Test (2 numbers) : 25 marks
Assignment/Quiz/Course project : 15 marks

End Semester Examination Pattern: There will be two parts; Part A and Part B. Part A
contain 10 questions with 2 questions from each module, having 3 marks for each
question. Students should answer all questions. Part B contains 2 questions from each
module of which student should answer any one. Each question can have maximum 2 sub-
divisions and carry 14 marks.

Course Level Assessment Questions

Course Outcome 1 (CO1): Explain the processor architecture and operation.

1. Write the sequence of elementary operations required to execute an instruction
a. Sub (R4), R3
b. Add (R4), R1

Course Outcome 2 (CO2): Explain the architecture of 8051 microcontroller.

2. Draw the memory map and briefly explain the memory organization for 128 byte
internal RAM of 8051 microcontroller.

Course Outcome 3 (CO3): Develop programs using assembly language 8051.

3. Develop following programs for 8051
a. Program to convert the ASCII number into unpacked BCD.
b. Program to swap a number 0 x ab to 0 x ba, where a and b are hex digits.
c. Program to find the number of 1’s in an 8-bit data item.
d. Program to display ‘M’ and ‘E’ on the LCD connected to 8051 using the BUSY
FLAG.
e. Program to rotate a stepper motor 500 in the clockwise direction.
f. Program to toggle pin P1.4 every second using interrupts for a frequency of 22
MHz. Use timer 1 in mode 1.
g. Program to generate a square wave of 1 kHz with duty cycle 33%. Use timer 1 in

interrupt mode with a crystal frequency of 11.0592 MHz.

 APPLIEDconcepts
Course Outcome 4 (CO4): Develop Programming ELECTRONICS & INSTRUMENTATION
of Embedded programming in C.
4. The following examples may be solved in C program
a. Program to convert the ASCII number into unpacked BCD.
b. Program to swap a number 0 x ab to 0 x ba, where a and b are hex digits.
c. Program to find the number of 1’s in an 8-bit data item.

Course Outcome 4 (CO5): Explain the concepts of RTOS based embedded system.
5. What are the functional and non functional requirements that needs to be analysed while
choosing an RTOS.

SYLLABUS
Module 1: Computer Arithmetic and Processor Basics
Functional units of a computer, Von Neumann and Harvard computer

architectures,. Processing unit- Fundamental concepts, Execution of a complete Instruction, Hardwired

Control, Multiple Bus organization, other enhancements Microprogrammed control. Number
representations - Fixed and floating point-number representation, Arithmetic operations on floating
point numbers

Module 2: 8051 Architecture

Microcontrollers and Embedded Processors. Architecture – Block diagram of 8051, Pin
configuration, Registers, Internal Memory, Timers, Port Structures, Interrupts. Assembly

Language Programming - Addressing Modes, Instruction set of 8051, Simple programming examples in
assembly language.

Module 3: Programming and Interfacing of 8051

Interfacing with 8051 using Assembly language programming: LED, Seven segment LED display..
Interfacing of Keyboard, Stepper Motor and DAC -- with 8051 and its programming.
8051 Timers/Counters - Modes and Applications

Module 4: Embedded programming

Introduction to Embedded Systems: Definition of Embedded System, Embedded Systems Vs General
Computing Systems. Programming concepts of Embedded programming in C Program Elements,
Macros and functions - Use of Pointers - NULL Pointers - Use of Function Calls – Multiple function
calls in a Cyclic Order in the Main Function Pointers – Function Queues and Interrupt Service Routines
Queues Pointers

Module 5: RTOS Based Embedded System

RTOS Based Embedded System Design: Operating System Basics, Types of Operating Systems, Tasks,
Process and Threads, Multiprocessing and Multitasking, Task Scheduling. How to Choose an RTOS
Text Books APPLIED ELECTRONICS & INSTRUMENTATION
1. V. Carl Hamacher, Zvono G. Vranesic, Safwat G. Zaky Computer Organization.
McGraw-Hill International Editions
2. Muhammed Ali Mazidi & Janice Gilli Mazidi, R.D. Kinley, The 8051
microcontroller and Embedded System, Pearson Education, 2nd edition.Robert
3. Shibu K.V, Introduction to Embedded Systems, Mc Graw Hill
Reference Books
1. Computer organization and design: The Hardware/Software interface/David A.Patterson,
John L. Hennessy. — 5th ed.
2. Mano M M, Computer System Architecture, 3rd Ed, Prentice Hall of India.
3. Wayne Wolf, Computers as Components: Principles of Embedded Computing System
Design – Harcourt India, Morgan Kaufman Publishers, First Indian Reprint 2001
4. Lyla B Das, Embedded Systems An Integrated Approach, Pearson, 2013
5. Rajkamal, Embedded Systems Architecture, Programming and Design, TATA McGraw-
Hill, First reprint Oct. 2003

Course Contents and Lecture Schedule

No Topic No. of
Lectures
1 Computer Arithmetic and Processor Basics
Functional units of a computer, Von Neumann and Harvard 1
1.1
computer architectures
1.2 Processing unit- Fundamental concepts 1
1.3 Execution of a complete Instruction 2
1.4 Hardwired Control 1
1.5 Multiple Bus organization, Other enhancements 1
1.6 Microprogrammed control 1
1.7 Number representations 1

1.8 Fixed and floating point-number representation 1

Arithmetic operations on floating point numbers 2

1.9

2 8051 Architecture
1
2.1 Microcontrollers and Embedded Processors, Block diagram of 8051

2.2 Pin configuration, Registers 1

2.3 Internal Memory, Port Structures, Interrupts 3

2.4 Addressing Modes 1

2.5 Instruction set of 8051 1

2.6 Programming examples in assembly language 2

3 Programming and Interfacing of 8051

3.1 APPLIED
Programming examples Interfacing with ELECTRONICS & INSTRUMENTATION
8051 using Seven segment 2
LED display

3.2 Interfacing of Keyboard and Stepper Motor 3

3.3 Interfacing of DAC -- with 8051 and its programming. 2

3.4 8051 Timers/Counters - Modes and Applications 3

4 Embedded programming
4.1 Definition of Embedded System, Embedded Systems Vs General 1
Computing Systems.

4.2 Programming concepts of Embedded programming in C Program 2

Elements

4.3 Macros and functions 1

4.4 Use of Pointers - NULL Pointers 1

4.5 Function Calls – Multiple function calls in a Cyclic Order in the Main 2
Function Pointers

4.6 Function Queues and Interrupt Service Routines Queues Pointers 2

5 RTOS Based Embedded System

5.1 Operating System Basics, Types of Operating Systems, 1

5.2 Tasks, Process and Threads 2

5.3 Multiprocessing and Multitasking 1

5.4 Task Scheduling. 1

5.5 How to Choose an RTOS 1

Assignment:
At least one assignment should be simulation of 8051 using KEIL
Model Question paper APPLIED ELECTRONICS & INSTRUMENTATION

APJ ABDUL KALAM TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

FIFTH SEMESTER B.TECH DEGREE EXAMINATION

Course Code: AET305

Program: Applied Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering/ Electronics and Instrumentation

Engineering

Course Name: Computer Architecture and Embedded Systems

Max. Marks: 100 Duration: 3 Hours

PART A

Answer ALL Questions. Each Carries 3 mark.

1. Draw IEEE standard floating point number format with single precision K1

2. What are the sequence of operations and control signals generated, for
fetching a word from memory K3

3. Draw the bit pattern for 8051 flag register (PSW) K1

4. Explain the following instructions K2

MOVX A, @DPTR
DJNZ R0, BACK
DAA

5. Explain TMOD SFR ( Special Function Register) K2

6. How will you generate a 1 ms delay using 8051? K3

7. Compare Embedded System with General Computing System K2

8. How is a pointer different from a NULL pointer? (Any 2 differences) K2

9. Define a thread. What are the advantages of using a multithreaded program K1

10. What are the types of Operating systems K1

PART – B
Answer one question from each module; each question carries 14 marks.

Module – I
 APPLIED ELECTRONICS & INSTRUMENTATION
11. Rules of Arithmetic operations on floating point numbers 6 CO1 K2
a)
11. With diagrams explain the operation of hardwired control 8 CO1 K3
b)

OR
12.a) Explain with a diagram, how a 3 operand instruction is executed in 8 CO1 K2
a 3 bus CPU structure
12.b) With a diagram explain the basic organization of a 6 CO1 K1
microprogrammed control unit

Module – II
13 a) Draw the memory map and briefly explain the memory 8 CO2 K1
organization for 128 byte internal RAM of 8051 microcontroller.
13 b) Write an 8051 assembly language program to add two 64 bit 6 CO3 K3
numbers
OR
14 a) Write a program to find the sum of the values at RAM locations 50 8 CO3 K3
– 54H (5 values) . At the end of the program, register A should
contain the low byte of the sum and R7 the high byte of the sum.
14 b) List the addressing modes of 8051 with proper 6 CO2 K2
examples

Module – III
15 a) Draw a block diagram to interface stepper motor with 8051 with a 14 CO3 K3
step angle of 2 degree. Also write an assembly language program
to rotate a motor 64 degree in clock wise direction. Use 4 step
sequence
OR
16 a) Explain TCON SFR ( Special Function 5 CO2 K1
Register)

16 How a triangular waveform can be generated using 8051? 9 CO3 K3

b)

Module – IV

17 Explain in detail various data structures used in embedded C 10 CO4 K1

a) programming.
17 Write 4 differences between macros and functions. 4 CO4 K2
b)
 APPLIED ELECTRONICS & INSTRUMENTATION
OR
18 Explain a function pointer with syntax, example and uses. 9 CO4 K2
a)
18 Compare pass by value and pass by reference 5 CO4 K2
b)

Module – V

19 a) What are the Functional and Non functional requirements that 10 CO4 K1
needs to be analysed while choosing an RTOS.

19 b) What is the use of a watch dog timer. 4 CO4 K2

OR
20 a) What is meant by task synchronization? Discuss on various task 10 CO4 K2
synchronization issues and solutions in real time systems.

20 b) What is a semaphore? How they are classified? 4 CO4 K1