Scribd
Upload
23 views28 pages

The Laws of Physics: Jomoc, Marjorie P., LPT

Kay

Uploaded by

Bagag Og Hasang
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
23 views28 pages

The Laws of Physics: Jomoc, Marjorie P., LPT

Kay

Uploaded by

Bagag Og Hasang
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 28

THE LAWS

OF PHYSICS
JOMOC, MARJORIE P., LPT
LESSON OBJECTIVES
 Compare and contrast the Aristotelian and Galilean
conceptions of vertical motion, horizontal motion, and
projectile motion;
 Explain how Galileo inferred that objects in vacuum fall

with uniform acceleration, and that force is not necessary


to sustain horizontal motion;
 Explain each of Newton’s three laws of motion; and

 Explain the difference between Newton’s 1st Law of

Motion and Galileo’s assertion that force is not necessary


to sustain horizontal motion
01 KINEMATICS OF
TRANSLATION
KINEMATICS
 Position refers to the location of an object
with respect to a frame of reference.
 A frame of reference is a system that
allows an observer to specify quantitatively
where and when something is observed.
 It may be a physical entity such as the
ground, a room or a building to which the
motion or position of an object is being
referred to.
Motion is relative to the
frame of reference
where it is observed.
In the picture, the
passengers of the hot
air balloon and the
spectators below have
different frames of
reference.
KINEMATICS
 Kinematics describes motion in terms
of displacement, velocity, and
acceleration.
 Dynamics relates force and motion.
 Translation is the term used in physics
for motion in a straight line, commonly
described by three quantities:
displacement, velocity, and acceleration.
KINEMATICS
 In translation, the origin of the
Cartesian coordinate system is
considered as the start of the motion.
 Position, velocity, and acceleration to
the right of the origin is taken as
positive; the left of the origin is
negative.
DISTANCE VERSUS
DISPLACEMENT
 Scalar quantities are those that can be
described completely by their magnitude and
appropriate unit.
● Note:
● magnitude + unit

● Example:
● 50 km
DISTANCE VERSUS
DISPLACEMENT
 Vector quantities are completely described
by their magnitude, appropriate unit and
direction.
Note:
magnitude + unit + direction
Example:
50 km, N
DISTANCE VERSUS
DISPLACEMENT
 Distance, (d) traveled by a body is the length of the
path taken by the body in moving from its initial to final
position.
 Distance is a scalar quantity.
For example:
 Maria travels 10 km from her home to her
school.
DISTANCE VERSUS
DISPLACEMENT
 Displacement (d) is a vector with direction pointing
from the initial to the final position and a magnitude or
length equal to the straight-line distance from the initial
to the final position.
 Displacement is a vector quantity.
For example:
 Mario initially travels 4m, N to his house then take
another 3m, E to see the second tree.
SPEED AND VELOCITY
 Speed is a measure of how fast a body moves.
 It is a scalar quantity.
 Average speed, (v) is the total distance traveled by a
body per unit time of travel.
In symbols, d – final position or
distance
d d – d0 t – final time or period d
v= = d0 – initial position or v=
distance
t t – t0 t0 – final time or period t
SPEED AND VELOCITY
For example;
 If the car travels 70 miles in 2 hours, it would
have an average speed of 35 miles per hour.
 If a car travels for 2 hours and covers 120 miles
we can work out speed as 60 miles per hour.
 If the car travels 80 meters in 2 hours, it has an
average speed of 40 meters per second.
SPEED AND VELOCITY
 Speed is a measure of how fast a body
moves.
 It is a scalar quantity.
 Instantaneous speed, (v) of a body is its
speed at a particular time, with t being
extremely small.
 The speed indicated by a speedometer is
instantaneous speed.
SPEED AND VELOCITY
 Velocity, (v) is the displacement of a body per unit
time, and it is a vector quantity.
 Average velocity, (v) is the total displacement per
unit time.
 In symbols, d – final displacement
t – final time or period
d d – d0 d0 -initial displacement d
v= = t0 – final time or period v=
t t – t0 t
SPEED AND VELOCITY
For example;
 What is the average velocity of a person who
moves 7 m in 4 seconds and 18 m in 6
seconds along x-axis?
 Find the average velocity when the changes in
displacement in three consecutive instances
are 8 m, 10 m, 12 m, and the total time taken
is 6 s.
SPEED AND VELOCITY
 Velocity, (v) is the displacement of
a body per unit time.
 Thus, it is a vector quantity.
 Instantaneous velocity, (v) of a
body is its speed at an instant time
SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 1
 Leo traveled 25.0 km from their house to a shopping
mall to meet a friend. Upon reaching the mall, his
friend texted that he cannot come. Sadly, Leo went
back home following the same path.
a. What was the total distance Leo traveled?
b. What was his displacement? If the entire trip took Leo
0.75 hr, what were his;
c. Average speed and
d. Average velocity?
PRACTICE PROBLEM NO. 1
 In travelling from Pune to Nagpur, Rahul
drove his bike for 2 hours at 60 kmph and 3
hours at 70 kmph, find its average speed?
 Angelo jogged 10 times in 30 minutes
around a circular track with a radius of 50 m.
Find his average speed and average
velocity?
ACCELERATION
 Acceleration, (a) refers to the change in velocity with respect to
time.
 It is a vector quantity.
 Velocity can change in three ways:
a. Change in speed, which may be either an increase or decrease
b. Change in direction
c. Change in both speed and direction.
 Thus, a body is said to be accelerating when v v - v0
it is moving with changing speed, with constant a = =
speed but with changing direction, or with t t
changing speed and changing direction.
HAPPY
READING!

You might also like