Republic of the Philippines

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Region VIII- Eastern Visayas
Division of Southern Leyte
District I of Sogod
SOGOD NATIONAL HIGH
SCHOOL

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS IN PHILIPPINE POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE

First Quarter LAS 3

Content Standard
Demonstrate an understanding of politics and political science, governance, political ideologies, power,
states, nations, and globalization

Performance Standard
Clearly identify a specific political phenomenon and how it can be studied

Competency:

Analyze the nature, dimensions/types, and consequences of power HUMSS –PG12-ID-13

Introduction

Political Science is the study how people interact with each other and the first concept to teach in Political
Science is the concept of Power. . The activities that we do together are influenced by certain person
having the power. We will learn how people behave with respect with other people.
Power, according to J.C. Turner (2005) (https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.244) ”the standard theory is that
power is the capacity for influence and that influence is based on the control of resources valued or
desired by others. As per definition of power, it is presupposed that for one to be empowered, he/she
must be capacitated with the skills of influencing and persuading others and the know-how of coercion.

LET US READ

NATURE OF POWER

It is through the idea of power and its derivatives and correlates such as force, influence, energy, control, strength,
cause, pressure, authority, coercion, and insight that we make intelligible the dynamics and momentary stabilities of
society and nature. But yet, though power be so fundamental and meaningful, attempts to agree upon its definition
have failed. (The Fundamental Nature of Power https://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/TCH.CHAP19.HTM)

One might think that the term is obvious but when you spend some time seeing how power is wielded and how power
is manifest in relationships, you will see that it is complicated.

We often ask them to draw a picture of power and among the many, many creative works we often get are drawings
that including a weapon, a sign with words like "stop" or "do not enter" or a picture of fist held up in triumph.

We get pictures of an adult with a child or a picture of a police officer dealing with a criminal. We might see a picture
of money or a university degree or an appeal to donate to an important cause.

I am sure that if you try this exercise you will come up with all sorts of ideas about how we may draw the concept of
power.

The next step is to look at how power is articulated through each of those drawings.
In terms of the weapon, we might identify that the power of the weapon is coercive. In terms of the parent or the
police office, we would say that their power comes from authority.

And, for money or a university degree we would identify that influence is the mechanism by which these objects give
us power.

Coercion, authority and influence are the three main forms of power.

Each of these three forms of power emanates from different sources.

Dickerson, Flanagan and O'Neill in their book, An Introduction to Government and Politics, say: "Influence is the

ability to persuade others to do your will, to convince them to want to do what you want them to do. The important

point is that the targets of persuasion act voluntarily... Coercion is the deliberate subjection of one will to another

through fear of harm or threats of harm. (Finally,) authority is a form of power in which people obey commands not

because they have been rationally or emotionally persuaded or because they fear the consequences of disobedience,

but simply because they respect the source of the command."

Authority can come from two sources: natural or public authority. Natural authority is like the parental relationship.

Public authority stems from the norms we create in society that have us tacitly obey those who have been given

power to act on our behalf. For example, it is a generally accepted norm that a police officer is acting on our behalf.

And, while we don't often say this, it is true that public servants, like politicians and bureaucrats, are elected or hired
to act on our behalf.

Each of the relationships that exist under each of these forms of power is different.

Jun 9, 2017 10:14 PM By: Tracy Summerville https://www.princegeorgecitizen.com/opinion/understanding-the-

nature-of-power-3728483

LET US READ

Dimensions of Power

Power has its dimensions, which makes us aware of its scope or boundaries, and they are as follows:

1. Agenda- This refers to the motive of the person who wants to have power or the reason why one
wants to be paced under the influence of another person.
2. Decision-making- This refers to the end of the person seeking for power, where he has to have
influence over others because they are vital to whatever decisions he would be making inherent to his
status or position.
3. Manipulation- This is from the means of who holds the power and it refers to the controlling
factor over the other person and which means that the former can make the latter do whatever he
wishes, whether in legitimate or illegitimate means.

Power can be defined in many ways. Most simply , it is the ability to get what you want, or as scholar
Kenneth Boulding said, “Power is the ability to change the future”. Some scholars make distinction
between the three kinds of power. These are the dimensions of Power.

POWER OVER- the ability to dominate another person or group as in “ I have power over him”. This
means “ I have the ability to make him do what I want him to do”. It usually comes in force and theat. If a
subordinate fails to to do what he is asked to do, the dominant person will use force to make that
subordinate person comply.

POWER TO- The abilty to do something on one’s own- It refers to one’s abilities. Sources of this kind of
power are intellect, resources, knowledge, stamina, etc. These resources give some people the power to
accomplish things hat other’s cannot.

POWER WITH- The ability to work with others to get something done by cooperation. This is the power of
consensus-the power of people working together to solve a common problem.

LET US READ

TYPES OF POWER

a. COERCIVE POWER-This kind of power involves the use of threat to make people do what one
desires. In the organization, it translate into threatening someone with firing, transfer, demotions. It
basically forces people to submit to one’s demand for the fear of losing something.

b. REWARD POWER- as the name suggests, this type of power uses rewards, perks new projects or
training opportunities, better roles and monetary benefits to influenced people. However, an
interesting aspect of this type of power is that , it is not powerful enough in itself, as decisions related
to rewards do not rest solely with the person promising them, because in organization, a lot of other
people come into play like senior managers and board.

c. LEGITIMATE POWER-This power emanates from an official position held by someone, be it in an

organization. or government. The duration of this power is short lived as a person can use it only till
the time she holds that position, as well as, the scope of the power is small as it is strictly defined by
the position held.

d. EXPERT POWER- This is personal kind of power which owes its genesis to the skills and expertise
possessed by an individual which is of higher quality and not easily available. In such a situation,
the person can exercise the power of knowledge to influence people. Since, it is very specific and
skilss can be enhanced with time, it has more credibility and respect.

e. REFERENT POWER-This is a power wielded by celebrities and film stars as they have huge masses
who like them, identify with them and follow them. Hence, they exert lasting influence on a large
number of people for a larger number of decisions, like from what car to buy to whiuch candidate to
choose for a higher office in the country.

LET US READ

CONSEQUENCE OF POWER

In the exercise of one’s power, it is imminent that it will yield a result. The figure below (culled from
https://www.slideshare.net/mobile/jassidut/power-andpolitics-28411797) would summarize the general
consequences of power:
 SOURCE OF POWER CONSEQUENCES OF POWER

Expert power COMMITMENT

Referent power

COMPLIANCE

Legitimate power

Reward power

Coercive power RESISTANCE

Abused power LOSS OF POWER

References
Printed Materials
Pawilen, R,A. (2017) Philippine Politics and Governance. Manila, Philippines. Rex
Bookstore
Websites
https://www.slideshare.net/mobile/jassidut/power-and-politics-28411797
https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.244
https://www.slideshare.net/mobile/jassidut/power-and-politics-28411797
https://iapps.org/2014/09/28/three-dimensions-of-power/
https:/wwwmindtools.com/pages/article/newLDR_56.htm
https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/416123
NAME ____________________________ GRADE 12 SECTION __________ PPG

Activity 1. “Fact or Bluff”

Directions. Write fact on the space before each item if the question or situation is true and bluff, if not true.

_____ 1. The presence in the country of food chains like McDonald’s, KFC, etc,manufacturing and distribution
companies lke Coca Coca Botlling Corporation, Johnson and Johnson Philippines, etc, are manifestations of
capitalism and these corporations have a very strong hold on the people.

_____ 2. Uganda at one time in history adopted the ideology of despotism thus power then was held by the
President at the time, Idi Amin.

_____3. In the Philippines, the father has always been the repository of authority in the family and this is an
indication that the society is patriarchal in nature

---------4. It is believed that Germany under Adolf Hitler adopted the fascist ideology, the reason why he held all
the powers during his tim

______5. In every class we vote for class officers and the class President is expected to be the alter-ego of the
adviser in the absence of the former.

NAME ____________________________ GRADE 12 SECTION __________ PPG

ACTIVITY 2 Look for a SCENARIO. Write your answer on the given boxes.

1.Look for situations where people who have authority to directly impact the course of an issue have a say
in making key decisions.

2. Look for people who have had the wool pulled over their eyes, who are apparently acting against their
own interests, or who take on the viewpoint of others. Look for people who possess resources and access
to media or educational tools with which to manipulate attitudes and opinions.

Robert A. Dahl, “The Concept of Power,” Behavioral Science2, 1957. 201-15; quoted in Patrick Bernhagen, “Power: Making Sense
of an Elusive Concept,” an unpublished manuscript. March 2002.
ACTIVITY 3 Justify Me.

Direction. Below are scenarios about the types and consequences of power. Read each carefully and understand the
situations before answering. Answer at the back.

1. Pepe S. was the smartest boy and the kindest soul in his class back in high school. Because of this, he unknowingly
put up a boy group in the campus at that time. He automatically became the honorary leader of the said group.The
members of the said group would always follow what he said and what he would do. Pepe never scolded the other
boys for obedience issues and the latter never contradicted him as well. What type of power did Pepe S. hold back in
his high school days? What result did that power yield?

2. In barangay Adayu, three nurses were deployed back in March 16,2020 toassist the barangay officials, the
Barangay Health Workers and the members of the Barangay Peace-keeping group in implementing the Enhanced
Community Quarantine. The barangay put up its own triage area to apprehend people who may manifest the
symptoms of the covid19 or who were PUI or PUM. In the process, the nurses manned the triage. In this scenario,
what type of power was exercised and who exercised it? Why? What do you think was the consequence of the
exercise of that power?

3. Way back in 2018, PRRD gave a pronouncement about the eradication of the ‘drugs business’ and ‘drug use’ in the
country, thus, the ‘Operation Tokhang’ was instituted and it’s implementation was placed in the hands of the
Philippine National Police. As per news reports, the members of the PNP had to engage into so-called military
operations to catch high prolife drug personalities and more often than not, some suspects get killed and some
military operatives either get hurt or become casualties as well. In this scenario, is there any type of power
exercised? What type of power is it and who could have exercised it? Why? In the long run, what do you think would
be the consequence of the exercise of this type of power?

Activity 4 Essay.
Direction. write a one-paragraph reflective essay of your most significant learning about the topic, with emphasis on
your perspective about power as it has been exercised by the front liners in your respective Barangay in the face of
the covid19 pandemic., composed of not less than 100 words and not more than 120 words.

RUBRICS
CONTENT (10) MECHANICS (10) ORIGINALITY (5) NEATNESS (5)
Relevant to the topic. Use of Proper Language Statements or sentences Minimal erasures. Use of
Related or connected Use of correct spelling or are not copy-pasted one color of ball pen ink
statements. Grammatically vocabulary. Use of proper
correct sentences or correct punctuation
marks. Follow the
prescribed number of
words.
NAME ____________________________ GRADE 12 SECTION __________ PPG

ACTIVITY 2 WORK WITH IMAGE

Direction: Identify the types of power of the following images. Write your short discussion in the
space provided.

Image Types of Power Discussion Here

Teacher

President

Pope
Dept . of Health

Actress
Manager

Manager

Albert Einstein

The Boss