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Practical
Research 2
Quarter 1 – Module 4:

The Range and Value of

Research in the Area of
Inquiry and Interest
 FIRST QUARTER
Module 4- Week 4
The Range and Value of Research in the
Area of Inquiry and Interest
Content Standard : The learners demonstrate understanding of the
nature of variables.

Performance Standard : The learners should be able to formulate clearly

the statement of the research problem.

Competency/Code : 1. Writes a research title;

2. Describes the background of research

CS_RS12-ld-e-2

Learning Outcomes : 1. Identify some topics for research;

2. Analyze possible research topics based on
interest, availability of data, ability to handle and
relevance of the topic; and
3. Describes the background of research

What I Know
Instructions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write it on a separate answer
sheet.

1. What is the first consideration when writing the title of a research?

A. Appearance of title C. Locale of research
B. Brevity and conciseness of title D. Topic of research

2. A good research title should be novel. What element of research does a research problem should
possess?
A. Appropriateness C. Length
B. Conciseness D. New ness and freshness

3. Which of the following is NOT a criterion of a good research problem?

A. A problem should be of great interest to the researcher
B. A problem should be relevant and useful to a group of people
C. A problem should be well-defined
D. A problem should be well-funded
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4. Which of the following does NOT belong to the group as sources of researchable problem?
A. Conclusions from thesis and dissertations
B. Current and past researches
C. Recommendations from thesis and other research projects
D. Talent of the researcher

5. Which of the following requirements for a research project may depend on your institution?
A. The format
B. The word limit
C. Whether an abstract should be included
D. All of the above

6. How can you tell if your research questions are really good?
A. If they are linked together to help you construct a coherent argument
B. if they force you to narrow the scope of your research
C. If they guide your research literature
D. All of the above

7. Which of the following is a good research question?

A. Do students with high levels of self-efficacy demonstrate more active job searching
behaviors?
B. Students with higher levels of self-efficacy will demonstrate more active job searching
behaviors
C. To identify the relationship between self-efficacy and student job searching behaviors
D. To produce a report on student job searching behaviors

8. Which of the following title is NOT an example of quantitative research question?

A. Is there a significant relationship between emotional intelligence and leadership qualities
of school administrators?
B. How do teachers deal students with bipolar disorder? What are the classroom management
styles do they employ to let these students not adversely affect the attention of other students?
C. To what extent is the exposure of students in social media?
D. What is the level of academic performance of students-at-risk of dropping out (SARDO)?

9. What kind of research topic should be avoided?

A. Highly technical subject
B. Too broad subject
C. Vague subject
D. All of the above

10. Which should NOT be considered in choosing a topic for research?

A. Availability of information C. Personal resources
B. Interest of the research panel D. Relevance of the topic

11. What initiates the process of research?

A. Hypothesis C. Problem
B. Literature D. Significance of the Study

12. Which of the following is most likely to be a secondary source?

A. A book about educational theory in the early 1900s
B. A frontier family photograph
C. A soldier’s letter home during the Filipino-American War
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 D. Minutes from a school faculty meeting held in 1991

13. Which of the following is most likely to be a primary source?

A. A book about educational theory in the early 1900s
B. A film about battlefield maneuvers in the Civil War
C. A poem expressing a cancer survivor’s feelings
D. A vaccines s letter home during the surge of COVID-19

14. Which of the following illustrates a quantitative study?

A. Academic performance of Grade 11 senior high school students
B. Attributes to malnutrition in children
B. Public opinion of President Duterte’s last SONA
D. All of the above

15. What are the best sources of research problem?

A. Personal biases
B. Problems encountered in the classroom
C. Suggestions from experienced teachers
D. technical expertise or line of specialization

Research Title
Lesson 1

What I Need To Know

After going through this lesson, the learners are expected to:
1. Discuss the guidelines in formulating a research title;
2. Formulate the title of quantitative research; and
3. Examine the reasons and practical application on some topics of research.

What’s In
Instructions: Think of your own research problems then write them on the lines
provided. Underline once the independent variables; twice, the dependent variable.
Write your answer on a sheet of paper.

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 What’s’ New
Instructions: Analyze the following research titles and determine their common
characteristics. From your analysis, determine the common elements of a good research
title and the steps in formulating it.

Research Titles:

1. Cultural Diversity, Attitudes and Values of Radio Soap Opera Listeners (Moral,
2012)
2. Clinical Supervision and the Level of Performance of Elementary Teachers (Lisud,
2014)
3. The Effectiveness of Unified Approach in Practical Research 1 Instruction
through Contextualization (Moral, 2017)
4. Generating the Theory on Research Teaching: A Meta-Synthesis (Moral, 2019)
5. Attributes of Test Papers and Level of Performance of Students: Basis for the
Formulation of the Guidelines on Test Paper Construction (Cristobal, 2014)

What Is It

The Research Title

The title summarizes the main idea or ideas of your study. A good title contains
the fewest possible words that adequately describe the contents and/or purpose of your
research paper.
The title is without doubt the part of a paper that is read the most, and it is usually
read first. If the title is too long it usually contains too many unnecessary words, e.g., "A
Study to Investigate the.” On the other hand, a title which is too short often uses words
which are too general. For example, "African Politics" could be the title of a book, but it
does not provide any information on the focus of a research paper.

Generally, the title should (Vizcarra, 2003):

1. Summarize the main idea of the paper;
2. Be a concise statement of the main topic;
3. Include the major variable/s;
4. Show the relationship of the main variables of the study;
5. Include the main task of the researcher about the major variables under study; and
6. Mention the participants (in general manner) and the setting.

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Create a Working Title

Typically, the final title you submit to your professor is created after the
research is complete so that the title accurately captures what was done. The working
title should be developed early in the research process because it can help anchor the
focus of the study in much the same way the research problem does. Referring back to
the working title can help you reorient yourself back to the main purpose of the study
if you feel yourself drifting off on a tangent while writing.

The Final Title

Effective titles in academic research papers have several characteristics.

• Indicate accurately the subject and scope of the study.

• Avoid using abbreviations.
• Use words that create a positive impression and stimulate reader interest.
• Use current nomenclature from the field of study.
• Identify key variables, both dependent and independent.
• May reveal how the paper will be organized.
• Suggest a relationship between variables which supports the major hypothesis.
• Is limited to 10 to 15 substantive words.
• Do not include "study of," "analysis of" or similar constructions.
• Titles are usually in the form of a phrase, but can also be in the form of a
question.
• Use correct grammar and capitalization with all first words and last words
capitalized, including the first word of a subtitle. All nouns, pronouns, verbs,
adjectives, and adverbs that appear between the first and last words of the title
are also capitalized.
• In academic papers, rarely is a title followed by an exclamation mark. However, a title
or subtitle can be in the form of a question.

In general, there are three types of resources or sources of information: primary,

secondary, and tertiary. It is important to understand these types and to know what type is
appropriate for your coursework prior to searching for information.

1. Primary sources are original materials on which other research is based,

including:
o original written works – poems, diaries, court records, interviews,
surveys, and original research/fieldwork, and
o research published in scholarly/academic journals.
2. Secondary sources are those that describe or analyze primary sources,
including:
o reference materials – dictionaries, encyclopedias, textbooks, and
o books and articles that interpret, review, or synthesize original
research/fieldwork.

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 3. Tertiary sources are those used to organize and locate secondary and primary
sources.
o Indexes – provide citations that fully identify a work with information
such as author, titles of a book, article, and/or journal, publisher and
publication date, volume and issue number and page numbers.
o Abstracts – summarize the primary or secondary sources,
o Databases – are online indexes that usually include abstracts for each
primary or secondary resource, and may also include a digital copy of the
resource.

Sources of a Problem According to Vizcarra (2003):

1. When there is dissatisfaction in services and information.
2. Problems may be encountered in classrooms or at work.
3. Breakthroughs in science and technology may present unexpected problems.
4. Research thrusts and priorities of certain organizations.
5. Misconceptions of culture.
Considerations in Formulating Research Problems (Cristobal &
Cristobal, 2016)

A. External Criteria
1. Novelty- the topic must not have been used by many researchers.
2. Availability of subjects. Think of study participants who are within your reach.
3. Administrative support. This refers to the aid or the assistance that can be solicited
from the school or extended by the community.
4. Availability and adequacy of facilities and equipment.
5. Ethical considerations. Ensures that all activities to be undertaken are acceptable
and are done in accordance with what is legal and morally right.

B. Internal Criteria
1. Experience, training and professional qualifications.
2. Motivation, interest, intellectual curiosity, and perceptiveness of the researcher.
3. Time Factor
4. Costs and returns
5. Hazards, penalties, and handicaps

What’s More
Enrichment Activity #1
Instructions: Discuss briefly the following: 1) guidelines in formulating research title
and 2) sources of research problem. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

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Enrichment Activity #2:
Instructions: Using numbers 1 to 5, rank the following chronologically.

1. collecting data 2. pre-test

formulating research questions population issue
stating a research problem post-test
being interested in something sampling process
analyzing data treatment or intervention

What I Have Learned

Instructions: Recall every concept or topic on quantitative research problem that you
have learned in this lesson. Evaluate of your understanding of an item by entering
such concept or topic in the right column. Write your answer on a separate sheet of
paper.

Excellent Average Learning Little Learning Poor Learning Zero Learning

Learning

What I Can Do

Instructions: Enumerate at least 3 possible problems (think of those that can

be measured quantitatively) you may encounter in these various settings.

Personal (family Community

and social) Life

School Government

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 Lesson Background of the Study
2

What I Need to Know

After going through this lesson, the learners are expected to:
1. Discuss the essential elements of the background of the study;
2. Formulate the background of the study;
3. Distinguish a researchable from a non-researchable research problem; and
4. Apply the guidelines in stating quantitative research problem and research
questions.

What’s In

Instructions: Analyze the following figure (e.g. causes or results) related to the issue
or concern.

Attitudinal
concerns

Lack of
Absences Interest

Difficulty of
Transportation

Parental Allowances
Concern

Time
Factor

1. Select the concepts that influence by the issue or concern. You can use the internal
and external criteria in formulating research problems at this juncture.

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2. Consequently, formulate your own title of your problem:

Title

What’s New

Instructions: Conduct a hosting activity in which you will introduce a guest speaker
to the online class. Select a known personality and research on his/her background.
Write a short speech introducing your chosen personality.

Guide Questions:
1. What significant information did you gather about the known personality you chose
as guest speaker?
2. How did research help you write the speech introducing the guest speaker?
3. How can you relate this activity to the topic of the lesson?

What Is It
The first chapter of the research study is entitled “The Problem” or “The Problem
and Its Background.” Its purpose is to introduce the research problem, clarify important
variables, discuss its delimitations, and specify its significance to the field of study. It
has the following essential elements (Cristobal & Cristobal, 2016):
a. Introduction
b. Statement of the Problem
c. Scope and Delimitation
d. Significance of the Study
e. Notes in Chapter 1

Note: Chapter 1 of the research study can be explained clearly by describing each of
the aforementioned elements.

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The Introduction

The introduction is very important in establishing the cognitive setting of the

research and it involves:
a) Discussing why there is a need to study the problem,
b) Clarifying the important terminologies for the reader to easily understand what the
research is about, and
c) Establishing the degree of seriousness of the problem which has prompted the
researcher to look for solutions.

The following questions will aid the researcher in formulating the

introduction:
1. What is the rationale of the research problem? This question is answered by sharing
with the beneficiaries the reasons why the researcher has decided to look for solutions
to the problem.

2. What is the setting of the research problem? The setting forms part of the
delimitation of the study, as it defines the geographic boundaries of the study and
implies certain demographic characteristics.

3. What is the basic literature foundation of the study? This is different from the review
of related theories, conceptual literature, and research literature.

4. How serious is the chosen research problem? In this aspect, the researcher must see
the intensity and magnitude of the problem.

5. What is the general objective of the research problem? This derived from the general
statement of the problem and should be the basis of the enumerated statements of
specific problems.

6. What is the overall purpose of the research problem? It must be stressed that the
researcher should be totally aware of the purpose of the research problem.

According to Vizcarra (2003), there should be a theme in writing the

background of the study. The theme serves as an outline so that there is continuity of
ideas. The theme is based on the important variables of the study, their scope, nature
and characteristics. Furthermore, the presentation must be from macro to micro,
sometimes known as the deductive approach to data presentation.

The introductory statement must be eye-catching. The issues relating to the

investigation should be quoted or documented to encourage readers to read on. The
study should also be recent.

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 The last part of the study is a brief situational analysis to present information on
the problem and what prompts the researcher to venture into such a study. The analysis
attempts to show that the study is relevant and contributes to the existing fund of
knowledge.

What’s More

Enrichment Activity #1

Instructions: To help you formulate an effective introduction of your study,

exhaustively answer the following items. State the rationale, setting and the terms or
variables to be defined or clarified. Write your answer on a sheet of paper.

Proposed Study:

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Enrichment Activity #2

Instructions: Search for related literature that you can use to define the main
variables of your study. Collect at least 3 references per variable. Write down the
definitions.

References:
1.
2.
3.

What I Have Learned

Instructions: Determine the seriousness of your research problem. Show

statistical evidence of its gravity. Give the complete details of the references.

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 What I Can Do
Instructions: Name a general problem area in which you might conduct a research. At
this point, your problem area may still be broad, such as “social phobia” due to COVID
19. Note that you may want to name several problem areas for research and make
final selection at a later time. State the general objective of the study.

General Problem:

General Objective:

Assessment
Instructions: Choose the letter of the correct answer on the space provided. Write
your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. What is the first chapter of the research study?

A. Ethical Issues C. Scope and Delimitation of the Study
B. Review of Related Literature D. The Problem and Its Scope

2. What is the last part of the study that presents information on the problem and what prompts
the researcher to venture into such a study?
A. Rigor of the Study C. Situational Analysis
B. Sampling Procedure D. Statistical Tool

3. What comes after framing the title and statement of the problem?
A. Data Analysis C. Interview with the respondents
B. Identification of respondents D. Preparation of research instrument

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 4. What are published reports of actual research studies that were done previously?
A. Ancient literature C. Modern literature
B. Conceptual literature D. Research literature

5. What is known as the basis of the enumerated statements of specific problems?

A. General objective C. Review of related literature
B. Rationale of the study D. Statement of the Problem

6. What type of presentation of the research problem that starts from macro to micro?
A. Actual approach C. Inductive approach
B. Deductive approach D. Empirical approach

7. In this aspect, the researcher must see the intensity and magnitude of the
problem. Which of the following statement shows the research process?
A. Failure of the plan C. Laxity of the researcher
B. Insecurity of the researcher D. Seriousness of the researcher

8. This question is answered by sharing with the beneficiaries the reasons why the
researcher has decided to look for solutions to the problem. Which of the following
shows the correct statement?
A. How serious is the chosen research problem?
B. What is the basic literature foundation of the study?
C. What is the rationale of the research problem?
D. What is the setting of the research problem?

9. Which of the following should you think about when preparing your research?
A. Negotiating access to the setting
B. The ethical issues that might arise
C. Your sample frame and sampling strategy
D. All of the above

10. What should you do if you have a specific idea about what is to be researched?
A. Follow the steps of selecting a research problem
B. Formulate research objectives
C. Talk to your research adviser
D. Write a research proposal

11. What determines your research problem?

A. Amount of support you get from your research adviser
B. How good your research skills are
C. Length of your report will be
D. Methodology to be used

12. The formulation of research problem is part of the academic journey. What
makes it most relevant considering its quality as a project?
A. Importance C. Repetitive
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 B. Motivating D. Unimportant

13. What helps when developing a research question?

A. A big budget C. Knowledge of the subject area
B. Formulating objectives D. Specific guidelines in other books

14. Which of the following is NOT a part of internal criteria in formulating

research problems?
A. Experience, training and professional qualifications
B. Costs and returns
C. Time factor
D. Novelty- the topic must not have been used by many researchers

15. Which of the following is NOT a part of external criteria in formulating

research problems?
A. Availability and adequacy of facilities and equipment
B. Availability of subjects
C. Ethical considerations
D. Time factor

Additional Activity

Instructions: The list of possible topics for research is endless. However, there are
criteria to be used as guide in the selection of the topic. Read the different possible
topics for research study. Analyze the criteria in choosing your topic. Check if the
topic you had chosen passes the criteria. Write your answer on a separate sheet of
paper.

Topics Criteria
Interest in the Availability of Ability to Relevance of
Topic Data in the Handle the the Topic
Topic Topic
Abortion

Teleportation

Paperless
Office
Cloning

Teen-age
Marriage

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Answer Key

Module 4: Lesson 1

Module 4: Lesson 2

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References

Aquino, G.V. (1992). FundamentalsofResearch. Mandaluyong City: National Book

Store.
Baraceros, E.L. (2016).PracticalResearch 2 (FirstEdition). Quezon City: Rex Bookstore.

Calmorin,L.P. & Calmorin, M.A. (2007). ResearchMethodsandThesisWriting (Second

Edition). Manila: Rex Book Store.

Chico, A.M. & Matira, M.D. (2016). Practical Research forthe21st CenturyLearners
(Quantitative Research), Sampaloc, Manila: St. Augustine Publications, Inc.

Cristobal,A.P. & Cristobal, M.C. (2017). Practical Research for Senior High School 2.
Quezon City: C&E Publishing, Inc.

Moral, R.V. (2012). Cultural Diversity, Attitudes and Values of Radio Soap Opera Listeners. MAEd
thesis, CNU Cebu City

Moral, R.V.(2017). The Effectiveness of Modified Approach in Practical Research 1 Instruction

through Contextualization. Unpublished Action Research, Cebu City: Don Sergio
Osmeňa Sr. MNHS

Moral, R.V. (2019). Moral’s Theory on Creative Pedagogy in Research. PhD diss., CNU Cebu
City.

Vizcarra, F.O. (2003). Introduction to Educational Research. Quezon City: Great Books Trading.

https://library.sacredheart.edu/c.php?g=29803&p=185911

https://libguides.merrimack.edu/research_help/Sources

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