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CHEM120 Tut2 (Kinetics) Solutions 2023

Tutorial 2 solutions for chem120

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47 views5 pages

CHEM120 Tut2 (Kinetics) Solutions 2023

Tutorial 2 solutions for chem120

Uploaded by

ciraolwethu0
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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School of Chemistry and Physics

University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus


CHEM120: Chemical Reactivity

Tutorial 2

11th and 16th August 2023

Reaction Kinetics

1. For each of the following reactions express the rate of reaction in terms of the rates of
reaction of the reactants and products:

a) N2 + 3 H2 → 2 NH3

b) H 2 + ½ O2 → H 2 O

c) H2O2 + 2 H+ + 3 I¯ → I3¯ + 2 H2O

− Δ[N2] − Δ[H2] + Δ[NH3]


Rate of Reaction = = =
Δt 3 Δt 2 Δt

− Δ[H2] − Δ[O2] + Δ[H2O]


Rate of Reaction = = =
Δt ½ Δt Δt

− Δ[H2O2] − Δ[H+] ̶ Δ[I-] +Δ[I3-] +Δ[H2O]


Rate of Reaction = = = = =
Δt 2 Δt 3 Δt Δt 2 Δt

2. The reaction A + B → C + D is found to be first order with respect to A and second


order with respect to B. Write down the rate law for this reaction.

Rate = k[A]1 [B]2

3. Consider the following hypothetical reaction: A(aq) → B(aq). The initial concentration
of A was 0.102 M. Given the following data, calculate the average rate of disappearance
of A for each 1-minute interval in units of mol dm-3 min-1.
Time (min) 0 1 2 3 4 5
Molarity (M) 0.102 0.065 0.054 0.045 0.039 0.034

The rate of the reaction from 0 to 1 minute is calculated as follows:

-[A] -(0.065 – 0.102) M


Rxn Rate -2 -1
= = = 3.7 x 10 M min
(0 – 1)
at (1 – 0) s

Do the same calculation for the remaining time intervals.

Time (min) 0→1 1→2 2→3 3→4 3→4


-2 -2 -3 -3 -3
Rate (M min-1) 3.7 x 10 1.1 x 10 9.0 x 10 6.0 x 10 5.0 x 10

4. The following initial rate-concentration data was collected for the reaction

Al(OH)3 + 3HCl → AlCl3 + 3H2O

Exp. No. [Al(OH)3]o / M [HCl]o / M Initial rate / M s-1


1 0.30 0.30 4.0 x 10-3
2 0.60 0.30 8.0 x 10-3
3 0.30 0.60 16 x 10-3
4 0.30 1.20 64 x 10-3

Determine the rate law and calculate the value of the rate constant.
[Al(OH)3] :

[(conc. 2)÷(conc. 1)]x = rate 2 ÷ rate 1


(0.60 ÷ 0.30)x = 0.008 ÷ 0.004
2x = 2 = 21
x=1

[HCl] :
[(conc. 4)÷(conc. 3)]y = rate 4 ÷ rate 3
(1.20 ÷ 0.60)y = 0.064 ÷ 0.016
2y = 4 = 22
y=2
Therefore, the rate law is:
rate = k[Al(OH)3] [HCl]2

Using experiment 1:
0.004 M s-1= k(0.30 M)(0.30 M)2
k = 0.15 M-2 s-1

5. The rate of the reaction

CH3COOC2H5(aq) + OH-(aq) → CH3COO-(aq) + C2H5OH(aq)

was measured at several temperatures and the following data was collected:

Temperature (oC) k (M-1 s-1)


15.0 0.0521
25.0 0.1010
35.0 0.1840
45.0 0.3320
Calculate the value of the activation energy (Ea) by constructing an appropriate graph.

You need to use the Arrhenius equation to solve this problem.

E
a
ln k = ln A –
RT

Step 1. Convert the units of temperature from oC to K in the table


Step 2. Write the inverse of the temperature readings (1 ÷ T)

T (oC) T (K) 1/T (K-1)


15 288,15 0,0034704
25 298,15 0,003354
35 308,15 0,0032452
45 318,15 0,0031432
Step 3. Write the natural logarithm for each rate constant (ln k)

k (M-1 s-1) lnk


0,0521 -2,95459033
0,1010 -2,292634762
0,1840 -1,692819521
0,3320 -1,10262031

Step 4. Plot a graph of [v/s (1/T) (ln k)]

1/T (K-1) lnk


0,0034704 -2,95459033
0,003354 -2,292634762
0,0032452 -1,692819521
0,0031432 -1,10262031

Step 5. Determine the slope of the graph.

The equation of the (dotted) linear trendline (y = -5643.9x + 16.632) of the


following format:

−𝐸𝑎
ln 𝑘 = + ln 𝐴
RT
Step 6. Use the slope of the graph to calculate the activation energy (Ea)

E
a
slope =–
R

E
a
-5643.9 K=–
(8.314 J mol-1 K-1)

E = 679 J mol-1
a

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