360 CTE Workshop Proceedings, 2020, Vol. 7: CTE-2019, pp.

360-375

Improving the content of training future translators in

the aspect of studying modern CAT tools

Rostyslav O. Tarasenko1[0000-0001-6258-2921], Svitlana M. Amelina1[0000-0002-6008-3122] and

Albert A. Azaryan2[0000-0003-0892-8332]
1National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine,
15 Heroiv Oborony Str., Kyiv, 03041, Ukraine
[email protected], [email protected]
2 Kryvyi Rih National University, 11 Vitalii Matusevych Str., Kryvyi Rih, 50027, Ukraine

[email protected]

Abstract. The article deals with the search for improving the content of training
for future translators, taking into account the expansion of the use of information
technologies in the field of translation. The results of a study of curriculums for
translators at the universities of Europe, America and Asia are presented. The use
of CAT systems in the work of translation agencies is shown. The presentation
of various CAT systems in training programs for translators and their use in the
market of translation services is analyzed. It has been established that both
university curricula and translation agencies are oriented, as a rule, not to one,
but to several CAT systems. The results of a student survey based on their
practice in translation agencies are presented. Recommendations have been
developed regarding the inclusion of the most common CAT systems in the
training program for translators. The expediency of studying not just one, but
several CAT systems is substantiated. The necessity of studying both desktop and
cloud CAT systems is indicated.

Keywords: Information Technology; CAT system; Translator.

1 Introduction

1.1 Statement of the problem

The powerful development of the modern translation industry is largely due to the use
of the latest tools and technologies, which are mainly based on the use of information
technologies. In particular, the development of a number of separate groups of
specialized software made it possible, to significantly increase the efficiency and
quality of work not only of translators, but also of translation agencies, which began to
use them as the main toolkit. First, it became possible due to:

─ optimization of technological processes that underlie the implementation of certain

translation projects;

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Copyright © 2020 for this paper by its authors. Use permitted under Creative Commons License
Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).
CTE Workshop Proceedings, 2020, Vol. 7: CTE-2019, pp. 360-375 361

─ effective use of terminological resources organized in such a special way that they
not only affect the speed of the translation process, but also ensure its high quality;
─ implementation of new approaches to organizing the work of the team of specialists
involved in work on translation projects, based on the collective access of all
participants to terminological resources, interactive interaction among themselves of
managers, translators and editors to distribute the task, meeting the deadlines for its
completion, quality of work, and the formation of the final product etc.

Achieving these advantages due to the use of modern tools in the process of carrying
out translation activities is possible only through appropriate training of specialists for
the effective use of these tools, which are directly involved at each technological stage
of translation projects.

1.2 The purpose of the article

The purpose of the article is to consider the possibilities of improving the training of
future translators, taking into account the use of modern information technologies, in
particular CAT systems, in the translation activity; definition of those CAT systems,
the study of which is advisable in the program of training translators at universities. For
this purpose, an analysis of the study of CAT systems at universities and their use in
the work of translation agencies is presented.

1.3 Literature review

Many authors are of the opinion that dealing with CAT applications is not always easy;
it requires an increased concentration in learning.
Milan Pišl claims that commercial translation is no longer an individual contract
awarded on the open market, but rather an extensive project with different project roles.
In doing so, they are largely subject to the rules of project management - the
computerized approach allows a detailed overview of detailed translation statistics,
timelines, percentage of work distribution, etc. Based on this coherent information, the
translators are financially rewarded by the clients [10]. In particular, as other authors
describe, this is based on the development and application of terminological data
processing [2; 3]. Silvia Cerrella Bauer emphasizes that any terminology management
project typically pursues goals of a quantitative and qualitative nature, including:
harmonizing the content (print, digital) in the source and target language, increasing
translation quality, promoting the organization’s corporate language, strengthening a
consistent and distinct organization image, reducing authoring and translation costs,
reducing/avoiding customer complaints, shortening release deadlines (software,
publications) [2].
Joss Moorkens, Sheila Castilho, Federico Gaspari and Stephen Doherty made an
attempt to bring together research and practice from academic and industry settings and
a combination of human and machine translation evaluation [9]. The article by Nicole
Keller highlights the familiarization with a new system and the fast and uncomplicated
handling of documents with corresponding translation-specific problems and thus helps
362 CTE Workshop Proceedings, 2020, Vol. 7: CTE-2019, pp. 360-375

to select the appropriate CAT system [6]. Dealing with marketable translation software
should now be the basic knowledge of any well-trained entry-level translator [10].
In domestic science, scientists (Arnold E. Kiv [7], Serhiy O. Semerikov [8], Vladimir
N. Soloviev [11]) are increasingly paying attention to the use of cloud technologies in
the educational process, it is displayed on the training of specialists in various fields,
and therefore is relevant for the training of translators.
However, specification that is more detailed is required regarding the selection and
study by translators of those tools and technologies that are available on the market of
translation services. In this case, it is advisable to direct a special focus on studying the
question of which particular CA systems are studied in foreign universities and which
are used by translation agencies, to conduct a comparative analysis and identify those
that need to be studied at domestic universities.

2 Results and discussion

In order to effectively master future translators with modern translation tools, the
content of their training should take into account not only an understanding of the
development directions of these tools and the need for their application to increase
translation efficiency, but also a change in the relationship between the customer and
the translation service provider. In particular, more and more customers understand the
main point of using modern tools by translation agencies.
Therefore, more and more often, in the process of agreeing on the conditions for
fulfilling a translation order, issues of cost of work are discussed taking into account
the following points: providing a translation memory base by customers, the presence
of a large number of repetitions in the order text, transferring to the customer along
with the translation the generated translation memory database based on the work done,
providing the customer own terminology base to comply with a single terminology in
the target text and the like. In these circumstances, the future translator should be
prepared for flexible interaction with the customer to determine the optimal conditions
for the execution of the order on mutually beneficial conditions. Such an interaction
can be successful if the future translator is able, based on a deep understanding of both
the technological processes of the execution of the translation order using modern tools,
in particular automated translation systems, and the complexity of performing certain
types of work, to comprehensively assess the wishes of the customer, identify possible
reserves and advantages for yourself taking into account the resources provided by the
customer and offer profitable solutions for the customer.
Taking into account the indicated trends in the market of translation services, the
professional training of future translators at the present stage should be aimed at the
formation of their respective competencies [5; 14] that will ensure successful
professional activity in the conditions of the modern translation industry.
In the process of solving this problem, first, it is necessary to determine a number of
key aspects of the organization of the educational process and the content of the training
translators related to understanding the strategic directions of the development of
CTE Workshop Proceedings, 2020, Vol. 7: CTE-2019, pp. 360-375 363

translation tools and the prospects for their use in professional activities [1; 12]. In
particular, it is extremely important:

─ determination of the list of tools, the study of which should be included in the content
of the training;
─ distribution of the instruments chosen for study between the courses within which
they will be studied;
─ determining the relationship between the same type of alternative tools according to
the criteria of availability, functionality, the need for installation, and the like;
─ distribution of the volume of the training load, which is provided for the study of
selected tools, between courses, modules and topics.

For the successful completion of the first task, one should turn to the international
standard ISO 17100, one of the applications of which lists the groups of software
products that can be used as basic tools for performing translation tasks, in particular
[4]:

─ content management systems (CMSs);

─ authoring systems;
─ desktop publishing;
─ word processing software;
─ translation management systems (TMSs);
─ translation memory (TM) tools and computer aided translation (CAT);
─ quality assurance tools;
─ revision tools;
─ localization tools;
─ machine translation (MT);
─ terminology management systems;
─ project management software;
─ speech-to-text recognition software.

Of course, the study of the above list of specialized software groups in full is impossible
in the process of training a future translator. However, taking into account the indicated
list and relying primarily on the need to study the tools that ensure the implementation
of all technological operations in the implementation of translation projects, we should
select the maximum possible number of software groups for study, as well as determine
the basic software products, on an example of which is better to work out their
functionality. Typical technological operations performed during translation projects
include the following:

─ preparation of source material for translation (scanning and text recognition,

converting files of one format to another, etc.);
─ creation and filling of terminological bases to ensure the uniformity of the translation
of terms and quality control of translations;
─ formation and editing of translation memory databases;
─ translation with connection of terminological databases and translation memory
databases, taking into account the possibility of collective work;
364 CTE Workshop Proceedings, 2020, Vol. 7: CTE-2019, pp. 360-375

─ verification of the quality of the translation;

─ editing the translation.

In accordance with the above list of technological operations, a narrower list of software
groups can be distinguished, which should be included in the training program for
translators, in particular:

─ optical character recognition (OCR) systems;

─ terminology management systems (TMS);
─ aligner systems;
─ computer-aided translation system (САТ);
─ quality assurance (QA) systems;
─ word processors.
It should be noted that some software products included in one of the groups could
provide, depending on their features, several technological operations.
In order to determine the recommended list of software products, on the example of
which it is advisable to study their typical functions within a specific group, the
following analysis was carried out:

─ a list of tools that are included for study in training programs for translators at
universities in Europe, North and South America, Australia;
─ features of the work of translation agencies, which widely use modern tools in their
activities;
─ distribution conditions and characteristics of specialized programs from selected
groups that are available on the software market.

To this end, we analyzed the translator training programs that were presented on the
official websites of the universities for applicants in 2018 and 2019. In the process of
analyzing training programs for translators at 69 universities in the world, it was
revealed that the main focus on the study of translation tools is aimed at studying CAT
systems. The list of CAT systems that are studied at universities in Europe, North and
South America, Australia, are shown in table 1.

Table 1. The list of CAT-systems, the study of which is included in the training programs for
translators at universities.
Universities CAT systems
Europe
Kaunas University of Technology SDL Trados, memoQ, OmegaT, Déjà Vu,
Wordfast Classic
University of Latvia SDL Trados, memoQ, Memsource
Riga Graduate School of Law SDL Trados
University of Malta SDL Trados
University of Bologna SDL Trados, memoQ, OmegaT
Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro SDL Trados, Déjà Vu
Università degli Studi di Torino SDL Trados
Fachhochschule Köln SDL Trados
CTE Workshop Proceedings, 2020, Vol. 7: CTE-2019, pp. 360-375 365

Universities CAT systems

Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg SDL Trados, Across, memoQ, Transit NXT,
Déjà Vu, Wordfast Classic, Memsource
Sprachen & Dolmetscher Institut München SDL Trados, Across
Universität des Saarlandes SDL Trados, Wordbee
Hochschule Zittau/Görlitz SDL Trados, OmegaT
Universität Leipzig SDL Trados, memoQ, Déjà Vu, OmegaT,
MemSource, MateCat
University of Antwerp SDL Trados, Déjà Vu, memoQ, Memsource
The Katholieke Universiteit Leuven SDL Trados, memoQ, Memsource
Université Libre de Bruxelles SDL Trados, memoQ
Universiteit Gent SDL Trados, memoQ
Université de Genève SDL Trados, OmegaT, MateCat
Zürcher Fachhochschule SDL Trados
Budapesti Muszaki és Gazdaságtudományi SDL Trados, memoQ
Egyetem
ELTE University Budapest SDL Trados, memoQ, Memsource
Ionian University, Corfu SDL Trados, Memsource, OmegaT
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki SDL Trados, Wordfast Anywhere, Across,
Déjà Vu
Universidade do Porto SDL Trados, memoQ
Universidade de Coimbra SDL Trados
Instituto Superior de Contabilidade e SDL Trados, memoQ, Transit NXT
Administração do Porto
Universidade Nova de Lisboa SDL Trados, memoQ
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona SDL Trados, memoQ, OmegaT, Memsource
Universidad Alfonso X el Sabio SDL Trados, memoQ, Memsource
Universidad de Alicante SDL Trados, memoQ
Universidad Internacional de Valencia SDL Trados, Wordfast Classic, OmegaT,
MateCat, Memsource
Universidad de Sevilla SDL Trados
Universidad de Cádiz Wordfast Classic
University of Turku SDL Trados, Memsource
Aston University SDL Trados
University of Bath SDL Trados
University of Birmingham SDL Trados
University of Durham SDL Trados, Wordfast Classic
University of Central Lancashire Memsource
University of East Anglia SDL Trados, memoQ
University of Bristol SDL Trados, memoQ, Memsource
University of Edinburgh SDL Trados, Déjà Vu, Wordfast Anywhere
University of Essex SDL Trados, memoQ
University of Leeds SDL Trados, memoQ, Memsource,
OmegaT, MateCat
University of Leicester SDL Trados
University of Roehampton (London) SDL Trados, Memsource
Dublin City University SDL Trados, Memsource
National University of Ireland, Galway SDL Trados
The University of Stirling SDL Trados
Univerzita Karlova v Praze Memsource
366 CTE Workshop Proceedings, 2020, Vol. 7: CTE-2019, pp. 360-375

Universities CAT systems

Adam Mickiewicz University SDL Trados
Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski” SDL Trados, WordFast Anywhere,
Memsource
Université de Bretagne Occidentale SDL Trados, Memsource, memoQ
Université Charles-de-Gaulle Lille SDL Trados, memoQ, Wordbee, Memsource
Université de Toulouse Jean Jaurès SDL Trados
Middlebury Institute of International Studies SDL Trados
Monterey
North America
Glendon College, York University (Toronto) SDL Trados, LogiTerm
University of Massachusetts SDL Trados
University of Illinois SDL Trados
South America
Universidad Latinoamericana de Ciencia y SDL Trados
Tecnología
Universidad de Buenos Aires SDL Trados
Universidad de Belgrano SDL Trados, memoQ
The Federal University of Santa Catarina SDL Trados, MetaTexis, Déjà Vu, Wordfast
Classic, Transit NXT, XTM
Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile SDL Trados, Wordbee
Universidad de Antigua SDL Trados, OmegaT
Australia
Macquarie University SDL Trados, Memsource
The University of New South Wales Memsource, OmegaT, memoQ, XTM
Monash University SDL Trados, Wordfast Anywhere

According to research results, the list of CAT systems selected for study by the
aforementioned universities is quite wide and includes 14 different software products.
It is important that in most universities, students study not one, but several such systems
(see Figure 1).
The diagram shows that only 22 universities that were examined in our study are
limited to studying only one CAT system. Two CAT systems are studied at 24
universities, three at 12 universities, four at 5 universities, five at 3 universities, six are
studied at Universität Leipzig, and seven are studied at The Federal University of Santa
Catarina and Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg.
It is worth noting that in general, more than 30 CAT systems of various developers
are presented on the software market. Despite the significant prevalence and popularity
of desktop CAT systems, the above list contains three belonging to the cloud systems,
in particular, Memsource, Wordfast Anywhere, MateCat. Such CAT systems have
relatively recently appeared on the market for software products, but they are quickly
gaining popularity among freelance translators as well as among translation agencies.
Summarized data on the representation of various CAT systems in university programs
for training translators is shown in Figure 2.
Despite the proprietary license and its rather high cost, SDL Trados is present in
94% of universities (65 out of 69) among the CAT systems chosen for studying. This
situation is due, in our opinion, to the high popularity of this system among translators
and its wide use as the main tool for implementing translation projects with the ability
CTE Workshop Proceedings, 2020, Vol. 7: CTE-2019, pp. 360-375 367

to ensure all standardized stages of the translation process. In addition, according to

representatives of the translation industry, the successful mastery of SDL Trados
provides further free adaptation to the study and use of other CAT systems [15].

30

24
25
22
Number of universities

20

15
12

10
5
5 3
2
1
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Number of CaT systems included in translator training programs

Fig. 1. Quantitative Representation of CAT Systems in University Translation Programs

100% 94%
Percentage of universities where CAT

80%

60%
systems are studied

40% 35% 33%

16% 12%
20% 9% 6% 6% 4% 4% 4%
3% 1% 1%
0%

CAT system

Fig. 2. Representation of CAT systems in translator training programs of universities

A high level of representation in translator training programs belongs to the Memsource

cloud-based CAT system, which is studied at 23 universities (33%). In popularity, it is
second only to SDL Trados and memoQ. This is a testament to the fact that universities
368 CTE Workshop Proceedings, 2020, Vol. 7: CTE-2019, pp. 360-375

direct their efforts to training competitive specialists and take into account the
development trends of the basic tools of a translator. The widespread implementation
of the study of cloud CAT systems is largely due to the relatively high functionality of
these systems for the implementation of translation projects, relatively low cost, the
ability to use via a web browser without the need to install on your computer, the
availability of free versions on an ongoing or temporary basis, etc. [13].
It is worth noting that despite the low popularity of such a CAT system as OmegaT
among translators, almost every seventh university took it for study. A feature of this
system is that it has a free license, and this greatly simplifies its receipt and use in the
educational process. Most likely, this explains its fourth position among the CAT
systems included in the curriculum of universities covered by our study.
In order to determine in our study a list of tools, the study of which should be
included in the content of the training of translators, it is necessary to understand not
only the development trends on this issue in the university environment, but also in the
field of translation. For this purpose, data were analyzed from more than 400 translation
agencies, whose offices are located in Europe, America and Asia. For analysis,
translation agencies were selected, on the web pages of which information was
provided on the names of the CAT systems used by them for the provision of translation
services. As an example, some of these translation agencies are shown in Table 2.

Table 2. The list of CAT systems used by translation agencies for the provision of translation
services.
Translation agencies Country CAT systems
Europe
Intercontact GmbH Schälike Germany SDL Trados, memoQ
KERN AG Germany SDL Trados, Across
Connect-Sprachenservice Germany SDL Trados, memoQ, Across
Regensburg GmbH
EVS Translations Germany SDL Trados, memoQ, Transit
NXT, Across
Translate.Pro Germany SDL Trados, memoQ, Transit
NXT, Across
Oneword Germany SDL Trados, Accross
Text&form GmbH Germany SDL Trados, memoQ, Across,
Memsource, SDL Passolo
Lingo24 (UK) Great Britain Memsource
Gengo Great Britain SDL Trados
RWS Translation services Great Britain SDL Trados
Wolfestone Great Britain Synergy X
Capita Translation and Great Britain SmartMATE
Interpreting
MORNINGSIDE Great Britain SDL Trados, memoQ, Memsource
TRANSLATIONS
ATLAS TRANSLATIONS LTD Great Britain SDL Trados, memoQ
STAR UK Great Britain Transit NXT
Technolex Ukraine SDL Trados, memoQ, Across
CTE Workshop Proceedings, 2020, Vol. 7: CTE-2019, pp. 360-375 369

Translation agencies Country CAT systems

Translatel Ukraine SDL Trados, memoQ, Transit
NXT, Across, Wordfast, SDLX,
Déjà Vu, Idiom, SDL Passolo,
Alchemy CATALYST
МоваСвіт Ukraine SDL Trados, memoQ, Accross,
SDL Passolo, RC-WinTrans
Традос Ukraine SDL Trados
Polilingua Poland SDL Trados, Wordfast, memoQ,
Déjà Vu, Across
VEROLING Translation Agency Poland SDL Trados, memoQ, Memsource,
Across, Déjà Vu, Wordfast
Eurolingo Poland SDL Trados, SDLX, Wordfast,
Transit NXT, Across, Idiom, SDL
Passolo, Alchemy CATALYST
iTrans Translations Poland SDL Trados
KMC GLOBAL SOLUTIONS Poland SDL Trados, memoQ, Wordfast,
Transit NXT, SDLX, Idiom,
Memsource, SDL Passolo
Biuro tłumaczeń Versus Poland SDL Trados, Idiom, Déjà Vu
America
Excel Translations USA SDL Trados, XLCATS,
WorldServer, Transit NXT, Déjà
Vu
U.S. Translation Company USA memoQ, Workbench
APlus Translations Company Canada SDL Trados, Wordfast
BG Communications Canada At the request of our clients, we
International Inc. can perform translations utilizing
their preferred translation software
Asia
Jerome Translations China SDL Trados.
We also use other CAT tools from
time to time.
CCJK Technologies Co., Ltd. China SDL Trados, SDLX, memoQ,
Wordfast, Transit NXT, Alchemy
CATALYST
Beijing E-C Translation Ltd. China SDL Trados
(BEC)

Summarized data on the representation of various CAT systems in translation

agencies are shown in Figure 3.
The analysis of the use of CAT systems by translation agencies showed that the
leader among translation tools of this class is SDL Trados, which is used by more than
80% of agencies. Although by a significant margin from SDL Trados, such systems as
memoQ and Across are still very popular. A fairly high percentage of the prevalence
(16%) of the Memsource cloud CAT system confirms the tendency for translation
agencies to deploy next to desktop systems – the cloud systems.
It is also worth noting that the vast majority of translation agencies use more than
one CAT system, and some of them even up to eight. Some agencies are even ready to
370 CTE Workshop Proceedings, 2020, Vol. 7: CTE-2019, pp. 360-375

fulfill an order on the terms of the customer for the use of a particular CAT system,
which indicates a high level of staff training and a wide range of available software
products of this class.

100%
81%
Percentage of translation agencies

80%
using specified CAT systems

60%
47%
38%
40%
25% 22%
16% 16% 16% 13% 13%
20% 9%

0%

CAT system

Fig. 3. Representation of CAT systems in translation agencies

Considering the fact that recently many translation agencies have begun offering
services for the localization of software products and websites, it is natural to have
appropriate tools in their arsenal. In particular, this is SDL Passolo, the prevalence of
which among the surveyed offices is 16% and Alchemy CATALYST with a lower
representation (9%).
An important indicator of the compliance of the training content of future translators
in the aspect of their training for the use of modern tools in the professional activity is
the analysis of practical training. After studying the course «Information Technologies
in Translation Activities», the content of which included the study of the main stages
of working with CAT systems SDL Trados and Memsurce, future translators at the
National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine can consolidate
their knowledge and skills within the framework of translation and technological
practice. The duration of such practice is 2 weeks. During this time, students had to
complete tasks involving acquaintance with the technology of implementing translation
projects using modern tools, participating in the formation of terminological databases
and translation memory databases, checking the quality of translations, and the like.
Upon completion of the practice, students were offered a questionnaire that contained
5 questions and was aimed at identifying their assessment of the conformity of
knowledge and skills in using CAT systems in translating, acquired in the educational
process of the university, to the real conditions of the translator’s activity in a translation
agency. 47 students participated in the survey, answered the following questions:
CTE Workshop Proceedings, 2020, Vol. 7: CTE-2019, pp. 360-375 371

1. What CAT systems are used in translation agencies that have been identified as the
basis of practice?
2. What CAT systems that are used in translation agencies to provide translation
services did you first meet during your practice?
3. What are the functions of CAT systems that you have mastered in the studying
process, are used in the practical work of translation agencies?
4. What functions of the CAT systems that you mastered during the training process
are not used in the practical work of the translators of the agencies where the practice
was carried out?
5. The study of which CAT systems is necessary in your opinion, first of all, to be
included in the content of the translator’s training in order to maximize his readiness
for professional activity?

Student’s survey results on their assessment of the conformity of knowledge and skills
in the application of CAT systems when performing a translation are shown in table 3.

Table 3. Student’s survey results on their assessment of the conformity of knowledge and skills
in the application of CAT systems when performing a translation.
Answers given
Question Answer options
number %
SDL Trados 44 93,6
memoQ 17 36,2
Across 6 12,8
Question 1 Memsource 10 21,3
Wordfast 12 25,5
Déjà Vu 5 10,6
SDL Passolo 2 4,3
Wordfast 7 14,9
Question 2 memoQ 4 8,5
Déjà Vu 2 4,3
Translation of texts using CAT systems 47 100,0
Creation and filling of terminology databases 45 91,5
Parallel text alignment 8 17,0
Question 3
Creating translation memory databases 22 46,8
Editing translation memory databases 14 29,8
Checking the quality of translations using QA 42 80,9
Creation of terminology databases 2 4,3
Converting terminology databases from one format 36 76,6
to another
Filling terminology databases by extracting dates in 45 100,0
Question 4
texts with extractor programs
Parallel text alignment 39 83,0
Creating translation memory databases 25 53,2
Editing translation memory databases 33 70,2
SDL Trados 47 100,0
Wordfast 9 19,1
Question 5
memoQ 15 31,9
Memsource 32 68,1
372 CTE Workshop Proceedings, 2020, Vol. 7: CTE-2019, pp. 360-375

Answers to question 1 of the questionnaire found predicted results on the prevalence

of various CAT systems in the activities of translation agencies. The leading positions,
as in the case of previous research on studying them in foreign universities and use in
translation agencies, are occupied by the SDL Trados CAT systems (93.6%) and
memoQ (36.2%). Among the most common CAT systems, students also noted the
cloud-based Memsource, the application of which amounted to 21.3%, despite the
relatively limited list of translation agencies that were involved as practice bases. This
indicates a rather rapid advance in the market for translation services of cloud CAT
systems. It is important to note that in practice, students were able to see the use of CAT
systems for a relatively specific type of translation activity related to the localization of
software products. Therefore, 4.3% of the answers regarding the SDL Passolo program
is not a high indicator, but it is an important evidence of the need to study the tools of
this group for future career prospects.
A positive feature of the practice was the familiarity of some students with the new
CAT systems that were not studied in the framework of the course “Information
Technologies in Translation Activities”. The largest number of students (14.3%) noted
in the answers to question 2 about getting to know the Wordfast system, which indicates
its rather high prevalence. Overall, acquaintance of students with the noted new CAT
systems is a positive step, since they could compare them with already known CAT
systems and evaluate the general similarity of the various CAT systems. Such
experience can help to overcome psychological barriers before mastering new tools,
even if necessary independent learning.
Formulating questions 3 and 4 of the questionnaire, we intended to identify the
extent to which the content of the course “Information Technologies in Translation
Activities” covers modern aspects of using CAT systems in the provision of translation
services. It was pleasant to note the high percentage of students' answers, where they
indicated that the vast majority of the functions of CAT systems studied in the course
used in the activities of translation bureaus studied in the course. In particular, the use
of CAT systems in translation was noted by students in 100% of the answers; 91.5% of
responses indicated that students performed operations related to the creation and filling
of terminological databases; verification of translated texts by QA tools became part of
the list of work performed during practice for 80.9% of students.
But a fairly small percentage of students (8%) were able to assess the need to master
such an operation as alignment of parallel texts. This is mainly due to the fact that
translation agencies primarily work either with translation memory databases provided
by the customer, which are based on aligned parallel texts, or these databases are
formed directly in the translation process without alignment operations. These
operations are carried out in those agencies where, at the stages of their activity without
the use of CAT systems, significant volumes of translated texts were accumulated in
certain industries within which they continue to work. Despite this, the functions of
CAT systems that allow alignment of parallel texts are present as separate modules in
almost all powerful desktop systems and embedded in the tools of cloud systems, which
are quite new. This was the reason for the inclusion of the study of the indicated
function of CAT systems in the content of the course.
CTE Workshop Proceedings, 2020, Vol. 7: CTE-2019, pp. 360-375 373

Unfortunately, 100% of students noted that in the translation agencies where the
practice took place, they did not take part in filling the terminology databases by
extracting the terms in the texts with extractor programs, although they mastered this
operation in the educational process using the SDL MultiTerm Extract software
module. Despite the rather specific nature and low prevalence of such a method of
forming terminological bases among translators, we believe that the availability of
specialized tools and the rather high efficiency of such an operation determine the
feasibility of studying it as an element of an entire training system for translators to use
CAT systems. But in order to optimize the priority study of more applicable operations
with the use of CAT systems, it is better to make studies on filling terminological
databases by extracting terms in texts in independent work.
An additional confirmation of the correctness or incorrectness of the choice of a
strategy for studying one desktop and one cloud-based CAT system, in particular SDL
Trados and Memsource, as part of the course “Information Technologies in Translation
Activities”, should have been students' answers to questions 5 of the questionnaire.
It is important to note that 100% of the answers showed the need to include in the
training of the translator the study of the desktop SDL Trados system. The interest in
the mandatory study of the Memsource system is confirmed by 68.1% of the answers,
which, as in the previous case, coincides with our vision of the prospects of these
software products as the main tools. The fact that students highly appreciated the
importance of studying systems such as memoQ (31.9%) and Wordfast (19.1%),
encourages the search for ways to improve the content and organization of translator
training, which will expand the range of capabilities of future specialists when
translating from using various CAT systems.

3 Conclusions

Studies aimed at identifying the development trends of translation technologies and

tools should ensure that the professional training of translators is consistent with
industry trends, and the process of its design should contribute to a flexible response to
modern challenges. Considering that one of the main tools of a translator in modern
conditions of technical translation is CAT systems, the content and organization of
training of future translators should ensure their quality training in the aspect of its
study.
Based on the analysis of translator training programs at universities around the
world, research on the activities of translation agencies for the provision of translation
services and our own experience in the development of the content of translator training
in the aspect of studying modern CAT systems, it is advisable to take into account the
following features:

─ to offer for study the most popular in the industry and the most technologically
efficient CAT systems, in particular SDL Trados, memoQ, Memsource and others,
among which should be both desktop and cloud.
─ to apply various forms and methods of organizing the educational process in order
to include at least three leading CAT systems in the training content, since the
374 CTE Workshop Proceedings, 2020, Vol. 7: CTE-2019, pp. 360-375

development trends of the activities of translation agencies lie in the plane of

expanding the range of automated translation systems in the provision of services in
order to maximize customer satisfaction.
─ to improve the content of teaching curriculum courses by orienting the
implementation of practical tasks related to translation, structuring terminological
data, aligning parallel texts using the functions of specialized software, primarily
CAT systems.

Further research can be aimed at identifying the features of the study of other translator
tools in the process of their professional training.

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