U.S.

MARINES
Close-Quarters
Combat Manual
 Close Combat

Table of Contents

Introduction

Fundamentals of Close Combat

Target Areas for Unarmed Comba:
Target Areas for Knife Fighting
Uke Basic Warrior Stance
Forward Movement
Rear Movement
Changirg Directions
Breaking a Fall
Očfensive Skills
Lend Hand Punch
Rear Hand Punch
Forearm Strike
Elbow Strike
Kricehand Strike
Kree Strike
K
Leg Sweep
Chokes
Dei e Skills
Biocking
Delensive Prone Position
 Page
LINE V E
The LINE System Unarmed Removal from the Rear 120
LINE I Unarmed Removal from the Prone EJ
Wristlock Armed Removal from the Rear ns
Reverse Wristlock Armed Removal from the Prone 129
Defense for a Front Choke
Defense for a Rear Choke Bayonet Fighting 13
Defense for a Front Headlock The Guard Position D
Defense for a Rear Headlock Forward Movement (Advance) 136
LINE II Right/Left Movement (Side Step) 137
Defense for a Lead Hand Punch ‘Turning Movement (Whirl) 137
Defense for a Rear Hand Punch Offensive Skills 138
Defense for an Uppercut Punch The Slash 139
Defense for a Front Kick The Straight Thrust 140
LINE UL ‘The Horizontal Butt Stroke 142
Defense for an Overhead Attack The Vertical Butt Stroke 143
Defense for a Straight Thrust ‘The Smash 144
Defense for an Outside Slash Defensive Skills 145
Defense for an Inside Slash 98 High Block 146
Defense for an Uppercut 101 Low Block 147
LINE IV Í3 Left Parry 148
Hammer Grip Right Parry 149
Icepick Grip ‘Combination Movements 150
Stance Group Stategy 151
Defense for an Overhead Attack Offensive Strategy 151
Defense for a Straight Thrust Defensive Strategy 152
Defense for an Outside Slash
Defense for an Inside Slash

vii
Big
 INTRODUCTION
Close combat is the oldest form of combat known to man. As man
progressed, so did his methods of combat. But no matter how tech-
LINE VI nical or scientific warfare becomes, there will always be close com-
Counter to the Slash bat. When modern weapons fail to stop the opponent, Marines must.
Counter to the Straight Thrust rely on their close combat skills.
Counter to the Horizontal Butt Stroke Close combat is at the opposite end of the combative spectrum from
Counter to the Vertical Butt Stroke self-defense. Self-defense techniques repel an attack. Close combat
Counter to the Smash techniques cause permanent bodily damage to the opponent with
every attack and should end in the opponent’s death. As Ameri-
Weapons of Opportunity cans, we are conditioned to fight at the intermediate range of close
‘Hand Weapons combat. The intermediate range is the distance from which you
Stationary Weapons deliver a punch or kick; eg., the distance between boxers. Most
Marines believe close combat involves punching and kicking the
opponent. In reality, most close combat encounters occur in the grap-
pling stage and involve joint manipulation, choking, gouging, and
ripping techniques.
This manual addresses fundamentals of close combat, the linear in-
fighting neural-override engagement (LINE) program, bayonet fight-
ing, and weapons of opportunity.
Fundamentals of close combat address target areas of the
body, weapons of the body, stance, falling and rolling tech-
niques, striking and blocking skills, takedowns, and choke-
holds.
The LINE program is a learned system of close combat tech-
niques. It develops a Marine's close combat technique to an
instinctive level. LINE I addresses wristlocks and counters
against chokeholds. LINE II counters against punches and
kicks. LINE III addresses unarmed defense against a knife.
LINE IV addresses knife fighting. LINE V addresses removal
of enemy personnel. LINE VI addresses unarmed defense
against a bayonet attack.

viii
Bayonet fighting addresses fighting with an MI6A2 rifle.
Weapons of opportunity address fighting with equipment
FUNDAMENTALS OF CLOSE COMBAT
and objects found on the battlefield. Target Areas for Unarmed Combat ,
m the Close combat’s goal is to cause permanent damage to the opponent's
This manual demonstrates all techniquesniqufro body with every technique. To accomplish this, you must know the
right-hand perspective. However, all tech es can be body's major target areas. Major target areas include the head, neck,
executed from either side. torso, groin, and extremities. Target areas are attacked violently and
swiftly —there areno second chances. Accessible partsof the opponent’s
body will vary with each situation and are attacked as presented.
Centerline
Temple
Ears
Cervical
Vertebr:
Clavicle:

Solar
Plexus:

Knees.
Head. The target areas of the head are tothetheeyes, temples, nose, Torso. The target areas of the torso are clavicle, solar plexus, ribs,
ears, and jaw. Causing extensive damage skull is a primary and kidneys. During combat, these target areas are usually protected
means of destroying an opponent. by body armor and combat equipment,
The eyes are soft tissue arcas that are not covered by naturathel pro- If fractured, the clavicle (or collarbone).
can immobilize the
tection Gie, muscle or bone). An attack to the eyes causesopponcen-
ent
opponent's arm.
tral nervous system to override conscious thought and the secondary
involuntarily protects his eyes with his hands, allowing Attacks to the solar plexus (or center of the chest) can immobilize
attacks to other target areas. the opponent by knocking the breath out of him.

Powerful attacks to the temple can permanently damage or kill the Damage to the ribs can immobilize the opponent and cause inter-
nal trauma.
opponent.
The nose is very sensitive and easily broken. An attack to the nose Powerful attacks to the kidneys can immobilize, permanently dam-
make
can cause involuntary watering and closing of the eyesgh andtraini age, or kill the opponent.
the opponent vulnerable to secondary attacks. Throu overcoming ng,
individuals can become accustomed to receiving and be power- Groin. The groin area is a soft tissue area and is not covered by
attacks to the nose. Therefore, strikes to the nose mustdary attack. natural protection. Damage to thisareacauses theopponent to invol-
fully delivered and immediately followed with a secon untarily protect the injured area with his hands and legs. The gen-
italsarethe main target. A near miss can cause severe pain, contract
the lower abdominal muscles, deterior
the opponent’s
ate stance, and
‘Attacks to the ear may cause the eardrum to rupture. The fighter
must create pressure by cupping his hands and forcefully delivering
cause internal trauma.
the strikes.
Extremities. Typically, an opponent’s extremities are encountered
Forcefully striking the jaw can cause unconsciousness and painful before any other major target area. An attack to an extremity (arms
injuries to the teeth, lips, and tongue. However, strikes to the jaw and legs) rarely causes death, However, extremities are still impor-
increase your chance of injury. If possible, strike the jaw with a hard tant target areas during close combat. The joints of the extremities
are the main target areas. Damage to a joint can cause the central
object (e.g., helmet, rifle butt, boot heel) to reduce your chance of nervous system to override conscious thought and immobilize the
injury.
‘opponent.
Neck. The target areas of the neck are the throat and the back
of the neck. Target Areas for Knife Fighting

The throat is a soft tissue area and is not covered by natural pro- Major knife fighting target areas include the head, neck, torso, groin,
tection. Damage to the throat causes the trachea to swell and closes and extremities. Accessible parts of the opponent's body will vary
the airway which can lead to death. with each situation. Although there are many insertion and slash
points on the human body that can cause permanent damage or
The back of the neck contains the spinal cord. Attacks to the spi- death, only the easily accessible target areas are covered.
nal cord can cause permanent damage and immobilize the opponent.
4
 Temple Neck. The neck’s main target areas are the carotid artery and jug-
Centertine ular vein. Precision is not critical when attacking the neck area. The
1 Eye neck area is small and all targets are close together. An attack to
the neck area causes extensive damage to the carotid artery; jug-
Ear Cavity 4 Nose Cavity ular vein; and other arteries, veins, and nerves and can kill the oppo-
R n
S Carotid Artery nent.
Jugular Vein
Subclavian Artery Torso. Knife wounds to the torso can disable the opponent or
Lungs: cause death if a vital organ is damaged or the individual goes into
‘Heart traumatic shock. The main target areas of the torso are the sub-
Brachial clavian artery, heart, lungs, abdomen, and kidneys, However, these
Arteries. target areas may be inaccessible if the opponent is wearing combat
gear (eg. flak jacket, cartridge belt with canteens).
‘Abdomen Overhead stabbing attacks to the subclavian artery can kill the oppo-
nent. The subclavian artery is located in the shoulder area and sur-
Groin. rounded by the collarbone.
nadia! ‘Kidneys
a Knife attacks to the heart can kill the opponent. However, the heart
Arteries: is protected by the rib cage. Although the rib cage provides protec-
tion, you can damage the heart by inserting a knife blade between
the ribs, under the rib cage through the abdomen, or from above
the rib cage through the neck.
Knife attacks to the lungs can kill the opponent. However, the lungs
are protected by the rib cage. Although the rib cage provides pro-
tection, you can damage the lungs by inserting a knifeblade under
the rib cage through the abdomen,

Head. The head area is an excellent targe t. Typically, slash wounds The abdomen is an excellent target because of its lack of natural
cause psychological
to the head do not cause death, but theyKnifcane wou protection. Knife attacks to the abdomencandisable or kill the oppo-
shock and hesitation in the opponent. nds to the head nent. If attacking the abdomen, insert the blade and rip across the
are beyond the psychological limits stopof acceptance for most indi- abdomen to create as large a wound as possible.
viduals and cause them to hesitate, the their attack or even quit.
Bone surrounding the head can cause main knif e blade to deflect and Knife attacks to the kidneys can immobilize and incapacitate the
only inflict superficial damage. The areas targe t areas of the head ‘opponent, To ensure success, the kidneys should be attacked from
are the temples and the eyes. Thes e are protected by a very the rear. The kidneys are usually protected by combat gear and are
by a knife blade. Other
thin layer of bone and are easily penetrated chin difficult to attack.
target areas (ie., ear, nose, and under the ) are less accessible
and difficult to attack.
Groin. ‘The groin area att is a soft tissue area and con is not covered by
natural protection. Knife cauacksess tothetheopgro in area tract the lower
nal mus cle s, Thi s po ne nt to dou ble over in an
abdomi inj ure d are a. Alt hou gh a gro in wo und has
attemp t to pro tec t the e is to imm obi liz e and
the potent ial to cau se dea th, its mai n pur pos
also pro-
incapacitate the opponent.ic.Injury to the groin area can
duce shock, fear, and pan
Extremities. An opponent'sattextackremtoitithe es (arms and legs) are read-
ily accessible target areas. An extremities rarely causes
Al th ou gh the ext rem iti es con tai n art eri es (ra dia l and brach-
Wrath. fem ora l art eri es in the upp er leg s) that
{al arteries in the arm s and
vn cause death, attacks to thevulext remities can disable or distract
attack.
the opponent and make him nerable to the main
Personal Weapons
under- Arm Movement
bat, you must know and gro
‘To be successful during closeThecombod
stand the body's weapons. y's three main weapon ups
are the head, arms, and legs.
Your hand is your arm's most versatile wea pon. The knuckles, cut-
oat
Phys- tng edgeofthe hand, hel of the palm, and fingers can be used
reases your chance of injury. mpl
Using your body as a weaponedincdur e,
ical dam age mus t be exp ect ing clo se com bat . For exa
you may injure your heel while crushi
ng your opponent’s skull. Your hand can be balled into a fistst and
andyour knuckles can be used
tostrike theopponent. Striking with your fist often causes injuries
to yout handand is not recommended as a primary method of atack
Head Movement tusing yourknuckles to attack the opponent, direct the blow to soft
areas (ie, eyes, throat, groin) to reduce your chance of injury.
reases your chance of injury.
Striking with your head or biting inc
use you r hea d as a str iki ng wea pon unless a helmet is worn.
Do not
ended, you must use all
Although these techniques are not recomm
an encounter.
techniques at your disposal to survive
‘The cutting edge of your hand can be used as a weapon to strike
the soft tissue areas of the eyes and throat.
Your fingers can gouge, rip, andtear thesoft tissue arcas oftheeyes, T bor Forana ieaey apaa adefensive posture. Your
duri)
throat, and groin. „| forea block orparryat
can rm
 Your elbow is a devastating striking weapon because it delivers a
... . or it can strike and break the opponent's elbow. Using your powerful blow within a short distance, This makes your elbow an
forearm as a striking weapon helps prevent injuries to your fist and excellent striking weapon during the grappling stage of close combat.
fingers.

15
4

potme
—
 your instep,
Leg Movement
Your legs are more powerful than your arms or head and are less
d by your boot and is the pre-
prone to injury. Your foot is protectent.
ferred choice for striking the opponeing edgThe toe, ball of the foot,
of the heel can be used
instep, bottom of the heel, and cutt emelye effe
to strike theopponent, Thekneeis extr ctive during infight-
ing. /
Your toe is recommended for striking only while wearing boots. You the bottom of your heel,
can use your toe,

the ball of your foot,

16
 ver a devastating secondary * Keep your elbows close to your body to protect your ribs.
You can also use the knee strie keortogrodeli
in.
attack to the opponents fac * Curl your fingers into a fist. Do not clench your fist. Clench-

per
ing contracts your forearm muscles and detracts from hand
speed and reaction time.
* Tuck your chin down to take advantage of the natural protec-
tion provided by your shoulders. inis
oY

The Basic Warrior Stance

It is difficult to develop effective close com bat skills without asolid
stance. A solid stance is criticalthe tofouallndapha ses of close combat. The
basic warrior stance provides tion for all movements and
fol-
techniques and must be mastered by all Marines. Perform the
lowing steps to attain the basic warrior stance.
«Place your feet shoulder-widyouth apart with the toe of your rearnt
foot. Feet should poi
foot in line with the heel of r front ck.
45 degrees from the direction of atta You must be able to assume the basic warrior stance instinctively
andmoveinall directions while maintaining the basic anro stance.
* Bend slightly at your knees. ing movement, your legs or fect should not be crossed, your
upper bodyshouldremain in thebasiewarrior sanc, and your knees
* Distribute your body weight evenly on both legs. bend deeper than normal. Movement is erected through your leg,
not bend your waist to aid in movement. If possible, use hand
* Bend your elbows to form 45 degree angles. med (feints, strikes) to conceal the movement of your legs
* Hold your arms high enough to protect your face. Arms should
not block your vision.

18 18
 Changing Directions
Forward Movement

tely
imatel 12-15 inches. Sometimes you must change direction in order to face the oppo-
i kly slii de your lead foot forward approxima nent. To change direction, quickly turn your head to the new direc-
d foo t is in pla ce, qui ckl y mov e you r rear foot
ARA as Tu lea
r stance.
tion, push off with your lead leg, and quickly step in the new
forward to return to the basic warrio direction while pivoting on the ball of your rear foot. Upon com-
pletion of the movement, you should bein the basic warrior stance.
Note
It is important that your head turn quickly to the
new direction. The faster your head turns, the faster
your body can move and the quicker you attain vis-
ual contact with your opponent.

Rear Movement

To move to the rear, execut reverse. Quickly

e the forward movement 15in inc
r approximately 12- hest .toAsthesoo n
slide your rear foot to the reaqui ng your lead foo rear
as yourrear foot isin place, cklyncebri
to return to the basic warrior sta .

21
Breaking a Fall ‘Shoulder Roll
There maybetimes during anencounter in which you lose yourbody's bal-
ance or are thrown by the opponent to the ground. Your injury. Youcanuse the momentum of a fall to executeashoulder roll. Dur-
muscles can be used to protect vital organs and bones from ing a shoulder roll, the large muscle group of your upper back
By using the large muscle groups (back, thighs, buttocks) to cushion, absorbs the impact of the fall rather than your neck and spinal
the impact of a fall and to maintain motion after hitting the ground column. To execute theshoulder roll from the basic warrior stance—
you can avoid serious injury and immobilization.
* Tuck your chin and rear shoulder in.
‘Try to use the momentum of a fall to maintain motion. l is impor-
being
tant to remain in the basic warrior stance, even while falling or chest. * Keep your arms close to your sides.
thrown, and ensure that your head is tucked tightly into your
By maintaining your stance, using your large muscle groupsmotion as a * Roll forward.
cushion, and using the momentum of the fall to maintain
and reduce the force of the impact, you reduce your chances of seri- * Continue to roll until you are standing upright.
ous injury and increase your chances of survival.
Note
* Resume the basic warrior stance,
Do not throw your arm out to break your fall. This Practice the shoulder roll while unarmed and armed with a rifle.
may work well on a mat or in an area with no debris, The following pages illustrate an unarmed and armed shoulder roll.
but in a combat environment you will not know what
is on the ground. If you extend your arm and strike
something hard at the elbow, you can effectively take
yourself out of the fight.

23
Offensive Skills
Rear Hand Punch
During self-defense, the goal is to repel the oppo nent. During close
combat, the goal is to destroy the opponent while maintaining con- The rear hand punch is a powerful straight
to retaliate, ensures
trol. Control reduces the opponent’s opportunitsy you punch executed byyour back or rearhand. The’
that the opponent remains stationary, and allow to deliver accu- knuckles of your hand make contact with the
rate strikes. opponent. Thepunch's power cornes from your
nc- rear legandforceful rotation of your hips and
Striking techniques should be practiced until they become insti shoulders. Your center line (cyes, throat, groin)
tive and can be applied with speed and force. Striking techniques becomes exposed asyourhipsrotate toward the
form the basis for armed techniques such as knife and bayonet fight- target; therefore, a strike with the lead hand
ing. should precede this technique.
A perfectly executed strike may notbeenough to eliminate an oppo-
nent. To ensure that the opponent is destroyed, deliver strikes vio-
lently, swiftly, andrepeatedly. To reduce your chance. of injury, direct
hand strikes to a soft tissue area (cyes, throat, and groin).

Lead Hand Punch

The lead hand punch is a snapping straight

punch executed by your forward or lead hand.
The knuckles of your hand make contact with
the opponent. This technique conceals move-
ment and allows you to close with the oppo-
nent. Lead hand punches should strike soft
tissue areas if possible.

27
 Elbow Strike
Forearm Strike

especially The elbow strike is executed by your arm. The forearm side of your
Theforearm strikeiseffective against a variety of targets — The inside elbow or the tip of your elbow makes contact with the opponent.
theelbow. Theforearm strike isexecuted byyour arm. opponent. To The strike's power comes from the forceful rotation and drive of
or outside of your forearm makes contact with theimmobi lize the your hips and shoulders. The elbow strike can be thrown by either
be successful, your nonstriking arm must trap and arm in a striking or jabbing motion. The rear arm is preferred
opponent's joint. because it allows the lead arm to immobilize the opponent.
the
1f delivered from close to your torso, the forearm strike carries you
weight and power of your entire upper body. This is critical if
are physically weak or exhausted.

tS
the

ient
Knifehand Strike Knee Suis
The knifehand strike resembles thechopping motion of a knife. The The kneestrike is effective during infighting. The knee strike is exe-
knifehand strike is executed by your rear hand. The outside edge cuted byyourleg(either horizontally or vertically). The top of your
of your hand between the joint of the small finger and the wrist knee makes contact with the opponent. The strike’s power comes
makes contact with the opponent. The main purpose of this strike from forcefully lifting your thighs and pivoting the hips.
is to destroy the opponent. The preferred target area for a knife-
hand strike is the throat. To be successful, your nonstriking hand
must control the opponent.

To besuccessful, a control technique is used with the knee strike

to immobilize the opponent.

E
 E!
Lead Leg Side Kick. The lead leg side kick is executed by your
lead leg. The edge and bottom of your heel and sole of your boot
Kicks make contact with the opponent. Execute the lead leg side kick by
quickly raising your lead knee and snapping your leg while rotating
Kicks can stop an opponent's attack or create an opening in his yourhiptoward the target area (e.g., knee, ankle). After contact with
defenses. Kicks used in close combat must be simple and easily exe- the target area, quickly return your leg to the basic warrior stance.
cuted under combat conditions (e.g., combat gear, fatigue, dark- The side kick allows your hips to remain closed and protects your
ness). Kicks delivered above the waist expose your groin and decrease groin.
balance. Kicks delivered to the opponent's waist or below his waist
should immobilize the opponent —notmerely drive him away.
Lead Leg Front Kick. The lead leg front kick is executed by your
lead leg. The toe of your boot or the ball of your foot make contact
with the opponent. Execute the lead leg front kick by quickly rais-
ing your lead knee and snapping your leg toward the target area (c.g.
groin, knee), After contact with the target area, quickly return your
leg to the basic warrior stance. The speed of this kick reduces your
chances of injury and reduces possible counterattacks by the oppo-
nent,
Rear Leg Front Kick. The rear leg front kick resemble
s the punt- Heel Stomp. The heel stomp isanexcellent finishing technique.
ing ofafootball. The rear Jeg front kick is powerful and
can cause If exccuted correctly, the heel stomp can damage anypartofthe
by swinging opponent's anatomy it strikes. The heel stomp is executed by quickly
extensive damage. The rear leg front kick is executed act with the swinging your rear leg at least waist high over the target and driv-
your entire leg upward, Your instep and toe make cont ing the cutting edge of your boot heel straight down into the target
opponent. The kick's power comesor from your hips and thighs. The area with as much speed and force as possible. The cutting edge of
target area is the opponent's face throat. Do not deliver the rear your boot heel makes contact with the opponent. The higher your
opponent must
leg front kick above your waist. To be effective, the tion
be controlled and immobilized. Use joint manipula
to control leg is raised, the greater the velocity and force. The target areas are
the opponent and to bring his head below his waist.
the skull and neck.
Leg Sweep
The leg sweep is used to take down an opponent. Before attempt-
ing a takedown, the opponent's injuries should prevent retaliation
in order to ensure that the opponent goes to the ground. To execute
the leg sweep, maintain balance while swiftly—
Rais ng yourrearlegashighaspossibletotherearoftheoppo-
nent.

* Driving your rear leg downward forcefully.

Striking the opponent's achilles tendon.
Completing the momentum begun by your leg.
The cutting edge of your boot heel makes contact with the oppo-
nent. To be successful, maintain control of the opponent through-
out all phases of thetakedown. Takedowns executed without control
of the opponent risks completing the destruction of the opponent.

37
 To execute a choke from the back—
Chokes

The choke closes the airway and causes death by asphyxiation or

cutting off the blood flow to the brain. Choking is not asbeeffecti ve
a finishing technique as striking. However, you should able to
execute a choke swiftly and forcefully, While executing the choke,e
your vital areas are vulnerable to counterattacks. You must damag
the opponent's windpipe before he can counterattack. For maxi-
mum leverage and to prevent counterattacks, press your arms and
body against the opponent's body while executing a choke. To exe-
cute a choke from the front—
Defensive Skills
The goal of defensive skills is not only to defend against an attack,
but to put yourself in position to counterattack. Defensive move-
ments should not break the balance of the basic warrior stance.

While defending against an incoming attack, the defending arm (lead

arm) moves out of position only enough to engage the attack. The
nondefending arm (rear arm) maintains its position. Because the
lead hand is closest to the opponent, it assumes most of the defen-
sive duties. The rear hand backs up the lead hand and blocks
incoming attacks to the right side of the head and torso.

{tis best toblock or parry on an angle so you do not directly oppose

the full force of an attack. Blocking or parrying lessens the force
of impact, allows better opportunity for a counterattack, and pro-
tects the defensive zone. To ensure success, blocking moves are exe-
cuted with as much speed and force as possible. The defensive zone
is the area an attack must enter to cause damage. Occasionally, a
Tighter breaks the basic warrior stance and reacts to an attack deliv-
ered from outside the defensive zone. By doing this, the fighter is
unable to engage the opponent and has exposed himself to a sec-
ondary attack. Do not defend against attacks that are delivered out-
side the defensive zone.
 * Snap your forearm down the front of your body to engage the
Blocking attack.

* Apply tension to your elbow and shoulder.

High Block. The high block defends against overhead attacks.
To execute the high block— The opponent should strike the outside of your forearm.
* Close your hand to prevent finger injuries.
* Snap your forearm up.
* Clear your head enough to engage the attack—do not over-

|
extend.
Bend your elbow.

Apply tension to both your elbow and shoulder.

The opponent should strike the outside of your forearm.

Outside Block. The outside block defends against attacks directed

at your upper body from the outside and straight-in attacks directed
at your upper body. To execute the outside block—
* Close your hand to protect your fingers.

* Snap your blocking arm to the outside of your body.

* Engage the attack.
* Ensure that the attack does not drive your defending arm into
your body or head.
Low Block. The low block defends against attacks to your mid- * Apply tension to your elbow and shoulder.
section and groin. To execute the low block—
* Close your hand to protect your fingers.

40 4
‘The opponent should strike the outside of your forearm. * Apply tension to your elbow and shoulder.

The opponent should strike the inside of your forearm.

Leg Block. The leg block defends against low-line kicks to your
groin and the joints of your lead leg. By countering an opponent’s
low-line kick with a leg block, your defensive posture is not com-
promised. To execute the leg block, raise the knee of your lead leg.
The opponent should strike your lead leg.

Inside Block. Theinside block defends against straight-in attacks

directed at your upper body. To execute the inside block —
* Close your hand to protect your fingers.
* Snap your forearm toward the inside of your body.

Née
 Defensive Prone Position
THE LINE SYSTEM
The defensive prone position defends against attacks while you are The LINE system is the heart of the Marine-Corps' close combat
on the ground and unable to regain the basic warrior stance. To training system. The LINE system teaches Marines specilic move-
assume the defensive prone position— ments and techniques. These movements and techniques identity —
* Position your body on its side. * Application of movements and techniques during close com-
* Tuck your rear leg under your body for stability. bat situations.

* Place your rear arm under your body with the palm of your * Response during the grappling stage.
hand on the ground. * Response during infighting.
* Move your rear arm to the right or left while pivoting on your
hip to move your body. * Damage to the opponent's anatomy that causes his central nerv-
‘ous system to override conscious thought in order to immo-
* Keep your lead arm in the basic warrior position. bilize and control the opponent.
* Position your hand and forearm to protect your head and neck * Elimination of the opponent once control is achieved.
area.
* Position your bicep/tricep area to protect the ribs.
Once the LINE system of movement and techniques has been mas-
tered, Marines should be able to apply these movements and tech-
* Lift and cock your lead leg to protect your groin and strike niques instinctively.
the opponent's ankle, shin, knee, and groin if necessary.
The basic LINE system is divided into six parts. Each part builds
Make every attempt to regain your footing and resume the basic war- upon and reinforces techniques learned previously.
tior stance.
* LINE 1 teaches the basic offensive, defensive, and takedown
techniques used in the grappling stage of close combat. LINE
I techniques are the basis for LINES 11-1V.
© LINE II teaches techniques used during the intermediate range
(punching and kicking) of close combat.

* LINE [lI teaches techniques used during unarmed defense

against a knife attack.
* LINE IV teaches techniques of fighting with a knife when
attacked by an opponent armed with a knife.
45
 t
* LINE Vteaches techniques used during removal of enemy per- To simulate a groin strike, grab the inside of the opponent's thigh.
sonnel.
* LINE VI teaches techniques used during unarmed defense
against a bayonet attack. LINE VI is discussed in depth on
pages 155 through 178.
Continuously practice the LINE system of techniques. The tech-
niques should become instinctive, conditioned actions. Effective
training requires that techniques be executed swiftly and violently.
Use alternate striking areas and slight modifications to safely allow
violent contact during training.
To simulate an eye gouge, grab the opponent's forehead just above
his eyes.

To absorb a kick to the head, quickly bring your free arm up in

front of your face. Apply tension to your arm and absorb the impact.
of the kick with your forearm. Practice this defensive movernent
as an instinctive action.

47
To simulate an elbow strike, bend your arm slightly. Apply tension
to absorb the simulated elbow strike. LINEI
Wristlocks and Counters Against Chokes and Headlocks.
LINE I teaches the basic techniques used in the grappling stage of
close combat. Control techniques alone do not cause death. If
applied with force, control techniques can cause damage to the
opponent's joints and allow you to gain and maintain control of
the opponent while reducing your chance of risk.

Wristlock

‘Thewristlock is a joint manipulation technique used to control the

opponent and cause permanent damage to the wrist. To execute the
wristlock —
Note
The photos illustrate the fighter defending a lapel
‘To simulate a heel stomp, your heel should hit the ground approx- grab.
imately 12 inches from the opponent’s head. The opponent should
hold his free arm in front of his head for added protection.

eS

7 * Reach over the opponents arm and quickly grasp the

opponents hand.
* Place your thumb in the middle of the back of the opponent's
hand.
 e Grasp the opponent's hand with your free hand, place your
thumbs together, and wrap your fingers around the opponent's
hand beneath his little finger to provide added leverage.

* aan oirfingers around the opponent's hand beneath his

umb,
* Turn the opponent's hand forcefully upward until the palm is
vertical to the ground.

* Push downward until the opponent is on the ground.

51
 * Use your knee to lock the opponent's fully extended elbow * Place your thumb in the middle of the back of the opponent's
whilemainta ining
pressure tothewristlock. Thismaintains
con- hand.
trol of the opponent.
* Wrap your fingers around the opponent's hand beneath his
little finger.

During close combat training, apply the wristlock with smooth, con- i * Turn theopponent’s hand forcefully to the inside with his palm
sistent pressure. During close combat, apply the wristlock with a vertical to the ground.
forceful snapping motion.

Reverse Wristlock

The reverse wristlock is a variation of the wristlock. Toexecute

the
reverse wristlock—
Note
The photos illustrate the fighter defending a lapel
grab.

* Reach over the opponent’s arms and quickly grasp the

opponent's hand.
* Grasp the opponent's hand with your free hand, place your * Use your knee to lock the opponent's fully extended elbow
thumbs together, and wrap your fingers around the opponent's while maintaining pressure to the wristlock. This maintains con-
hand beneath his little finger to provide added leverage. trol of the opponent.

* Apply pressure while driving the opponent's hand forcefully

toward his shoulder.
* Push downward until the opponent is on the ground.
Defense for a Front Choke

If the opponent attempts a choke from the front, forcefully deliver

forearm strikes to the opponent's right arm to damage the elbow,
To defend against a front choke—
* Strike the opponent's inside right wrist with your right fore-
arm while striking the outside of the opponent's right elbow
with your left forearm.
* Step back quickly with your right foot while maintaining pres-
sure to the damaged elbow.

* Grab the opponent's wrist with your right hand and drive your
left forearm into the injured elbow causing the opponent to
bend at the waist.
* Execute a rear leg front kick to the opponent's face. * Execute the leg sweep by striking the opponent's achilles ten-
don with the cutting edge of your heel and driving him to the
ground.

* Switch grips quickly by—

** Grabbing the opponent by the back of the neck with your

right hand.
Grabbing the opponent’s wrist with your left hand.

** Maintaining control and body contact with the opponent

while changing grips.
** Rotating your hips to face the rear of the opponent and
positioning yourself for the leg sweep.
Return your right hand to the basic warrior position as the * Execute theheelstomp swiftly and violently to the opponent’s
‘opponent falls. head as a finishing technique.
Keep your body erect while maintaining control of the
opponent's arm.

Defense for a Rear Choke

If the opponent attempts a choke from the rear, swiftly and force-
fully execute an open hand groin strike to loosen the choke. To defend
against a rear choke—
* Use the palm of your left hand to strike the opponent’s groin * Maintain a firm grip on theopponent's right wrist and violent-
and grip the opponent's right wrist with your right hand. pull hisarmto a fully extended and locked position in front
ly
of him.

* Deliver a powerful left forearm strike to the opponent's elbow

once the elbow is in a fully extended and locked position. This
* Grab, squeeze, and twist the opponent's groin violently and damages theelbow and drives the opponent's upper body down.
forcefully.
* Sidestep quickly to the right under the opponent's right arm
as the chokehold loosens.
* Maintain control of the opponent's arm and apply pressure
to his injured elbow.
* Execute a rear leg front kick to the opponents face.

* Execute a heel stomp swiftly and violently to the opponent's

headasfiniji.
afinishing tech
ection:
* Grab the opponent behind theneck, rotateyourhips, andexe-
cute a leg sweep taking the opponent to the ground.
 © Grab, squeeze, and twist the opponent's groin violently and
forcefully.
Defense for a Front Headlock
* Grab the opponent's right wrist with your left hand.
If the opponent attempts a front headlock, swiftly and forcefully * Step under the opponent's arm as the hold loosens.
deliver a right hand groin strike to loosen the hold. To defend against
a front headlock—

* Deliver a powerful right forearm strike to the opponent's

extended elbow. This damages the opponent’s elbow and drives
his upper body down.

er
* Maintain control of the opponent's arm and apply pressure * Execute a heel stomp swiftly and violently to the opponent's
to his injured elbow. head as a finishing technique.
* Execute a rear leg front kick to the opponent's face.

* Grab the opponent behind the neck, rotate your hips, and exe-
cute a leg sweep taking the opponent to the ground.
the opponent applies a headlock from the rear, swiftly and force-
ally gougetheopponent's eyes to loosen the hold. To defend against
rear beadlock—
Circle your arm that is closest to the opponent over his Note
Inserting your finger into the opponent's eye
shoulder.
causes the opponent to release your head in
Reach as far to the front of the opponent as possible to pre- order to remove your finger from his eye.
pare for an eye gouge.
* Force the opponent's head back to expose his throat.

Snap your arm forcefully back while gouging the opponent’s * Execute an open hand groin strike to bring the opponent's
eyes. hands down and expose his throat.
Force your middle finger into the opponent's furthest eye
socket,

ral
 Deliver a knifehand strike swiftly and violently to the
ing forward with the lead
opponent's throat as a finishing technique.

LINE I
Counters Against Punches and Kicks. LINE li teaches
Marines to defend against attacks within the intermediate range
(punching/kicking distances) of close combat and to destroy the
opponent during the grappling stage.

Defense for a Lead Hand Punch

1t the opponent attacks with a lead band punch, parry with your
rear hand to repel the attack. The key to this defense lies in your—
rapid response to the attack. Todefend against a lead hand punch

73
 shoulder while
* Hook your left arm over the opponent's rightoppone © Execute a knee strike to the face.
moving your right hand to the back of the nr's neck
to lock and contro! his right arm.

f
* Use both your arms to apply pressure and force the opponent's
head down. * Grab the opponent behind the neck, rotate your hips, and exe-
cute a leg sweep taking the opponent to the ground.

7
74
 * Execute a heel stomp swiftly and violently to the opponent's Execute an outside block with your lead hand.
head as a finishing technique.

a * Step in with your rear foot and execute a forearm strike to the
Defense for a Rear Hand Punch opponent's elbow with the inside of your rear forearm. This
Å damages the opponent's elbow.
If the opponent attacks with a rear hand punch, block with your
lead hand to repeltheattack. To defend against a rear hand punch—
* Execute an elbow strike to the opponent's ribs. * Rotate your hips and upper body and drive the opponent to
the ground. To provide leverage for this movement, grip the
opponent’s injured upper arm, pull on his injured arm, and
turn him over your hips and upper thigh.

* Wrap your forearm and bicep around the opponent's upper * Execute a heel stomp swiftly and violently to the opponent's
am. head as a finishing technique.

79
 * Move your lead hand through the. ‘opening while your rear hand
Defense for an Uppercut Punch moves to the back of the opponent's neck to control his upper
torso.
If the opponent attacks with an uppercut punch, use your lead hand
to block the attack. To defend against an uppercut punch—
* Execute a low block with your lead hand.

of your
‘© Strike the inside of the opponent's elbow with the palm opening
rear hand, not to cause damage but to create an
between his arm and torso.

81
œ Use both your arms to apply pressure and force the opponent's * Execute thehee!stomp swiftly andviolently to the opponent's
head down. head as a finishing technique
* Execute a knee strike to the opponent’s face.

Grab the opponent behind the neck, rotate your hips, and exe-
cute a leg sweep taking the opponent to the ground.
a Defense for a Front Kick

If the opponent attacks with a front kick, parry with your lead hand
to repel the attack. To defend against a front kick —
* Parry with the palm of your lead hand. * Force the head back exposing the opponent’s throat.

* Grab the back of the opponent's collar with your rear hand. i ^ 3
Execute peeks
* ishing ae strike 15 th opponents tira as'a flo:
* Execute a rear leg side kick to the opponent's knee taking him
to his knees.

* Execute an eye gouge with your lead hand.

a 85
 * Step in with your rear leg.
LINE Iit Execute a forearm strike with your rear arm to damage the
opponent’s elbow and neutralize the knife.
Unarmed Defense Against a Knife. An of oppone nt armed
unarmed defense
with a knife is a deadly adversary. The first step
against a knifeisto neutralize the knife. The techniques used to neu-
perma-
tralize a knife are swiftly and violently executed andknifecauseis neutral
nent damage to the opponent’s arm. Once the -
ized, the opponent is destroyed using the techniques in LINE | and
LINE LL. You should expect to be cut during unarmed defense against
a knife, There are five basic ways to attack with a knife: overhead
and uppercut.
attack, straight thrust, outside slash, inside slash,follow
‘These basic attacks can be varied or combined. The ing defen-
sive techniques enable you to counter any type of knife attack.

Defense for an Overhead Attack

An opponent's overhead knife attack is a slashing or stabbing tech-

nique executed with an overhand motion toward the target. To defend
against an overhead attack—
* Execute a high block with your lead hand.

87
* Execute an elbow strike to the opponent's ribs. * Rotate your hips and upper body forcefully while pulling the
opponent over your hip and upper thigh.
Note
An elbow strike to the ribs does not cause damage.
It ensures that your arm is securely hooked around
the opponent's upper arm.

* Drive the opponent to the ground.

* Hook the opponent's upper arm with your forearm and bicep
for leverage.
 * Step in with your rear leg.
© Execute a heel stomp swiftly and violently to the opponent's
head as a finishing technique. * Execute a forearm strike with your rear forearm to damage

R4
the opponent’s elbow and neutralize the knife.

nse for
Defense
Dete Thuts ————
fora aStraight Thrus

The straight thrust is the most dangerous offensive knife attac—k and
is difficult to defend. To defend against a straight thrust
* Execute a low block with your lead hand to deflect the
‘opponent’s thrust to the outside of your body.

EAI
* Execute an elbow strike to the opponent's ribs. * Rotate your hips and upper body forcefully while pulling the
NS opponent over your hip and upper thigh.
ote
An elbow strike to the ribs does not cause dam-
age. It ensures that your arm is securely hooked
around the opponent’s upper arm.

* Drive the opponent to the ground.

* Hook the opponent’s upper arm with your forearm and bicep
for leverage.
 * Execute a heel stomp swiftly and violently to the opponent's * Step in with your rear I
head as a finishing technique. gos
* Execute a forearm strike with your rear arm to damage the
opponent’s elbow and neutralize the knife.

Defense for an Outside Slash

from the outside

‘An opponent's outside slash is an attack comind gagains v nep ir vid ol tha Spied injured ärm .
andis similar to a rearhand punch. To defen t an outside
slash
* Execute an outside block with your lead hand.

* Execute an elbow strike to the opponent's ribs.

95
 * Rotate your hips and upper body forcefully while pulling the
Note ‘opponent over your hip and upper thigh.
An elbow strike to the ribs does not cause dama ge.
It ensures that your arm is securely hooked around
the opponent’s upper arm.

* Drive the opponent to the ground.

and bicep
* Hook the opponent’s upper arm with your forearm
for leverage.

96 97
 * Grasp the opponent’s attacking wrist with your rear hand.

AXod
* Execute a heel stomp swiftly and violently to the opponent's
head as a finishing technique.
* Execute a forearm strike with your lead hand to damage the
opponent's elbow and neutralize the knife.

Defense for an Inside Slash

7 Ye Ini
An opponent's inside slash is a slashing movement that comes from
the inside and is similar to a backhand slap. Typically, the inside Apply pressure to the opponent's injured arm.
slash is combined with the outside slash. To defend against an inside * Force the opponent's head down.
p
slash—

* Step in quickly and execute an outside block with your rear P. acada a rear leg fecint Kick to the opponent's face,
hand.
* Grab the opponent behind the neck. * Execute a heel stomp swiftly and violently to the opponent's
head as a finishing technique.
* Rotate your hips and execute a leg sweep to take the opponent
to the ground.

Defense for an Uppercut

The defense for an uppercut knife attack is the same as the defense
for an uppercut punch (see page 80). The added length of the blade
must be taken into account while blocking the attack. Typically, the
uppercut is delivered closer than other knife attacks, so the defen-
sive response must be quicker. To defend against an uppercut—

* Execute a low block with your lead hand.

* Step inside to the opponent’s right. * Move your lead hand through the opening while your rear hand
moves to the back of the opponent's neck to control the
opponent's upper torso.

your
* Strike the inside of the opponent's elbow with the palm of * Use both of your arms to apply pressure and force the
rear hand, Strike hard enough to create an opening between opponent's head down.
the opponent's arm and torso.

102 103
* Execute a knee strike to the opponent's face. * Rotate your hips and execute a leg sweep to take the opponent
to the ground.

* Grab the opponent behind the neck.

w 105
 * Execute the heel stomp swiftly and violently to the opponent's
head as a finishing technique. Hammer Grip
The hammer grip is the most commonly used grip among nonskilled
fighters. An advantage of this grip is the extended reach provided
by the blade. A disadvantage of this grip is that the angle of the
blade to the wrist does not afford maximum power for slashing.
Another disadvantage is that it is hard to maintain if striking a hard
object. To obtain the hammer grip—
* Grasp the handle of the knife. The
blade points upward.

* Place thumb vertically below the base

of the knife.
LINE IV
Knife Fighting. A knife is an extension of the person. The same Icepick Grip
movements and techniques used in unarmed combat also apply to
knife fighting. LINE IV techniques are designed to cause massive
damage to the throat/neck area and quickly eliminate the oppo- The icepick grip is the preferred grip for most close combat situ-
nent. During knife fighting, you must eliminate the opponent in the ations described in this manual. The icepick grip provides a strong
most ruthless and violent manner possible. For example, if prop- stip, enables you to deliver powerful attacks, conceals the blade,
erly executed, the initial rear hand slash severs the carotid artery and is difficult to defend. To obtain the icepick grip—
and jugular vein and causes massive trauma to the trachea. The blade
js retracted through the wounded area to increase the damage. The * Grasp the handle of the knife. The — 7/777.
blade is then thrusted downward into the upper chest cavity through blade points downward. M
the opening caused by the first slash. This causes further damage
to the trachea and punctures the lungs and aorta. The knife is * Ensure the cutting edge is forward.
plunged repeatedly into the opponent until he is destroyed.

106 107
 * Execute a high block with the lead hand.
Stance

The stance for knife fighting is the basic warrior stance. Your rear
hand holds the knife. Your lead hand blocks and parrys while your
rear hand delivers the decisive attack with the blade.

* Exeoute arear hand slash (same motion asarearhandpunch,

see p. 76) to the opponent's throat.

Defense for an Overhead Attack

To defend against an overhead attack— c=

* Drive the blade through the opponent's throat/neck area.

|
/
&
108 108
* Withdraw the blade through the opponent's wound to cause
additional trauma to the damaged area. Defense for a Straight Thrust

To defend against a straight thrust—

* Deliver a downward thrust into the opponent's upper chest

cavity through the first wound as a finishing technique.

110 ul
* Executearear hand slash(same motion as a rear hand punch, * Cock your arm back as the blade clears the opponent's body.
see p. 76) to the opponent's throat.

* Deliver a downward thrust into the opponent’s upper chest

cavity through the first wound as a finishing technique.

more trauma.

112 113
 © Execut rearhand
ea slash(same motionasa rearhand punch,
Defense for an Outside Slash see p. 76) to the opponent's throat.
‘To defend against an outside slash—

114 P
* Withdraw the blade through the opponent’s wound to cause
additional trauma. Defense for an Inside Slash

‘To defend against an inside slash—

* Deliver a downward thrust into the opponent's upper chest

cavity through the first wound as a finishing technique.

116 117
 * Cock yourarm back as the blade clears the opponent's body.
* Execute a rearhand slash(same motionasa rear band punch,
see p. 76) to the opponent's throat.

* Deliver a downward thrust into the opponent's upper chest

cavity and reenter the first wound as a finishing technique.

LINEV

" Ps Removal of Enemy Personnel. LINE V consists of a series of

Widen
thebide through ie oppone OO four techniques, two armed and two unarmed, designed to remove
ee k enemy personnel as quickly and quietly as possible. Although LINE
V describes the basic techniques used to remove enemy personnel, silent
removal of personnel should be conducted by specially-trained indi-
viduals.

118 119
 * Execute an eye gouge with your lead hand while forcing the
Unarmed Removal from the Rear
opponent's head back to expose his throat.

To execute unarmed removal from the rear —

Stalk the opponent from the rear.
Remain slightly to the right of the opponent.
Keep your body below the opponent's line of sight.
Modify the basic warrior stance by crouching.

Remain alert to the opponent’s movements.

120 121
* Deliver several knifehand strikes to the opponent's throat with
your rear hand. Unarmed Removal from the Prone

To execute unarmed removal from the prone—

* Assume theproneposition and face the approaching opponent.

* Push upward with your left arm and right knee as the oppo-
nent approaches.
* Execute an open hand groin strike with your right hand.

* Pull the opponent to the ground.

* Continue to deliver knifehand strikes to the opponent's throat
until he is dead. |
«Use your upper body to cover the opponent's upper body and
head. This prevents any postmortem movement and reduces
the sound of expelling air.

122
+ Place your left hand on top of the opponent's head and your * Execute knifehand strikes to the opponent's throat with your
right hand under his chin. right hand as a finishing technique.
* Use a violent snapping motion to pull the opponent’s chin
toward you while pushing the back of his head away.

* Use your upper body to cover the opponent's upper body and
head. This prevents any postmortem movernent and reduces
the sound of expelling air.

* ‘Take the opponent to the ground.

* Execute an eye gouge with your left hand while forcing the
opponent’s head back.

Armed Removal from the Rear

To execute armed removal from the rear—

* Stalk the opponent from the rear.

124 125
* — Keep your body below the opponents line of sight. * Plunge the blade into the left side of the opponent’s throat.
* — Remain alert to the opponents movements.
* Hold the knife in an icepick grip with the cutting edge facing
the forearm.

* Snap the opponent's head violently to the left.

* Rip the blade across the opponent's throat to the right.

* — Execute an eye gouge with your lead hand.

* — Gouge the opponent's right eye socket and snap his head back
to expose the throat.

128 127
* Execute the finishing technique by raising the blade over the
opponent's head and thrusting it into his upper chest cavity Armed Removal from the Prone
through the wound caused by the throat cut. This will punc-
ture the opponent’s lungs and aorta.
‘To execute armed removal from the prone— ,
* Assume the prone position and face theapproaching opponent.
* Hold the knife in your rear hand using the hammer grip. The
cutting edge is up and toward the thumb.

* Follow the opponent to the ground.

* Use your upper body to cover the opponent's upper body and
head. This prevents postmortem movement and reduces the
sound of expelling air.
* Push upward with your lead arm and right knee as the oppo-
nent approaches.

128 129
* Thrust the blade into the opponent's groin area between the * Thrust the blade into the far side of the opponent's throat.
groin and anus.

* Push the opponent's head away while pulling the blade

through his throat.

* Bipiteblade toward the opponent’s groin as he bends at the

waist.
* Grab the back of the opponent's head with your lead hand.

* Use your upper body to cover the opponent’s upper body

and head. This prevents postmortem movement and reduces
the sound of expelling air.

131 {reverse blank)

 BAYONET FIGHTING
The bayonet stillhasa placeinthemodern battle's arsenal of wea-
pons. Training witha bayonet instills confidence inanindividual.
This confidence allows anindividual toclose withanddestroy the
enemy under a variety of conditions. Through proper training,
Marines develop thecourage andconfidence required toeffecti
use a bayonet toprotect themselves and destroy the enemy. Insit-
uations where friendly andenemy troops areclosely mingled and
riflefireandgrenades areimpractical, thebayonet becomes theweap-
on ofchoice.
‘Tobesuccessful with thebayonet, youmust beaggressive, ruthless,
savage, andvicious. Youmust follow each vicious attack with another
vicious attack, remembering thatif youdonotkillyour opponent,
your opponent will kill you. Hesitation, delay, and excessive maneu-
vering canresultinyour death. Your primary aimistosink your
blade into a vital area of theenemy (thethroat is thebest target).
Strikes with therifle butt orslashes from the blade can cause the
enemy to waiver inhis protective posture. Once the enemy waivers,
390cncaethebiadatoMacka viaaraa;Rucnensbar, tho rifle
‘and bayonet provide youwith a good shield, anda waytoblock
and parry attacks bytheenemy. Tobesuccessful, youshould strike
thefirst blow and follow up with the kill. The best defense
isnot.
to allow the opponent totake the offense.

The Guard Position

The guard position is anarmed version ofthebasic warrior stance.
Allmovements originate from
the guard position. Hold thewea-
pon in approximately the same position asport arms except that
the slingand bayonet's cutting edge facetheenemy and the wea-
pon is held further away from the body inorder toabsorb the shock
of an attack.

133
 * Hold the upper body erect.
‘Training and practice are the only ways to attain proper form, accu-
racy, agility, and speed between the rifle and feet. Practice and train-
ing increases coordination, balance, speed, and endurance. Moves
are practiced until they become instinctive.

Perform the following steps to attain the guard position:

© Grasp the handguard under the upper sling swivel with your
lead hand.
* Grasp (approximately 2 inches from the charging handle) the
small of the stock with your rear hand. This helps prevent finger
injuries when striking.
* Hold the rifle away from your body approximately 10-15 inches.
The butt is in front of your right hip. The muzzle bisects the
angle formed between your head and left shoulder.
* Bend and relax your arms for rapid movement.
* Place your feet shoulder-width apart with the toe of your right
foot in line with the heel of your left foot.
You must beable to assume the guard position instinctively and move
* Bend the knees slightly to evenly distribute your body's weight in all directions while maintaining the guard position. During move-
on both legs. ment, your legs and feet should not be crossed and your upper body
should remain in the guard position.

134 135
Forward Movement (Advance) Right/Left Movement (Side Step)

Slide forward approximately 12-15 inches with the lead foot. As soon Slide to the side approximately 12-15 inches with your foot. As soon
as your lead foot is in place, quickly move your rear foot forward as your foot is in place, quickly follow with your other foot to return
to the guard position. The side step is best used in combination with
to return to the guard position. a parry or offensive strike.

Turning Movement (Whirl)

Sometimes you must change direction in order to face the oppo-

nent. By using the whirl, you can turn to either the right, left, or
rear. To execute the whirl, quickly pick up your foot opposite from

137
the direction desired and pivot in the desired direction on the ball
‘of your other foot. As soon as you face the desired direction, return The Slash
to the guard position.
The slash is created by a quick, slicing motion of the bayonet and
relies on speed rather than force. It is not a chopping motion. The
main target area of the slash is the opponent’s neck. You can use
theslashto kill the opponent or to create an opening in his defense.
To execute the slash—

Note
The slash can be executed in conjunction with the
advance, side step, or whirl.
* Extend your lead hand forward while pulling the rifle stock
under your rear arm with your rear hand.
* Retract the bayonet by reversing the movement.
* Return to the guard position or follow up with another attack.

Offensive Skills

There are five basic attacks used in bayonet fighting: the slash, the
straight thrust, the horizontal butt stroke, the vertical butt stroke,
and the smash. These attacks can be used and should be practiced
in combination with each other and in conjunction with individual
offensive and defensive movements. To ensure success, attacks are
swiftly and relentlessly delivered to the opponent's target areas until
he is destroyed.

138 139
The Straight Thrust

The straight thrust isthe most difficult technique todefend. If deliv-

opponent. Since
ered correctly, it can effectively disable and kill the unprot
the opponent's throat, groin, and face are typically ected, they
are your best targets. The opponent’s chest and stomach are also
excellent targets, but they may be protected by body armor or com-
bat equipment. To execute the straight thrust —

Note
‘The straight thrust can be executed in conjunction
with the advance, side step, or whirl.

* Rotate your upper body so your lead shoulder rotates forward.

* Lower the rifle until the bayonet is parallel to the ground and
pointing at your opponent.
«Use yourarms,shoulders, and hips to generate power and speed
while thrusting the bayonet forward and into your target.
Rotate the rifle to twist the blade in the wound and drive the
bayonet deeper into the opponent until he collapses.
* Retract the bayonet by returning your arms to the guard posi-
tion.

ut
 * Return to the guard position or follow up with another attack.
The Horizontal Butt Stroke

You can use the horizontal butt stroke to weaken enemy defenses,
injure theenemy, or set the enemy up for the killing blow. The main
targets of the horizontal butt stroke are the opponent’s head and
neck. The horizontal butt stroke is an excellent technique when used
in conjunction with the stash or the straight thrust. If the opponent
deflects a slash or straight thrust, the momentum of the attack sets
up the horizontal butt stroke. To execute the horizontal butt stroke—
Note
The horizontal butt stroke can be executed in con-
junction with the advance, step, or whirl.

* Swing the rifle forward horizontally with your rear hand while
pulling the rifle over your left shoulder with your lead hand
and rotating your shoulder and hip. This generates power and
speed.
Note
Do not step forward. The Vertical Butt Stroke

* Strike the opponent with the toe of the stock. You can usethevertical butt stroke to weaken enemy defenses, injure
the enemy, or set the enemy up for the killing blow. The main tar-
* Retract the rifle immediately. get areas of the vertical butt stroke are the opponent's groin and
face. The vertical butt stroke is an excellent technique when used
in conjunction with the slash. To execute the vertical butt stroke —

The vertical butt stroke can be executed in conjunc-

tion with the advance, step, or whirl.

143
 * Push the rifle forward and upward with your rear hand while for the smash. The main target area of the smash is the head. To
pulling the rifle over your left shoulder with your lead hand execute the smash—
and rotating your shoulder and hip. This generates power and
speed. * Draw the rifle back over your left shoulder.
Note * Drive the rifle butt into the opponent’s face.
Do not step forward.
* Return to the guard position or follow up with another attack.
© Strike the opponent with the toe of the stock.
© Retract the rifle immediately.
* Return to the guard position or follow up with another attack.

Defensive Skills.

Defensive movements with the bayonet protect you and allow you
The Smash to regain the initiative. There are four basic defensive moves: high
block, low block, left parry, and right parry.
The smash is a follow-up technique to the horizontal or vertical butt
stroke. After delivery of the horizontal or vertical butt stroke, the
rifle is cocked with the butt pointing toward the opponent, ready

144 145
Blocking is effective against the slash and vertical butt stroke. Par- After you block the opponent's attack, you can counterattack with
rying is effective against the straight thrust, smash, or horizontal theslashand horizontal butt stroke to regain the initiative and destroy
butt stroke. the opponent.

Defensive moves are executed with as much speed and force as pos-
sible, While executing a defensive move, do not overextend. Over- Low Block
extending creates openings for the opponent. Only extend enough
to neutralize the attack. Practice defensive moves from a stationary The low block counters low attacks (e.g., vertical butt stroke). To
guard position and while moving. execute the low block —

High Block * Snap the rifle downward forcefully. The rifle is parallel to the
ground and below your waist.
The high block counters overhead or high attacks (e.g., the slash). * Extend your arms down and out at approximately a 30 to 45
To execute the high block— degree angle to your body. Your upper body is erect,
* Snap the rifle upward forcefully. The rifle is parallel to the * Apply tension to your elbows and shoulders. Do not lock your
round and clears the top of your head, elbows.
* Extend your arms up and out at approximately a 45-degree
angle to your body. Your upper body is erect.
* Apply tension to your elbows and shoulders. Do not lock your
elbows.

After you block the opponent’s attack, you can counterattack with
the slash and horizontal butt stroke to regain the initiative and destroy
the opponent.

147
 After you deflect the opponent's attack, you can counterattack with
the slash and the horizontal or vertical butt stroke to regain the
Left Parry tiative and destroy the opponent.
‘The left parry defends against incoming attacks (c.g., straight thrust,
horizontal butt stroke, smash) from the left of the weapon. To exe- Right Parry
cute the left parry—
The right parry defends against incoming attacks (eg, straight thrust,
* Snap the rifle forward and to your left forcefully while rotat- horizontal butt stroke, and smash) coming from the right of the wea-
ing your shoulders and hips to generate speed and power. The pon. To execute the right parry—
rifle is perpendicular to the ground and clears the left side of
your body. Your upper body is erect. © Snap the rifle forward and to your right forcefully while rotat-
ing your shoulders and hips to generate speed and power. The
* Extend your rear arm without locking your elbows. rifle is perpendicular to the ground and clears the right side
of your body. Your upper body is erect.
* Cock your lead arm for a counterattack.
* Extend your lead arm without locking your elbows.
* Bend your rear arm slightly for a counterattack,

After you deflect the opponent's attack, you can counterattack with
the straight thrust and the horizontal or vertical butt stroke to regain
the initiative and destroy the opponent.

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Combin: in Movements Group Strategy
Bayonet movements can be combined in order to maintain the ini- On occasion, you may engage an opponent asa member ofagroup,
tative and destroy the opponent. These movements are not mem- or you may engage numerous opponents by yourself or as a mem-
orized but practiced until they become instinctive. The key to a berof a group. By combining bayonet fighting movements and sim-
successful combination is the aggressiveness of the bayonet fighter. ple strategies, you can effectively overcome your opponent or
The following combinations are examples of effectively transition- opponents.
ing from one movernent to another in order to destroy the opponent. Offensive Strategy
Combination 1 Combination 4
Guard Position Two Against One. If two bayonet fighters engage one opponent,
Guard Position the fighters advance together.
Slash Low Block a Vertical Butt Stroke
Vertical or Horizontal Butt Stroke Straight Thrust or Slash
Slash Horizontal or Vertical Butt Stroke
Straight Thrust
Recover to Guard Position
Smash
Slash
Straight Thrust
© ©
Combination 2 Recover to Guard Position es a
Guard Position
Straight Thrust Combinations 5
Vertical Butt Stroke Guard Position
Smash Left Parry a Straight Thrust
Slash Slash
Straight Thrust Vertical or Horizontal Butt Stroke
Recover to Guard Position Smash
Slash Fighter 1 engages the opponent while fighter 2 swiftly and aggres-
Combination 3 Straight Thrust sively attacks the opponent's exposed flank and destroys him.
Guard Position Recover to Guard Position
High Block a Slash Attack
Slash Condition &
Vertical or Horizontal Butt Stroke Guard Position
Smash Right Parry a Straight Thrust
Slash Straight Thrust.
Straight Thrust Vertical or Horizontal Butt Stroke.
Recover to Guard Position Smash
Slash
Straight Thrust
Recover to Guard Position.

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Three Against Two. 1f three bayonet fighters engage two oppo- Using the first opponent’s body as ashield against the second oppo-
nents, the fighters advance together keeping their opponents to the nent, the fighter destroys the first opponent quickly before the second
inside. opponent can move to assist.

90629
e 6 C2

Then, the fighter engages and destroys the second opponent.

Fighters 1 and 3 engage the opponents. Fighter 2 attacks the exposed
flank of the opponent engaged by fighter 1 and destroys him. Fight- Two Against Three. If two fighters are attacked by three oppo-
ers 1 and 2 turn and attack the exposed flank of the opponent nents, the fighters immediately move to the opponent's outboard
engaged by fighter 3 and destroy him.

© ©

Defensive Strategy
One Against Two. If a fighter is attacked by two opponents, he
immediately positions himself at the flank of the nearest opponent
and keeps that opponent between himself and the other opponent.

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Fighters 1 and 2 quickly attack and destroy their opponents before
the third opponent can close in. LINE VI
Unarmed Defense Against Bayonet Attacks. An opponent
armed with a bayonet is a deadly adversary. The first step of unarmed
defense against a bayonet attack is to neutralize the bayonet. The
most effective way to neutralize the bayonet is to damage the
opponent's arms. If confronted with the slash or the straight thrust,
you neutralize the opponent's lead arm. If confronted with the smash
or horizontal or vertical butt strokes, you neutralize the opponent's
rear hand. Once the bayonet is neutralized, you destroy the oppo-
nent using the techniques in LINE 1, LINE II, and LINE Ill.
"e. Counter to the Slash

Fighter 1 engages the third opponent while fighter 2 attacks the To counter the slash, assume the basic warrior stance. As the oppo-
opponent's exposed flank and destroys him. nent attacks with the slash—
* Step in quickly to execute a lead hand parry to the opponent's

De®
lead arm.

155
Push the opponent's arm away and down to the left of your * Grab the opponent’s lead wrist with your lead hand.
* Execute arear forearm strike to the opponent's elbow to dam-
age and neutralize the arm.

* Apply pressure to the opponent's arm with your forearm to

force his head down for the kick to the face.

157
* Execute a rear leg front kick to the opponent's face. * Rotate your hips and execute a leg sweep to take the opponent
to the ground.

* Grab the opponent behind the neck with your lead hand.

* Grip the opponent's injured arm with your rear hand.

158 159
 » Execute theheel stomp swiftly andviolently asa finishing tech- * Execute a lead hand parry to the opponent's lead arm. This
nique. forces the weapon to pass by your left side.

* Grab the opponent’s lead wrist with your lead hand.

Counter to the Straight Thrust

‘To counter the straight thrust assume the basic warrior stance. As
the opponent attacks with a straight thrust—
* Step to your right quickly.

161
* arear forearm strike to the opponent's elbow to dam-
Execute * Execute a rear leg front kick to the opponent's face.
age and neutralize his arm.

* Apply pressure to the opponent's arm with your forearm to * Grab the opponent behind the neck with your lead hand.
force his head down for the kick to the face.
* Grip the opponent’s injured arm with your rear hand.

162 163
* Rotate your hips and execute a leg sweep to take the opponent * Execute the heel stomp swiftly and violently as afinishing tech-
to the ground. nique.

Counter to the Horizontal Butt Stroke

7o counter the horizontal butt stroke, assume the basic warrior

stance. As the opponent attacks with a horizontal butt stroke—

* Step in and to your left quickly.

* Execute a rear hand parry to the opponent's rear arm.

165
* Push the opponent’s arm away and down to the right of your * Execute alead forearm strike to the opponent's elbow to dam-
body. age and neutralize the arm.

* Grab the opponent’s rear wrist with your rear hand. * Apply pressure to the opponent's arm with your lead forearm
to force his head down for the kick to the face.

je 167
* Execute a rear leg front kick to the opponent's face. your hipsand execute a leg sweep to take the opponent
* Rotate
to the ground.

* Grab the opponent behind the neck with your rear hand.
* Grip the opponent’s injured arm with your lead hand.
 * Execute the heel stomp swiftly and violentlyasa finishing tech- * Push the opponent’s arm away and to your right.
nique.

* Deliver a palm strike to theinside of the opponent's rear elbow

with your rearhand. This creates a gap between the opponent's
torso and rear arm.
Counter to the Vertical Butt Stroke

‘To counter the vertical butt stroke, assume the basic warrior stance.
As the opponent attacks with a vertical butt stroke—
* Execute a lead hand parry to the opponent's rear arm.

* Move your lead hand under the opponent's rear arm to the
back of his neck.

170 11
* Release the opponent's arm and rapidly move your rear hand * Grab the opponent behind the neck with your rear hand.
his neck. This
over the opponent's rear shoulder to the back of
controls the opponent's rear arm. * Grip the opponent's wrist with your lead hand.
* Rotate your hip and execute a leg sweep to take the opponent
to the ground.

* Apply pressure to the opponent’s locked rear arm and neck

to force his head down.
* Execute a knee strike to the face.

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 * Execute theheelstomp swiftly and violently as a finishing tech- * Pull the opponent's arm away and down to the right side of
nique. your body.

* Grab the opponent's rear wrist with your rear hand.

Counter to the Smash * Execute a lead forearm strike to the opponent’s elbow to dam-
——————— age and neutralize the arm.
‘To counter the smash, assume the basic warrior stance. As the oppo-
nent attacks with the smash—
* Step to the left quickly.
* Execute a rear hand parry to the opponent's rear arm.

174
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* Apply pressure to the opponent's arm with your forearm to * Grab the opponent behind the neck with your rear hand.
force his head down for the kick to the face.
* Grip the opponent's injured arm with your lead hand.
* Rotate your hips and execute a leg sweep to take the opponent
to the ground.

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* Executetheheelstomp swiftly andviolently asa finishing tech-
nique. WEAPONS OF OPPORTUNITY
Hand Weapons.

A hand weapon isanything thatcan beheld inyour hand and used

to damage ordestroy the opponent. A battlefield can contain a
variety ofobjects thatyoucanpickupanduseasa weapon. Your
resourcefulness and imagination areyour only limitations. This
chapter provides examples of howtousea hand weapon if yourpri-
mary weapon (Le., firearm, knife, bayonet)
isnot available.

Entrenching Tool. The entrenching

tool (E-tool) isanexcellent
weapon, especially when sharpened. TheE-toolcanbeused toblock
and strike the opponent. You can use itssharp edges to slash the
neck/throat area.
You can useitspoint to deliver a straight thrust into the opponent's Helmet. You can use a helmet to strike the opponent’s unpro-
face/throat, lected area. The preferred target area is the opponent's head/face.

Tent Poles and Pins. You can use tent poles and pins to strike
Once the opponent has been forced to the ground, you can use the any of the target areas identified in knife fighting. The preferred
E-tool to crush the his skull or throat. target area is the throat and groin.
Note
Any sharp, hard object (e.g., broken tree limbs, sticks,
iron rods, pipes) can be used in the same manner as
tent poles and pins.

180
181
 rmed
You can use tent poles and pins to block and parry armed or una
attacks.

Web Belt, Stretch the web belt between your hands to block
the attack is blocked, you can follow up with gar-
attacks. Once es. ALI CE Pack . You can use the ALICE pack to block or deflect
roting techniqu attacks.
hareei This allows you time
i to regainT the initiative
initiati and destroy the

182
 * Crouch in a modified basic warrior stance.
* Extend your arms and drop the line over the opponent's head.

Tent Guide Line, Boot Lace, Communication Wire. Any type

of line (e.g., guide line, boot lace, communication wire, barbed wire,
etc.) can be used to garrote an opponent. The line is either wrapped
LRR
around an object (e.g. tent pin or tent pole broken in half) for lever-
age or wrapped around your hands to establish a firm grip. The line
is then stretched between your hands.

If attacking from the rear—

* Stalk the opponent from the rear.
* Keep your body below the opponent's line of sight. * Step behind the opponent wi 1yout reat foot to lock the gar-
rote in place.

185
 * Snap your opponent's arms forward to close his airway and
restrict blood flow to the brain.

* Keep your body erect and continue to apply pressure until the Stationary Weapons
opponent is eliminated.
‘Stationary weapons are objects that you cannot pick up. You can
Garroting an opponent can also be executed from the front by using use stationary weapons to immobilize or destroy the opponent by
the momentum of the attack to gain access to the opponent's rear. driving him into the object. The terrain, a piece of equipment, a
building, a vehicle, etc.can beused by driving theopponent into
the object.

‘The following examples of stationary weapons are only a few of the

many possible weapons that can be found on the battlefield. Your
imagination and resourcefulness are your only limitations.

186 187
Example 1, Tree Trunk. 1f the opponent attacks with a straight * Deliver the finishing technique.
knife thrust—
* Execute an outside block with your lead hand and forcefully
push the opponent's arm against the tree trunk.

Example 2, Tree Limb. If the opponent attacks with a lead hand

punch, execute the defense for a lead hand punch described on page
n.

* Apply pressure to the arm with your lead hand and execute
a throat grab with the rear hand to crush the trachea.
Instead of executing a knee strike to the opponent's face, use the
momentum of the attack to impale the opponent's skull on the pro-
truding tree limb.

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