HOA REVIEWER

PHILIPPINE STYLES (VSAPC)

1. VERNACULAR ( ASIAN TRADITIONS )
2. SPANISH COLONIAL ( EUROPEAN TRADITIONS
3. AMERICAN COLONIAL (EURO AMERICAN TRADITIONS)
4. POST-INDEPENDENCE (POST COLONIAL)
5. CONTEMPORARY (NEW MILLENIUM)
VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE
 DERIVED FROM THE LATIN VERNACULUS MEANING “DOMESTIC, NATIVE,
INDEGENOUS”
 BASED ON LOCAL NEEDS AND CONSTRUCTIOM MATERIALS, REFLECTING LOCAL
TRADITIONS
 EVOLVES OVER TIME REFLECTING TO THE CONTEXT IN WHICH IT EXISTS

HISTORY OF AUSTRANESIA
 IMMIGRANTS OF MALAY ORIGIN, FOOD GATHERERS AND HUNTERS
 3000 BC, JOINED BY ADVANCED AGRICULTURAL RACE FROM INDONESIA
 BARANGAYS = TRIBAL SYSTEM
 CONVERTED TO ISLAM IN 1300 AD
 TRADE CENTER OF THE ORIENT

NAME
MA-I = DESCRIPTION OF THE PEOPLES
 COUNTRY OF THE BLACKS (CHINESE LOCAL NAME)
 ALL OF THE SOUTH SEA ISLAND GROUPS AND MANILA
 CONSIST OF THE “SANZHOU” (THREE ISLANDS)
- KIA-MA-YEN = CALAMIAN
- BALAWANG = PALAWAN
- PA-KI-NUNG = BUSUANGA
OTHER ISLANDS:
- PAI-P’U-YEN = BABUYAN
- P’U-LI-LU = POLILLO
- LIM-KIA-TUNG = LINGAYEN
- LIU-SUNG = LUZON
- LI-BAN = LUBANG
OTHER NAMES OF THE PHILIPPINES:
LAS ISLAS DE SAN LAZARO = ST. LAZARUS’ ISLANDS
LAS ISLAS DE PONIENTE = ISLAND TO THE WEST
PERLA DE ORIENTE / PERLA DEL MAR DE ORIENTE = PEARL OF THE ORIENT / SEAS
LAS ISLAS FELIPENAS = PHILIPPINE ISLAND (ISLAND BELONGING TO PHILIP)
LAS ISLAS FILIPINAS / FILIPINAS – PHILIPPINES

EARLY SHELTERS
 CAVES
 LEAN-TO-SHELTERS (/)
 ARBOREAL SHELTERS (TREE HOUSES)
FACTORS IN HOUSE BUILDING
 AVAILABLE RESOURCES (MATERIALS)
 CLIMATE (TROPICAL)
 GEOGRAPHY (AUSTRANESIA)
CHARACTER
 TROPICAL DESIGN
 OPEN
 LIGHT (MOVEABLE AND EARTHQUAKE PROOF)
 STILTED
 THATCHED,PITCHED ROOF
 MONSOONAL AND AQUATIC BASED WAY OF LIFE
BUILDING MATERIALS
 TIMBER
 BAMBOO
 THATCH
 FIBERS

VERNACULAR HOUSES:
IVATAN HOUSE (SINADUMPARAN)
 THICK STONE+ MORTAR WALLS (LIMESTONE WALLS)
 GABLE OR HIP ROOFS
 NORTH-SOUTH ORIENTATION
  ONE WINDOWLESS WALL FACING STRONG WINDS)

ISNEG (BINURON)
 RECTANGULAR PLAN
 ROOF FRAMING INDEPENDENT FROM FLOOR FRAMEWORK
 HIGH GABLE ROOF REPRESENTING TO A SHAPE OF A BOAT

KALINGA (BINAYON)
 OCTAGONAL PLAN
 THREE DIVIDED FLOORINGS, LOWEST IN CENTER

KANKANAY
 IFUGAO HOUSE
 MADE OF NARRA OR PINE

BONTOC
 HOUSE WITHIN A HOUSE
 SHELTER FOR PEOPLE/RICE/CHICKEN/ AND PIGS

IFUGAO
 BUILT ON RICE TERRACES NEAR A SPRING OR GROVE “BULUI”
 ENTRY FACES DOWN SLOPE
 2 YR CONSTRUCTION DISMANTLED IN A DAY
 “HAGABI” = PRESTIGE BENCH OF UPPER CLASS

IFUGAO (FALE)
 SQUARE PLAN
 PYRAMIDAL OR CONICAL ROOF
 WINDOWLESS
 HALIPAN – RATGUARD ( 1.2 TO 1.8M FROM GROUND
 12 TO 15 SQM

Remember the Parts of the Bahay na bato and what the parts are called in spanish. There will be 15-20 items
about it
BAHAY KUBO
  CUBE HOUSE
 3 TO 4 METERS
 POST & LINTEL
 STEEPLY PITCHED THATCHED ROOF
 VOLUMNOUS ROOF ACTIVITY ( TO COMBAT HUMIDITY )
 PILE FOUNDATION ( FLOODING + UNDERFLOOR VENTILATION
 NIPA OR SAWALI WALL SIDING (HERRINGBONE DESIGN)
VASTU SHASTRA AND FENG SHUI = PROPER ORIENTATION
BAHAY NA BATO ROOFING MATERIAL = CLAY = STRONGER AND MORE WATER PROOF
BAHAY NA BATO WINDOWS = CAPIZ SHELLS = SHELLS ARE TRANSLUCENT = ALLOW LIGHT
AND LIMIT HEAT, ALSO PROVIDING PRIVACY
BAHAY NA BATO VENTILATION = VENTANILLAS = AIRVENTS UNDER THE WINDOWS, BETTER
CIRCULATION OF AIR
MINDANAO
BADJAO (PALAW)
 SEA GYPSIES
 BOAT DWELLERS
 ORIGINATED FROM ZAMBOANGA, BASILAN, JOLO PROVINCES
 SAMA DILAUT ( PEOPLE OF THE OCEAN )
PALAW
 PERMANENT DWELLING
 “HARUN” (LADDER) = SERVES AS WASH AREA
 MIRRORS = NUMBER OF CHILDREN
DAPANG
 VINTA
 HOUSE BOAT
LEPA
 FASTER HOUSE BOAT
JENGNING
 BIGGER HOUSEBOAT
SAMAL
 “PANTAN” OR PORCH, ORIENTED TOWARDS THE EAST

TAUSUG (BAY SINUG)

 PEOPLE OF THE CURRENT
 “TAU GIMBA” – LAND PEOPLE
 “TAU HIGAD” – ALONG THE SEA
YAKAN (LUMAH)
 DOORS FACES EASY
 SAPLAW = STEEP PITCHED ROOF
 TANDIWAN = WINDOW
PARTS OF YAKAN
 “KOKAN/TINDAKAN” = MAIN HOUSE
 “KOSINA” = KITCHEN
 “PANTAN/SIMPEY” = PORCH

MARANAO
  PEOPLE OF THE LAKE
LAWIG
 SMALL HOUSES
 FOR SLEEPING
MALA-A-WALAI
 LARGE HOUSES
 WITHOUT PANOLONG
 OKIR DECORATION
 BAMBOO FENCED PORCH MARKS FAÇADE
TOROGAN
 HOUSE FOR SULTANS & DATUS
 ARRANGED IN A LINE ALONG A RIVER
 “PANOLONG” = CARVED BEAM POTRUDING IN FRONT OF THE HOUSE
 “OKIR” = GEOMETRIC AND FLOWING DESIGN
Try to remember what the churches look like. You will identify some of them
ISLAMIC MOSQUES
 SHELKN KARIMAL MAKDUM MOSQUE
- GREEN / WHITE FAÇADE ( 5 ARCS LANCETS (ARCs) IN FRONT )
 TALUKSANGAY MOSQUE
- 2 TOWERS WITH ONIONS ON TOP
 KING FAISAL MOSQUE
- SQUARE WINDOWS , LARGE DOME ROOF
 SADUC MOSQUE
- 1 LARGE TOWER, 1 SHORT TOWER, LARGE DOME ROOF WITH LINES, FULL OF
ARCS
 BLUE MOSQUE
- SIMPLE, 1 LARGE TOWER, BOXY, SMOOTH DOME AT RIGHT
 GOLDEN MOSQUE
- BALL LIKE ROOF WITH MOON SYMBOL

PHILIPPINE ARCHITECTURE IN THE SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

TIMELINE
1595 – MIGUEL DE LEGAZPI TOOK PH
1571 – RAJA SULAIMAN (CHIEFTAIN OF MANILA) LEFT
1583 – FIRE OF MANILA (CONSTRUCTION)

REDUCCION
 RESETTLEMENT POLICY BY THE SPANIARDS
BAJOS DE LAS CAPANAS (UNDER THE BELLS)
 COMPACT VILLAGES / TOWNS NEAR CHURCHES
 WITHIN HEARING DISTANCE OF CHURCH BELLS

LAWS OF THE INDIES

 1573 ROYAL ORDINANCE OF KING PHILIP II
 BODY OF LAWS ISSUED BY THE SPANISH CROWN
 COMPOSED OF MYRIAD DECREES
 148 REGULATIONS
 PLAN IS MADE CENTERED ON PLAZA MAYOR (MAIN SQUARE) OF SIZE WITHIN
SPECIFIED LIMITES
  QUADRICULA = 12 STRAIGHT STREETS IN RECTILINEAR GRID
 DIRECTION OF STREETS ARE ACCORDING TO PREVAILING WINDS TO PROTECT THE
PLAZA MAYOR
 ONE HOSPITAL NON CONTAGIOUS (NEAR CHURCH) ONE FOR CONTAGIOUS ( FURTHER
AWAY)

BOOK IV OF 1680 (TOWN PLANNING) (READ IN PPT)

PACQUIAO – CHINESE CONTRACTUAL SYSTEM

POLO Y SERVICIO – TAX SYSTEM – MALES REQUIRE 40 DAYS OF SERVICE ANNUALLY
 IN 1857, REDUCED TO 15 DAYS ANNUALLY

SOCIAL STRUCTURE
1. PENINSULARES
2. INSULARES
3. SPANISH MESTIZOS
4. PRINCIPALIA
5. CHINESE MESTIZOS
6. CHINESE
7. INDIOS

SPANISH COLONIAL ARCHITECTURE

  FORTS
 CHURCHES
 CIVIC BUILDINGS
 DOMESTIC STRUCTURES

FORTRESS ARCHITECTURE
 BASTION SYSTEM
 BASTIONS ( PROTRUDING PRECINCTS AT ALL CORNERS)
 POLYGONAL WALLS
o 3 SIDED OR MORE
o CORTINAS 3 TO 10M THICK WALLS
 CASA MATAS ( STONE LANDINGS FOR ARTILLERY WEAPONS )
 BALUARTES/BASTIONES ( 4-SIDED BULWARKS )
 GARITAS (TURRETS FOR SENTINELS)
 FOZO (MOAT)
 REVELLINE (RAVELIN)
INTRAMUROS
 LATIN: “WITHIN THE WALLS”
 16TH CENTURY “WALLED CITY”
 1951 RECONSTRUCTION, NATIONAL HISTORICAL MONUMENT
PUERTAS (GATES) :
 PUERTA ALMACENES
 PUERTA DE LA ADUANA
 PUERTA DE SANTO DOMINGO
 PUERTA ISABEL II
 PUERTA DEL PARIAN
 PUERTA REAL
 PUERTA STA. LUCIA
 PUERTA DEL POSTIGO

FUERZA DE SAN PEDRO

 CEBU
 SMALLEST (2,025 SQM) OLDEST FORT IN THE COUNTRY
 1738 CONSTRUCTED TO REPEL MUSLIM RAIDERS
o WALLS: 6.1M H X 2.4M T
o TOWERS: 9.1M HIGH

FUERZA DE NUESTRA SENORA DEL PILAR

 ZAMBOANGA
 1718 RECONSTRUCTION
  RENAMED THE REAL FUERZA DE NUESTRA SENORA DEL PILAR DE ZAMBOANGA
 NOW MARIAN SHRINE
 NATURAL CULTURAL TREASURE

ECCLESIASTIAL ARCHITECTURE
CHARACTER
 LIGHT MATERIAL
 HIGH PITCHED ROOF
 RAISED FLOOR
 RECTANGULAR NAVE
 RECTANGULAR OR CRUCIFORM PLAN
o KEY (TAYABAS)
o GREEK CROSS (OTON)

MATERIAL
 ADOBE STONE
 CORALLINE LIMESTONE
 BRICK
 BUTTRESS
 MORTAR

PARTS OF A CHURCH
ALTAR MAYOR – MAIN ALTAR
SAGRARIO – TABERNACLE
PULPITO – ELEVATED STRUCTURE TO AMPLIFY AUDIO OF HOMILY
ALTARES MINORES – SIDE ALTAR
RETABLO – ALTAR SCREEN
KORO – CHOIR LOFT
POSTIGO – SUB DOORS
TRIBUNAS – SCREENED GALLERY
CONVENTO – PARISH HOUSE
GLORIETTA – GAZEBOS INFRONT OF CHURCH
CAMPO SANTO – GRAVEYARD

OUR LADY OF MT. CARMEL PARISH (BELL TOWER, 2 SEMI CIRCLE WINDOWS, BIG CIRCLE
CENTER)
 BARASOAIN, BULACAN
 COMBINED ROMANESQUE AND RENAISSANCE
 BUILT BY FR. MELCHOR FERNANDEZ (1630)
 FOUNDED BY AUGUSTINIAN PRIESTS (1859)
 MOST IMPORTANT RELIGIOUS BUILDING IN THE PHILIPPINES
 SITE OF THE DECLARATION OF THE FIRST PHILIPPINE REPUBLIC

NUESTRA SENORA DEL SANTISSIMO ROSARIO DE MANAOAG (1 BOX TOWER NA PARANG USB)
 MANAOAG, PANGASINAN
 RESTORATION BY FR. ROQUE RUANO

CATHEDRAL BASILICA OF THE IMMACULATE CONCEPTION (DINRAWING KO)

 MANILA CATHEDRAL
 RESTORED BY AR. FERNANDO OCAMPO
 NEO ROMANESQUE

SAINT AGUSTINE CHURCH (TRIANGLE CHURCH)

 PAOAY, ILOCOS NORTE
 COMPLETED 1710
 24 BUTTRESSES (1.67M THICK)
 UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE LIST

ST. WILLIAM CATHEDRAL (CHESS PIECES)

 LAOAG, ILOCOS NORTE
 1612
 SINKING BELL TOWER
 ITALIAN RENAISSANCE
NUESTRA SENORA DELA ASUNCION CHURCH (THICK ARC SIDE ENTRANCE)
 STA. MARIA, ILOCOS SUR
 EARTHQUAKE BAROQUE

SAINTS PETER AND PAUL PARISH CHURCH (VERY TRIANGLE ROOF)

 CALASIAO, PANGASINAN
 BAROQUE
 SECOND BEST BELL TOWER
ST. JOSEPH PARISH CHURCH (BAMBOO PLANT)
 HOME OF THE BAMBOO ORGAN
SANTO TOMAS DE VILLANUEVA CHURCH ( OA FRONT FAÇADE )
 MIAG-AO ILOILO
 BAROQUE ROMANESQUE
 PROFUSE CARVING DISPLAYING FILIPINO FOLK ART IN FORM OF STYLIZED COCONUT
TREE WITH ST. CHRISTOPHER CARRYING THE CHILD JESUS
ST. JEROME PARISH CHURCH (SINGLE TOWER WITH GARGOYLES)
 MORONG RIZAL
 FR. BLAS DELA MADRE
 SPANISH BAROQUE
STA. MONICA PARISH CHURCH (2 SAINTS IN FRONT)
 PANAY, CAPIZ
 OLDEST CHURCH IN PANAY
 FIL-COLONIAL BAROQUE WITH NEO-CLASSICAL INFLUENCE
 LARGEST BELL IN ASIA
 NATIONAL CULTURE TREASURE
SAINT JOHN THE BAPTIST PARISH CHURCH (KALESA)
 QUIAPO, MANILA
 MINOR BASILICA OF THE BLACK NAZARENE
 AR. JUAN NAKPIL
 RESTORED BY JUAN NAKPIL AND JOSE MARIA ZARAGOSA
SAN AGUSTIN CHURCH ( PLAIN FAÇADE WITH 8 PILLARS )
 MANILA
 JUAN MACIAS
 OLDEST STONE CHURCH IN THE PH
 1604
BASILICA MINORE DE SAN SEBASTIAN (POINTED AND SHARP FAÇADE AND TOWERS)

 MANILA
 1891
 EARTHQUAKE BAROQUE
 ONLY STEEL CHURCH IN ASIA
 ONLY – PREFAB CHURCH IN THE WORLD
 STEEL FROM BELGIUM

MINOR BASILICA OF SAINT MARTIN OF TOURS (STATUE IN FRONT, 5 WINDOWS UP N DOWN,

OLD)
 TAAL, BATANGAS
 FR. MARCOS ANTON AND SPANISH ARCHITECT LUCIANO OLIVER
 NEO-CLASSIC
 1856
 LARGEST CHURCH IN ASIA
 NATIONAL HISTORICAL LANDMARK

THE PARISH OF OUR LADY OF THE ABANDONED OF SANTA ANA (MULTIPLE DOORS, W/
STATUE)

BASILICA DEL SANTO NINO (PINUNTAHAN NAMEN SA CEBU, 3 ARCHED DOOR)

 CEBU
 REV. JUAN DE ALBARRAN
 OLDEST ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH IN THE PHILIPPINES
 SYMBOL OF THE BIRTH AND GROWTH OF CHRISTIANITY IN THE PHILIPPINES
LA PURISIMA CONCEPCION DE LA VIRGEN MARIA PARISH CHURCH (BOX TOWER, 3 ARCHES)
 BACLAYON BOHOL
 CORAL STONE
SAN PEDRO APOSTOL PARISH CHURCH (TRIANGULAR FAÇADE, WITH SIDE TOWER)
 LOBOC, BOHOL
 CORAL STONE
CIVIC ARCHITECTURE
 PALACIO DE GOBIERNO (CASA REALES) “ROYAL HOUSES”
 AYUNTAMIENTO
 ADUANA
 MUNICIPIOS
 SCHOOLS
FEATURES:
 ATRIAL PLANS
 ARCHITECTURALLY DISTINGUISHABLE

AYUNTAMIENTO DE MANILA
 INTRAMUROS, MANILA
 BUREAU OF TREASURY
 URBAN PALACE IN THE EUROPEAN STYLE
ADUANA
 INTRAMUROS MANILA
 LA INTENDENCIA
 NEO-CLASSICAL
 CUSTOMS HOUSE
 SPANISH ENGINEER TOMAS CORTES
 ADOBE STONES
PALACIO DEL GOBERNADOR
 INTRAMUROS, MANILA
 ATRIAL PLAN
 REBULT BY GOV. GEN FAUSTO CRUZAT Y GONGORA
 SOUTHERN WING: RESIDENCE OF THE GOVERNOR GENERAL (UPPER FLOOR
SECRETARIA DE GOBIERNO (LOWER FLOOR)
 14 STOREY COMMISSION ON ELECTIONS HEAD QUARTERS
REAL AUDIENCIA
 INTRAMUROS, MANILA
  SUPERIOR COURT (HIGHEST TRIBUNAL WITHIN THE TERRITORIES OF THE CAPTAINCY
GENERAL OF THE PHILIPPINES)
 LARGE MEETING ROOMS WITH 3 WINDOWS, CARPET FLOOR, 12 SEATS FOR OIDORES
(JUDGES)
 JAIL
 TOMAS CORTES

BAHAY NA BATO
GROUND FLOOR
ZAGUAN – FOR CAROZA
CUADRA – HORSE STABLE
BODEGA – STOREROOM
ESCALERA – STAIRS
ENTRESUELO – VAULT
ALJIBE – RAINWATER CISTERN
PATIO – COURTYARD

SECOND FLOOR
CAID / ANTE SALA – FOYER
SALA – LIVING ROOM
COMEDOR – DINING ROOM
COCINA – KITCHEN
DISPENSA – PANTRY
COMUN / LATRINA – TOILET
BANO – BATH
CUARTO / ALCOBA DORMITORIA – BEDROOM
AZOTEA – OPEN TERRACE
BALCON – BALCONY