中医基础理论的主要
About Basic Theories of TCM
内容
中医基础理论主要阐述人体的生 The basic theories of TCM deal primarily with basic theoretical
理、病理及疾病的防治等基本理论 knowledge such as physiology, pathology, and the treatment
知识，内容包括阴阳、五行、藏象、 and prevention of disease, including yin and yang, the five
气血津液精神、经络、病因与发病、 elements, visceral manifestations, qi, blood, body fluid, vitality,
病机、防治原则等。 meridians, etiology, pathogenesis, and principles of disease
prevention and treatment.
阴阳五行：阴阳五行本属中国古代 Yin-Yang and Five Elements: These fall in the category of
哲学范畴，具有唯物主义和辩证法 ancient Chinese philosophy with concept of materialism and
思想。中医运用阴阳学说来阐释人 dialectics. Yin-Yang and five elements were introduced in TCM
体的结构、生理和病理，并用以指 to elucidate the structure, physiology and pathology of the
导临床的诊断和治疗。 body, and guide the clinical diagnosis and treatment.
藏象学说：研究人体各脏腑、组织 Visceral Manifestation Theory: This theory deals with the
器官的生理功能、病理变化及其相 physiological functions, and pathological changes of the
互关系，以及脏腑、组织器官与外 viscera, tissues and organs as well as their interrelationship. It
界环境相互关系的学说。是中医学 also deal with the mutual relations between the viscera,
理论体系的重要组成部分，也是指 tissues, organs and the external environment. It is an important
导临床各科进行辨证论治的理论基 part of TCM’s theoretical system and serves as the theoretical
础。 basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
气血津液精神：主要阐述气、血、津 Qi, Blood, Body Fluid and Vitality: They deal primarily with
液、精神的生成、作用及其相互关 the generation and actions of qi, blood, body fluid and vitality as
系，说明气、血、津液和精既是脏腑 well as their interrelationship. It tells us that they are not only
功能活动的产物，又是脏腑功能活 the products of zang-viscera and fu-viscera activity, but also
动的物质基础。 the material basis on which both the zang-viscera and the fu-
viscera function.
经络学说：研究人体经络系统的生 Meridian Theory: This theory deals with the physiology and
理功能、病理变化及其与脏腑相互 pathology of the meridian system as well as the
关系的学说，是中医基础理论的重 interrelationship of viscera. It is an important part of TCM’s
要组成部分。经络是人体沟通表里 basic theories. The meridians and its collaterals form an
上下、联络脏腑组织器官、通行气血 organic system which links up the exterior, interior, upper and
的一个有机体系。 lower parts of the body, connects the viscera, tissues and
organs, and circulates qi and blood.
病因与发病：主要阐述各种致病因 Etiology and Pathogenesis: The properties and
素的性质、特点及所致病证的临床 characteristics of all types of pathogenic factors as well as the
表现，并说明疾病的发生是由于人 clinical manifestations of resulting diseases are explained
体内外环境失调所致。 within this theory. It tells us that disease occurs because of the
imbalance of internal and external environment of the body.
病机：主要在于阐述病理变化的一 Pathological Mechanism: It elaborates the general law of
般规律，包括邪正盛衰、阴阳失调、 pathological changes, including concepts of prosperity and
气血津液失常、内生五邪、脏腑经络 decline of pathogenic factors, incoordination of yin and yang,
功能失常等方面。 abnormalities of qi, blood and body fluid, five endogenous evils,
and disturbance of the viscera and meridians.
防治原则：防病和治病的基本法 Principles of Treatment and Prevention: It discusses the
则。中医学强调预防为主，主张 basic principles of treatment and prevention of diseases. The
“治未病”，对控制疾病的发生与 prevention principle is given top priority in TCM by upholding
发展具有重要意义，治疗法则主要 that prevention comes first. It is of great significance in
包括治病求本、扶正祛邪、调整阴阳 controlling the onset and development of illnesses. The
等内容。 treatment principle incorporates a philosophy of finding and
treating the root cause of an illness, increasing its own power of
healing to resist and dispel pathogenic factors, and adjusting
yin and yang to maintain their balance.
