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File Handling

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Dharani Dharani
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11 views8 pages

File Handling

Uploaded by

Dharani Dharani
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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File Handling

● File Handling refers to the process of working with files.


● It involves reading data from files, writing data to files, and manipulating files in
various ways
● Files are used to store information on computer storage media such as hard
drive or solid-state drive
● File handling involves the following operations
○ Opening a file: Before you can read data from a file or write data to a file,
you need to open it.
○ Reading from a file: once a file is opened, you can read its contents.
○ Writing to a file: After opening a file, you can write data to it, this includes
creating a new file or appending data to an existing file.
○ Closing a file: when you are done working with a file, you should close it.
Closing a file releases system resources and ensures that any changes
made to the file are saved. Failing which can result in data loss or
resource leak.
File:
● It is a predefined class present in the io package.
● By using this class, we can create a new file, we can also delete a file.
Constructors:
● File(String)
Methods:
● boolean createNewFile()
● boolean canRead()
● boolean canWrite()
● boolean delete()
● boolean setReadOnly()
● boolean setWriteable(boolean)
FileOutputStream:
● It is a predefined class present in the io package.
● The primary purpose of this class is to write or transfer the data into the file by
opening the file in write mode.
Constructors:
● FileOutputStream(String)
● FileOutputStream()
Methods:
● void write(int)
● void write(byte[])
● void close()

FileInputStream:
● It is a predefined class present in the io package.
● The primary purpose of this class is to read or retrieve the data from a particular
file by opening the file in read mode.
Constructors:
● FileInputStream(String)
Methods:
● Int read()
● int read(byte[])
● void close()

BufferedOutputStream:
● It is a predefined class present in the io package.
● Using this class, we can transfer the data with a buffer facility.
● A buffer is a temporary memory space, while transferring the data, it will also be
stored in the buffer.

Constructors:
● BufferedOutputStream(OutputStream)
Methods:
● void write(int)
● void write(byte[])
● Void flush()

BufferedInputStream:
● It is a predefined class present in the io package.
● The primary purpose of this class is to read or retrieve the data and we can get
the data from the buffer.
Constructors:
● BufferedInputStream(InputStream)
Methods:
● int read()
● int read(byte[])
● void flush()
● void close()

SequenceInputStream:
● It is a predefined class present in the io package.
● The primary purpose of this class is to read or retrieve data from multiple files at
a time.
Constructors:
● SequenceInputStream(InputStream, InputStream)
● SequenceInputStream(Enumeration)
Methods:
● int read()
● int read(byte[])
● void close()
ByteArrayOutputStream:
● It is a predefined class present in the io package.
● The primary purpose of this class is to write or transfer common data or similar
data into multiple files
● It will transfer the data in the form of an array of bytes.
Constructors:
● ByteArrayOutputStream()
Methods:
● void write(int)
● void write(byte[])
● void writeTo(OutputStream)
● void close()

File Writer:
● It is a predefined class present in the io package.
● The main purpose of this class is to write a stream of characters into a file, here
we can send the String values directly without converting them into bytes. It is an
extended class of the Writer class.
Constructors:
● FileWriter(String)
Methods:
● void write(String)
● void write(char)
● void write(char[])
● void flush()
● void close()

File Reader:
● It is a predefined class present in the io package.
● The main purpose of this class is to read the Stream of Characters.
Constructors:
● FileReader(String)
Methods:
● Int read()
● void close()

Buffered Writer:
● It is a predefined class present in the io package.
● The functionality of this class is to provide a buffered system for efficient writing
of data.
Constructors:
● BufferedWriter(Writer)
Methods:
● void write(int)
● void write(String)
● void write(char[])
● void write(byte[])
● void close()

Buffered Reader:
● It is a predefined class present in the io package.
● It will provide buffer functionality for the Reader class.
Constructors:
● BufferedReader(Reader)
Methods:
● Int read()
● String readLine()
● byte[] read(byte[])
● void close()
Functional Interface:
An Interface which has only one method is called a Functional Interface

Marker Interface:
An Interface that does not have any properties in it is called a Marker Interface.

Serialization:
The process of transferring or sending n number of bytes of data from a Java
Application to an external file in terms of an object is called Serialization.
De-Serialization:
It is the process of reading or retrieving n number of bytes of data from a text file
to a Java Application.

● By using Serialization we are able to transfer n number of bytes of data and by


using De-Serialization we are able to read/retrieve n number of bytes of data in
terms of an object with more security.
● If we want to provide functionality for both Serialization and De-Serialization, we
have to use a predefined interface called ‘Serializable’.
● Serializable is one of the Marker Interfaces.
● The Marker Interface is nothing but an Interface that is empty with no data
members and fields (variables and methods) and it will provide run-time behavior
for its implementation classes.
● To implement both serialization and de-serialization, we have to follow the below
steps.
● Initially, we need to create a serializable subclass.
● Then we need to implement the Serialization process.
● Then we need to implement the De-Serialization process

Steps and guidelines to implement Serializable Subclass:


● Initially, we need to create a user-defined package.
● Then we need to import the necessary packages.
● We need to create a user-defined class, it has to implement the Serializable
interface.
● We need to create user-defined private variables without values.
● Then we need to provide user-defined values for these private variables using
setter and getter methods.

Steps to implement the Serialization Process:


● Initially, we have to import necessary or required packages then we need to
create a user-defined class.
● Now we need to open the text file in write mode by using the FileOutputStream
class.
● Now we need to create an object for the ObjectOutputStream class by providing
the object of FileOutputStream as a parameter.
● Now we need to create an object for the Serializable subclass.
● We need to provide user-defined values for private variables of the Serializable
subclass with respect to an Object.
● Now we need to transfer or write the object of the Serializable subclass by
invoking a method called writeObject with respect to the Object of the
ObjectOutputStream class.
● Now, we need to close or release the resource.

Steps to implement the De-Serialization process:


● Initially, we have to import the necessary packages.
● We need to create a user-defined class.
● Now we need to open the text file in read mode by using the FileInputStream
class.
● Now, we need to create an object for the ObjectInputStream class by providing
the object of the FileInputStream class as a parameter.
● Now, we will be able to read the values from the text file by using a method like
readObject with respect to the object of the ObjectInputStream class by
performing type cast from the object into a serializable subclass object.
● Now we need to display the values by invoking the getter method with respect to
the object of the serializable subclass.
● Then we need to close the resource.

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