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SQL Cheatsheet

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4 views

SQL Cheatsheet

Uploaded by

s.duarte21399
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SQL

Cheatsheet
Querying Data

SELECTRetrieve data from one or more tables


DISTINCTSelect distinct valuesin a column
WHERE Filter rows using a condition
AND, OR, NOTCombine multiple conditions
ORDER BY Sort the set result by a column
LIMIT & OFFSETLimit the number of rows and skip rows
GROUP BY Group rows with the same values in
specified columns
HAVING Filter the results of a GROUP BY

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Joining Tables

INNER JOIN Combine rows from related tables based


on a condition
LEFT JOIN Return all rows from the left table and
the matched rows from the right table
RIGHT JOIN Return all rows from the right table and
the matched rows from the left table
FULL JOIN Return all rows when there's a match in
either table
CROSS JOIN Return the Cartesian product of two
tables
SELF JOIN Join a table to itself using aliases

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Aggregating & Analysing data

COUNT()Count the number of rows


SUM()
Calculate the sum of a column
AVG()
Calculate the average of a column
MIN() & MAX()
Find the minimum & maximum value in
a column
GROUP_CONTACT() Concatenate values from a group

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SQL Functions & Expressions

COALESCE() Return the first non-null value from a list


NULLIF() Return null if two expressions are equal
CASE Perform conditional logic in SQL queries
CAST Convert a value to a specified data type
CONCAT() Concatenate two or more strings

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Working with Tables

CREATE TABLECreate a new table


ALTER TABLEModifying an existing table
DROP TABLERemove a table
TRUNCATE TABLERemove all rows from a table without
deleting the table structure
RENAME TABLE Rename a table

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Constraints & Indexes

PRIMARY KEY Uniquely identify each row in a table


FOREIGN KEY Ensure refrential integrity between
two tables
UNIQUE Ensure unique values in a column
CHECK Ensure that all values in a column
satisfy a condition
DEFAULT Set a default value for a column
NOT NULL Ensure a column cannot contain null
values
CREATE INDEX Create an index on a table
DROP INDEX Remove an index

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Views, Stored Procedures &
Triggers

CREATE VIEW Create a virtual table based on a


SELECT statement
DROP VIEW Remove a view
CREATE PROCEDURE Create a stored procedure
EXECUTE Run a stored procedure
DROP PROCEDURE Remove a stored procedure
CREATE TRIGGER Create a trigger that executes a
specified action when an event occurs
DROP TRIGGER Remove a trigger

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User Management

CREATE USER Create a new user


DROP USER Remove a user
ALTER USER Change the password of a use
GRANT Give a user access to specific privileges
REVOKE Remove a user's access to specific
privileges

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