PARTIAL

DIFFERENTIAL

EQUATION

S2R 2.0
 Pandias Heunial tquation

By sepanation oUaruabls

Solue s du = u -(1)
+y
A(1) 6()
-

8oin t u(x, 9) -

Pardially

du
dx

ou wrt pantuay
A dB

Put u amd u in egn O

ax

AB
6 d + 3A dB

ivid y
d
A6
3
d6
d
dA
A d dy
2 eguatuonNs Jl'bouwe Eguatiom
we get
= C

dA d x
A
, both sids
9ntegraiu ng
we get Log A tC CH
cla C
e Ae
A e
 Cx2 ohwr A e
A A e
ASO md eg
C

9C
Om both cus
9neg raing

e
C
e
(-c)9 e2
e w hwu

C2 (a-c)8|3
u(x.) Ae Be
49-03
A e

u(x.t) K ca ta-c)83
e

As
For eritication put u lx.)n gioen PDE

Sowe =43u
u(o) ee°7f
oln: Ju u(z.*) Alz) Gly) -
eit rt x pant aly

ax d
t (a) ort patially

AdB
d
 subslihding un O

dA 4A d C (say)
d
we 9t 2
equa.
B dA 4A d =C
d
dA C
= C
4A dz

= 4C dx
dcdy
9ntnai ng both AJdus we t
Log 3 Cu+2
4Cx +tC,
og A e
4CX CA
e
A e whew
4CK A I= e
A A e
e
ACX
,e
Ae 4cx+ K A B
u(. )
=

4Cx+t
Ke
A Bie
4 Cx+ C*
u Ccy)= Ke

8e°7
iuen ufo.)=
AsO
(o.y)=ke
Gwen u C 3

the solullon
- 12*

=
8e
u (x)
 when the ineru
07 3
ibins, take
Censtont as -ve

o
u(3, t)=
u (o, 4)
=

3in8T
5 a i n4T1
-

Cmd u(z,o)
=
sin l67Tx

A(x) B(t)
soln dt u (x, £) =

then u
dx

dx
amd
A dB
dt
Now

e dA
A dc l t d

dB - s0)
B dt A d

e howe equaions

-A
dB
d

de - dt dr2

Soge-At + G i
At CA 9t Auxillay e
e
e
m+ o
B B,e"
ma ti l s
 A Ke
iA
e
iAl2
x i Ain.
+ +K2
k KCos

Cox- i Aind

i (k-5)Sin dz
( + ) Coddx
+
J

A
A Cob Jdz + C4 Sin 4
C i(-)

Cae Cob x+ C4 Sindr)

J
-d
CoS +
CCq-e Sin dr

u Cx, t)
- SIn r
Cse Codd +C e

Cs 23
c- C C4
ulo, ) C gnd iven u (o, t) ==0

A iven
(3, t) =0 md a(3,t) =
Cse Cod3 +Ce
Sin
Cs
uls.t)C e sin 3
u(3, t) =0
 C e -&*tsin 3 0
> sin 3A = 0

SA =nT
2 dupenddy nn
n
TT 2 An d = dn
aumu
s0
3
n , 2, 3, -
we haue

u(x, t) e -sin A
general 80luion
u(x,t) C h e d t
Sin An

NoW 3in &T + 9 Sin oX7T

u (x,o) = 6 Sin 4TT7 -

2 loTx
i n 8TTX + Sin
Sn en Sin dn- 6ain 4 TTX -
n edht 3

2
u(o) 4 dn
3Sin 8trz + Q Sin
oTx
HTTx = 6 Sin 4ITZ -
C n in
3
Sin&TX +.
+4
+Ci2 sin4T+
. .

C Sin TX 4 - . .

3 SinIoTTX
5 Sin4TTX
-

3 Sin8Tx +
+ Can Sin id IT Z =

Compaung both Aids , we 9er

Ga S Cg -3, go2
h 12,24,30
Cn 0,
 - d301
u(x, t)= 6e Sin4T-3e a tsin 8T + e Sin joTTX

we hawe dn 2 n
3

A2 32 T2
2
da 90oT72
128T cin8T
Sin 8TX

u(z,t)=5e 32Tsin 4TX 3e

- 200 T
S i n loTTX
+ e

apla Equation in poblums RaRictomgulangeomem

tat tempendtwu distri bution

petii minu th ateady
O1
in a hin plad bounded by th imit 1-0, Z=
hat huat Cm not
- 0 Cmd 1 0, uming
escapenom euthen una o t Rlati, the edge
, = , 0 bting kupt at 3e mp , whil
0
th edoe y:0 bing kakt at Atady ump F(2)

u- x2
+u - O (Ths is 3
Lablacu egn n

Catei am Coordi
Condiions nu
1he
The eoumday

dum penatwu
u,y)=
u(x,o) =0
= Hx)
u(x, o)
h Coumdary onditu onb
au giueh
u(o.y) = 0 . . So Om
Now
ably thu method U-0
u-0
bepamation o
vauables
U= F(2)
u(x.y) = x t) Y})-
Put in O amd dividung by xy, we get
LX +
d
97 y dX
L dY = -i
-L d
d= K(A0)| dwid by xy
d Xdx

e got equations
L dy =K qmd - L dx
d k
X
dy
dYKy =0 - amd
d x=0-
dy
The balutions o amd a
C Cod Kx + C2 Sin K x -
Y C3e + 4 e

Pu in (8
u(xt)= (Ci co Kz +QSinKr) (G e+aet)
 e A CoKx +6sin Kz) + e °(Ck+OSin Kx
= G3 C C, C4 O= C C4
whvu A =
CC3
Cam be Calcul atud by
Calcul ated
A, 8, C, D ns Constards

oundony ConduhiomD

tiom
APPLying Boumday Cmdi
a(7, co) =0 (9t in p ibu when A: 0
No we wu ut ath

+Dsin Kz)
9)
u(x4) =
e ( c Cos Kx

A PPlying boumdy comnA

O =e c + o)
C
u e sin sin kx)
Now abkly bounday Cend" u(,9)=0 , we G
Dek Ain K = 0
for De*Y 4 o)
Sin k =0

K= hTT n ,23

un= Dn e Sin nT

For a pomiblsvaiues o n, th gtnvas alution

my be w Hten
 u(x) 2 Dn &in nTX
n

Appty ec, u(a,0) F(7) e get

F(x) 2Dn Sin h ITZ

multi ply
"LLE pty both Adu with i n mTX amd integnating
ntegiating
LOnt rom o to

fCx) &in
d =
Dn Sin DTT Sin TX dx
O

h1,2,. m

n
DnSmn For n
DUm9i u s 0
m thw

for nm
Dm &mn l

Dm F() Sin mT d
0
On
f l )f() ain nIT dx - y fowuen
theory
put un

u(x.) = Pn Sin e - nT

whuu Dn = Fx) sin Di d m

genal stn oeg

 Oetermune th s0ution o 1 RUm waue equati on

o'u c

0
u(l, t)=
umdui th Boumday Comditiom u(o, t) =

fon o72
md initia conditions u(x,0)
-
.and au
tl-o
Lut th soln eO be

u(x,t) v(r) -
Put i n , , we get
vdh
o t 2

- a)
dlt2 dx

amd
dr c2

and an nespectivey
soluti om e
h) CcodAt + inAt
() A Co A + 6 Ain A -
O

Put , in
+ 6 n d z . CCosdf +
u(7.t) =
A Co Ax C CodA
At + i n d t BAindz
A Cod AT. G Ain
 Naw
u(o,t) = O A o
qmd
u(t)=o in At) =ob
+
At
A Co 4 BAin Gcoo
GCod
L)
A O

2, 3.
n ,
A
C, Constan
n TTC (8)
A

u(x,*) = s i n dz (c, coAt + q Sind*)

nT- )
nAin D -

n ITct dn sin hTC

u(x,t) =(Cn Cop +

BC = dn
whuu C = Cn ,

OAing Aupen posilien prunipu ,

pe g
get

uCx,t) 00
n Tre Cn i n hTC£ d n Co)
) Ain nm
a
haue o
we

Cn Ain nTTCo)+ dn)Ain pm

o

hrc. dn in nTX > dn O

00
CnCo
CnCos nTCt Ain n T (
u(x,#) =
 put t=0, we at
ux,o)= > Cn Ain nT
amd nteqnabo o41
Muli puy
"ulti pu both ides by
by Ain mTX

u(x,o) o) Ain mir d =

2 Cn Ain nTX i n
mTX d
n=l

m"X dx
Cn Ain nTX Sin

Cn Dmn

when n=r

Cm Smn-1

Cm x, o) Ain m T d
or
u ( x ) Ain hTX d - (
Cn

Cn 4(, ) Ain nT2 d

Ain n + (-x) Ain hiT d

i n nT dx
H
Cos hX nT

Cn Cod nT. + 1 -tos nr

TT
 2
Ain hTX di + 2 (1-z) Ain nT dz

z-Cos nx| -
( -Ain r/ +2 [(1-z)(-onTa|
nTr (n / ) 2 Jo

(o-1) ( Ain nT|! 7*

i-(% --) win br+

, Cob nT
(Ain r)
a Ain nT
4
i n DTT (4)
n2

n 12
Put (14)

4 Ain nII Cos nTCt Ain nT2

u(x,t)=

Co TC An Co 3TTC Ain 3TTX

4 32
T2

+Cob SuC Ain S Cod 7TC Ainm

+
 buti on o
O.9 Detunmune th
thu suady state lemp dibiu
unesz=0
RLatt bolmdsd by thu
a thin nectangulan
that thu edge z=0,
X,4=0, md b b aumunG
mauntauned at zew temp
md edge
l ayu
y=0 f(x)
mauntaind at stiacly Atats tumpP
b i

e'(ccesKx>
0ln e t ( A Cos kx + 8 sin
ki) +
a(y) =

pSin Kx)

Boum day Conditiond:

flx
u(x,o)=0 u(,b) =
,4) =0
,

Lo,)
=0 u( ,.
-
u(o)=0 (b)
Aet + ce A+Co ()
(o,t)
u (o.4) = u(x,0)=0 Xo)

A+C =0
A C0
8e Ain Kx + De°Ain Kx
ux) =
(ee + De*) in K
CC
ut,)0
HTT
8in k k =
n-1,2, 3-
Put i n we get
get
nT

Un Bne
nT
+On e ) Sin nTTx
 we Coni ole al poible valus n
the qerwa sln -nTY|! ) Ain nIT3 -0
nT&| +On ee
u (x,4) =Ene h:1

BC ii) u (x,o) =0 for

-

Bn +Pn =0 Dn= Bn

ut)= Bn (e nTT&
-e
-

nTH| sin n

2 Bn Aina DT in DT
iniz

2Nn in 6 nT¥. Ain nTZ - B n-Nn)

n=
Cenbt

ulx,b) = Flx)
Uning 8.c-(1)

N n Sin h nT9 sin nTY

amd
both Aidts b yb
in m
multi plyung
bitween o4
inti gati ng
00
Sin DTX
in Qin mTde
DIrx gin mT dr
F() din mTI dr = Nn in h nIT
h

sin ni mn b
when o
Nmin BnT?

mn 1
Nm flI) Ain mT d
Ain Ain h mTb

eg md -13
oT dx
fx) Sin
Nn Sinh nTb

COmhtu t h An
qnamd
Fla)
i n DTZ d1

No Sin nTb

(1-Sinnn/e
CosDT L
nTT (nT/
Sin bnTb

(-cosn )
Sin h nTTb

n+
(-1)
nT Sin nTb

Pu in
n+
nY
in sin nT
u(. ) TT nl ni n h nTb

Sn whin f(T)= X
 rethud
Qimenaional awe &uation on Vibnatioms oa
stin
stretched
Aung
Conai don milorm md potect! y lexibls gneat
COmtamt tension T ( 0
utwern too points y a
ths un
disfublbe the undistubba

take
Lut u
hat aint may be nigluctu d). uppose
md ouppobe
that
tnar

Lo be thi x- axin
poiti on o t h e i n g
motiom ib Omfined to thi x- Alme
the

Corui clwn thu

moticn s
olS
om
elmund Pa o
ungth ds.
T
dins ction
The orce
nt in Y-
i aiuen b
TAin 0,
-
T Ain
y Aine tano
T tamo, Ttono0, or amal! ongls

T
axtd
d T(,
- ( )
( /1+d
Jdzt (T
( ( and
UALng Tauton expamal on
nugucing Ums ondun dx
md huzhun]
d
 m i thu mas pen
umit ungth then
(m dz) ( - Fema
wheu ungth dx
mdx thu ma Atring
om
Genenal wcue &n
-m1-
T condort we gut
T m
ax2

or
Clai cal wawe eg
] -
ohuu c

D Aumbud 's Aoluti om wau Equau om

(oe Out D , D
2

-
be caitten n orm
than Com

(c Dx) *
G given bt
solution e
ex (z)-
x (x) +e
e

For amy 4umttion, F(x)

hOx fla)- +h Dxtn Fx

e
 flx)+h gE + o+.
Tayler expansio
F(+h) -

wce

from ond we gt genas olution o1-im

(7-ct)
Egn (7,t) =
+ct) c#) + p

a= b Dx
whwu

then oluluon --.

n
 u (x,o)

(-) 4 z
Summany n gn wwe equation, whunwen
ulo, t) u l , t ) =o end aruiud

amd initial Cond

=0 at t-o

Son we hue 1- Rim wawe equali dm

u c2 0
Dt2

i be
LutApln o O

u ( ,t) = x) h(t)
Put in O we et

h ch ov
dt2
d

Lah
h o

we gut
md
c
h

- C2
d
goLn o amd Qu wpectivey

h(t) = C Co At +GSinA t -
() = A Co d +B Ain d

put 6, 6 in ) , oe get

+GSin dt)
) C Casdt
ux,4) =
A Co
4z+ 8Ain d)
No ulo, t) =O A=O

, t) -0

nIT n = I, 2, 3, 4.
A =

nTC dn (0

u (x,t) = B Sin d C Co d+ SinA)

+ dn Sin nTCt &in hT2 --
u(,) =
Cn Cod pTC

phere B Cn , - dn

Supenposilion inupu we
gut
Uing
nTC( Cn &in nC dn Cos nTC|Sin nT

oft

nTC i n nTX
dn
O
 Os:. Struck stun]
at t 0
4,) 0 , du V» (z)
en Co) Qs
get y" (o)
md
SD waue egh
we Com olue
ons
we old Rwi ous quentt

)Sin ni-(eD
Cn Cos
nrct dn Ain nmct
u (x, t)

Put to
Ch0
n h= 0
Cn
u (7,0)

Sin nTu Sin

nT2 -
u(,t) dn
.

hTCt Ain nTx

dn Cos
TC

Put t 0 , we gt
nTC dn Sin nT
v.(z) 2
o to
Lndugoatu
ndu ng
qnotinq itm
rOm
i n mTX md
Multi ply by

nrc nTC dn in nIT in mT d

V,(1) &in miT? d

Sin n dz
nTC.dnSin m

( ) Sinmi dx ShTC .dn Omn

 mTC dm

mITC. dm

dum V.() Ain mITZ dz

mTC

dun vo(x) din nTx dx -

'TC

n and Qamatitu ths Apluti On

o 2
Vo (1)

a(L-
dn 2( V (x) Ain niz dx

hITC

d + ( - sin nTd
9 91 sin hi nTC

nTC

Cob n T
4 nT
AinnT
nTc
hIT nTc
 dn-0
u(x,t) =
Cn Cob nTC t Ain n -
Put t- we get

uxo) = Cn Ain nTx

bi
b ittu
w te
enn

rmd
Cmd unti qrale
Lnte qyale
Sin mT
Sin m?
both dus by
multupl
pAY

O amd

&in hTX i n m dx
Cn
u,o)
S i n m d n-

Cn m

uCx,o) Sin m d Cn
mTTX

Sin dz
u(x,o)
Cm

Or Ain
nT

d
u(,o)
Cn
)."
u(,o) Ain DTX t dx

C
ain p2 d
d 3h (1-)
shs gh Ain
n
 u (x,o)

-) 4 z<
Summay 9n wawe euation , whnuen
ulo, t) ul, #) -o end u xnd

amd Aniiual Cond

at

Sotn 0e hue - Rim wawe eguati Gm

du c20y
Ot2

ut Apln Oi be
u ( ,t) = (x) h(t)
Put in O we

dh
dt2
d

-sa
a t2
h

we gut
md

h
+ 0o
- d2
C2
SoLn amd au uspetiveuy
h(t) = C Co At +G&indf -
() = A Cod dX +B Ain d
C

put 6, 6 in ) , oe gget
et

CasA+GGin d
4C,t) (A Cod
dz 4+ 8 Aindz ) (C,
Now ul o, t) =o A =O

u , t) -0

A = nIT n = I, 2, 3, 4 . . .

= nTC (0

u (x, t) = B Sin d C Co d+ GSindt

or + dn Sin nTCt &in hT2 --
u(,) =
Cn Cod pTC

where eG Cn , B dn

Supenposilion prinupu we
aut
Uning

nTC(- Cn &in nmC dn Cos nTC ) ain nz

nTC i n niTX
dn
 Os:. Struck stun]
at t 0
4,) 0 , du V» (z)
en Co) Qs
get y" (o)
md
SD waue egh
we Com olue
ons
we old Rwi ous quentt

)Sin ni-(eD
Cn Cos
nrct dn Ain nmct
u (x, t)

Put to
Ch0
n h= 0
Cn
u (7,0)

Sin nTu Sin

nT2 -
u(,t) dn
.

hTCt Ain nTx

dn Cos
TC

Put t 0 , we gt
nTC dn Sin nT
v.(z) 2
o to
Lndugoatu
ndu ng
qnotinq itm
rOm
i n mTX md
Multi ply by

nrc nTC dn in nIT in mT d

V,(1) &in miT? d

Sin n dz
nTC.dnSin m

( ) Sinmi dx ShTC.dn Omn

 mTC dm

mITC. dm

dum V.() Ain mITZ dz

mITC

dn vo(x) din nTx dx (

nTC

n and Camatiku thu Apluti On

o 2
Vs (1)

a (-)
dn 2( v (x) ain nT dx

hITC

941 91 in nT d + (- sin n d
nTC

nTC

r - ( .Ln
nTc
) AinnT
 dnr=0
u(x,t)= Cn Cos nTCt Ain n -
Put t -0 , we get

Cn Ain nTz
uxo)
biittw
wte
enn

y
rmd unt qrial
m2 md inti
Sin m
both d s b y
mullp
uuply

O amd

Sin hTX Sin mTX dx

Cn
uCx,o)
n-
Sin mn.d

Cn Smnm

uCx,o) Sin mdCn

Sin mTTX dx
u(x,o)
Cm

Ain n T dx
u(x,o)
Cn

M3 u (x,o) in DTX dx

C
49 &in n2 dz
3h i n nAd 3h (1-1)
 Cn
(- Coy nre) -
() ( -Ain nTTX
nITl (nma)
S ( - ) -Se nT|!-(o-) ( -SinDtm!
(hm )2)

Cn 6 Cos nl3
-( +(in 3

c 3nT n-( (-An ))

CoCob n + inn + Cod nIT
3hr 3
3nT
3 (nm

sin Sin nn
nn
3nT

12h
Cn Cob Cos DT sin n -(14)
nIT 3

u(1,t) Cn
Cn Co nTCE Sin h
Puckid Ain

nd Cn
Cn
Com be takun stm e -
 Hamgin9 Chaun

ConAide a umiorm leri ble chaun

th
habing rom a Auppont S md
action o aiy Hm thu

ma pen mt
Lungth the Chatn
distma
then unsi on n thu Chain at

om 1he u end ven b

T mg x
Cham
ofmotim this
equatiom n
aioRlact mint
t h i

(T m h trambvee

distance
oLinechon
d

rom
inecion

t h
thu
at
ehd

19 x 0 t -m d
dt
-
Ox
A(x) e(t) --
(z, t)
=

be
tLt
Aatudion o ®

then d + dA A d's
e d2 di lt

-w (a)
l+)
e d +dA+ A=O
d

md -w -

G iven b
Sol e n
+ Sino t -
6= o Co ot
Centmt

hnsBo md 6o
9n en S , ub u Put
put
-
z 4w Z

x de dA + A -0
d

+ d

+ dA.dz + A=0
d d2

NOUD

L
2
d2

d2 1 d Z
d
dA A=o
dz
()**
2 z dA )dz + + A=0
+ d2
d2
 + A0

dz2

z d + z dA + zA =0
Aelutten
A o l u t t cm
dz2 dz
b0 th
ordu
ordu 7er0
zero,
e
Thi
n
Bemel's
e
+ Ao2 Y(z)
J (z) strig
otng
A(2)
=
A Ao2 displacement
displace ment
+0 Aog =o at z =0)
Ao Jo(z). stinite
A(z)=

J.(z) Z =0
= Ao
Z0,
At
Alz) as

and
0o

AI) =
Ao 3.3 - md Y(2)

Now
A(L) =0

Ao 3.(I;)-
405, S.S2, 8-654
9. .

- .405,S:
S2,8-654 654) n
-

w
genenaf
Alh
A i e-3)
the
Thud
Thu,

n t + On Ainwnt
(Cn Co
(x, t)
=

n
On- Bo2n Hoj
n

Cn Bojn Aoin
H ,

Now

0 at tob
 Cn n
-Co wn

Put t, we t

Cn 3.(n
&(x,o) (z)

Cn Cn J n
CnCn3. (u.) -
n

multipy egn ( b
3.(9Um nd integnalung 4rm
o to 1
0

dq C n 97.(9um) . (9u)do
(2) . (g)

,(Ax) I,(41)dx
nb ()8
: Beul 4h orthogo
nalihy
Con 3um) m n

CC33(um). . 3(gtm)ag
 Replace m by
Cn y 3 (9Un) d
un) Now

L
(un) ( 0 )L
d
L3un)
.(an
A u i en
Censites th Aeutien
Equatuon (19 amd (

wo nodes

(I) L/

For n-
, t
(zt) C 3. (9Z
whuru L

C
(I)
L
L to SSs2
2

Coblo

Lt (4)t.3.(3 d

The Vibnatioms aRectamgulon membName

md PhyAiC>HS
Refenenc Book Applied mathematics Jor Engineer
by Pipes amd Hanvelu
b
Coniden tho osciu ations o a 4tei b mumbnmeSuppose
hat the mem bnme has a dunity 'm'm| cmamd
that it ipulld eweny 0010Umd ib edge with a tensicn

T oyne Cm ength o edge

a T dx

b b
Tay T
a
Tdx

the membname inpee ctly tlexiakle, this tensien

wil be distributed eweny houghou its aug. e
the matenial
matenia n opposlle sidts e any ine segment
d abant outh a
onas Tdx Cyne
Lat be the displacamant membname nem ib eqblm
pOAitinn
U = u(I, t)

toe Use nectam9ulan Co-0din atus , U-ulz,t )

ConAldun am element dd othi membime
tha swau t h e membam
e
nc nonm to tha

tenioms Tdy given b

duu Lo6 th pain o Td
Toy - 2),1
+d

d+
Tdy (), u
) Auie expamaiom
md

by TayLon 4 highn
oordn d
nagucting
terms

T d
O
T o' dz d
x2

oluu
olu to pain Tdx
pain
nt nonma orce
Aimiiany
simiiany,th

T d (67uy57
T o' dz dy -
the net {ona en element
he sum o thue 40icu
the mas
elumunt times acceler.
md i equal to
 T + ' dz dy -
m a d dy
t

ay 3t2

L i he owe eg
c
-
the mem b m e
or
when cI c
m

using 3epouHon 0aiablu

t hthe
e bolutiom s ) be

() EC}Y F,( -
u(,t )
Put (4) tn 3), we 9

f d + f6 d + 6f d ffa d
dtz
dy
em boh Aldes
Divid b
by f, F2 Fs
we

dt
Fxt yy f-k*(Aap)
cFa
- d
ohere f
21 C
From (5), we g t 2 equatLemb: dz

d
 soln D Sin CKt
-

3C Cos cKt +

md
dF -K
f dy

aay) -
dz
gt 2 tguations -

Agun we

dFi +mf 0
dr mz
=
Ca Cob mi
+C4 Sin
F,

omd
dfa

a Cs C + C An 94
9 km
whn

Now put , , in , we get

(Cs Cos 4 +CSin 9)
(Ca Co>,ma +Cq Sin mx )
uCx,y.t) =

CKt + S i n CKt) o
C Cos
abp baumday ComditiomS
Now

0 u (o,y, t ) 0
Sing)CC, Cab CKt +G Sincrt)
O C3 (Cs Cos9y +C

-(11)
 (ii
u(a,y,t) -0
O (C4 Sima ) (C, Cop Ckt +CSin cxt) ( Cs Cos9 +Cc Singy)

ma = nTT whn h , 2, 3- -

m -(12)
ALso
uCa,o, t) = o

O Ca Sin nT z) ( Cs) ( GCoCKt +Sin Ckt)

Cs O (13)
Put (13) in (to)

C4Sin nTx) (Cc

sin 9) (G Co Ckt + Sinckt)
u ( , y, t) =

(14)
=0
(iv u (x ,b, t)
SinCKt)
Sin96) (GCos ktc +g
(C4 Sin nI ) (
x c
o

whw n=l, 2, 3-
b n T

(15)
b
k + m TT n
b

Kn
(B+
Alh i Superpoiticn o all n,nj
hus thu 9enina

C Can
n Sin mi C¢r ingy (Gcosckt +Sinckt)
-
 u(y t)=2 Cnn An hx Ain T C, CosCkt +Sinckt)
b

Sin CKt+GCosCkt)CK
CnnSin nTz Ain nry (-C
dt b

0 18)
Ca
Ain rTt Cob CKt
CodCKt

u(,, t) = Cnn C Ain nT

h,r=0

Sin n in Tb Cod Ckt (1

uCxy.t) =
Anr
h,Y=0 = Anr)
CChr
C
initial
nua
given
isi v e n
g

Boumda Condutiom: the membme we

then
hen
no
ini
ini i a velocity
tial vetocithy.
ment Uo cmd
d i plac

t-o in
8et Put

Uo
Any n hTX i n rmy
b
- 20
a(7,9, ) =

h,=

&in PT
t amd untegota
md untegzuh
mTX
multi ply both Aicdts by Sin
oto b
rem o to a
b
Sin Pry dy
un mTX d
PT
b
u (x.y,o) a O
b

Anr Sin nTX Sin milX dr Sin rty.

a
n,rl
Sin P
 n hTX mn Opr
Sin PT9 dr =
Anr
O
b
Y,h=
whin m=n

Amp ab
4

Amp
ub
Sin m2 . d«|&in P d
a

a
in a)
Anr 4 u(x) Ain nT
ab

Boluhon
boluhom
he
e md eg 19 i
Combin auion

Membione
o Cinculan
he Vibnations
The

lexiblu membramu hawing

Conaidtun th braticms a
cmand that is pud eventy with
dunity e'm m
T dynes. H pectly
the mumbme
aterniom
uniOnn unill be alissubuled eeny through
41exibl, this
e th matei a m oppoitu Aides o
6ut ts ane
i puld apat
with a fonce
amy ume Segment dz

Tdz dune
memhhame hom i t
be h dis placemert md o
u tine amd t hthe
e
poitien. 9t
s
a " otine
equili bruum thi membime we, WSe polan co-ordinatu

pOAiHen

point, u haill be
a o , 9 4 t.
this
ocai
the n once normal t
th sua o
Case
9n thid
gn
the membyme dlu te th paun G unsioTA Tdy

given
Td
Td -(3).3 Toy - 0Tdy
Toy ( )a ),
Tdx

by Taylor Senies ep md neqlecti ng

terms oordu d 4 highui )

T dy ( ),d
T ou dr -

(1)
S
2 paun
paun Tdx
Tdi
orc d u to
duw
net nomal orcu
he
lsimiuouy
Muuu l y ,

d xd y - ( 2 )
T o

net For

dzdy
+ou dz dy =
m

ay
3whu

condinatus, t h egh bicoms

9n
gn polon
 at2
(
the motOn
moHOT)
whvu
ohuu
ws Consid th symmelu cal COse
about tu ongn
stanting in a aymme ica mannui
ia emly n 1
s0 that tha dis plac mant u

oamgle 9
amo independuntly
@cillicns about thu
JummehriCal
hi th Case o

Onugin (5)
u( n, t)

amd g 4) becomns
. (6)
)
aOlaiOnS oa
Btuoly thi symmeti cal
tu now
giuven am
dm
a that a

1adius
Cinculasn mem bnme o
t = 0
intia diplacement 4.(n) at
th solution
Solution Oa
th that
t
thi caxe, we hawe to tind has thr initia
Sn alsb
alb has th
amd
vamishes at n = a [ u t a ,t)=o]
0
ualw u% (n) at t
be thoum
th solulion
(7)
A(n) B ( - -- .
u(n, t)

Put in (6) we get

dt Ad
dB
(7d+dn ) olt
 C dA dA
A d -

o y)- - (8)
d

We
get (9) es
dA LdNA A =0 de we-o-
d
c
Eqh i Ben e9 of zeroth ordw
han c soulton o
Aln) 3 . ( »n) +E Y - -
wheu md Y.( ) u the Bemel e
3 kund
3eroth ordle of 1ST 2
amd
th s0ln (10)

B(t) = F Cobwt +CSintof (12)

at the 0ugin
0rigin
Since th amplu tude Oscil ati on nuti ,

we have
hna
hunca
mut U0rush
Jmush n=a
at n= a
Oscitlation
The omplitude
must hawe C euj
we

o3()
soluti on, D
#
Non-trvau
For
hence, -(13)

5.S20, 8.653, l1:791, 14.93,

-

C 4 04,
w 9.404, 5520 c, 8-653 c,.
a

E Wn n 2, -
 The genenu soluion
CoscDn1 + Gn Sinwnt)
4(n, t)= On 3. )( Fn
8(t)
A(n)
Wnt + Kn Aindnt)
o
Hn
n
an2) Dn fn
whene Hn=
h Dn n

NOW,
u(, 0 (14)
t
Co Wn
u(n,t) S H n J. ( 2) at t-o

co O=
NoLD
H n3 n
on=U.((")
ufn,o) guen

on

u(n,0)
Hn3
n
On, 49)
Hn Jotn9) tn
C
u.) h:
om both sides
both ides amd
md
ulti ply by 9 f
J. ( tm)
m
Now to 1 rt. 9
both Aidts rm o
inte grnatt

Z Hn
*n 9) ddg
3.(n9)
9 J. (tn
J . ( t ) dq n J ( tm
ue () 9
Hn 2 bmn

h=

93(49) In (4dg
2
IntASAu
 (Applying Bonelt onthogonalitt)
when m n Smn-

C Hm (tm)

t 9)u,tmd
Hm
7 '
(tn)( ) . 9 3(
t» 9) u(7)
dg
Hn 7 (
(ta)

n@ )us(n) 4
a d
a

) u,
u.()
(n) do
dn

a)7
n 3.n
3.Dn)
C
- (16)
a n
md ind Hn
Hn
iuen amd
valu e{ o(n)
Put h eg (4)
wil
Completu
n
then

Conduction Equati on
Heat

u k Vu
t
tempenatwne
un a
ina solid
tempeNatwie
tha
thi
t)
Hene
Hene,
ux,f,7,
time t
at
(, tz)
a poitien
o u t u i u t y (Coatamt)
and
 9n 0

drenona hrot eqution

One

Oxi33 , t>0

u(3,1)=O
u (o, t)
=

that
given
i n IoTx
8TTX +
amd =5 Ain 4T7 -3Ain
a(,0)

Sn+er prdation :- umiks

33umubs
has
NAulat ed has
aeng th o
a length
swn4ace ane keet
ket at
Aban. whose ends ahe
uniks 4 it
and a di uai vity o ts initial
tempenatwie
tempenatwne

temperatuwie
zeno mits + 10TX nd
thne

3sin &TX + Sin

&in 4 T x
-

5 t)
u(7, t)
ux,0)
at time
tune t i-e
(.e tind u(7,
x
at positiom
temp

iufs,t)=
uCo,t)
=0

1 3

3 n aritng
-we
auady
i d aluady
Lotutton

the
b
ban
a GI
nkn G I the
1empeTatwne c
Faind th
5'c.
Quws temp
aniti al

soued Q.3
we get
n om - artr
Ain nTX
Cne
3
u ( ,t) n=
 u(x,0) S (gven)

Sin n T Ox 3
aS Cn 3
n amd inteqnating
integnatun
t
0otd 33

Ain mTx
md
mutti py both AldLs by
t p l 3

3 Sin nTX ddx

5 Sin mTZ dz= C Sinm
3 3

- C Smn C
Cm = X 95 Sin mTT dx

Cn s sin ni d
3

Co nm )|. = So (1-ces n T)
nIT3
- t
00 60(1-Cas nT) in nn2
e 3
u(1, t) 5
n -at

100 ar
e
Ain
ng mataial o
matuial
wd oconduch
A homo
genbus md
emp.m d
ut 8 ends zero emp
kert a t zerd
Cm has tts
00
ength
initiatly
the +empenatwu
O So

u (7,0) =
100-
So z J00