Republic of the Philippines 12

Department of Education
Region V
Schools Division of Sorsogon
PILAR CLUSTER
School Year: 2021-2022

Learning Activity Sheet Number: 1 Quarter 2 Week 1

Grade Level/ Strand/Subject: Grade 12 Electrical Installation and Maintenance

Topic: Install Electrical Protective Devices

I. LEARNING SKILLS FROM

LESSON: Install Electrical Protective Devices

CONTENT STANDARD: Install electrical protective devices for distribution,
power, lighting, auxiliary, lightning protection and grounding systems.

PERFORMANCE STANDARD : Correct procedures for installation of electrical

protective devices are performed in line with job requirements and PEC. Unit Code:
ELC7413302

LEARNING COMPETENCIES : Install Circuit Protective Devices

II. INTRODUCTORY CONCEPT

Background Information for Learners

A device used to protect equipment, machinery, components and devices, in
electrical circuits, against short circuit, over current and earth fault, is called as
protective devices.
Protective devices are necessary to protect electrical appliance or equipment
against:
a. Short Circuit
b. Abnormal variations in the supply voltage
c. Overloading of equipment
d. To protect the operator against accidental contact with the faulty equipment,
falling which the operator may get severe shock.

TYPES OF ELECTRICAL PROTECTIVE SYSTEM

1. Panel board A distribution board (or panel board) is a
component of an electricity supply system which
divides an electrical power feed into subsidiary circuits,
while providing a protective fuse or circuit breaker for
each circuit, in a common enclosure. Normally, a main
switch, and in recent boards, one or more Residual-
current devices (RCD) or Residual Current Breakers

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 with Overcurrent protection (RCBO), will also be incorporated. Breakers are
usually arranged in two columns. In a US style board, breaker positions are
numbered left-to right, along each row from top to bottom. This numbering
system is universal across various competing manufacturers of breaker panels.

Common Panel Bus Configuration:

A. Typical Residential Panel Board (1 Phase) B. Typical Commercial/
Industrial Panel board

2. Circuit Breaker is an automatically-operated

electrical switch designed to protect an
electrical circuit from damage caused by
overload or short circuit. Unlike a fuse, which
operates once and then has to be replaced, a
circuit breaker can be reset (either manually or
automatically) to resume normal operation. Circuit
breakers are made in varying sizes, from small
devices that protect an individual household
appliance up to large switch gear designed to
protect high voltage circuits feeding an entire
city.

Types of Circuit breakers and their operating principle

A. Electromagnetic trip As the current flows through
the breaker, it creates a magnetic field within the coil.
During sustained overload conditions, the magnetic
field interferes and draws the core into the coil.
The metal trip bar is attracted
to the core forcing the latch
to move, thus opening the
contacts.

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B. Thermal trip If current flow exceeds the rated limit of the breaker, the
bimetallic strip heats and bends. As the strip bends, the latching mechanism is
tripped and the contacts open.

Principles Applied in Installing Panel Board

1. The approach shall be accessible and more convenient.
2. The panel board is centrally located to shorten the home wiring runs.
3. It must be installed near the load center, as in most cases panel boards are
mounted near the kitchen and in the laundry where heavy-duty loads are
expected.
4. To limit voltage drop on the branch circuit, the panel board shall be located in
such a manner that no circuit (wiring connections) exceed 35 meters long.
5. In the event that a circuit more than 35 meters long cannot be avoided, no. 10
AWG wire shall be used for runs up to 50 meters long and no. 8 AWG for longer
circuits.
6. The upstream side of the device is called Line Side. The downstream side is
called the Load Side.

3. Safety Switch A safety switch is a common type of enclosed switch. Safety

switches are generally used for two purposes:
A. As a disconnecting means for a service entrance
B. As a disconnecting means for motors In either case, a safety switch may
incorporate provisions for a fuse for over current protection.

The safety switch enclosure

provides a degree of protection to
personnel against incidental contact
with live electrical equipment. It also
provides protection for the enclosed
equipment against specific
environmental conditions.

Two Types Safety Switches:

● General duty
● Heavy duty.

Types of Safety Switch Enclosures

A. NEMA 1 (indoor)

Note: NEMA 1 safety switch enclosures may be easily

identified because of the presence of concentric
knockouts on the top of the enclosures.

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*NEMA- National Electrical Manufacturers Association

B. NEMA 3R (rainproof)

Note: NEMA 3R safety switch enclosures may

be easily identified by the presence of a hub
plate on the top of the safety switch.

C. NEMA 4X (watertight,
corrosion resistant)
Note: NEMA 4X enclosures
are generally constructed of stainless steel.

Inside the Safety Switch there is a

fuse which we called it as a
battery. Fuse is a device
used to protect the circuit from
over current.
The working principle of the fuse
is “heating consequence of the current”. It is fabricated with
a lean strip or thread of metallic wire. The connection of the
Fuse in an electrical circuit is always in series.
When too much current is produced due to the heavy flow of current in the electrical circuit,
the fuse gets softened and it opens the circuit. The extreme flow of current may direct to the
collapse of the wire and prevent the supply. The device should be replaced when trips occur
on the circuit unlike breakers that it can be reset.

4. Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI)

GFCI can help prevent electrocution. If a person’s body starts to
receive a shock, the GFCI senses this and cuts off the power before
he/she can get injured.
GFCIs are generally installed where electrical circuits may
accidentally come into contact with water. They are most often found
in kitchens, bath and laundry rooms, or even out-of-doors like
swimming pools or in the garage where electric power tools might be
used.
The GFCI will “sense” the difference in the amount of electricity
flowing into the circuit to that flowing out, even in amounts of
current as small as 4 or 5 milliamps. The GFCI reacts quickly (less
than one-tenth of a second) to trip or shut off the circuit.

5. Conventional Atmospheric Lightning Protection And Grounding System

Protection against effects of lightning

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 The principle consists in creating one or more preferred impact points for a lightning strike
using low impedance, conductor elements. These then conduct and dissipate the lightning current into
the ground. This coherent system enables the lightning to be captured and dissipated whilst providing
protection to the structure.

III. ACTIVITIES

A. LET US PRACTICE

Activity 1
Differentiate the two terms inside the venn diagram.

B. EVALUATION

Multiple Choice: Chose the best answer, Write the letter of the correct answer in
your answer sheet.
1. .Which of the following is a component of an electricity supply system which
divides an electrical power feed into subsidiary circuits, while providing a
protective circuit breaker for each circuit?
A. fuse B. safety switch C. GFCI D. circuit breaker
2. Which circuit breaker when its current flow exceeds the rated limit of the
breaker, the bimetallic strip heats and bends?
A. electromagnetic trip B. thermal trip C. tidal trip D.
wind trip
3. Which circuit breaker when sustaining its overload condition, the magnetic
field interferes and draws the core into the coil?
A. electromagnetic trip B. thermal trip C. tidal trip D.
wind trip.
4. Which of the following types of safety switch enclosures is rainproof and has a
hub plate on the top of the safety switch?
A. NEMA 1 B. NEMA 3R C. NEMA 4x D. NEMA 5
5. Which of the following type of safety switch enclosures is for indoor purposes
and can be easily identified because of the presence of concentric knockouts on
the top of the enclosures.
A. NEMA 1 B. NEMA 3R C. NEMA 4x D. NEMA 5

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6. Which electrical protective device shall be installed in wet locations like the
bathroom, kitchen, and swimming pool?
A. circuit breaker B. Safety Switch C. GFCI D. ELCB
7. How do you call the downstream side of a circuit breaker?
A. load side B. Line side C. center side D. Both A and B
8. Which electrical protective device when too much current causes the lean strips
to soften and open the circuit ?
A. fuse B. safety switch C. GFCI D. circuit breaker

IV. ANSWER KEY

Activity 1

Electromagnetic trip-Disconnects circuits through magnetic field

Thermal trip-Disconnects circuits through heats received

Evaluation
1. D 6. C
2. B 7. A
3. A 8. A
4. B
5. A

V. REFLECTION

Direction: Complete the sentences below

1. I realized that______________________________________________________
_____________________________.

2. The activities in this lesson are_______________________________________

_____________________________________________________.

3. Power tool is important in performing electrical to work because

__________________________________________________________________________________
______

VI. REFERENCE

https://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/69KV-SF6-Dead-Tank-Circuit
Breaker_60434698169.html
https://new.siemens.com/global/en/products/energy/medium
voltage/systems/outdoor-systems/live-tank.html

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https://www.electrical2z.com/2020/05/air-circuit-breakers.html
https://www.expertelectrical.co.uk/chint-miniature-circuit-breakers-6ka
https://www.indiamart.com/proddetail/molded-case-circuit-breaker-
12220758573.html
https://www.lowes.ca/product/circuit-breakers/square-d-qo-30-amp-single-pole
circuit-breaker-71803

Prepared by:

JASTIN M. MALLAPRE
T-II/PNCHS

Reviewed by QA Team:

AMADEO O. LAGUDA MA. LUISA C. AREVALO

Principal II/PNCHS Assistant Principal II

MARIA LOURDES M. MOLLEDA JASTIN M. MALLAPRE

MT-II/SHS-PNCHS T-II/SHS-PNCHS

Approved:

AMADEO O. LAGUDA
Principal II/PNCHS/Cluster Head