BANGALORE UNIVERSITY

CA-C5P: DATA STRUCTURES LAB

1. Given {4,7,3,2,1,7,9,0} find the location of 7 using Linear and Binary search and also display its first occurrence
//Given {4,7,3,2,1,7,9,0} find the location of 7 using
// Linear search and Binary search and also display its
// first occurance

# include<stdio.h>
# include<conio.h>

void LINEAR_SEARCH(int a[10], int n, int key)

{
int i,found=0;
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
if(key==a[i])
{
printf("\n %d found at a[%d]",key,i);
found=1;
break;
}
}
if(found==0)
printf("\n Element not found in the list");
}

void BINARY_SEARCH(int a[10], int key, int first, int last)

{
int mid;
mid=(first+last)/2;

if(key < a[mid])

BINARY_SEARCH(a,key,first,mid-1);
else if(key > a[mid])
BINARY_SEARCH(a,key,mid+1,last);
else
printf("\n %d found at a[%d]",key,mid);
}
void DISPLAY_ARRAY(int a[10],int n)
{
int i;
printf("\n Given array : ");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf("%3d",a[i]);
}
}
 void main()
{
int a[8] = {4,7,3,2,1,7,9,0};
int sa[8] = {0,1,2,3,4,7,7,9};
int n=8;
int key=7;
int choice;
clrscr();
printf("\n 1. Linear Search");
printf("\n 2. Binary Search");
printf("\n Enter your choice :");
scanf("%d",&choice);
switch(choice)
{
case 1 : {
DISPLAY_ARRAY(a,n);
LINEAR_SEARCH(a,n,key);
break;
}

case 2 : {
DISPLAY_ARRAY(sa,n);
BINARY_SEARCH(sa,key,0,n-1);
break;
}
default : printf("\n Invalid choice ");
}
getch();
}
OUTPUT :
LINEAR SEARCH :

BINARY SEARCH
2. Given {5,3,1,6,0,2,4} order the numbers in ascending order using Bubble Sort Algorithm
// C program to perform Bubble Sort
# include<stdio.h>
# include<conio.h>
void BUBBLE_SORT(int a[], int n)
{
int pass,temp,j,i;
for(pass=1;pass<=n-1;pass++)
{
for(j=0;j<=n-pass-1;j++)
{
if(a[j] > a[j+1])
{

temp=a[j];
a[j]=a[j+1];
a[j+1]=temp;
}
}
printf("\n Array after %d pass --->",pass);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
printf("%3d",a[i]);
}

void main()
{
int a[7]={5,3,1,6,0,2,4};
int n=7;
clrscr();
printf("\n Input arrays : 5 3 1 6 0 2 4");
BUBBLE_SORT(a,n);
getch();
}
OUTPUT :
3(a). Perform the Insertion sort on the input {75,8,1,16,48,3,7,0} and display the output in descending order.
// C program to perform Insertion sort
# include<stdio.h>
# include<conio.h>
// Insertion sort

void INSERTION_SORT(int a[], int n)

{
int pass,k,temp,i,j;
for(pass=1;pass<n;pass++)
{
k=a[pass];
for(j=pass-1;j>=0 && k<a[j];j--)
{
a[j+1] = a[j];
}
a[j+1]=k;
printf("\n\n Sorted arrays after %d pass -->",pass);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
printf("%3d",a[i]);
}

printf("\n\n Sorted arrays using Insertion sort in Descending Order\n");

for(i=n-1;i>=0;i--)
{
printf("%3d",a[i]);
}
}

void main()
{
int a[8]={75,8,1,16,48,3,7,0};
int n=8;
clrscr();
printf("\n Input arrays : 75,8,1,16,48,3,7,0");
INSERTION_SORT(a,n);
getch();
}
OUTPUT : INSERTION SORT
3(b). Perform the Selection sort on the input {75,8,1,16,48,3,7,0} and display the output in descending order.
// C program to perform Selection sort
# include<stdio.h>
# include<conio.h>
// Selection sort
int MIN(int a[],int k, int n)
{
int loc,j,min;
min=a[k];
loc=k;
for(j=k+1;j<=n-1;j++)
{
if(min>a[j])
{
min=a[j];
loc=j;
}
}
return(loc);
}

void SELECTION_SORT(int a[], int k, int n)

{
int i,loc,temp;
for(k=0;k<n;k++)
{
loc=MIN(a,k,n);
temp=a[k];
a[k]=a[loc];
a[loc]=temp;
printf("\n\nSorted arrays after %d pass:-->",k);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
printf("%3d",a[i]);
}
printf("\n\n Sorted arrays using Selection sort in Descending Order\n");
for(i=n-1;i>=0;i--)
{
printf("%3d",a[i]);
}
}
void main()
{
int a[8]={75,8,1,16,48,3,7,0};
int n=8;
clrscr();
printf("\n Input arrays : 75,8,1,16,48,3,7,0");
SELECTION_SORT(a,0,n);
getch();
}
4. Write a program to insert the elements {61,16,8,27} into singly linked list and delete 8,61,27 from the list.
Display your list after each insertion and deletion.
// C program to insert {61,16,8,27} and delete {8,61,27} from the list
# include<stdio.h>
# include<conio.h>
# include<alloc.h>
# include<ctype.h>

typedef struct node

{
int info;
struct node *link;
}NODE;

NODE *header=NULL;
void DISPLAY()
{
NODE *start=header;
printf("\n *** LIST *** : ");
while(start!=NULL)
{
printf("%4d",start->info);
start=start->link;
}
}

void INSERT(int item)

{
NODE *newnode,*curptr;
newnode = (NODE *) malloc(sizeof(NODE));
newnode->info=item;
newnode->link=NULL;

if(header==NULL)
header=newnode;
else
{
curptr=header;
while(curptr->link !=NULL)
{
curptr=curptr->link;
}
curptr->link=newnode;
}
DISPLAY();
}
void DELETE(int item)
{
 NODE *curptr=header, *prevptr=header;

if(header==NULL)
{
printf("\n EMPTY LIST");
}
else if(header->info==item)
{
header=header->link;
free(curptr);
}
else
{
while(curptr!=NULL)
{
if(curptr->info==item)
{
prevptr->link=curptr->link;
free(curptr);
curptr=curptr->link->link;
}
else
{
prevptr=curptr;
curptr=curptr->link;
}
}
}
DISPLAY();
}

void main()
{
int item,choice;
clrscr();
printf("\n Insertion :");
INSERT(61);
INSERT(16);
INSERT(8);
INSERT(27);
printf("\n Deletion :");
DELETE(8);
DELETE(61);
DELETE(27);
getch();
}
}
5. Write a program to insert the elements {61,16,8,27} into linear queue and delete three elements from the list.
Display your list after each insertion and deletion.

// Program to insert the elements {61,16,8,27} into linear queue

// delete three elements from the list
#include <stdio.h>
#define MAX 50

int queue_array[MAX];
int rear = - 1;
int front = - 1;

void display()
{
int i;
if (front == - 1)
printf("\nQueue is empty \n");
else
{
printf("\nQueue is : \n");
for (i = front; i <= rear; i++)
printf("%d ", queue_array[i]);
}
getch();
}

void insert_Q(int item)

{
if (rear == MAX - 1)
printf("Queue Overflow \n");
else
{
if (front == - 1)
front = 0;
rear = rear + 1;
queue_array[rear] = item;
}
display();
}

void delete_Q()
{
if (front == - 1 || front > rear)
{
printf("\nQueue Underflow ");
return ;
}
 else
{
printf("\nElement deleted from queue is : %d", queue_array[front]);
front = front + 1;
}
display();

}
void main()
{
int choice;
clrscr();
insert_Q(61);
insert_Q(16);
insert_Q(8);
insert_Q(27);

delete_Q();
delete_Q();
delete_Q();
getch();
}
6. Write a program to insert the elements {61,16,8,27} into circular queue and delete 4 elements from the list.
Display your list after each insertion and deletion
/*static circular queue*/
#include <stdio.h>
#define size 4
int front = - 1;
int rear = - 1;
int queue[size];
void display_CQ()
{
int i;
printf("\n Circular Queue : ");
if (front > rear)
{
for (i = front; i < size; i++)
{
printf("%d ->", queue[i]);
}
for (i = 0; i <= rear; i++)
printf("%d -> ", queue[i]);
}
else
{
for (i = front; i <= rear; i++)
printf("%d ->", queue[i]);
}
printf("[%d]",queue[front]);
getch();
}

void insert_CQ(int item)

{
if ((front == 0 && rear == size - 1) || (front == rear + 1))
{
printf("queue is full");
return;
}
else if (rear == - 1)
{
rear++;
front++;
}
else if (rear == size - 1 && front > 0)
{
rear = 0;
}
else
{
rear++;
}
 queue[rear] = item;
display_CQ();
}

void delete_CQ()
{
if (front == - 1)
{
printf("Queue is empty ");
}
else if (front == rear)
{
front = - 1;
rear = - 1;
}
else
{
front++;
}
display_CQ();
}
int main()
{
clrscr();
printf("\n *** Insertion *** : ");
insert_CQ(61);
insert_CQ(16);
insert_CQ(8);
insert_CQ(27);
printf("\n *** Deletion *** : ");
delete_CQ();
delete_CQ();
delete_CQ();
delete_CQ();

OUTPUT :
7. Write a program to insert the elements {61,16,8,27} into ordered singly linked list and delete 8,61,27 from the
list. Display your list after each insertion and deletion

// C program to insert {61,16,8,27} in the ordered singly linked list

// and delete 8,61,27 from the list.

# include<stdio.h>
# include<conio.h>

typedef struct node

{
int info;
struct node *link;
}NODE;

NODE *header;

void CREATE_HEADER()
{
header = (NODE *) malloc(sizeof(NODE));
header->info=0;
header->link=NULL;
}

void INSERT_ORDERLIST(int item)

{
NODE *NEWNODE, *PREVPTR, *CURPTR;

NEWNODE = (NODE *) malloc(sizeof(NODE));

NEWNODE->info = item;
NEWNODE->link = NULL;

if(header->link==NULL)
{
header->link=NEWNODE;
}
else if(item < header->info)
{
NEWNODE->link=header;
header=NEWNODE;
}
else
{
PREVPTR=header;
CURPTR=header->link;
while(CURPTR!=NULL && item > CURPTR->info)
{
PREVPTR=CURPTR;
CURPTR=CURPTR->link;
 }
PREVPTR->link=NEWNODE;
NEWNODE->link=CURPTR;

}
void DISPLAY_NODE()
{
NODE *CURPTR;
CURPTR=header->link;
printf("\n LIST : ");
while(CURPTR!=NULL)
{
printf("%d->",CURPTR->info);
CURPTR=CURPTR->link;
}
}

void DELETE_NODE(int item)

{
NODE *PREVPTR, *CURPTR;
PREVPTR=header;
CURPTR=header->link;
if(item == header->info)
{
header=CURPTR;
free(PREVPTR);
}
else
{
while(CURPTR!=NULL && CURPTR->info !=item)
{
PREVPTR=CURPTR;
CURPTR=CURPTR->link;
}
if(CURPTR!=NULL)
{
PREVPTR->link=CURPTR->link;
free(CURPTR);
}
else
printf("\n Data not found");
}
}

void main()
{
clrscr();
CREATE_HEADER();
 printf("\n *** INSERTING 61,16,8,27 : ***");
INSERT_ORDERLIST(61);
DISPLAY_NODE();
INSERT_ORDERLIST(16);
DISPLAY_NODE();
INSERT_ORDERLIST(8);
DISPLAY_NODE();
INSERT_ORDERLIST(27);
DISPLAY_NODE();

printf("\n *** DELETE 8,61,27 : ***");

DELETE_NODE(8);
DISPLAY_NODE();
DELETE_NODE(61);
DISPLAY_NODE();
DELETE_NODE(27);
DISPLAY_NODE();
getch();
}
8. Write a program to add 6x3+10x2+0x+5 and 4x2+2x+1 using linked list.

/*WAP to add Polynomial using linked list*/

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<conio.h>
struct polynomial
{
int coeff;
int power;
struct polynomial *LINK;
};
typedef struct polynomial NODE;
NODE *poly1=NULL,*poly2=NULL,*poly3 = NULL;
NODE *create_poly();
NODE *add_poly(NODE *poly1,NODE *poly2);
void display_poly(NODE *ptr);

/* To create the polynomial*/

NODE *create_poly()
{
int flag;
int coeff,pow;
NODE *tmp_node =(NODE *)malloc(sizeof(NODE));//create thefirst node
NODE *poly=tmp_node;
do
{
printf("\n Enter coeff:");
scanf("%d",&coeff);
tmp_node->coeff=coeff;
printf("\n Enter Pow:");
scanf("%d",&pow);
tmp_node->power = pow;
tmp_node->LINK=NULL;
printf("\n Do you want to add more terms? (Y=1/N=0):");
scanf("%d",&flag);
if(flag==1)
{
tmp_node->LINK=(NODE *) malloc(sizeof(NODE));
tmp_node = tmp_node->LINK;
tmp_node -> LINK = NULL;
}
} while(flag);
return poly;
}
/*add two polynomial */
NODE *add_poly(NODE *poly1, NODE *poly2)
{
NODE *tmp_node,*poly;//Temporary storage for the linked list
tmp_node=(NODE *)malloc(sizeof(NODE));
tmp_node->LINK = NULL;
poly3=tmp_node;
//Loop while both of the linked list have value
while(poly1&&poly2)
{
if(poly1->power > poly2->power)
{
tmp_node->power=poly1->power;
tmp_node->coeff=poly1->coeff;
poly1=poly1->LINK;
}
else if (poly1->power < poly2->power)
{
tmp_node->power = poly2-> power;
tmp_node->coeff =poly2->coeff;
poly2 = poly2->LINK;
}
else
{
tmp_node->power = poly1->power;
tmp_node->coeff = poly1->coeff+poly2->coeff;
poly1=poly1->LINK;
poly2=poly2->LINK;
}
if(poly1&&poly2)
{
tmp_node->LINK=(NODE *)malloc(sizeof(NODE));
tmp_node=tmp_node->LINK;
tmp_node->LINK=NULL;
}
}
//Loop while either of the linked list has value
while(poly1||poly2)
{
tmp_node->LINK =(NODE *)malloc(sizeof(NODE));
tmp_node=tmp_node->LINK;
tmp_node->LINK=NULL;
if(poly1)
{
tmp_node->power=poly1->power;
tmp_node->coeff=poly1->coeff;
poly1=poly1->LINK;
}
if(poly2)
 {
tmp_node->power=poly2->power;
tmp_node->coeff=poly2->coeff;
poly2=poly2->LINK;
}
}
}
/* Display polynomial */
void display(NODE *ptr)
{
while(ptr!=NULL)
{
printf("%dX^%d",ptr->coeff,ptr->power);
ptr=ptr->LINK;
if(ptr!=NULL)
printf(" + ");
}
}
int main()
{
clrscr();
printf("\n Create 1st Polynomial: ");
poly1=create_poly();
printf("\n First polynomial : ");
display(poly1);
printf("\n Create 2nd Polynomial:");
poly2=create_poly();
printf("\n Second polynomial :");
display(poly2);
add_poly(poly1,poly2);
printf("\n Addition of Two polynomials : ");
display(poly3);
getch();
}
9. Write a program to push 5,9,34,17,32 into stack and pop 3 times from the stack, also display the popped
numbers

//C program to push 5,9,34,17,32 into stack and

//pop 3 times from the stack (Array implementation)

# include<stdio.h>
# include<conio.h>
# define MAX 5

int STACK[MAX];
int TOP=-1;
void DISPLAY();
void PUSH(int item)
{
if(TOP==MAX-1)
{
printf("\n STACK Overflow");
}
else
{
printf("\n ** PUSH %d **",item);
TOP=TOP+1;
STACK[TOP]=item;
DISPLAY();
}
}
void POP()
{
if(TOP==-1)
{
printf("\n STACK Underflow");
getch();
}
else
{
printf("\n ** %d POPED **",STACK[TOP]);
TOP=TOP-1;
DISPLAY();
}
}

void DISPLAY()
{
int i;
for(i=TOP;i>=0;i--)
{
printf("\n STACK[%d]=%d",i,STACK[i]);
 }
getch();
}
void main()
{
int i;
clrscr();
printf("\n PUSH 5,9,34,17,32\n");
PUSH(5);
PUSH(9);
PUSH(34);
PUSH(17);
PUSH(32);
printf("\n POP 3 elements\n");
POP();
POP();
POP();
}
10. Write a recursive program to find GCD of 4,6,8.
// C program to find GCD (4,6,8) using recursion.

# include<stdio.h>
# include<conio.h>

int GCD(int m, int n)

{
if(n==0)
{
return(m);
}
else if(n>m)
{
return(GCD(n,m));
}
else
{
return(GCD(n,m%n));
}
}
void main()
{
// three nos 4,6,8
int gcd12, gcd3;
clrscr();
gcd12=GCD(4,6);
printf("\n GCD between 4 & 6 = %d",gcd12);
gcd3=(GCD(gcd12,8));
printf("\n GCD between 4,6 & 8 = %d",gcd3);
getch();
}
12. Write a program to convert an infix expression x^y/(5*z)+2 to its postfix expression

#include <stdio.h>
#include <ctype.h>

#define SIZE 50

char stack[SIZE];
int top=-1;

push(char elem)
{
stack[++top]=elem;
}

char pop()
{
return(stack[top--]);
}

int pr(char symbol)

{

if(symbol == '^')
{
return(3);
}
else if(symbol == '*' || symbol == '/')
{
return(2);
}
else if(symbol == '+' || symbol == '-')
{
return(1);
}
else
{
return(0);
}
}

void main()
{
char infix[50],postfix[50],ch,elem;
int i=0,k=0;
clrscr();
printf("Enter Infix Expression : ");
scanf("%s",infix);
push('#');
while( (ch=infix[i++]) != '\0')
 {
if( ch == '(') push(ch);
else
if(isalnum(ch)) postfix[k++]=ch;
else
if( ch == ')')
{
while( stack[top] != '(')
postfix[k++]=pop();
elem=pop();
}
else
{
while( pr(stack[top]) >= pr(ch) )
postfix[k++]=pop();
push(ch);
}
}
while( stack[top] != '#')
postfix[k++]=pop();
postfix[k]='\0';
printf("\nPostfix Expression = %s\n",postfix);
getch();
}
13. Write a program to evaluate a postfix expression 5 3+8 2 - *.
#include<stdio.h>
int stack[20];
int top = -1;

void push(int x)
{
stack[++top] = x;
}

int pop()
{
return stack[top--];
}

int main()
{
char *postfix;
int A,B,RES,num;
clrscr();
printf("Enter the expression :: ");
scanf("%s",postfix);
while(*postfix != '\0')
{

if(isdigit(*postfix))
{
num = *postfix - 48; // converting char into num
push(num);
}
else
{
A = pop();
B = pop();
switch(*postfix)
{
case '+': RES = B + A; break;
case '-': RES = B - A; break;
case '*': RES = B * A; break;
case '/': RES = B / A; break;

}
push(RES);
}
postfix++;
}
printf("\nThe result of expression = %d\n\n",pop());
getch();
}
15. Write a program to create binary search tree with the elements {2,5,1,3,9,0,6} and perform inorder, preorder
and post order traversal.
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
# include <stdlib.h>

typedef struct BST {

int data;
struct BST *lchild, *rchild;
} node;

node *create_node() {
node *temp;
temp = (node *) malloc(sizeof(node));
temp->lchild = NULL;
temp->rchild = NULL;
return temp;
}
void insert(node *root, node *new_node) {
if (new_node->data < root->data) {
if (root->lchild == NULL)
root->lchild = new_node;
else
insert(root->lchild, new_node);
}

if (new_node->data > root->data) {

if (root->rchild == NULL)
root->rchild = new_node;
else
insert(root->rchild, new_node);
}
}
void inorder(node *temp) {
if (temp != NULL) {
inorder(temp->lchild);
printf("%3d", temp->data);
inorder(temp->rchild);
}
}
void preorder(node *temp) {
if (temp != NULL) {
printf("%3d", temp->data);
preorder(temp->lchild);
preorder(temp->rchild);
}
}

void postorder(node *temp) {

if (temp != NULL) {
 postorder(temp->lchild);
postorder(temp->rchild);
printf("%3d", temp->data);
}
}
void main()
{
int n=7,i=1;
node *new_node, *root;
node *create_node();
root = NULL;
clrscr();

printf("\nProgram For Binary Search Tree ");

for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
new_node = create_node();
printf("\nEnter The Element ");
scanf("%d", &new_node->data);

if (root == NULL) /* Tree is not Created */

root = new_node;
else
insert(root, new_node);
}
printf("\nThe Inorder display : ");
inorder(root);
printf("\nThe Preorder display : ");
preorder(root);
printf("\nThe Postorder display : ");
postorder(root);
getch();
}
16. Write a program to Sort the following elements using heap sort {9.16,32,8,4,1,5,8,0}
// Heap Sort
# include<stdio.h>
void heapify(int a[], int n, int i)
{
int largest = i;
int left = 2 * i + 1;
int right = 2 * i + 2;

if(left < n && a[left] > a[largest])

{
largest = left;
}

if(right < n && a[right] > a[largest])

{
largest = right;
}
if(largest !=i)
{
int temp;
temp = a[i];
a[i] = a[largest];
a[largest] = temp;
heapify(a,n,largest);
}
}

void HEAPSORT(int a[], int n)

{
int i;
for(i=n/2-1; i>=0;i--)
heapify(a,n,i);
for( i=n-1; i>=0; i--)
{
int temp;
temp = a[0];
a[0] = a[i];
a[i] = temp;
heapify(a,i,0);
}
}
void printArr(int arr[], int n)
{
int i;
for( i=0; i<n; ++i)
{
printf("%4d",arr[i]);
}
 }

void main()
{
int a[] = { 9,16,32,8,4,1,5,8,0 };
int n = sizeof(a) / sizeof(a[0]);
clrscr();
printf("\n Before sorting : ");
printArr(a,n);
HEAPSORT(a,n);
printf("\n After sorting : ");
printArr(a,n);
getch();
}
17. Given S1={“Flowers”} ; S2={“are beautiful”} I. Find the length of S1 II. Concatenate S1 and S2 III. Extract the
substring “low” from S1 IV. Find “are” in S2 and replace it with “is”

// S1 = {"Flowers"} S2={"are beautiful"}

// Find : (a) Length of S1 (b) Concatenate S1 and S2
// (c) Extract the substring "low" from S1
// (d) Replace "are" with "is" in S2
# include<stdio.h>
# include<conio.h>
# include<string.h>

int LENGTH(char *str)

{
int i=0, len=0;
while(str[i]!='\0')
{
len++;
i++;
}
return(len);
}

void CONCAT(char *str1, char *str2)

{
int i=0,j=0;
while(str1[i]!='\0')
{
i++;
}
while(str2[j]!='\0')
{
str1[i]=str2[j];
i++;
j++;
}
str1[i]='\0';
printf("\n Concatenated string = %s",str1);
}
void EXTRACT(char *str,int pos, int elen)
{
int i=0,j=0;
char substr[10];
for(i=pos;i<=elen;i++)
{
substr[j]=str[i];
j++;
}
substr[j]='\0';
printf("\n Substring = %s",substr);
}
void REPLACE(char *str, char *sstr, char *rstr, int pos)
{
char output[50];
int i=0,j=0,k=0;
for(i=0;i<LENGTH(str);i++)
{
if(i==pos)
{
for(k=pos;k<LENGTH(rstr);k++)
{
output[j]=rstr[k];
j++;
i++;
}
}
else
{
output[j]=str[i];
j++;
}
}
output[j]='\0';
printf("\n Output = %s",output);
getch();
}

void main()
{
char *S1,*S2;
int len,choice,pos,elen;
while(1)
{
clrscr();
strcpy(S1,"Flowers");
strcpy(S2,"are beautiful");
printf("\n S1 = %s S2 = %s",S1,S2);
printf("\n 1. Length 2.Concatenate 3.Extract Substring 4.REPLACE 5.Exit\n");
printf("\n Enter your choice : ");
scanf("%d",&choice);
switch(choice)
{
case 1 : {
len = LENGTH(S1);
printf("\n Length of %s = %d",S1,len);
}break;
case 2: {
CONCAT(S1,S2);
}break;

case 3: { printf("\n Enter position & length of substring in S1 : ");

 scanf("%d %d",&pos,&elen);
EXTRACT(S1,pos,elen);
}break;

case 4: {
REPLACE(S2,"are","is",0);
}break;
case 5: exit(0);
default : printf("\n Invalid option");
}
getch();
}
}