TESTING OF MATERIALS REVIEW NOTES

1. A soil is easier to be compacted thus, having greater strength, if its particles are?

Ans. Well - graded

2. Sand has a greater volume if it is?

Ans. Wet

3. The density to which the soil can be compacted is related to?

Ans. Compacted effort & water content

4. For every ___________of cement or fraction thereof one (1) quality test.

Ans. 200 bags

5. For every___________of Fine aggregates one (1) grading test.

Ans. 75 cu.m.

6. The voids of a fully saturate soil particle are occupied by?

Ans. Both water and air – WATER ONLY, “FULLY” SATURATED NGA EH

7. If a soil is in its natural state is 100 grams and its water content is 10% the weight of dry soil is?

Ans. 90 %

8. The physical engineering properties of soils may be improved by?

Ans. Stabilization and compaction

9. For every ____________of fine aggregates one (1) grading test.

Ans. 1,500 cu.m. ANO BA TALAGA? 75 O 1500???

10. For every ___________of coarse aggregates or fraction thereof one (1) grading test.

Ans, 75 cu.m.

11. -----

12. For every ___________of coarse aggregates one (1) quality test.

Ans. 1,500

13. Good sub-grade soils, sub-base and base courses should have?

Ans. Low LL & high PL

14. Is more appropriate for compacting granular materials?

Ans. Vibratory – steel tired

15. For every ______________of reinforcing steel bar or fraction thereof one (1) quality test.

Ans. 10,000 kgs.

16. For every______________of asphalt or per shipment one (1) quality test.
 Ans. 40 tons

17. How many concrete bore required in one lot?

Ans. 5 cb

18. How many lots is a 1,000 lm.Double lane concrete pavement/

Ans. 2 lots

19. In 1 km, of concrete pavement road one lane.How many core should be taken?

Ans. 5

20. Required degree of compaction for item 202?

Ans. 100 %

21. Required degree of compaction for item 105?

Ans. 95 %

22. Required degree of compaction for item 104/

Ans. 95 %

23. Required degree of compaction for item 200?

Ans. 100 %

24. Required degree of compaction for item 201?

Ans. 100 %

25. Required degree of compaction for item 300?

Ans. 100 %

26. The asphalt content by weight of aggregates is?, if the weight of mixture is 1,000 grams while the
weight of asphalt content is 50 grams.

Ans. 5.46

27. Application of too little tack coat will cause slippage between the old and new pavement?

Ans. False

28. The compaction temperature of hot asphalt mix is always?

Ans. Lower

29. Is a mixture of asphalt cement and water/

Ans. Emulsified asphalt

30. Is the usual cause of bleeding?

Ans. Excessive asphalt

31. A bituminous concrete pavement should be compacted to a high degree, say more than 100 % of the
laboratory density, in order to have very stable pavement?
 Ans. False

32. Is the method of measurement in the pavement of in-place asphalt mixture?

Ans. Weight in metric tons

33. Start the rolling operation on the?

Ans. Low side

34. The flexural strength of concrete can be determined by the use of a?

Ans. Beam sample

35. How many quality tests are required for aggregate base course materials having a volume of 30,500
cu.m.?

Ans. 21 (/ 1,500 )

36. What composes the concrete?

Ans. Paste & mineral aggregates

37. In thickness determination of the concrete pavement, how many cores shall be taken for a 1,150
linear meters of pavement when a single traffic lane is poured?

Ans. 6

38. In general, the higher the water-cement ratio of a concrete mix,the higher the strength?

Ans. False

39. How many grading test are required for a fine aggregate of item 311, pccp having a volume of
950 cu.m.?

Ans. 14 ( /75 )

40. Is the material use to modify the properties of concrete which is added before or during mixing.

Ans. Admixtures

41. The average strength of the three cores is 20 Mpa(2,900 psi), is the concrete in the area representing
the cores is considered adequate.

Ans. False

42. How many quality tests are required for the Portland cement having a number of bags,17,200 bags?

Ans. 9 (/2000)

43. The slump test is made on?

Ans. Freshly Mixed Concrete

44. How many quality tests are required for reinforcing bars, 16 mm.dia. having a weight of 118,000
kgs.

Ans. 12 (/10,000)
45. The activities which are complimentary to quality control.

Ans. Testing and Inspection

46. Is a test which measures the consistency of concrete.

Ans. Slump Test

47. Is a test which is widely used as a control embankment construction to ensure adequate
compaction?

Ans. Density

48. Is the procedure used for separating asphalt from mineral aggregates?

Ans. Segration

49. Is the type of cement used for general construction work?

Ans. Portland Cement Type

50. Is the process of maintaining sufficient moisture at a favorable temperature in concrete during
hardening process?

Ans. Curing

51. Is the ability of asphalt to stretch to a fine thread without breaking?

Ans. Ductility

52. Is the most important single factor, which affect the quality of concrete?

Ans. Water Cement Ratio

53. Is the highest moisture concrete in the plastic state of fined-grained soils?

Ans. Liquid Limit

54. If an asphalt pavement will be constructed over an existing concrete pavement, the old pavement
should be given a?
Ans. Tack Coat

55. Blown asphalt is usually used for paving?

Ans. False

56. How many quality tests are required for aggregate base course materials having a volume of
16,000 cu,m,?

Ans. 11

57. In thickness, determination of the completed concrete pavement, how many cores shall be taken
For a 950 linear meters of pavement when a single traffic lane is poured?

Ans. 5 cores

58. The mixing time of the ingredients in the concrete mix should be done for a period of not more
than?

Ans. 1 ½ minutes ( 90 seconds )

59. Material is suitable for embankment construction obtain from sources outside roadway limits?

Ans. Borrow

60. Soil stabilization can be done by?

Ans. Blending

61. The following bituminous application are used to bond the base course and wearing course in
bituminous pavement construction?

Ans. Prime Coat

62. In forming standard concrete cylinder test specimen, the mold is filled with concrete in?

Ans. 3

63. How many grading tests are required for a course aggregate for item 311, pccp having a volume
of 800 cu.m.?

Ans. 11 ( / 75 )

64. In casting of reinforced concrete railings, the concrete used is?

Ans. Class “ C “

65. Concrete cylinder tests specimen for strength determination is generally tested at the age of?

Ans. 28 days

66. Length of sample of steel bars for concrete reinforcement should be at least?

Ans. 1.0 m.

67. Is the cause of bleeding?

Ans. Excessive asphalt

68. The basic constituent in all asphalt materials is?

Ans. Asphalt Cement

69. The highest water content in semi-solid state of fined-grained soil is the?

Ans. Plastic Limit

70. Given the liquid limit equals 60 and plasticity index equals 15, the plastic limit of the soil is?

Ans. 75

71. Slump of concrete is a measure of?

Ans. Consistency

72. In mixing concrete in item 311, the mixing time required shall not less than?

Ans. 50 seconds

73. In strength of core samples for item 311, which of the average strength is found adequate?

Ans. 2976

74. In item 405, railing pre-cast RC piles are classified as?

 Ans. Class “C’ concrete

75. In forming standard cylinder tests specimen, the mold is filled with concrete in?

Ans. 3 equal layers @ 25 blows per layer

76. The liquid limit of fine for item 201 shall not be greater than?

Ans. 25

77. Stone for class “A’ grouted riprap shall range from?

Ans. 15 – 25 kgs

78. The flexural strength requirement for item 311 when tested by the third-point method
is?

Ans. 3.8 Mpa

79. The plasticity index requirement for item 200 shall not be more than?

Ans. 12

80. The rate of applicationof bituminous materials for item 311 shall be within the range of?

Ans. 1.0 – 2.0 li./sq.m.

81. The mixture of item 310 shall have a mass percent air void with the range of?

Ans. 3-5%

82. The temperature of the mixture for item 310 as measured in the truck prior to dumping
into the spreader shall not be less than?

Ans. 107 C

83. Aggregate for item 310 shall account for _________ of the weight of the mixture?

Ans. 92 – 95 %

84. The allowable slump for item 311 if not vibrated shall be?

Ans. 40 – 75 mm.

85. The rate of application of bituminous materials for item 302 shall within the range of?

Ans. 0.2 – 0.7 lit./sq.m.

86. The highest water content in the semi solid state of fine-grained soil is the?

Ans. Plastic Limit

87. Rounded aggregates are preferable than angular aggregate for hot asphalt mix?

Ans. False

88. Is the application of thin film asphalt on an old pavement overlaid?

Ans. Tack Coat

89. Is the resistance of asphalt mixture to displacement of deformation?

 Ans. Stability

90. In general, the higher the water- cement ratio of a concrete mix, the higher the strength?

Ans. False

91. Cement is used in hot asphalt mixes?

Ans. Penetration Grade Cement

92. When compacted at optimum moisture content a soil will attain its maximum dry density?

Ans. True

93. The compaction temperature of hot asphalt is always?

Ans. Lower

94. The plasticity index for an aggregate subbase should not be greater than?

Ans. 12

95. In forming standard concrete cylinder test specimen, the mold is filled with concrete in?

Ans. 3

96. The basic constituent in all asphalt materials is?

Ans. Asphalt Cement

97. In highway engineering, rock fragment having four inches diameter are considered soil?

Ans. False

98. When asphalt mixes are used in road construction, the resistance to be effect of water
should be increased by adding?

Ans. Hydrated Lime

99. Sand has a greater volume when it is in dry condition than in wet condition?

Ans. False

100. The weight of aggregate in a 2,000 grams asphalt mix is 1,890 grams. The asphalt
content thereof is?

Ans. 5.5 % (2,000 – 1,890)/2,000

101. Organic soil are undesirable construction materials. However they can be used provided
they are blended with coarse-grained or regular soils?

Ans. False

102. The rhetorical maximum dry density of a compacted asphalt mixture is 2.450 g/cc while
its actual field density is 2.350 g/cc. The corresponding degree of compaction will be?

Ans. 100 %

103. Extraction test is the procedure used for separating?

Ans. Asphalt from Mineral Aggregate

104. Determines the consistency of asphalt materials?

Ans. Viscosity

105. Laboratory test to determine composition of asphalt materials?

Ans. Distillation

106. Is the ability of asphalt to strength to a fine thread without breaking?

Ans. Ductility

107. Temperature of hot mixes being delivered should not be less than its?

Ans. Compaction

108. Blown asphalt is usually used for paving?

Ans. False

109. Prescribes definite grading proportion of the aggregate, define asphalt content temperature
of mixture at time of delivery?

Ans. Job Mix Formula

110. Asphalt are preferably for bituminous prime coat?

Ans. Liquid

111. An asphalt material that is identified by penetration grade is?

Ans. An Asphalt Cement

112. After the introduction of mixing water to the cement and aggregates, concrete mix should be
in place within?

Ans. 1 ½ hour

113. Concrete cylinder test specimen for strength determination is generally tested at the age of?

Ans. 14 days

114. The mixing of the ingredient in the concrete mix should be done for a period of not more than?

Ans. 90 mins.

115. Lower water-cement ratio in concrete mixes improves?

Ans. Strength, Durabilty, Water tightness

116. Is suitable for bituminous tack coat?

Ans. Emulsified Asphalt

117. Test is used to determine the relative proportion of asphalt?

Ans. Penetration

118. For efficient compaction the embankment materials should at the time of rolling be?
 Ans. At Optimum Moisture Content

119. The percent asphalt cement content in bituminous concrete should be?

Ans. 5–8%

120. In casting of reinforced concrete railings the concrete used is?

Ans. Class “C”

121. Based on the maximum dry density obtained by the laboratory test, the degree of compaction
required by embankment materials should be at least?

Ans. 95 %

122. An important test to determine the quality of steel bars for concrete reinforcement is ths?

Ans. Tensile Test

123. Length of the sample of steel bars for concrete reinforcement should at least?

Ans. 1.0 mtr

124. A deformed steel bar embedded in the concrete across a joint to prevent separation of
abutting slabs is called?

Ans. Tie Bar

125. When a soil consists of large and small particles but with the intermediate size groups
are missing, it is considered as?

Ans. Gap-Graded

126. Is used in the grading of fine and coarse aggregate?

Ans. Sieves

127. Which is the thinnest and most fluid grade of medium curing cutback?

Ans. MC-30

128. Indicates the safe working temperature of the asphalt?

Ans. Flash Point

129. An organic soil with large percentage of fibrous vegetable matter is a?

Ans. Peat

130. Coarse-grained soil is?

Ans. Sand

131. When concrete must be placed in sloping surface, placing should start at the?

Ans. Bottom

132. The quality of paving concrete is usually measured by its?

Ans. Flexure

133. Coarse aggregate for bituminous macadam pavement should be?

 Ans. Crushed Gravel or Stone

134. Pre-stressed concrete requires the use of what class of concrete?

Ans. “P”

135. The most commonly used method in the design and evaluation of bituminous concrete mixes
is the?

Ans. Marshall Stability Method

136. The diameter of the sample to be taken from the finished asphalt pavement by core drill for
thickness and density determination is?

Ans. 100 mm.

137. The grade of asphalt cement is normally used ranges from?

Ans. 60/70 to 200/300 Penetration

138. The number of core samples to be taken for each full days operation is?

Ans. At Least One But Not More Than Three Samples

139. The thickness of a cored sample is determine by the?

Ans. Average Of The Measurement Taken At Approximately Quarter Points

In The Periphery Of The Core

140. Mortar for stone masonry shall be composed of one part of Portland cement and _______parts
aggregate by volume?

Ans. 2 Parts

141. Stones for stone masonry shall have a thickness of not less than________mm, and widths of not
Less than 1 ½ times their respective thickness and lengths of not less than 1 ½ times their
respective width?

Ans. 150 mm.

142. Class “A” stones used in grouted riprap ranges from?

Ans. 15 – 25 kgs.

143. Weep holes used in grouted riprap an some masonry shall be spaced not more than?

Ans. 2 m.

144. In some masonry, stones shall be laid with their longest faces horizontal in full beds of mortar and
joints flushed with mortar?

Ans. True

145. Soils having high values of liquid limit and plasticity index are excellent as engineering
materials?

Ans. False

146. The maximum compacted thickness of any one layer of aggregate sub base course shall exceed?

Ans. 150 mm
147. Compaction decreases the shearing strength of aggregates of any size, shape and gradation?

Ans. False

148. The concrete cylinders obtained for each day of structures should be tested for?

Ans. Compressive Strength @ 28 days

149. What class of concrete and range of slump will you use in concreting heavily reinforced
beams, slabs and columns?

Ans. Class “A’ with slump of 50-100 mm

150. What will you recommend if the test results of cylinder samples taken during the concrete
pouring of floor slabs using class “A” concrete showed an average compressive strength
of 15 MN / sq.m. at 15 days?

Ans. Removal of forms and falseworks

151. What should the minimum compressive strength of a wall designed at 20.7 MN / sq.m. be
before the forms and false works are removed?

Ans. 14.49 MN / sq.m.

152. Consolidation of concrete involves?

Ans. Inserting and withdrawing the vibrator vertically to penetrate underlying lifts.

153. What type of asphalt pavement distress result in a rough surface caused by the segregation
of aggregates is called?

Ans. Raveling

154. An asphalt pavement failure resulting from poor design of the asphalt mixture and poor
quality of aggregate is called?

Ans. Corrugation

155. It refers to unevenness of the road occurring at location receiving heavy wheel loads?

Ans. Rutting

156. The distillate needed for rapid curing ( RC ) cutback asphalt is?

Ans. Gasoline

157. The distillate needed for medium curing ( MC ) cutback asphalt is?

Ans. Kerosene

158. Mixing temperature for asphalt cement is?

Ans. 250 – 320 °F

159. Spraying temperature for asphalt cement is?

Ans. 300 – 400 ºF

160. In item 200, the fraction passing the 0.425 mm (No. 40) sieve shall have a liquid limit of?

Ans. Not greater than 35

161. For item 200 and 201, the coarse portion retained on ______sieve shall have a mass percent
of wear not exceeding 50 by the Los Angeles Abrasion Test?

Ans. No. 40

162. Suitable materials for item 104 (embankment) shall have a plasticity index?

Ans. Of not more than 6 and a liquid limit

163. For item 201, the material passing 19 mm (3/4”) shall have a soaked CBR value of?

Ans. Not less than 80 %

164. This is a colloidal dispersion of asphalt in water, it is chocolate colored use and turns black
when the emulsion is broken?

Ans. Emulsified Asphalt

165. The construction method of embankment that involves the introduction of water into embankment
to accelerate consolidation is?

Ans. Hydraulic Consolidation Method

166. Shrinkage cracking in heavy reinforced concrete that would otherwise occur can be controlled by?

Ans. Providing no contraction joints

167. What equipment is commonly applied in the compaction control of earth and asphalt road
construction and in the measurement of moisture of isolated roofs?

Ans. Nuclear Density Gauge

168. When a soil is consist of large and small particles but with the intermediate sizes missing,
it is considerer as?

Ans. Poorly Graded Soil

169. The two most commonly used load transfer devices are?

Ans. Round Steel Dowel Bars and Aggregate Interlock in tied Joints

170. Contraction joints in an un-reinforced pavement should be spaced about what length?

Ans. 5 m apart

171. When expansion joints are used in reinforced concrete, what is the minimum spacing to be
adopted for slabs of 90 inches thickness?

Ans. 60 meters

172. What is the minimum compressive strength of concrete (PCCP) when tested in 14 days?

Ans. 24.1 Mpa

173. Forms for concrete pavements should be removed?

Ans. Not less than 24 hrs. after pouring

174. The spacing of longitudinal joints in pavement is directed by the following factors?
 Ans. Width of pavement & paving thickness

175. In stone masonry, the fine aggregate used as mortar shall have a fine passing the No.50 sieve?

Ans. Not less than 15 % but not more than 40 %

176. Joints that are used to relieve the tensile strength due to temperature, moisture and friction thereby
controlling cracking are?

Ans. Contraction joints, dummy joints, weakened plane joints

177. The field density for each layer of base course compacted shall not be less than?

Ans. 100 %

178. The thickness of a cored sample is determined by the?

Ans. Average of the measurement taken at quarter points in the periphery of the cores

179. Concrete in the area represented by cores will be considered adequate if no single is less than
75% of the specified strength (fc) and if the average strength of the core is equal to at least
what percent?

Ans. 85 %

180. A core specimen for thickness determination shall have a diameter of at least what diameter?

Ans. 100 %

181. What is the sieve size that sets the dividing line between sand and gravel?

Ans. 2.00 min. sieve

182. The compaction requirement for an A-2-5 type of soil ( AASHTO Classification )
when use as sub – grade?

Ans. 95 %

183. What is the quality of a sub grade when tested by the California Bearing Ratio ( CBR )
with a value of 10 %?

Ans. Normal

184. What is the specified distance wherein excavated materials shall be hauled without
additional compensation?

Ans. 600

185. Fineness modulus is an important property of?

Ans. Concrete Fine Aggregates

186. If the formula for the group index of soils expressed below G.I.= ( f-35 )( 2) + ( 005 )( LL-40 ) +
( 01 ) ( F-15 )( PI-10 ).Determine the group index in round numbers of a soil with plastic limit
Of 5, liquid limit of 25 and with 50 % passing the 0.075 mm sieve?
Ans. 6

187. Cored samples to be taken from asphalt pavement shall have a distance of?

Ans. 100 meters apart

188. Causes of scaling in concrete pavement due to?

 Ans. Poor quality of aggregates improper removal of forms, inadequate drainage

189. Some of the most common distresses for asphalt concrete pavement are?

Ans. Potholes, raveling and rutting

190. The compacted asphalt pavement after final rolling should have a density equal to or greater than?

Ans. 95 % of the laboratory compaction density

191. The maximum dry compressive strength of the asphalt mixture after compaction is?

Ans. 14 Mpa

192. Water content of undisturbed soil on actual condition?

Ans. Normal Water Content

193. The bituminous concrete surface course is composed of aggregates, mineral filler, and bituminous
Material mixed in a control plant. The content of the mix account for?

Ans. 5 % to 8 % of the weight of mix

194. Volume of voids and volume of water are equal?

Ans. Full saturated

195. Height of slump after subside?

Ans. 305 mm.

196. Slump cone diameter of the base?

Ans. 203 mm. (8”)

197. Slump cone diameter of the top?

Ans. 102 mm. (4”)

198. Physical test for Portland cement are performed in the laboratory, which of the several tests on the
following ( Time of setting, Air content, Loss on ignition, Compressive strength of mortar cubes)
is not a physical for cement?

Ans. Loss on ignition

199. Slump cone Altitude?

Ans. 305 mm.

200. Rod diameter and length?

Ans. 5/8” – 16mm @ 24” (600mm)

201. Soil having high value of liquid limit and plasticity index are excellent as engineering materials?

Ans. False

202. Number of blows per layer of beam sample?

Ans. 1 blow/sq.m. (63 blows/layer)

203. Continues moist curing?

Ans. 15.5 ºC to 37.5 ºC

204. Moisture content of lumber when it is consider well seasoned?

Ans. 12 to 18 %

205. What is the minimum number of days when forms and false works are removed in the concreting
of columns?

Ans. 2 days

206. The minimum compressive strength of class “A” concrete that are used in superstructures and
Heavily reinforced sub-structure is?

Ans. 3000 psi

207. The minimum cement content of concrete when deposited in water is?

Ans. 400 kg/cu.m.

208. Fine aggregates used in PCCP shall not contain more than _______mass percent of materials
Passing the .075 mm sieve (No. 200) ?

Ans. 3

209. One set consisting of three (3) concrete beam test specimens shall be taken from every?

Ans. 330 sq.m. of pavement @ 0.23 m depth

210. The plasticity index requirement for sub base materials shall not be greater than?

Ans. 12

211. What is the consistency range in slump of class “C” concrete?

Ans. 50 – 100 mm

212. What is the maximum size of course aggregates to be used in class “A” concrete?

Ans. 3 inch

213. What is the minimum cement content per cu.m. class “B” concrete?

Ans. 8 bags / cu.m.

214. Stones for class “A” grouted riprap shall have a range from?

Ans. 15 – 25 kgs.

215. The minimum number of sets of concrete cylinder test specimen samples to be taken from
A concrete mix with a total volume of 235m³ is?

Ans. 4 sets

216. When breaking PCCP pavement into square pieces, how many meters square is recommended?

Ans. ½mx½m

217. Prior to overlaying of new asphalt pavement on existing concrete or asphalt pavement, what
kind of bituminous coating is applied?

Ans. Tack coat

218. Aggregates sub base course with thickness of 200 mm shall be spread and compacted in
how many layers?

Ans. 2 layers

219. The opposing force from the pavement against the slipping of motor vehicle tires is called?

Ans. Skid resistance

220. Seating of broken pavement is done by applying two passes of rolling using pneumatic tired
roller and the rolling shall progress gradually from?

Ans. From the side to the center

221. The minimum flexural strength of concrete (PCCP) when tested by midpoint method is?

Ans. 4.50 Mpa

222. How many groups of three in-situ Field Density tests ( FDT ) shall be required from a prepared
base course with a total volume of 3,000 m³.

Ans. 60 groups

223. The depth of weakened joints should at all times be not less than?

Ans. 40 mm

224. After finishing operations have been completed and the concrete has finally set, the surface of the
newly placed concrete shall be cured for a period of?

Ans. 72 hours

225. What is the compressive strength requirement of concrete in item 311 when tested at 14 days?

Ans. 3,500 psi.

226. What is the maximum surface tolerance for a bituminous concrete surface?

Ans. Not more than 6

227.In sub base construction, an initial trial section is undertaken. What is the area for trial section?

Ans. 500 sq.m.

228. A laboratory tests of soils widely used as a control test for embankment is?

Ans. Field density test

229. The bituminous mixture of item 310 shall have an index of retained strength of?

Ans. Not more than 70

230. Bituminous prime coat shall be applied only when?

Ans. The surface to be treated is dry

231. The lowest moisture content at which the soil will flow upon the application of a very small
shearing force?

Ans. Liquid limit

232. The minimum moisture content at which the soil remains in a plastic state?
 Ans. Plastic limit

233. The numerical difference between the liquid and plastic limits?

Ans. Plasticity index

234. Ratio of the volume?

Ans. Porosity

235. Water content of air dry soil?

Ans. Hydroscopic water content

236. Volume of voids is greater than the volume of water?

Ans. Partially saturated

237. The theoretical maximum density of compacted asphalt mixture is 2.54 g/cc. while its actual
field density is 2.35 g/cc., the corresponding degree of compaction is?

Ans. 92.52 %

238. The process of improving the properties of the soil to make it more suitable for particular purpose
is called?

Ans. Stabilization method

239. Ratio of the volume of voids to the volume of solids?

Ans. Void ratio

240. What kind of laboratory apparatus/equipment is used to determined the strength of sub grades?

Ans. California Bearing Ratio

241. For Public Works and Highway Projects, what is the government specification?

Ans. Standard Government Spec. for Roads, Highways and Bridges

242. Temperature of asphalt mix upon delivery on the project?

Ans. 140 ºC

243. Asphalt cement?

Ans. 5.5 % (85 – 100 Pen. grade)

244. Interval between batches?

Ans. Not exceed 20 minutes

245. Deduction should not be made for volume occupied by pipe less than 100mm(4”) in diameter?

Ans. PAYMENT

DEPARTMENT ORDER

1. D.O. No. 55(series of 1992) - use of different brands or same brand of

cement in concrete construction.
2. D.O. No. 135(series of 1993) - Testing & acceptance of construction
materials (only test report issued by the
Regional/District laboratories of the
department and other testing laboratories
credited by the DPWH)

3. D.O. No. 114(series of 1992) - Thickness determination for concrete and

asphalt pavements (Coring test)

4. D.O. No. 97 - Borehole filling after core. Core drilling

operation on newly constructed concrete
& asphalt pavement.

5. D.O. No. 83(series of 1994) - Testing of construction materials intended

for regular maintenance projects (minimum
testing requirement on samples of
construction materials are not being
complied in some maintenance projects of
the department.

6. D.O. No. 55 - Submission of materials quality control

` reports and other related documents.

7. D.O. No. 57 - Testing and acceptance of cement 7 days not

less than 23.46 Mpa ( 85% ) CS @
28 days ( 27.6 Mpa )

8. Memorandum Circular No.80 - All materials men in charge in said projects

keep a logbook on material quality control.

9. Memorandum Circular No.38 - Testing and inspection should complement

each other for quality assurance.

1. This equipment in the compaction control of earth and asphalt construction and in the
measurement of moisture of insulated roofs.

Ans. Nuclear Density Gauge

2. Cold mix pavement use Emulsion Asphalts or cutback – they require little or no heating of
materials and can often be produced at construction site without a central plant.

3. It is the highest quality of asphalt pavement.

Ans. Asphalt Concrete Pavement

4. Rate of application of glass bead in thermoplastic paints.

Ans. 350 / l of glass bead

5. Required thickness of thermoplastic paint application on pavement.

Ans. 3.2 to 4.8 mm

6. Required temperature of reflectorized thermoplastic paint during application.

Ans. 211 ± 7 º C

7. Minimum ultimate tensile strength of pre-stressing reinforcing steel ( tendons )

Ans. 1000 Mpa ( 145,000 psi )

8. Minimum yield strength, measured by the 0.7 % extensions under load method
shall not be less than.

Ans. 895.7 Mpa ( 130,000 psi )

9. Minimum modulus of elasticity.

Ans. 25,000,000

10. Minimum elongation in 20 bar diameter after rapture.

Ans. 4%

11. Diameter tolerance

Ans. +0.762 mm to -0.254 mm

(+0.03” to -0.01”)

12. Type of pre stressing reinforcing bar to be used conforming to ASSHTO M203.

Ans. Type 270 K

13. pH value of wash water to be in cement.

Ans. 4.5 to 8.5

14. Total solids in wash water for concrete.

Ans. 500 parts/million max

15. This is the measurement of the load under which the asphalt specimen totally yield or fails.

Ans. Marshall stability value

16. These are determined by weighing specimen in air and immersed in water.

Ans. Bulk specific gravity of compacted asphalt

17. The average unit weight = Bulk Sp.Gr. x 62.4 lb/cu.ft.

Or = Bulk Sp. Gr. x 1000kg/cu.m.

18. To keep a record logbook of his daily activities ready for inspection anytime .

19. To comply strictly with all instructions and memoranda.

20. To submit within required time frame test reports and other pertinent papers to the
Project Implementing Office.

21. To develop a system of filing pertinent reports on testing and quality control ready
at anytime for appraisal, or quality assurance audit.

EXAM FOR TECHNICIANS

1. If the soil consist mostly of fine-grains soil, what test must be conducted to

Ans. Sieve Analysis and Hydrometer Test

2. Significance of calibrating the sand in the field density test

Ans. To determine the unit weight of sand which will be used in determination of the volume of the
hole.
3. Difference between LL and PL and its significance.

Ans. The liquid limit (LL) is the moisture content in which soil closes at 25 blows while plastic limit
(PL) is the moisture content where soil is thread breaks or crumbles at 1/8 inch diameter.
Significance; It indicates the amount of clay

4. What is Plasticity Index (PI)/

Ans. PI is the numerical difference between the LL and the PL.

5. Significance of compaction test.

Ans. This to determine the maximum dry density (MDD) and the optimum moisture
content ( OMC )

6. Difference between AASHTO T – 180 and T – 99

Ans. The weight of the rammer used in AASHTO T–180 is 10 lbs, while in T–99 is 5.5
lbs.

7. If there are larger than ¾ inch materials to be used for compaction test, what remedy would you do?

Ans. Discard or disregard materials larger than ¾ inch and replace it with an equal volume which
passes ¾ inch of the sieve.

11. Three major group of soil.

Ans. a. Coarse Grained

b. Fine – grained
c. Organic
12. If the individual particles are visible to the unaided eye, the soil considered to be;

Ans. Coarse Grained Soil

13. The principal soil types that comprise the coarse grained soil;

Ans. 1. Gravel loose H2O worn fragments of

2. Sand rocks, gritty and cohesionless

14. if its individual particles are not visible to the unaided eye

Ans. Fine – grained soil

15. The two principal type comprising this group are;

Ans. a. silt – has smooth texture

b. clay- cohesive and plastic when wet

16. This type contains an appreciable amount of decayed animal and or plant matter;

Ans. Organic soil

17. The limiting diameter of gravel is;

Ans. 3” to sieve # 10 or 75.00 mm to 2mm

18. The limiting diameter of sand is;

Ans. from 2.00 mm to 0.05 mm

19. Rock fragments which are coarser than the upper limiting size for gravel are?
 Ans. Boulders

20. Limiting size for silt;

Ans. 0.05 mm to 0.005 mm

21. Limiting size for clay;

Ans. 0.005 mm to 0.001 mm

22. Those smaller than 0.001 mm are called:

Ans. Colloids
23. The drying time of a 25 grams sandy materials:

Ans. 2 hours

24. The drying time of a plastic, fine-grained soil of the same weight is:

Ans. 4 hours

25. It shall have an even number of equal width chutes but not less than a total of eight to coarse aggregate, or
twelve for F.A. which discharge alternately to each side.

Ans. Sample Splitter

26. It is widely used in the classification and identification of soils. It is an important criteria in the classification
of highway subgrade materials. It is also related to permeability and capillarity of cohesionless soil.

Ans. Grain Size Distribution

27. The size of the portion passing 20 mm to 0.425 mm (#40) sieve shall be tested for

Ans. Hygroscopic Moisture

Hydrometer Test

28. These indicates compressibility and related to permeability

Ans. Plasticity Index

29. High P.I. means high degree of compressibility of soil.

30. The higher the P.I. the lower the permeability.

31. It is performed if the soil is granular, if a considerable portion is retained on the No. 200 sieve (0.074 mm).

Ans. Sieve Analysis

32. If the soil is fine-grained or nearly all its particles are finer than the No. 200 sieve

Ans. Hydrometer Analysis

33. For efficient compaction, the embankment materials should at the time of rolling be at

Ans. Optimum Moisture Content

34. For a road base course, the most preferable materials is one with CBR value of:

Ans. 80 %

35. Peat and muck are:

Ans. Unsuitable Soils

36. The plasticity index of aggregate base course should be not greater than:

Ans. 6

37. The natural water content of highly organic soil is

Ans. more than 100 %

38. The most commonly used method of soil exploration

Ans. Core Boring

39. The lowest moisture content at which the soil will flow upon the application of every small shearing force.

Ans. Liquid Limit

40. The minimum moisture content at which the soil remains in a plastic state.

Ans. Plastic Limit

41. This is very important to achieve maximum contact between particles and maximum water tightness of
materials.

Ans. Gradation

42. In general, soils high value of this P.I. are poor as engineering materials.

Ans. Liquid Limit of fines

43. Given an indications of clay content in soil;

Ans. Plasticity Index

44. Use to evaluate the potential strength of soil aggregate;

Ans. CBR

45. The purpose of this trial is to check the suitability of the materials and the efficiency of the equipment and
construction method which is proposed to be used;

Ans. Trial Section

46. The behavior of soil is markedly influence by the amount of;

Ans. Moisture Content

47. It is defined as the weight / mass per unit volume;

Ans. Density of Soil

48. This is widely used as a control test in embankment construction to ensure adequate compaction.

Ans. Field Density Test

49. It involves the application of energy and addition of water as lubricant.

Ans. Compaction of soil

50. F.D.T.
a. Vol. of hole = Sand to fill hole
unit wt. of dry sand

b. Wet unit wt.= Total material taken from hole

Vol. of hole

c. Dry Wt. Density = Wet unit wt.

(1 + MC/100)

d. Degree of Compaction = Dry unit wt. x 100

MDD

e. Unit wt. of dry sand = Wt. of air dry sand

Wt. of bucket

51. C.B.R.

a. C.B.R. @ 0.1 = Corrected Psi x 100

1000

b. C.B.R. @ 0.2 = Corrected Psi x 100

1000

c. % Swell = change in length in “in” during soaking x 100

4.584
where: 4.584 is the ht. of sample in the mold

d. H2O to be added:
Air dried soil ( OMC – HMC )
= 100 .
( 1+ HMC )
100
52. It is expressed as the moisture content corresponding to 25 blows

Ans. Liquid Limit

53. It increases the sheering strength of aggregate of any size, shape / gradation.

Ans. Compaction

54. This is the amount of moisture that allow the compacting force to overcome the include resistance and the
maximum density of soil mass attained.

Ans. Optimum Moisture Content

55. Height of fall of 2.50 kg. rammer.

Ans. 12 inches

60. Height of fall of 4.54 kg rammer.

Ans. 18 inches

61. FORMULAS
a. Moisture Content Determination
MC = W1 – W2 x 100
W2 – Wc

Where:
W1 = wt. of can + wet soil
W2 = wt. of can + oven dry soil
Wc = wt. of container
 b. Organic Content by loss on Ignition
O.C. = A – B x 100
A- C
Where :
A = wt. of crucible + oven dried soil before ignition
B = wt. of crucible + sample after ignition
C = wt. of crucible to the nearest 0.001 grams

62. Compaction Test / Moisture Density Relation

Step 1 : Solve for Moisture content
2 : Determine the Density of wet soil
= wt. of wet soil
vol. of mold
3 : Solve for the dry density
= Density of wet soil
1+ MC / 100
4 : Draw the Moisture Density Curve
5 : Determine the OMC and MMD in the curve

63. Calibration of air Dried Sand

Step 1 : Weigh the container
2 : Fill the container with air dried sand and weigh
3 : Fill the container with water and weigh
4 : Solve for the volume of container by the
Formula = Weigh of H2O = M3
1000
5 : Solve for the wt. of air dried sand
= Cont. filled with and – wt. of container
6 : Solve for the unit weight of dried sand
= wt. of air dried sand = kg / m³
vol. of container
7 : Det. the wt. of sand to fill sand cone

64. Moisture content of air dried soil

Ans. Hygroscopic Moisture Content

65. Moisture content of undisturbed soil

Ans. Natural Moisture Content

66. Abrasion Test

Significance :
- Evaluate the structural strength of C.A.
- Gives an indication of quality as determined by resistance to impact & wear.
- It determines whether the aggregate will have degradation during traffic or rolling

67. Comutation

% Wear = Orig. wt. of sample – washed oven dried sample retained # 125 x10
Original weight of sample

68. specific Gravity

a. C.A.
Sp. Gr. Bulk ( SSD ) = Wt. of SSD sample in air .
Wt. of SSD sample + wt. of pycnometer + H2O – ( wt. of pycnometer + H2O + sample)

69. The value of this is use in the design and control of concrete mixture.

- Specific Gravity of Cement

70. This determines the fineness of cement which affects the strength of cement.

- Fineness of Cement Test

71. This determines the amount of water required to prepare hydraulic cement paste for testing.

- Normal Consistency Test of Cement

72. The purpose of this test is to established whether a cement complies w/ a specification limit on setting time.

Ans. Time of Setting by Gilmore Needle or by Vicat Apparatus

73. This test provides an index of potential delayed expansion caused by the hydration of Calcium Oxide ( CaO )
or Magnesium Oxide ( MgO ) or both.

Ans. Soundness Test by Autoclave Expansion

74. This test determines whether or not the hydraulic cement under test meets the air entraining requirements of
the specification.

Ans. Air Content Test

75. This is used to determine the compressive strength of hydraulic cement that will be used.

Ans. Mortar Strength

76. This determines the freshness of cement and the amount of moisture present in the cement.

Ans. Loss on Ignition

77. This determines the inert materials ( acid insoluble material ) present in the cement.

Ans. Insoluble Residue Test

79. This determines the soundness of cement.

Ans. Magnesium Oxide Test

80. Natural Pozzolan Cement

Ans. Volcanic ash

81. Artificial Pozzolan Cement

Ans. Fly ash

82. Diameter of sphere used in Abrasion Test.

Ans. 46.8 mm diameter

83. Weight of cast iron spheres.

Ans. 390 gms.

84. Weight of steel spheres.

Ans. 455 gms.

85. No. of spheres needed & wt. of sample / grading.

a. Grading A
12 spheres – 5000 ± 25 grams
 b. Grading B
11 spheres – 4584 ± 25 grams
c. Grading C
8 spheres – 3330 ± 20 grams
d. Grading D
6 spheres – 2500 ± 15 grams

86. Defined as the product obtained by burning to incipient fusion a properly proportioned
mixture of argillaceous and calcareous materials.

Ans. Portland Cement

87. This is burnt product which is used w/ gypsum and pulverized to form Portland Cement.

Ans. Clinker

88. This react or combined w/ H2O, one that will harden underwater.

Ans. Hydraulic Cement

89. This is the heat produced by the chemical reaction between cement and H2O.

Ans. Heat of Hydration

90. This is the process in which the cement reacts or combined chemically w/ H2O.

Ans. Hydration

91. Those materials that contribute Silica (SiO2), Alumina (Al2O3) and Iron Oxide (Fe2O3) to
the clinker, its include clay, shale, iron, ore, sand etc.

Ans. Argillaceous Raw Materials

92. Those materials which contribute Lime (CaO) and Magnesia (MgO) to the clinker its includes
limestones, chalk, marls, marine oyster shells, etc.

Ans. Calcareous Raw Materials

93. These type of cement is used for Gen. Const.

Ans. Normal Cement or Type I

94. This is used where sulfate concentration in ground waters are higher than normal but not sever,
generate heat at a slower rate than normal.

Ans. Moderate Sulfate Resistant or Type II

95. This type develops approximately 190 % of the strength of Type I @ 3 days & 90 to 130 % @ 28
days.

Ans. High Early Strength or Type III

96. This is a special cement for use where the amount and rate of heat generated must be minimized.

Ans. Low Heat of Radiation or Type IV

97. A special cement intended to be used in structure to prevent damaged from severe sulfate action of soils or
high alkali content of H2O.

Ans. Sulfate Resistant or Type V

98. In sub-base and base coursed this material shall be free from hard lump and shall not contain more than 15%
of material retained on the No.4 sieve.
 Ans. Filter Material

99. Concrete deposited in H2O.

Ans. Seal Concrete

100. The consistency of the concrete mixture should be checked frequently by this test.

Ans. Slump Test

101. Slump of concrete deposited in water.

Ans. Between 10 – 20 cm.

102. The minimum cement content of concrete deposited in water.

Ans. 400 kg./cu.m. of concrete

103. The maximum distance of the discharge point from the point of deposit by pneumatic means.

Ans. 3.0 meters

104. The maximum time for consolidation / compaction of structural / concrete.

Ans. 15 seconds

105. The space interval of inserting vibrator that should be withdrawn vertically to penetrate underlying
lift for homogeneity between lifts.

Ans. 50 – 60 cm.

106. Minimum time needed for removal of forms for beams, girders, frames or arches.

Ans. 14 days or 80 % of design strength

107. Consist of furnishing, placing, and finishing concrete in all structures except pavement conforming
to the lines, grade and dimensions.

Ans. Structural Concrete

108. Min. grouting pressure for bonding tendons.

Ans. 0.6894 (100 psi)

109. The mixing time when concrete were mixed in a central mixing plant.

Ans. 50 – 90 seconds

110. Occurs on PCCP when the cutting of weakened plane is delayed.

Ans. Shrinkage Cracking

Requirement Embankment Sub-base Base Course

1. Liquid Limit 30 35 25
2. Plasticity Index 6 12 6
3. Abrasion Test - 50 50
4. CBR ≥7 ≥ 25 ≥ 80%

Tolerance Sub-base Base Course

 1. Thickness of layer ± 20 mm ± 10 mm
2. Level of surface ± 10 mm ± 5 mm
20 mm 10 mm
3. Surface irregularity 20 mm 5 mm
4. Longitudinal Grade over 25 m ± 0.1 % ± 0.2 %
5. Cross fall or Camber ± 0.3 % ± 0.2 %

111. When concrete pile cast in place formed by first removing the soil by drilling and filling
the void by concrete.

Ans. Bored Pile

112. Maximum length of tremie pile and its diameter.

Ans. 2.5 meters and 20 cm. dia.

113. Length of tremie pipe that must be submerged into concrete.

Ans. 2 – 6 m w/ bentonite
3.5 m w/o bentonite

114. What is density of bentonite to 1 cu.m. of H2O.

Ans. 30 – 100 kilos/cu.m.

115. Reinforcements that consists of spiral bars coiled outside the main longitudinal reinforcement.

Ans. Transverse Reinforcement

116. The minimum spacing of steel bars on bored piles to ensure that concrete would still flow
outwards to the wall of the bored piles.

Ans. 100 mm

117. Must be within the limit of water cement ratio for concrete.

Ans. 0.50 – 0.60

118. Required revolution of concrete mixer.

Ans.. 4 – 6 RPM

119. The minimum revolution for each concrete mix.

Ans. 100 revolutions

120. The minimum interval of concrete pouring to avoid cool joint.

Ans. 30 minutes

121. Consists of all work elements carried out by the manager or by those in his organization
which contributes to the quality of the output of some other organization.

Ans. Quality Assurance Work

122. Refers to the process of making tests to determine the degree of compliance of delivered or
constructed materials w/ the specification.

Ans. Materials testing

123. The main objective of this design is to determine the main proportion of the ingredients that will
produce concrete of the proper workability when fresh and the desired durability and strength
after it has hardened.

Ans. Design of Concrete Mixture

124. These are prescribed in each project based on the estimated quantities, it specify the number of
tests for each work items.

Ans. Minimum Testing Requirements

125. This is prepared by the DPWH for the contractor to comply to facilitate quality control.

Ans. Quality Control Program

126.This should be done during the first seven days in order that the expected development of strength will
be obtained and the occurrence of plastic cracks will be pavement or minimized.

Ans. Curing of Concrete

127. This is preferable than a good PCCP road due to its initial cost more uniform riding surface.

Ans. Asphalt Road

128. The proportioning of aggregate and asphalt should be on this.

Ans. Laboratory Trial Mixes

129. This formula should be set and strictly followed in all batches of the asphalt mixes, it should include
provisions on grading of aggregate percentage of asphalt and temp. of mixture at time of compaction.

Ans. Job Mix Formula

130. Used in measuring the thickness or height determination of compacted bituminous paving mixture to the
nearest 0.10 cm.

Ans. Caliper

131. Used to determine the grading of aggregates extracted from bituminous mixtures.

Ans. Mechanical Carbide Gas Pressure

132. A test to determine the moisture content of soil.

Ans. Calcium Carbide Gas Pressure

133. The amount of lime to be added in item 203 ( Lime Stabilized Road Mix Base Course )

Ans. 3-12 mass % of dry soil aggregate

134. The amount of cement to be added in item 214 ( Portland Cement Stabilized Road Mix Base Course )

Ans. 6-10 mass % of dry soil aggregate

135. For Item 505 ( Stone Masonry ) test for cement and fine aggregate

Ans. Cement - 2 bags / cu.m.

F.A. - 0.17 cu.m. / cu.m. of accurate stone masonry

136. It is a colloidal dispersion of asphalt in H2O whose color is chocolate brown before use and turns black when
emulsion is broken.

Ans. Emulsified Asphalt

137. What process determines the asphalt contents>

Ans. Extraction

138. Minimum temperature of bituminous concrete when place, measured in the prior to dumping.

Ans. 107 º C

139. Minimum temperature of tar when it is used in Bituminous Concrete.

Ans. 66 to 107 ° C

140. The Bituminous material commonly used in 310.

Ans. Asphalt Cement

141. This item consist preparing and treating an aggregate base course preferably to the construction of the
Bituminous Surface Course.

Ans. Bituminous Prime Coat

142. This consist of preparing and treating an existing bituminous or cement pavement bituminous materials.

Ans. Bituminous Tack Coat

143. Consist of an application of bituminous materials with or without an application of aggregate on an existing
bituminous surface course.

Ans. Bituminous Seal Coat

144. Consist of either a single application of bituminous materials followed by a single spreading of aggregate or
two application of bituminous materials each followed by spreading of aggregate
( Double Surface Treatment )

Ans. Bituminous Surface Treatment

145. What determines the index of retained strength of the asphalt mix.

Ans. Immersion / compression test

146. It is the ratio of wet to dry stability of the mix ( Compressive Strength )

Ans. Index of Retained Strength

147. This measures the resistance to flow of asphalt.

Ans. Viscosity Test

148. Measure the distance that a standard needle will penetrate a sample at a given temperature in a specified
time.

Ans. Penetration Test

149. Measures the ability of asphalt to stretch w/out breaking.

Ans. Ductility Test

150. It determines the rate of loss of volatile oil of asphalt when heated and the change in penetration caused by
excessive heating.

Ans. Loss on Heating Test

151. Indicates the uniformity of products.

 Ans. Specific Gravity

152. Indicates the safe heating temperature of asphalt.

Ans. Flash Point

153. Determines if asphalt is overheated during production.

Ans. Spot Test

154. Determines the Bitumen content in asphalt that is soluble in petroleum solvent. This determines
the purity of asphalt.

Ans. Solubility Test

155. This are used to obtain a higher strength by decreasing the water / cement ratio at the same
workability as an ordinary mix.

Ans. Water Reducers or Plasticizers

156. Admixture which are water reducing.

Ans. Type A admixture

157. Admixture which are water reducing properties accompanied by set retardation.

Ans. Type D admixture

158. In checking the temperature of asphalt mix, the thermometer should be inserted into the mix
by at least.

Ans. 6”

159. The number of specimen sample in testing hollow blocks.

Ans. 6 pcs. / 20,000 pcs. (3 for absorption & 3 for strength)

160. Rolling of bituminous pavement should be continued until roller marks are eliminated and the
minimum of what mass % of the density of the laboratory compacted specimen.

Ans. 95 mass %

161. Determines the asphalt content of liquid asphalt.

Ans. Distillation Test

162. Determines presence of larger globules of asphalt.

Ans. Sieve Test

163. Determines the resistance of emulsion to breakdown on the job.

Ans. Cement Mixing Test

164. Detects the tendency of asphalt globules in the emulsion to settle during storage.

Ans. Storage Stability Test

165. It is the basic cementing material, the main constituent of all other asphalt types also
known as hot asphalt.

Ans. Asphalt Cement

166. Mixture of asphalt cement, water and % emulsifier usually 60 % asphalt and 40 % water.

Ans. Emulsified Asphalt

167. Blend of asphalt cement and petroleum solution.

Ans. Cutback Asphalt

168. Asphalt cement with non volatile or slow volatile oils or road oil.

Ans. Slow Curing (SC)

169. Asphalt cement with kerosene.

Ans. Medium Curing (MC)

170. Asphalt cement with gasoline.

Ans. Rapid Curing (RC)

171. Used as joint and crack filler and for water proofing material.

Ans. Blown or Oxidized Asphalt

172. Gives color and hardness.

Ans. Asphaltene

173. Composed of resin which provides stick ness (adhesiveness) and oil which influence viscosity
of asphalt and impart softness.

Ans. Maltene

174. Portland – Pozzolan cement for used in general concrete construction.

Ans. Type IP

175. Portland – Pozzolan cement for used in concrete construction where high strength at early ages
are not required.

Ans. Type P

176. Is the solid portion of paint, the finely divided solid particles used in paint.

Ans. Pigments

177. Are inert material which are added to the paint to increase the volume w/out increasing the cost.

Ans. Extenders

178. Intended for used for concrete or other masonry surface.

Ans. Latex Paint

179. It is used in calculating the unit weight of the moisture and the degree of compacting the asphalt pavement.

Ans. Bulk Sp. Gr. of compacted Bit. Mixture using Saturated Surface of specimen.

180. Intended for used on wood surface, a special type of paint made w/ varnish as the vehicle.
 Ans. Enamel Paint

181. The test which covers the quantitative determination of bitumen in hot-mixed paving mixture and pavement
sample for specification acceptance, service evaluation, control and research.

Ans. Extraction

182. The percent of bitumen content is compacted base on.

Ans. Mass of Dry Aggregate

183. A bright orange - red tetroxide, used as primary constituents of anti- corrosive primers for iron or steel.

Ans. Read Lead

184. A pigment mainly of ferric oxide.

Ans. Read Oxide

185. This kind of paint is primary intended for use on steel structure.

Ans. Aluminum paint

186. Foe zone marking, traffic lanes, should posses improve visibility at night.

Ans. Reflectorized Traffic Paint

187. This is the liquid portion of the paint.

Ans. Vehicle

188. Placing of riprap must be.

Ans. Perpendicular to the slope

189. Placing of stone masonry must be.

Ans. Parallel to the slope

190. Minimum spacing of weep holes and their diameter

Ans. 2 meters on center & 2”

191. A core specimen for thickness determination shall have a diameter of.

Ans. 4” ( 100 mm )

192. Minimum required temperature for asphalt compaction.

Ans. 107 ° C Tolerance ± 10 ° C

193. Minimum thickness for asphalt overlay.

Ans. 1 inch

194. Minimum dry stability compressive strength for 310.

Ans. 1.4 Mpa ( 200 pal )

195. Minimum asphalt content for item 310

Ans. 5–8%
196. Different test conducted in the field are.

Ans. FDT, Slump, T – core, SPT & Test Pit

197. Thickness tolerance is.

Ans. + 5 mm & - 25 mm

198. Field tests for Bituminous Pavement Specimen

Ans. a. Asphalt cores – 4” Ø, full depth or 100 mm

b. Square Sample – 6”x 6” or 150 mm x 150 mm

199. Surface tolerance for compaction of item 310.

Ans. Not to exceed 6mm

200. Strength requirement for PCCP

Ans. a. Flexural = 550 psi

b. Compressive = 3,550 psi

201. In casting reinforced concrete railings, the concrete used is.

Ans. Class C - 1

202. Based on the maximum dry density obtained by Lab. Test, the degree of compaction is required for
aggregate sub-base should at least.

Ans. 100 %

203. The specified flexural strength for paving concrete using midpoint loading is.

Ans. 650 psi

204. Per our present specs. For Highways and Bridges including amendments, it is mandatory to open PCCP to
traffic not later than.

Ans. 14 days after pouring

205. The slump test on concrete is a measure of.

Ans. Consistency

206. The fineness modulus is highest for.

Ans. Coarse Sand

207. If concrete is continuously moist, cured, it will gain strength beyond 180 days

Ans. True

208. The quality of paving concrete is usually measured by its.

Ans. Flexural Strength

209. Generally speaking, batching of aggregate by volume is preferable than by weight.

Ans. False

210. If angular coarse aggregate is used in concrete mix, it will require more.
 Ans. Water and Fine Aggregate

211. The most favorable period for curing concrete is.

Ans. during the first few days or week

212. Lower water cement ratio in concrete mixes improves.

Ans. Strength

213. When concrete must be placed in a sloping surface, placing should start at the.

Ans. Bottom

214. The maximum % Abrasion Loss allowed for concrete coarse aggregate is.

Ans. 40 %

215. In casting of reinforced concrete piles, the concrete used is.

Ans. C2

216. What are the dead load equivalent of loss sand, earth & gravel fill.

Ans. 1,603 tons/cu.m.

217. What is the rate of application for curing compound.

Ans. 0.30 liter/sq.m.

218. During coring of completed pavement, how many cores / km / lane are required as per specification.

Ans. 5

219. What is the right proportion for stone masonry.

Ans. 1:2

220. The most common used method for soil exploration is.

Ans. Core Boring

221. The flow curved obtained when liquid limit test results are plotted on a semi log
scale is in the form of.

Ans. Straight Line

222. What is the effect of increasing the compaction effort in compacting soil.

Ans. Higher Density

Lower Optimum Water Content

223. The allowable smooth riding quality of PCCP.

Ans. 3 mm

224. Test requirement for on going asphalt pavement

Ans. one but not more than 3 samples for one whole day operation (300li.m.)

225. Minimum test requirement for compacted bituminous pavement.

 Ans. 1 sample every 100li.m / lane

226. Required thickness for compaction is.

Ans. 150 mm / layer

227. Mass % of air void of item 310.

Ans. 5 – 7 % (New D.O. = 3 – 5 %)

228. Mineral filler passing No. 200 Sieve used in item 310 should have a plasticity index.

Ans. Not greater than 4 %

229. Rolling of item 310 must begin from.

Ans. The sides and proceed horizontally towards the center line of the road, each strip
overlapping on half the roller width

230. An excavation and utilization of approved material sources required for the construction of
embankment, or for other portion of the work as shown on the plans or on the special provisions.

Ans. Borrow Excavation

231. On item 102, rock shall be excavated below sub grade w/in the limit of the road bed to a depth of.

Ans. 150 mm (6”)

232. Test requirement for selected borrow(lopping) – 201

Ans. P.I. ›/ 6” & L.L. ›/ 25

233. What is the rolling distance extended outside the base coarse and surface coarse on pavement.

Ans. 30 cm.

234. A concrete where compaction is induced b4 application of working loads so that tension under these working
load is reduced.

Ans. Pre-stressed Concrete

235. The system of pre-stressing wherein the steel tendons are tension b4 the concrete.

Ans. Pre-tensioning

236. The system of pre-stressing wherein the steel tendons are tension after the concrete has been placed and has
attained a specific strength.

Ans. Post-tensioning

237. It is manufactured in the form of spiral wound galvanized sheet metal strip which are mortar tight.

Ans. Ducts

238. This method is used to determine the grading of aggregates extracted from bituminous mixtures.

Ans. Mechanical Analysis of Extracted Aggregates

239. Assist in rigidly holding the duct tubes, through positions during placement of concrete.

Ans. Tendons
240. When can we eliminate sub base during construction.

Ans. When CBR value is greater than 25 %

241. What are the penetration grades for Bituminous Prime Coat ( Item 301 ).

Ans. Rapid Curing = 60 – 70, 85 – 100, 120 – 150

242. What is the rate of application for 301.

Ans. 1 – 2 liters / sq.m.

243. What is the time elapsed in transporting mixed concrete from the time H2O is added to the mix.

Ans. Max. of 45 min., if hauled in non-agitating trucks

Max. of 90 min., if hauled in agitating trucks (transit mixer)

244. What is the depth and width of the weakened plane joint?

Ans. Width = 6 mm
Depth = 50mm

245. The corrugation produced by brooming is.

Ans. 1.5 mm

246. Curing period of concrete after brooming.

Ans. 72 hours after concrete hardened

247. Sealing asphalt penetration is

Ans. 40 - 60

248. Installed base on the post- tension system being used.

Ans. anchorage

249. An important operation having a dual purpose of protecting the post- tension steel tendon and relieving the
anchorage of stress fluctuation.

Ans. Grouting

250. The maximum jacking force of the specified minimum ultimate strength of the steel tendon must not exceed.

Ans. 85 %

251. Steel tendons should be grouted with an approved grout mixture after the completion of the stressing
operation within.

Ans. 48 hours

252. The minimum grouting pressure is;

Ans. 700 Kpa / seconds or 0.6894 Mpa ( 100 psi )

253. Quality Test for joint filler

Ans. 1 – QT for each shipment

4.5 kg. Per batch of the joint sealer

254. For RSB, 1 QT ( Bending, Tension & Chemical analysis for every
 Ans. 10,000 kilos

255. test for steel bridge painting ( Item 408 )

Ans. 1 QT for every 100 can

256. For strength determination, the average strength of the cores is equal to at least.

Ans. 85 % and no single core is less than 75 % of the specified strength

257. Average compressive strength of CHB ( non load )

Ans. 600 psi

258. individual compressive strength of CHB ( non load bearing ) is.

Ans. 500 psi

259. Average compressive strength of CHB ( Load Bearing )

Ans. 1,000 psi

260. Individual compressive strength ( Load Bearing )

Ans. 800 psi

261. Paint used for asphalt pavement

Ans. Reflectorized paint

262. Paint used for concrete pavement

Ans. Thermoplastic paint

263. Moisture content of well – seasoned wood.

Ans. 12 – 18 %

264. Minimum thickness and covering for rubble concrete is.

Ans. 30 cm. ( 12 “ ) and 5 cm. ( 2 “ ) respectively

265. Size requirement of stone masonry

Ans. a. T = 150 mm ( 6 ” )
b. W = 1.5 T
c. L = 1.5 W

266. Volume of mortar in riprap

Ans. 45 %

267. Minimum number of days to cure concrete by bonding method.

Ans. 7 days

268. Minimum thickness and the maximum size of aggregate used for PCCP overlay.

Ans. 18 cm. & 40 mm respectively

269. The recommended thickness of Hot Mix Asphalt Overlay depending on the expected traffic and the modulus
of the Cracked & Seated Pavement
 Ans. 3” to 5”

270. The type of the H2O reducing admixtures that are used to produced flowing concrete.

Ans. Super Plasticizers

271. Super Plasticizer can reduce the H2O content by ---- % and increase 24 hour strength.

Ans. a. 25 to 35 %
b. 50 to 70 %

272. Admixture which help incorporate a controlled amount of air in the form of minute bubbles by concrete
during mixing w/out significantly altering the setting or the rate of hardening characteristics of concrete.

Ans. Air Entraining Admixture

273. Admixture used to speed – up the initial set of concrete.

Ans. Accelerator

274. Material other than the basic ingredient of concrete mix immediately before or during mixing to modify one
or more of the specific properties of concrete in the fresh hardened states.

Ans. Admixture

275. A device use to measure the relative hardness of asphalt.

Ans. Penetrometer

276. Apparatus used in the specific gravity of asphalt.

Ans. Metal Pycnometer

277. Volatilization test which measures the relative proportion of asphalt to oil.

Ans. Distillation

278. Bowl shaped holes of various sizes in the pavement surface.

Ans. Potholes

279. Interconnected cracks forming a series of small blocks resembling on alligators skin
or chicken wire.

Ans. Alligator Cracking

280. The wearing away of the pavement surface caused by the dislodging of aggregate particles.

Ans. Raveling

281. A form of plastic movement typified by ripples (surface waves) across the pavement surface.

Ans. Corrugation

282. A form of plastic movement resulting in localized bulging of the pavement.

Ans. Shoving

283. Longitudinal surface depression in the wheel paths.

Ans. Rutting

284. The upward movements in an asphalt pavement in the formation of a film of asphalt.
 Ans. Bleeding

285. Cracks in asphalt concrete overlay surface that occur over joints in PCCP.

Ans. Reflection Cracking

286. In bituminous concrete surface coarse aggregates (C.A.,F.A. & mineral filler) accounts
for what percentage? Asphalt ?

Ans. Aggregate = 92 – 95 %
Asphalt = 5 - 8 %

287. It is a viscous liquid obtained from the distillation of coal or wood.

Ans. Tar

288. Are products of the distillation of crude oil.

Ans. Petroleum Asphalt

289. Are asphalt mixed with solvent to reduce their viscosity and makes them easier at
ordinary temperature.

Ans. Liquid Asphalt

290. Are mixtures of asphalt cement & water w/ emulsifying agent.

Ans. Asphalt Emulsions

291. Emulsified asphalt w/c works better with wet aggregate.

Ans. Cationic Asphalt

292. Emulsified asphalt emulsions w/c adhere better to aggregate w/c have positive charges.

Ans. Anionic Asphalt

293.A structural layer w/c accepts greater compressive stress than sub grade and reduce the deformation of the
pavement under traffic loading.

Ans. Sub-base Course

294. Reduce the vertical compressive stress induce by traffic in the sub-base and sub-grade.

Ans. Base course

295. Is the chief load bearing of gravel road.

Ans. Base or Sub-base Course

296. This shall be made of steel wire triple twisted to form a uniform hexagonal mesh pattern.

Ans. Gabions

297. Minimum density of gabions.

Ans. 1,400 kg/cu.m

298. Minimum size of galvanized steel wire.

 Ans. 2.70 mm Ø (0.106”) US gauge No. 12

299. What is the wire used in tying the perimeter edges of mesh forming the gabions.

Ans. Salvaged Wire

300. What is the size of salvage wire.

Ans. 3.4 mm Ø or (0.134”Ø) ( 1998 specs.)

US wire gauge No. 10 ( 1995 specs. )

301. If the type of soil in item 200 material is non-plastic, what Atterberg Limit test can be performed/

Ans. Liquid Limit

302. What is the diameter of the wire?

Ans. 2.2 mm ( min. ) or gauge # 16

303. Weighted loss of F.A. subjected to 5 cycles of the sodium sulfate soundness test should not exceed----- ( for
PCCP )

Ans. 10 mass % minimum

304. What is the weighted loss of C.A. when subjected to 5 cycles of sodium sulfate soundness test, (PCCP )

Ans. 12 mass % minimum

305. Small air spaces that occur between the coated aggregate particles in a compacted mix.

Ans. Air Voids

CALCULATIONS

Bitumen Content = Orig. wt. of sample – wt. after extraction x 100

of Asphalt Wt. of sample after extraction

INDEX OF RETAINED STRENGTH

IRS = Wet Compressive Strength x 100

Dry Compressive Strength

SAMPLE

Dry, p = 2.99 ton

X section area = 114 ² = 12.566 sq.m.
4
= 12.566 x 254 ² = 8,107.32 mm ²

Comp.Str. = 2.99 x 1000 = 0.3688 kg / mm ²

Dry 8,107.32
= 0.3688 x 9.8 x 10
= 3.614 KN / sq.m.

Wet P = 2.84 A = 8,107.52 mm ²

Cos. Wet = 2.84 x 1000 x 9.8 x10 ²
8,107.52
= 3,433 KN / sq.m.

IRS = 3433 x 100 = 95 %

3614

Specification Requirement = 70 % (min)

Bulk Specific Gravity Of Asphalt

Sp. Gr. = Mass in Air

Mass in SSD – Mass in H2O

Bitumen Content

Sample:
Orig. mass = 850 grams
Mass of sample after extraction = 802 grams
Bitumen extracted = 850 - 802 = 48 grams

Bitumen Cont. = 48 X 100 = 6.0 %

802

From Job Mix Formula

Asphalt Content = 5.8 % by mass aggregate

Tolerance Blue Book = ± 0.4 %

Spec’s Requirement = 5.4 to 6.2 %

Fineness Modulus of Sand

= Sum of % Retained from 3/8” sieve to # 100

100

306. Spaces that exist between the aggregate particles in a compacted mix including spaces
filled w/ asphalt.

Ans. Voids in Mineral Aggregate (VMA)

307. When the compacted thickness of the road mix surface is to be more than 50 mm(2”), the
mixture shall be spread from the windrow and compacted in.

Ans. Two Layers

308. What will be done to the first layer of item 306 b4 the 2nd layer is spread.

Ans. To be bladed and rolled first

309. What percent of hydrated lime shall be added to the mixture during mixing operation of item 306.

Ans. 0.5 to 1.0 mass %

310. What is the proportion of bituminous material on the basis on the total dry aggregates.

Ans Cut Back = 4.5 to 7.0 mass %

Emulsified = 6.0 to 10.0 mass %

311. The measured amount of cement content shall be within what percent of the cement content.

Ans. ±2%

312. For mixers less than 1.5 cu.m. capacity, what is the minimum mixing time.
 Ans. 60 seconds

313. For mixers having a capacity greater than 1.5 cu.m.

Ans. not less than 90 seconds

314. If high early strength cement is used in casting piles, piles shall not be moved, transported or
driven prior to.

Ans. 7 days after casting

315. These are the planes of weakness created by forming or cutting grooves in the surface of the
pavement and shall include load transfer assemblies.

Ans. Transverse Contraction Joint

316. This is formed by installing a parting strip to be left in place as shown on the plans.

Ans. Transverse Strip Contraction Joint

317. This is created by sawing grooves in the surfaces in the pavement of the width, depth
and at the spacing and lines on the plans, w/ an approved concrete saw.

Ans. Sawed Contraction Joint

318. This shall be constructed when there is an interruption of more than 30 minutes in the
concreting operation.

Ans. Transverse Construction Joint

319. This shall be held in position parallel to the surface and center line of the slab by a metal
device that is left in the pavement.

Ans. Load Transfer Device (Dowel)

320. Minimum length of concrete pile.

Ans. 3.0 meters

321. This paint that is prepared especially for tree surgery is required for cut or scarred surface of
trees or shrubs selected for retention.

Ans. Asphaltum Base Paint

322. Minimum depth of undisturbed stumps and roots and non perishable solid objects below sub grade
or slope or embankment that will not be subjected for removal.

Ans. 1.0 meter below sub-grade

323. The height at w/c the diameter of tree should be measured.

Ans. 1.4 m above the ground

338. In stone masonry, what is the maximum projection of rock faces beyond the pitch line.

Ans. Not more than 50 mm

339. The minimum thickness of aluminum sheeting required for warming regulatory and information signs.

Ans. 3 mm thick

340. What is the shape of warning signs?

Ans. Triangle shapes

341. Regulatory signs?

Ans. Circular shapes

342. Informatory signs?

Ans. Rectangular shapes

343. What is the diameter and height of fall of the metal ball to be dropped to the aluminum sheeting that
determine if there will be cracking or reduction of reflectivity of road signs?

Ans. 25 mm Ø, 2..0 m high

344. This shall consist of beads of good quality optically clear, lead free glass with not less than 90 % reasonably
spherical and free from flaws.

Ans. Ballotini for Reflective Road paint

345. What is the rate of application of traffic paint to the pavement?

Ans. 0.33 L / sq.m.

346. The rate of application of Bituminous Tack Coat.

Ans. 0.2 to 0.70 liter / sq.m.

347. The rate of application of Bituminous Seal Coat.

Ans. 0.9 to 1.8 liters / sq. m. for Asphalt Cement

1.5 to 3.0 liters / sq. m. for cut - back

348. The rate of application of the cover aggregate after the application of seal coat.

Ans. 0.004 to 0.007 cu. m. / sq. m.

349. What determine the effect of water on the cohesion of the mix?

Ans. Immersion / Compression Test

350. What determines if the grading of the mix conform w/ the job mix formula specification.

Ans. Grading Test

351. The ability of asphalt mix to resist deformation from imposed load.
 Ans. Stability

352. The ability of the asphalt mix to the detrimental effects of air, water, temperature and traffic.

Ans. Durability

353. The ability of the mix to bend slightly w/out cracking and to conform to gradual settlements
and movements of the base and sub-grade.

Ans. Flexibility

354. The ability of the mix to withstand repeated flexing caused by the passage of wheel loads.

Ans. Fatique Resistance

355. The ability of the mix to offer resistance, to slipping or skidding of the vehicle tire.

Ans. Skid Resistance

356. The case with w/c the paving mixture may be placed and compacted.

Ans. Workability

357. When the asphalt mix is difficult to place and has rough surface, it has.

Ans. Large maximum size particle

358. When the asphalt mix is hard to compact.

Ans. Excessive Coarse Aggregate

359. When there are uncoated aggregate to the mixture, rough surface and hard to compact.

Ans. Mix Temperature is too low

360. When the asphalt mix shoves under roller, remains tender.

Ans. Too much medium-size sand

361. When the mix is tender and highly permeable.

Ans. Low mineral filler content

362. When the mix is dry and gummy, hard to handle and not durable.

Ans. High mineral filler content

363. What is the effect of low asphalt of the mixture.

Ans. Fatigue Cracking

364. What is the effect when there is excess asphalt in the mixture.

Ans. Bleeding and low skid resistance

365. When the surface of the pavement is too smooth and there is hydroplaning.

Ans. Poorly texture or graded aggregate

366 The mix has thin asphalt film and this will cause early aging and raveling.

Ans. Low Asphalt Content

367. Water and air can easily enter pavement causing oxidation and disintegration.

Ans. High void Contents in Design mix

368. This will result in high voids in pavement, leading to water infiltration and low strength.

Ans. Inadequate Compaction

369. This effect in wash boarding resulting and flushing or bleeding.

Ans. Excess Asphalt in Mixture

370. When there is tenderness during rolling and for period after construction it is difficult to compact.

Ans. Excess medium size sand in mixture

371. What is the effect when the rounded aggregate has little or no crushed surfaces.

Ans. Rutting and Channeling.

372. When the re is early hardening of asphalt followed by cracking or disintegration.

Ans. High Void Content or Lack of Compaction

373. When there is excessive bending followed by fatigue cracking.

Ans. Inadequate Pavement Thickness

374. When the asphalt film strips from aggregate leaving an abraided raveled or mushy pavement.

Ans. Water Susceptible Aggregate in the mixture ( Hydrophilles )

ALLIGATOR CRACKS (Causes):

A. Poor or inadequate curing practices.

B. An excessively high slump, over- trowelling the surface or over-compressing can

depress coarse aggregate. This produces an excessive concentration of cement paste
and fines at the surface. This overly rich surface is then a prime candidate for cracking.

C. Finishing or bull-floating concrete w/ bleed H2O on the surface, over- trowelling or

premiere trowelling increase the water / cement ratio, creating a weak surface layer
and adding to the susceptibility of cracking and later dusting.

D. Additional Dry Cement sprinkled on the surface to dry up an overlay wet surface can
cause alligator cracking.

E.Additional H2O added to the surface of dry shake and toppings as finishing and is
another prime cause of alligator cracking.

Alligator cracks usually 3 mm deep.

Plastic Shrinkage cracks are generally 1.0 meter apart and 12 mm deep.

375. It is a network of fine, random cracks on the surface and is caused by the shrinkage of the concrete
 surface layer.

Ans. Alligator ( Craze ) Cracking

376. This type of cracking appears on the surface of freshly placed concrete during finishing operation or soon
after.

Ans. Plastic Shrinkage Cracking

378. The Specified Flexural Strength for paving concrete using midpoint loading is.

Ans. 650 psi

379. Based on the maximum dry density obtained by laboratory test, the degree of compaction required for
aggregate sub-base should be at least.

Ans. 100 %

380. Per our present specification for highways and bridges including amendments, it is mandatory to
open PCCP to traffic not later than.

Ans. 14 days after pouring

381. The slump test on concrete is a measure of.

Ans. Consistency

382. Per POW, the estimated volume of Item 201 is 7,500 cu.m. How many grading and plasticity test are
required. 1,500

Ans. 5

383. Item 201 material with CBR value of 75 % ( w/c is 5% less than the minimum requirement ) can still be used
in the design of a concrete pavement that the following are considered except one.

Ans. The foundation contain unsuitable material.

384. Over-sanded and under- sanded concrete mix require more H2O to have better workability, but this will only
result in the following except one.

Ans. Water Tightness

385. Rate of application of emulsified asphalt ( item 302- Bituminous Tack Coat ) used as Tack Coat should be
w/in the range of.

Ans. 0.2 – 0.7 L / sq.m.

386. Accepted required speed in Compacting is.

Ans. 3 -5 km / hr.

387. Bulldozer maybe used for moving earth effectively at a maximum distance of.

Ans. 100 l.m.

388. Auger boring maybe made at an average interval of.

Ans. 250 meters

389. In what thickness that soft rock must be excavated below sub-grade elevation.
 Ans. 150 mm.

390. The maximum % abrasion loss allowed for concrete C.A. is.

Ans. 40 %

391. The P.I. of aggregate base course should be not greater than.

Ans. 6

392. The natural H2O content of highly organic soils is.

Ans. more than 100 %

UNSUITABLE MATERIALS

a. Materials containing detrimental quantities of organic material such as

grass, roots and sewerage.
b. Highly organic soils such as Peat & Muck
c. Soils with liquid limit exceeding 80 & or PI > 55.
d. Soils with a natural H2O content > 100 %
e. Soils with very low density, 800 kg / cu.m. or below

SUBBASE AND BASE COURSE

A. Sub – base Course

The fraction passing the 0.075 mm ( No. 200 ) sieve shall not be greater than 0.66 %
of the fraction passing the 0.425 mm ( No. 40 ) sieve.

The fraction passing the 0.425 mm ( No. 40 ) sieve shall have a Liquid Limit not
greater than 35 and PI not greater than 12.

The coarse portion retained on a 2.00 mm ( No. 10 ) sieve, shall have a mass %

of wear not exceeding 50 by the Los Angeles Abrasion Test

The material shall have a soaked CBR value of not less than 25 %.

When the thickness is more than 150 mm, one aggregate sub-base shall be spread
and compacted two ( 2) or more layers.

B. Aggregate Base Course

The fraction passing the 0.075mm ( # 200 ) sieve shall not be greater than 0.65 ( 2/3 )
of the fraction passing the 0.425mm ( # 40 ) sieve.

The fraction passing the 0.425mm ( # 40 ) sieve shall have liquid limit not greater than
25 and PI not greater than 6.

The coarse portion, retained on a 2.00mm ( # 10 ) sieve shall have a mass % wear not
exceeding 50 % by the Los Angeles Abrasion Test.

The material passing the 19mm ( ¾ ) sieve shall have a soaked CBR value not
less than 80 %.

343. Measurement wherein the asphalt begins to melt.

Ans. Softening Point

344. Consistency test for asphalt.

Ans. Viscosity

345. Factors affecting workability of bituminous mixes.

Ans. Gradation of aggregates, Quality of asphalt and Temperature of the mix.

346. The primary quality control mechanism for the production of asphalt mixes with high degree
of uniformity that will satisfy job requirement.

Ans. Job Mix Formula

347. The first phase of rolling the spread bituminous mixture is called.

Ans. Breakdown

348. How can we determine whether the batch weights obtained from the design mix shall be adopted

Ans. If the strength requirement is wet after testing the trial mix, then the design mix then
the design mix shall be adopted.

349. If the soil consist mostly of fine grained soils, what test must be conducted to determine its
grain size?

Ans. Sieve analysis and Hydrometer Test are to be conducted to determine its grain size.

350. If the P.I. of soil is 15 % and spec’s required P.I. of 4 to 9, what will you do?

Ans. Blend materials with sources with lower P.I. then test using PL & LL to determine
whether it passes the required spec’s.

351. How does the water cement ratio affect concrete strength?

Ans. The lower is the water – cement ratio, the higher is the strength of concrete.
The higher is the water – cement ratio, the lower is the strength of concrete.

352. This is a high-tech equipment containing radio active source. The most common application of this
equipment are in the compaction control of earth and asphalt and construction and in the
measurement of moisture of insulated roof.

Ans. Nuclear Density Gauge

353. This are widely used for examining the quality of rigid material such as rocks and concrete.

Ans. Pundit Ultrasonic Concrete Tester

354. It is used for surface test of concrete and asphalt as soon as the concrete has hardened sufficiently on as
soon as the asphalt mix has been initially compacted.

Ans. 3 - meter straight edge

355. This is used for the rapid in-site measurement of the structural properties of existing road
pavements with unbound granular materials.

Ans. Dynamic Core Penetrometer

356. This is an equipment which is used to measure differential deflection between joints of a concrete
pavement, to determine the modulus of the existing slabs for use in the design of an overlay and
to estimate the remaining life of an existing pavement.

Ans. Falling Weight Deflectometer

357. It is an instrument used to measure pavement deflection resulting from vehicle wheel loading.

Ans. Benkelman Beam

358. This cracks develop before the concrete has hardened, usually bet. one and eight lines and after
placing and occur on or near the surface of concrete.

Ans. Plastic Cracks

359. This cracks may take several week to develop, usually occur when large volumes of plain concrete
are placed because of restrained to contraction on cooling from a temperature peak caused by the
heat of hydration of cement.

Ans. Thermal Cracks

360. This cracks in large sections are induced by tensile stresses due to internal restraining caused by
differential shrinkage between the surface and the interior of the concrete.

Ans. Drying Shrinkage Cracks

361. This joints are provided to relieve the tensile stresses due to temperature, moisture of friction
thereby controlling cracking.

Ans. Contraction or Weakened Plane Joint

362. The primary function of this joints is to provide space for the expansion of the pavement, thereby
preventing the development of compressive stresses, which can cause the pavement to buckle.

Ans. Expansion Joints

363. This joints are required to facilitate construction to control the magnitude of temperature warping
stresses to prevent longitudinal cracking of the pavement.

Ans. Construction Joint

364. In breaking the cylinder samples, the load should be applied at uniform rate with the range of ------
per minute.

Ans. 20 – 50 psi

365. For flexural

Ans. 120 – 125 psi

366. Ends of cylinder samples which are not plane with in --------- shall capped.

Ans. 0.050 mm

367. Samples dried in an oven or other drying apparatus at a temperature not exceeding --------- are
considered to be air- dried.

Ans. 60 º C

368. A concrete road section was not accepted for payment because beam samples representing said
section failed to meet specified straight requirement. As material engineers of the project, what
would you recommended -------- conduct T- core test for strength.

Ans. Determination

369. Specification Requirement

Mortar Strength
3 days ----------------------- 12.4 MPa min.
7 days ----------------------- 19.3 MPa min.
 28 days ----------------------- 27.6 MPa min.

Initial setting of Cement = 60 min. minimum

Final Setting = 600 min. maximum

Loss on ignition = 3 % max.

Insoluble Residue Test = 0.75 % max.
Sulfur Residue Test = 3 % max.
Magnesium Oxide Test = 6 % max.
Air content = 12 % max.
Base Metal = 0.4 ± 0.06
Triple Spot = 215 min.
Single Spot = 185 min.

370. Significance in the determination of the tensile properties RSB.

Ans. This method is intended to determine the yield and tensile strength of the bar as well
as its elongation and is used to classify the bars into grade.

371. This is an effective and economical method to prevent onset of reflective cracking

Ans. Cracking and Seating PCCP

372. A permissible surface variance of item 301

Ans. 10 mm / cu.m. or 3/8 “ / 10’

373. The sampling requirement of bituminous mix.

Ans. One sample for every 75 cu.m. / 130 tons

374. The second phase of rolling the spread bituminous mixture is intermediate rolling which is
responsible to attain the max. density, the rolling is carried out by.

Ans. Steel Roller

375. What is the significance of final rolling?

Ans. To remove the roller mark to previous rolling in order to have a good look
with a temperature of 160 º F.

376. What is the minimum degree of compaction of asphalt pavement.

Ans. Not less than 95 % of the density of the Laboratory compacted specimen.

378. How many gradation ranges for hot plant mix bituminous pavement are there in Blue Book.

Ans. Seven ( 7 )

379. The cored samples of asphalt pavement is measure at.

Ans. Approximately quarter point

380. If no core had been taken at the end of each day’s operation and the project has already been
completed, a core shall be taken for.

Ans. every 100 LM/lane or fraction thereof

381. Too much asphalt contact in bituminous mixes causes.

Ans. Bleeding
382. The design of concrete mix specified by the blue book is based on.

Ans. Absolute volume method

383. The initial setting of Portland Cement is not less than.

Ans. 60 minutes

384. The final setting time of Portland Cement is.

Ans. 10 hours

385. breaking PCCP into pieces and rolling to seat the pieces prior to overlaying w/ new concrete

Ans. Cracking and Seating of PCCP

386. The apparatus used in determining the fineness of Portland Cement by Air Permeability.

Ans. Blaine Air Permeability Apparatus

387. A mixture of cement and water is called.

Ans. Cement Paste

388. The apparatus used to determine the initial & final setting of cement in the laboratory.

Ans. Vicat Apparatus / Gilmore Needle

389. The compressive strength of cement mortar samples in seven days is not less than.

Ans. 19.3 MPa

390. These are two layers in performing sampling of beam samples, How many number of blows
are required per layer?

Ans. 63 blows or 1 blow / 2 sq.in.

391. For cylindrical samples.

Ans. 25 blows

392. The minimum testing requirement for every project is indicated in a duly approved

Ans. Quality Control Program

393. It is prescribed in each project based on estimated quantities and specifies the kind and number
of test for each item of work.

Ans. Minimum Testing Requirement

394. This determine the purity of asphalt.

Ans. Solubility

395. The lowest temperature at which volatile material separate from a sample in sufficient
concentration to flash in the presence of an open flame.

Ans. Flash Point

396. The lowest temperature at which the asphalt cement will catch fire and burn

Ans. Fire Point

397. This is the viscosity used to grade asphalt cement

Ans. Viscosity at ( 60 º C ) 140 º F

398. This is the viscosity of asphalt during mixing and lay down.

Ans. Viscosity at 275 º F ( 135 º C )

399. This is the ability of asphalt to stick to the aggregate in the paving mixture

Ans. Adhesion

400. This is the ability of asphalt to hold the aggregate particles firmly implaced
in the finished pavement.

Ans. Cohesion

401. This is essential in the determination of the percentage of air void in the compacted pavement.

Ans. Specific Gravity of Asphalt

402. This is the average value of the coating mass of the three test specimen cast from G.I. sheet.

Ans. Triple Spot – spaces required = 215 mm.

403. Out of the three specimens taken by the triple spot test method, this is the specimen showing
the lightest coating.

Ans. Single Spot – space required = 185 mm

404. Concrete shall not be dropped more than

Ans. 5 feet / 1.50 meters

405. This is the ability of asphalt to hold the aggregate firmly implaced in the finished pavement.

Ans. Cohesion

406. This is essential in the determination of the percentage of air void in the compacted pavement.

Ans. Specific Gravity of Asphalt

407. The allowable variation in weights in RSB as per specification

Ans. 6%

408. The solvent used in extraction of bitumen

Ans. Gasoline

409. The percent bitumen content is computed base on.

Ans. By mass of dry aggregate

410. This method is used to determine the grading of aggregate extracted from bituminous mixtures.

Ans. Mechanical analysis of extracted aggregate

411.The drying temperature of samples.

Ans. 110 + / - 5 degrees Centigrade

412. This is used in calculating the unit weight of the mixture and the degree of compaction of the
asphalt pavement.
Ans. Bulk Specific Gravity of compacted bituminous mixtures using saturated surface
dry specimens.

413. The component of bituminous mixes which range from 92 to 95 %.

Ans. Bituminous blended aggregates

414. It is a property of bituminous mixes in pavement, a resistance to deformation or displacement due to

an imposed load or repeated loading.

Ans. Stability

415. A property of bituminous mixes in pavement, a resistance to disintegration or deterioration due to the
action of water, traffic and changing climate.

Ans. Durability

416. A property of bituminous mixes in pavement, the ability of the pavement to adjust itself to the
settlement.

Ans. Flexibility

417. Factors affecting workability of bituminous mixes.

Ans. Gradation of aggregate, quality of asphalt and temperature of mix.

418. In the immersion – compression stability of the Philippines, sample has diameter of 4 inches
and the height is 4 inches of which the wet molded asphalt sample is submerged in water for.

Ans. Four days

419. The dry molded asphalt sample in the immersion compression test is submerged in water for.

Ans. 24 hours

420. The percent index retention is computed in the formula

Ans. Wet Stability / Dry Stability x 100

421. The sampling requirement of bituminous mixes is

Ans. One sample for every 75 cu.m. or 130 tons

422. The application of liquid asphaltic material on a prepared untreated base is

Ans. Prime Coating

423. The application of liquid asphaltic material to an existing surface of a base is

Ans. Tack Coat

424. The application of asphaltic material and aggregate to an existing surface for the purpose of
sealing it against the infiltration of water or surface moisture.

Ans. Seal Coat

425. The rate of application of prime coating using cutback asphalt is

Ans. 1 to 2 liters / sq.m.

426. The prime coat shall be left undisturbed for at least

 Ans. 24 hours

427. The rate of application of tack coating using liquid or emulsified asphalt is

Ans. 0.2 – 0.7 liters / sq.m.

428. The rate of application of seal coat using asphalt cement is

Ans. 0.9 – 1.8 liters / sq.m.

429. The rate of application of seal coat using cutback asphalt is

Ans. 1.5 – 3.0 liters / sq.m.

430. The primary quality control mechanism for the production of asphalt mixes with high degree of
uniformity that will satisfy job requirements

Ans. Job – mix formula

431. The objective of designing the asphalt mixture is determination of

Ans.

432. The percent asphalt content in the hot laid bituminous mixtures ranges from

Ans. 5 – 8 percent

433. Placing temperature for bituminous mixture in the truck prior to dumping

Ans. at least 107 degree Centigrade

434. The type of cement to be used in the DPWH infrastructure projects as indicated in the blue book

Ans. Portland Cement Type 1

435. If the coarse aggregate is subjected to five cycles of sodium sulfate soundness test, the weighted
loss shall not exceed

Ans. 12 mass percent

436. If the fine aggregates is subjected to five cycles of sodium sulfate soundness test, the weighted
loss shall not exceed

Ans. 10 mass percent

437. Mass percent of wear of coarse aggregate for item 311 when tested by AASHTO T90 is not
greater than

Ans. 40 %

438. The design of concrete mix specified by the blue book is based on

Ans. Absolute Volume Method

439. The minimum flexural strength requirement of beam sample when tested by third point loading
method

Ans. 3.8 Mpa or 550 psi

440. The minimum flexural strength requirement of beam sample when tested by Midpoint method
 Ans. 4.5 Mpa or 650 psi

441. Additives used in mixing concrete

Ans. Admixtures

442. Determines the consistency of concrete

Ans. Slump Test

443. Equipment used in the consolidation of fresh concrete

Ans. Vibrator

444. The final setting time of Portland cement

Ans. 10 hrs.

445. The standard sand used in testing the mortar strength of Portland cement

Ans. Ottawa sand

446. The apparatus used in determining the fineness of Portland by air Permeability

Ans. Blaine Air Permeability Apparatus

447. A mixture of cement and water is called

Ans. Cement paste

448. The apparatus used to determine the initial and final setting of cement in the laboratory

Ans. Gillmore Needles

449. What is the appearance of the molded cement paste which fails to meet autoclave expansion

Ans. Crumble

450. The critical number of days of curing concrete

Ans. First seven days

451. The standard dimension of a concrete cylindrical sample

Ans. 6” dia. and a height of 12”

452. There are two layers in performing sampling of beam samples. How many number of blows
required per layer?

Ans. 63 blows

453. Determine the thickness and density of compacted of asphalt pavement

Ans. Core Test

454. The formula which determine the proportion of the mix which can meet the desired strength
requirement of concrete
 Ans. Design of concrete mix

455. The minimum testing requirement for every project is indicated in a duly approved

Ans. Quality Control Program

456. Embankment materials delivered at the job site was about 12,000 cu.m. The minimum test
requirement calls 1 – GP, C for every 1,500 cu.m. What is the number of minimum tests?

Ans. 8 – G,P,C

457. There is 1 – Q of cement required for every

Ans. 2,000 bags of fraction thereof

458. How many set of beam samples taken for every 75 cu.m. of concrete poured per day?

Ans. One set

459. In a completed pavement, what is the minimum core samples required before payment effected
( Assuming that the thickness is 23 cm. )

Ans. Five holes per km. / lane

460. In a barangay road, what is the minimum requirement for thickness determination of its
completed pavement?

Ans. P.E. Certificate

461. A quality test is one of the minimum requirement for item 200 – Aggregate Sub-base Course.

Ans. True

462. In item 311 and 405, grading is performed

Ans. for every 75 cu.m. or fraction thereof

463. For pipe culverts and storm drains, the minimum test is 1- Pipe for every 50 pcs.
What is the alternative requirement?

Ans. 1 – set consisting of 3 cylinder samples for not more than 25 pipes cast in the field and
1 – Inspection report for each size for not more than 25 pipes cast in the field.

464. The minimum test requirement test of paints

Ans. 1 – sample for every 100 cans or fraction thereof

465. The minimum requirement test for water in concrete for a questionable source is

Ans. Quality Test

466. The different test for soil classification are.

Ans. Grading

467. The apparatus/equipment used in the liquid limit and plastic limit tests

Ans. Atterberg Device and glass plate

468. Method of laboratory sampling.

Ans. by using mechanical splitter / quartering

469. In laboratory compaction test/moisture density relations of soil, what is the specification of
rammer as per ASSHTO T99

Ans.. 5.5 lb.(2.5 kg) w/ 12 inches drop

470. What is the specification of mass percent passing in sieve 0.075 mm (No.200) grading “A”
for aggregate base coarse.

Ans.. 0 - 12

471. The number of specimen samples in testing concrete hollowblocks.

Ans. 6 pieces / 20,000 units (3 for absorption test & 3 for strength test)

472. Is it really necessary to cure concrete specimen?

Ans. Yes

473. What is the plasticity index of a mineral filler?

Ans. Not greater than 4

474. What is the dimension of the concrete cylindrical sample

Ans. 6” dia. and 12” high

475. In the absence of concrete beam molds at the project site, are concrete cylindrical molds are
allowed by the specifications to be used in the sampler for item 311 – PCCP

Ans. Yes

476. The minimum percent compaction for embankment

Ans. 95 %

477. The minimum percent compaction for base of the road

Ans. 100 %

478. The CBR value of aggregate sub base coarse is not less than

Ans. 80 %

479. The minimum compressive strength for class “A” concrete is

Ans. 3,000 psi. (20.7 MN/sq.m.)

480. Significance in the determination of the Tensile properties of the reinforcing steel bar

Ans. this method is intended to determine the yield and tensile strength of the bar as well as
its elongation, and it use to classify the bars into grade

481. A tie bar shall be

Ans. deformed bar

482. A dowel bar shall be

Ans. plain round bar

483. The mortar for masonry shall consist of

Ans. one part of Portland cement & 2 parts sand

484. Only Type___ Portland cement shall be used for pavement

Ans. Type I

485. Samples of cement shall be obtained in accordance with ASSHTO____

Ans. T - 127

486. Fine aggregates shall not contain more than _______ mass percent of material passing
no. 200 sieve by washing.

Ans. Three ( 3 )

487. Coarse aggregates shall not contain more than ________mass percent of material passing
no. 200 sieve by washing.

Ans. One ( 1 )

488. Coarse aggregates shall have a mass percent of wear not exceeding ________when tested
by AASHTO T 96.

Ans. Forty ( 40 )

489. Storage buildings shall have the capacity for storage of a sufficient quantity of cement to allow
sampling at least ________days before the cement is to be used.

Ans. 12 days

490. In order to secure greater uniformity of concrete mix the Engineer may require that the
coarse aggregates be __________.

Ans. Separated into 2 or more sizes.

491. The engineer shall determine from lab test of the materials to be used, the cement content and
the aggregates proportion and water that will produce a workable concrete having a slump
of between _______and ______mm if not vibrated or between ______and _____mm if vibrated.
Ans. 40 mm to 75 mm
10 mm to 40 mm

492. Scale for weighing aggregate and cement shall be accurate within _____% through the range of
use. Scales shall be inspected and sealed as often as the Engineer may check necessary to assure
their continued accuracy.

Ans. 0.5 %

493. Concrete that is completely mixed in a truck mixer shall have ______to ______revolutions at the
mixing speed indicated in the manufacturer’s plate attached to the units to produce the
uniformity of concrete.

Ans. 4 to 6

494. All washed aggregates and aggregates produced or hauled by hydraulic methods shall be
stockpiled or binned for draining at least_______ hours being batched.

Ans. 12 hours

495. When cement is placed in contact with the aggregates, batches may be rejected unless mixed
within _______ hours of such contact.

Ans. 1 ½ hours

496. Batching shall be so as to result in the weight to each material required within a tolerance of
 _____% for cement and ______% for aggregates. The accuracy of measuring the water should
be within a range of error of not over _______%.

Ans. 1% ; 2% and 1%

497. When mixed at the site or in a central mixing plant, the mixing time shall not be less than 50
seconds nor more than 90 seconds unless mixer performance test prove adequate mixing
of the concrete in a shorter time period.

498. The batches shall be so charged into the drum that the portion the portion of the mixing water shall
enter in advance of the cement and aggregates.

The flow of water shall be uniform and all water should be in the drum by the end of the first
15 seconds of the mixing period.

499. The time elapsed from the time water is added to the mix until the concrete is deposited in place
at the site shall not exceed 90 minutes when concrete is hauled in truck mixers.

500. When concrete delivered in truck mixers, additional water be added to the batch and additional
mixing performed to increase the slum to meet the specified requirements if permitted by the
Engineer, provided all these operations are performed within 45 minutes after the initial mixing
operations and the water and cement ratio is not exceeded.

501. Concrete not placed within 90 minutes from the time the ingredients were charged into the
mixing drum shall not be used.

502. The completed pavement shall be accepted on a lots basis. A lot shall be considered as 500 lin.m.
double lane.

503. This is the process of producing a fill, sub-grade road base, or road surface w/c is capable of
withstanding the existing traffic under all weather and moisture conditions.

Ans. Soil stabilization

504. It is the process of improving a soil by the addition of other soil elements in the proper proportions
so that the blended mixture when compacted in the road will be capable of supporting traffic
under all weather conditions.

Ans. Granular Stabilization

505. It is the process of mixing intimately pulverized soil and bituminous material to supply cohesion
to the mixture and for the purpose of waterproofing.

Ans. Bituminous Stabilization ( Mixture 4 to 7 % total dry soil )

506. This is a intimate mixture of pulverized soil, Portland cement / lime and water w/c is thoroughly
composed while in a moist condition to form hydrates and crystallizes.

Ans. Cement / Lime Stabilization

507. The mass % wear of soil aggregate used in cement / lime stabilization should not be more than

Ans. 50 %

508. The P.I. of soil aggregate used in cement / lime stabilization

Ans. from 4 - 10

509. Minimum stability requirements of Cement / Lime stabilization

Ans. Unconfined Compressive Strength 7 days = 2.10 Mpa

Bearing Capacity ( Soak CBR ) = 100 % min.
510. This is type in which chemicals singly or in combination, are mixed w/ the soil to render at a
suitable road materials.

Ans. Chemical Stabilization

511. This is used in soil stabilization road surfaces due to its hygroscopic property, that is, it absorbs
and retain water.

Ans. Calcium Chloride

512. This is new method of soil stabilization being introduced to improve the properties of soil
which is effective and at the same time cheaper.

Ans. Stabilization by the use of Geotextiles.

513. These are synthetic permeable fabrics used w/ geotechnical materials as an integrated part
of a man – made project, structure or system.

Ans. Geotextile

514. The uniform rate at which the movable head of the CBR machine travels

Ans. 0.05 in / minute

515. How does the water- cement ratio affect concrete strength?

Ans. The lower is the water – ratio, the higher is the strength of concrete and the higher the
water – cement ratio, the lower is the strength.

516. The apparatus used to measure the thickness or height of compacted bituminous paving mixture.

Ans. Vernier Caliper

517. It is used in calculating the unit weight of the mixture and the degree of compaction of the
asphalt pavement.

Ans. Bulk specific Gravity of compacted bituminous mixtures using saturated

surface dry specimen

518. The test which covers the quantitative determination of bitumen in hot – mixed paving mixtures
and pavement samples for specification acceptance service evaluation, control and research.

Ans. Extraction

519. Soil classification that is most known and is being used locally is conform to

Ans. AASHTO M – 145

520. Materials containing 35 % or less passing the 0.075 mm sieve.

Ans. Granular Materials

521. Special materials of this group is a well graded mixture of stone fragments or gravel, sand
fine sand and non – plastic binder of fine material.

Ans. Group A - 1

522. These includes of materials consisting predominantly of stone fragments or gravel, with or
without a well – graded binder of fine material.

Ans. Subgroup A – 1 – a

523. The materials passing more than 35 % on 0.075 mm sieve.

 Ans. S4 – Clay Materials

Index ( GI ) = ( F – 35 ) ( 0.2 – 0.005 ( LL – 10 ) – 0.01 ( F – 15 ) ( PI – 10 )

F = % passing 0.075 mm sieve ( in whole number )

LL = numerical Liquid Limit ( in whole number )
PI = Plasticity Index ( in whole number )

524. Each log shall be divided into 5 equal segments and one core will be obtained from one
segment in accordance with AASHTO T24.

525. Aggregates account for 95 – 95 % of the weight of the bituminous mix while asphalt accounts
for 5 – 8 % of the weight of the mix. The exact percentage to be used is determined by the

Ans. Job Mix

526. Blue – Smoke is an indication that the asphalt is over – heated.

527. In checking the temperature of the mix, the thermometer should be inserted into the mix at
least 6 inches.
527. The maximum speed of the roller during compaction operations is 5 kph.

528. Bituminous Tack Coat is applied on existing bituminous or cement concrete surface with
bituminous materials.

529. Specification requires 1 Quality test for every 40 tons of asphalt.

530. It is required that in determining the thickness of the finished asphalt pavement, 4 measurements
are taken on core specimen taken there from.

540. The penetration test is an indication of the hardness of the asphalt.

541. A sample from a bituminous mix weighs 1000 g. A extraction, it was found out that the dry
aggregates weighed 950 g. What is the % of asphalt content by weight of mix?

Ans. 5%

542. The Marshall Stability is the most commonly used method in the design and evaluation of
bituminous concrete mixes.

543. Another name for asphalt joint filter is Blown Asphalt

544. In asphalting works, there are 3 phases of rolling.

545. The Extraction test determines the asphalt content in the bituminous mix.

546. In a bituminous mix, there are 3 kinds of aggregates. What kind passes the no. 200 sieve.

Ans. Mineral Filler

547. Liquid asphalt are also called ________.

Ans. Cutback Asphalt

548. The required water – cement ratio for concrete exposed to weathering

Ans. 0.53 by weight

549. This react with the alkali in cement and caused excessive expansion and shattering of the concrete
 Ans. Opaline Silica in aggregate

550. This caused expansion of the concrete and such expansion causes cracks in the structure

Ans. High magnesium content of cement

551. The desirable range of fineness modulus of the fine aggregates

Ans. 2.50 – 3.00 ± 0.10

552. Density of concrete per cu. meter

Ans. 2406 kg.

553. It means porosity or perviousness of the asphalt mixture. Prevents water from entering the base
through the surface

Ans. Permeability

554. The equipment used in dissolving the asphalt in the mixture of known weight in a suitable
solvent from the aggregate

Ans. Rotarex Centrifruge

555. The newly develop equipment of dissolving asphalt that does not require constant attention

Ans. Reflux Extractor