2013 OL Sinhala Language and Literature Past Paper With Answers
2013 OL Sinhala Language and Literature Past Paper With Answers
wæ fmdæ iæ ^idæ fm<& úNd.fhys ^21& isxy, NdIdj yd idys;Hh úIhfhys YsIH idOkh
we.hSu i`oyd m%Yak m;% ;=kla b†˙m;a flfr®æ tajd w;=˙ka I m;%h iy II m;%h hk m%Yak
m;% folu wfmaÈlhskag tl jr fokq ,nk w;r tu m;% folu i`oyd kshñ; ld,h meh
;=klsæ isxy, idys;Hh wdYs%; l=i,;d uekSu i|yd fjku fokq ,nk III m;%h i`oyd kshñ;
ld,h meh follsæ
* jrK y;r ne.ska we;s nyqjrK m%Yak 40 lska iukaú; fõæ tu tla tla
m%Yakhg ° we;s ^1&" ^2&" ^3& yd ^4& jrKj,ska ksjer† fyda jvd;a .e<fmk fyda
jrKh f;a¯u wfmaÈd flfr®æ
njg
NdId l=i,;d
jHdlrK
m%;sY;h
NdId idys;Hh
úYaf,aIKh yd
wjfndaOh
m%Yak wxlh
igyk ( tla tla m%Yakh hgf;a ksjer† jrKh f;dard we;s YsIH m%;sY;h lΩ meyefhka olajd we;æ
w'fmd'i'^id'fm<& isxy, NdIdj yd idys;Hh we.hSï jdr®;dj 2013
- 20 -
2æ1æ6 isxy, NdIdj yd idys;Hh ˚ m;%hg ms<s;=re iemhSu ms<sn| ks¯ÈK" ks.uk yd fhdackd
nyqjrK m%Yk
a y;<sylska iukaú; fuu m%Yk a m;%h u.ska isxy, NdIdj yd idys;Hh ms<n
s |
j wh≥ïlrejka i;= ksrjq,a ±kqu" wjfndaOh" iaurK yelshdj" NdId m˙ph yd Ndú;h hk
l=i,;d uek ne,Su yd we.hSu wfmaCIs;h'
wxl 2" 4" 9" 20" 23" 27" 28" 33" 34" 37 hk m%Yk
a j, myiq;d 50]-75] w;r m%dka;rhg wh;a fõ'
wfkl=;a m%Yk a j,g idfmaCIj fuu m%Yk a j,g ms<;
s r
= e iemhSu isik
q g myiq ù we;s nj wkd-
jrKh fõ'
wxl 5" 7" 10" 11" 14" 16" 17" 22" 25" 29" 30" 32" 39" 40 hk m%Yk
a j, myiq;d 30]-50] w;r
m%dka;rhg wh;a fõ'
wxl 6" 15" 18" 21" 35" 36" 38 hk m%Yk a j, myiq;d 30]g jvd wvqjk neúka tu m%Yk
a fndfyda
wh≥ïlrejkag ksjer†j ms<; s r
= e iemhSug ≥Ialr jQ m%Yk
a f,i ie,lsh yelsh' thska jvd;au
≥Ialr ù we;s m%Yk a h jkafka 6 m%Yk a hhs' tys myiq;dj 16]la fõ'
isxy, NdIdj yd idys;Hh ˚ m%Yak m;%fhys wvx.= nyqjrK m%Yak y;<sy my; i|yka m˙†
m%Odk f;aud y;rla hgf;a jr®.SlrKh l< yels fjhs'
1' NdId l=i,;d - 1" 2" 3" 4" 5" 6" 12" 13" 14" 15" 16" 17" 18" 19" 26" 27" 28
2' jHdlrK - 7" 8" 9" 10" 11" 20" 21" 22" 23" 24" 25" 29" 30" 31" 32" 37
3' NdId idys;Hh - 33
4' úYaf,aIKh yd wjfndaOh - 34" 35" 36" 38" 39" 40
NdId l=i,;d
fuu m%Yak m;%fhys wvx.= nyqjrK m%Yak 40 w;=frka m%Yak 17lau b†˙m;a lr ;snqfKa NdId
l=i,;d f;audfjks' ˚ m;%hg ysñ ,l=Kqj,ska 42'5]la fï i|yd fjka flfrk fia f;aud w;r
nr ;nd we;' nyqjrK m%Yak 40 w;=frka myiq;u m%Yakh wxl 3 jk w;r th NdId l=i,;d
f;audjg wh;a fõ' tys myiq;dj 88]ls'
fuu f;audjg wh;a wxl 01" 12" 19" 26 hk m%Yakj, myiq;d ms<sfj<ska 81]" 82]" 82]" 80] fõ'
ta wkqj ˚ m;%fhys jvd;a myiq m%Yak myu we;=<;a ù we;af;a NdId l=i,;d f;audfjks' ta iEu
m%Yakhlu myiq;dj 80] blaujd we;'
fuu f;audjg wh;a m%Yak w;=frka ≥Ialr m%Yak njg m;aj we;af;a wxl 6" 15" 17" 18 fõ' tajdfha
myiq;d ms<sfj<ska 16]" 23]" 33]" 27] fõ'
fuu m%Yak 17ysu myiq;d i,ld uOHl myiq;dj ^Average Facility& .Kkh l< úg NdId l=i,;d
f;audfõ iuia; myiq;dj 55]ls'
jHdlrK
isxy, NdIdj yd idys;Hh ˚ m;%fhys jHdlrK f;audj hgf;a nyqjrK m%Yak 16la wvx.= jQ w;r"
fuu m%Yak m;%hg ysñ ,l=Kqj,ska 40]la tu f;audjg fjka ù ;snq◊'
jHdlrK f;audjg wh;a m%Yak 16 w;=frka jeäu myiq;dj we;af;a 24 jeks m%Yakhghs' tys
myiq;dj 76]ls' fuu f;audj hgf;a we;s myiq m%Yak f,i ie,lsh yels wxl 9" 20" 23" 37
m%Yakj, myiq;d ms<sfj<ska 74]" 52]" 54]" 56] fõ'
jHdlrK f;audj hgf;a jQ ≥Ialru m%Yakh jkafka 21 jk m%Yakhhs' tys myiq;dj 20]la
mu◊' fuu m%Yakfhys ksjer† ms<s;=r wh;a jkafka fojk jrKhg jqj;a th f;dard we;af;a
wh≥ïlrejkaf.ka 20]la muKla jk w;r" wh≥ïlrejkaf.ka 17]la m<uqjk jrKho" 22]la
f;jk jrKho" 41]la isõjk jrKh o f;dard we;'
ir, úhrK ¯;s ms<sn|j wh≥ïlrejka ;=< we;s wkjfndaOh fuys° lemS fmfka' tfukau ksmd;"
Wmir®. yd mr®hdh mo ms<sn|j ksYaÑ; j fkd ±kSu fuka u úfYaIfhka u lr®;D ldrl jdlH
yd lr®u ldrl jdlH tlsfklska fjka lr y∫kd .ekSug fkd yelsùu;a fuu m%Yakhg ksjer†
ms<s;=r f;a¯ug fkd yelsùu flfrys jeä n,mEula lr we;s nj meye†,s h'
25 jk m%Yakh fm< .iajd we;af;a ikaê lrk ,o mo hq.,hla úikaê ls¯u weiq˙ks' ° we;s
jrK w;=frka ksjer† jkqfha m<uqjk jrKh jqjo wh≥ïlrejka w;˙ka ksjer† j ms<s;=re imhd
we;s m%;sY;h 41]la mu◊'
fï ksid wh≥ïlrejka olajd we;s m%;spdr ms<sn| j wjOdkh fhduq ls¯fï° ir, úhrK ú†
ms<sn|j o isiqkaf.a jHdlrK ms<sn| ±kqu m%udKj;a fkdjk nj wkdjrK jk ksid Tjqkag ta
ms<sn| wjfndaOhla ,nd°u jeo.;a nj ;yjqre fjhs'
NdId idys;Hh
isxy, NdIdj yd idys;Hh ˚ m;%fha NdId idys;Hh f;audj weiqfrka ilia ù we;af;a 33 jk
m%Yakh mu◊' Wmud uQ,sl lr.;a m%Yakhla jQ tys myiq;dj 74]ls' b;s˙ wh≥ïlrejka 26]lf.a
m%;spdr wfkl=;a jrK ;=k w;r úis¯ we;s nj fmfka'
wh≥ïlrejkaf.ka 74]la fuu m%Yakhg ksjer† j ms<s;=re iemhSfuka wkdjrKh jkafka m<uqjk
jrKfhys wvx.= §jka¶ hk moh u.ska Wmudj wvx.= lú moh f;a¯ug fndfyda isiqka iu;aj
we;s njhs'
úYaf,aIKh yd wjfndaOh
isxy, NdIdj yd idys;Hh ˚ m;%fhys úYaf,aIKh yd wjfndaOh f;audj hgf;a wxl 34" 35" 36"
38" 39" 40 hk m%Yak yh wvx.= ù ;snq◊' ˚ m;%hg ysñ ,l=Kqj,ska fuu f;audj i|yd 15]l nr
;eîula is≥lr we;' fuu f;audjg wh;a m%Yak w;˙ka jeäu myiq;dj 34 jk m%Yakhg ysñù
we;s w;r tys myiq;dj 58]ls' fuu f;audj hgf;a we;s ≥Ialru m%Yak f,i wxl 35" 36" 38 hk
m%Yak ie,lsh yelsh' tu m%Yak ;=fkau myiq;d 25] ne.ska fõ' fuu m%Yak ;=fkys° u" ksjer†
ms<s;=r wh;a jrKh f;dark wh≥ïlrejka ixLHdjg jvd jeä wh≥ïlrejka ixLHdjla fjk;a
jrKhla f;dard we;s nj wxl 20 msgqfõ wvx.= j.=fjys we;s f;dr;=rej,ska wkdjrKh fõ'
35 jk m%Yka hg ksjer† ms<;
s r
= fojeks jrKfhys we;=<;a jqj o wh≥ïlrejkaf.ka 35]lau ksjer†
jrKh f,i f;dard ;snf q Ka f;jeks jrKhhs' tu jrK fol hgf;a ° we;s jdlH foflys u
woyia ;rula ≥rg iudk njla fmkakï q lrhs' fuys° wh≥ïlrejka §ù j.dj †hqKq ls¯u u.sk¶a yd
§ù j.dj †hqKq l< hq;= kï¶ hk jdlH LKav foflys;a §rdcH md,lfhda ±k isáhy¶ yd §rdcH
md,lfhda f;areï .;ay¶ hk jdlH LKav foflys;a woyia iqúfYaIj fjka lr .ekSfï ≥Ialr;djg
m;aj we;s nj ks.ukh l< yelsh' 36 jk m%Yka hg ms<;s r
= e iemhSfï ° o fndfyda wh≥ïlrejka tu
≥Ialr;djg u uqyKq md we;s nj tys tla tla jrKh f;dard we;s wh≥ïlrejkaf.a m%;Y s ; i,ld
ne,Sfuka wkdjrKh fõ'
36 jk m%Yakfha i|yka §m%ia;=; ud;Dldj" uOHia: f,i" ixCIsma;j" jdia;úl wdldrfhka¶ hk
moj, woyi ksrjq,aj .ksñka ksjer† ms<s;=r wvx.= jrKh iSñ; ld,hla ;=< f;dard .ekSfï
wmyiq;dj fuu ;;a;ajhg fya;= ù we;s nj fkdwkqudkh' myiq;dj 25]lg iSudù we;s 38 jk
m%Yakhg ms<s;=r ksjer† j f;a¯u i|yd fm< fmd; wOHhkh ls¯fuka ,nk ±kqu yd wjfndaOh
uy;a fia M,∞hs jk kuq;a tu wjfndaOh fkdue;sùu ksid wh≥ïlrejkaf.ka 55]lau jer†
ms<s;=rla wvx.= f;jeks jrKh f;dard f.k we;'
fm< fmd;a yd iïNdjH idys;H m; fmd; m˙YS,khg isiq orejka fhduq ls¯fï wjYH;dj fuu
f;dr;==rej,ska wjOdrKh flfr®'
isxy, NdIdj yd idys;Hh ˚ m;%fhys iuia; myiq;dj 49]la fõ' tkï fuu m;%hg fmkS
isá wh≥ïlrejka iuia;hla jYfhka .;a l," Tjqka Wmhd f.k we;af;a tu m;%hg Wmhd
.; yelsj ;snQ Wm˙u ,l=Kqj,ska 49]la mu◊' thska .uH jkafka isxy, NdIdj yd idys;Hh
˚ m;%fhka by< ,l=Kq ,nd.ekSu wh≥ïlrejkag myiq ù fkdue;s njhs'
fuu m%Yak m;%h m%Yak mylska iukaú; fõ' tu m%Yak ish,a,gu ms<s;=re iemhsh
hq;=h'
1æ m%Yakh ( NdId m˙ph we.hSu i|yd ilia lrk ,o flá ms<s;=re iemhSfï
wkqm%Yak 10lska iukaú; fõæ
tla wkqm%Yakhlg ,l=Kq 02 ne.ska uqΩ ,l=Kq 20 lsæ
2æ m%Yakh ( ksr®†Iag jHQy.; f;aud y;rla w;=˙kaa tlla f;dard f.k" fok ,o
jpk iSudjla hgf;a rpkhla ,súh hq;= fõæ f;dard .kq ,enQ rpkd
jHQyhg jvd;a w∞< jk idrj;a lreKq y`≥kd f.k ksr®udKd;aul
f,i ixúOdkh lr b†˙m;a ls¯fï yelshdj uekSu wfmaÈd flfr®æ
,l=Kq 25 ls'
3æ m%Yakh ( fok ,o mdGhl idrdxYh" fok ,o jpk iSudjla ;=< ,súh hq;= fõæ
NdIduh ixYaf,aIK yd úYaf,aIK yelshdj uek ne,Su wfmaÈd flfr®æ
,l=Kq 10 lsæ
5æ m%Yk
a h( ° we;s wjYH;dj,g .e<fmk fia wØ< b,a,u S la wvx.= ,smh s la fyda
wØ< f;dr;=re wvx.= w;a m;sl
% djla fyda ,súh hq;= fõæ m%dfhda.l
s f,aLk
l=i,;d uekSu wfmaÈd flfr®æ
,l=Kq 15 ls'
˚˚ m;%fhys tla tla m%Yakh i|yd ms<s;=re iemhSu ms<sn| ks¯CIK wxl 2" 3 yd 4 m%ia;dr
weiqfrka b†˙m;a lr we;' tla tla m%Yakhg w∞< m%ia;dr ta ta m%Yakfha ks¯CIK yd
ks.uk iu. olajd we;'
myiq;dj
m%Yak wxlh
^RD/16/04/OL fmdarufhka ,nd.;a f;dr;=re weiq˙ka ilia lrk ,°'&
isxy, NdIdj yd idys;Hh ˚˚ m;%fhys we;s m%Yak mygu ms<s;=re iemhSu wksjdr®h fõ'
tfy;a wh≥ïlrejkaf.ka jeä u m%;sY;hla ms<s;=re imhd ;snqfKa m<uqjk m%Yakhg jk
w;r wvq u m%;sY;hla ms<s;=re imhd ;snqfKa 5 jk m%Yakhg h' tu m%;sY; ms<sfj<ska 98]
yd 91] ^m%ia;drh 2" msgqj 9& fõ' wh≥ïlrejkaf.ka jeä u m%;sY;hla m<uqjk m%Yakhg
ms<s;=re imhd ;snQ kuq;a jeä u myiq;djla we;af;a 4 jk m%Yakhg h' ° we;s f√ohla
mokï lrf.k wikq ,nk m%Yakj,g ms<s;=re iemhSug ie,eiaùu u.ska isiqkaf.a wjf-
ndaOh ms<sn| yelshdj uekSfï wruq◊ka tu m%Yakh ilia lrk ,oaols' tys myiq;dj 74]la
muK ùu u.ska ks.ukh l< yelafla tu m%Yakhg jvd;a myiqfjka yd i;=gq∞hl f,i
ms<s;=re iemhSfï yelshdj isiqka i;= jQ njhs'
wfmaCIs; ms<s;=r
1' (i) `." `c" `v" `o" U
g" G" v" V" K" <" I" r" `v" R" RD
^tl wl=rlg ,l=Kq 1$2 ne.sks&
(v) ^w& fmdaIK ^jelshl fuu jpk folg muKla wjOdkh fhduq l< hq;=h&
^wd& .=re uqIaá
^jdlHh u ,shd ;snqK;a ,l=Kq fokak&
m%Yakh i|yd ,l=Kq ,nd we;s wdldrh fuu m%Yakhg ms<s;=re iemhSu wksjdr®h jqj;a
Bg ms<s;=re imhd we;af;a wfmaCIlhskaf.ka
98]l ms˙ils' fuu m%Yakh i|yd ,l=Kq 20la
ysñfõ'
bka ,l=Kq 00 - 05 m%dka;rfha 31]la o"
,l=Kq 06 - 10 m%dka;rfha 32]la o"
,l=Kq 11 - 15 m%dka;rfha 27]la o"
,l=Kq 16 - 20 m%dka;rfha 10]la o"
,l=Kq ,ndf.k we;' fuu m%Yakh i|yd
,l=Kq 16la fyda Bg jeäfhka ,nd.;a ms˙i
10]la jk w;r" 31]la ,ndf.k we;af;a ,l=Kq
5la fyda Bg wvqfjks'
uqø;
s udOHj,°;a ks;r ±lsh yels
mohla ùu Bg ,enqKq m%;p s dr by<
uÜgul mej;Sug fya;j = ls'
^‹& jeks fldgfia ^w&" ^wd& wkqfldgia fm< fmd; weiq˙ka úuid we;;a tajdfha myiq;d 29] yd 34]
ùfuka u" wh≥ïlrejka ksr†® Iag .%k:a m˙YS,kfhys olajk ≥r®j,;dj wkdjrKh úh'
^¤⁄⁄⁄& jk fldgfia ^w& wkqfldgfiys myiq;dj 35]la o ^wd& fldgfiys myiq;dj 39]la o jk w;r
wh≥ïlrejka jdlH rgd wkqj lr®;D ldrl-lr®u ldrl fNaoh ksis f,i wjfndaO lrf.k fkdue;s
njo Wla;-wkql; a fNaoh" ixLHd fNaoh" wdLHd; fNaoh wd° ir, jHdlrK ¯;s ms<n s |j m%udKj;a
±kqula Tjqkga fkdue;s nj o fuhska wkdjrKh úh'
NdId m˙ph hgf;a f,aLk l=i,;dj" NdIK wjfndaOh yd úYaf,aIKh ls¯u" NdId Ndú;h" .%k: a
m˙yrKh yd jdlH wjfndaOh hk lreKq uekSug fuhska wfmaCId l< o wh≥ïlrejka ;=< jHdlrK
ms<n
s | uQ,l
s ±kqu ySk ùu yd wjfndaOh ms<n
s |j Tjqka ;=< we;s ≥r®j,;d lemS fmfkhs' fï i|yd
jHdlrK .%k: a m˙YS,kh ls¯ug yd úhrK ±kqu ksjer†j bf.kSug wh≥ïlrejka Wkka≥ l<
hq;h= '
02 m%Yakh
wfmalI
a Kh ( ixYaf,aIK yelshdj uek nef,kakls' fok ,o jHqy.; f–o y;frka tlla hgf;a
rpkdjla ,sùu;a" fhda.H ud;Dldjla fh°u;a wfmaCId flfr®' fuys° wfmaCIlhdf.a
ksru
® dK yd Ñka;k Yla;h s " f,aLk l=i,;dj" ksrjq,a NdId Ndú;h" ixYaf,aIK
yd úYaf,aIK yelshdj uek ne,Su wd† wruqKq flfrys wjOdkh fhduq fjhs'
udr®f.damfoaY;
s rpkd uQ,Or®uh fuys° wkq.ukh lr we;'
ie,lsh hq;=hs (
01' rpkfha jpk .Kk o< jYfhka 200g jvd wvq jk l,ays by; ±lajQ 1" 2" 3 hk fldgiaj,g
wkqmd;sl j ,l=Kla ;SrKh flfr®'
02' jeo.;a woyia yd is;a .kakd m%ldYk we;s ;ekaj, ^√& fhdokak' jer† ;ekaj, ^x & ,l=Kq
fhdokak'
03' Wla;LHd; iïnkaO jer† ;eka háka brla w¢kak' wCIr úkHdih jer† jpk jgd rjqula
w¢kak'
04' 1" 2" 3 hk fldgia i|yd fok ,o ,l=Kq W;a;rh w. yria w;g ,shd tl;= lr uqΩ ,l=Kq
,nd.kak'
6 9 3 18
ksoiqka
8 12 5 25
ix,CIHh ( jdlH rpkd we.hSug fmr w∞< jHqyh lshjd o< ie,eiaula ilia lr.kak'
jHqyhg lsisfia;a w∞< fkdjk fia ,shd we;s rpkd we.hSfï° idrj;aNdjh i|yd
ms˙keñh hq;af;a b;d wvq ,l=Kls'
m%Yakfha rpkd jHQyj, myiq;dj fuu m%Yk a fhys ^w&" ^wd&" ^b& iy ^B&
hgf;a ms<f s j<ska §l=Kq li< neyer
ls¯u¶" §nqoê
a .,kh¶" §ú≥,sh iq/lSu¶"
§<ud .S; l,dj¶ hk ud;Dld f;aud
lr.ksñka udr®f.damfoaY; s rpkd i|yd
úia;rd;aulj jHQy.; fPao 4la b†˙m;a
lr ;sn◊q '
kQ;k iudchg w;HjYH iïm;la jkqfha ú≥,shhs' fï i|yd by< ms˙jehla ±¯ug uyck;djg
is≥jqj;a Tjqkaf.a ffoksl lghq;= i|yd ke;=ju ne˙ fohla njg ú≥,sh m;a ù we;' ≥mam;a
fmdai;a fyda W.;a kQ.;a fyda md,l md,s; fyda .eñ kd.˙l fyda fNaohlska f;drj yeu
fofkl=f.au wjYH;d imqrd .ekSug ú≥,sh m%fhdackj;a fõ'
furg iEu .Dy uQ,slfhl=f.au wfmaCIdj jkqfha ú≥,sh ,nd .ekSuhs' ksjdij,g wdf,dalh
iemhSug;a úúO bf,lafg%dksl fuj,ï ls%hd;aul ls¯ug;a ú≥,sh ;sìh hq;=h' uydudr®. yd
wêfõ.S udr®.j, †jd rd;s% wdf,dalh iemhSu" udr®.ia: ix« ls%hd;aul ls¯u wd†hg ú≥,sh
fkdue;sj ne˙h' uy,a .Kkdjla iys;j ksr®ñ; ksjdi ixlSr®Kj, †jd ld,fha mjd mj;akd
w∫r m<jd ye¯ug ú≥,sh wjYH fõ' rdcH yd fm!oa.,sl wdh;k" jd◊c uOHia:dk wd†fha
ldr®h idM,Hh i|yd ú≥,sh fnfyúkau bjy,a fõ'
fufia iudchg w;HjYH iïm;la jQ ú≥,sh wrmfriaiñka Ndú; l< hq;= fõ' rdcH yd fm!oa.,sl
wdh;kj, wkjYH yd wm¯CIdld¯ f,i ú≥,sh Ndú; ls¯u ksid iEfyk uqo,a m%udKhla wmf;a
hhs' †jd ? ls%hd;aul jk ú≥,sh mxld" YS;lrK yd jdhqiuk hka;% .ek is;Sfï° wmf;a hk
ú≥,sh fld;rï ±hs is;d .; yelsh' uydudr®.j, †jd ld,fha° mjd ±,afjk ú≥,s myka olsk
úg wm yoj;a ;=< kef.kafka ±ä fõokdjls ≥lls'
†fkka †k by< hk ú≥,sh wjYH;d wLKavj ,nd°ug rch ue†y;a ù ls%hd;aul flfrk
jHdmdr rdYshls' uydm˙udk c,ú≥,s n,d.dr l=vd .x.d we< f∞< yria lr ksuejQ m%dfoaYSh ú≥,s
n, jHdmD;s" fkdfrdÉfpda, jeks .,a wÛ=re n,d.dr" yïnkaf;dg" mq;a;,u wd° m%foaYj, iq<x
n,h Wmfhda.S lr.;a iq<x n,d.dr le,◊;siai jeks ;dm n,d.dr" .%dóh uÜgfuka y∫kajd °
we;s „j jdhq n,Yla;sh muKla fkdj iQr®h ;dmh jeks Wmdh udr®. u.ska md˙fNda.sl wjYH;d
iïmQr®K ls¯ug W;aidy f.k ;sîu md˙fNda.slhkag wiajeis,a,ls'
tfuka u iudchg tfrysjkafkda wên, /yeka ;=<ska ú≥,sh fidrd .ekSu" uoHidr ksIamdokh"
i;a;aj >d;kh" ±j úkdYh" ue◊la m;,a yE¯ï jeks kS;s úfrdaë ls%hd i|yd o ú≥,sh wh:d
l%u u.ska m˙yrKhg .ekSu wmf;a hduls' k.rfha;a" .fï;a wÆ;ska b†ù tk uxudj;aj,g
ióm l=vd fj<| l=á i|yd l=áh mqrd wê fjda,aàh;dfjka hq;a ú≥,s ,dïmq ±,aùu" jr®K.ekaùu"
±kaùï mqjre m%or®Ykh wd° ls%hd wju ls¯u i|yd ckudOH yd mdi,a u.ska m%cdj ±kqj;a l<
hq;=h'
ú≥,sh hkq c, ú≥,sfhka fyda ;dm ú≥,sfhka fyda fjk;a n,hlska fyda Wmhd.;a n,Yla;shls'
th ksisf,i Ndú; lrñka m%fhdackhg .ekSu yd wrm˙iaifuka hq;=j Ndú; ls¯u i|yd
uyck;dj fm,ôh hq;= fõ'
fï wkqj wúêu;a m˙fNdack rgd yd jxpksl ls%hd wju ls¯fuka wmf;a hk ú≥,s tall m%udKh
cd;sl ú≥,sn, moaO;shg fYaI fldg ú≥,sh lmamd≥ ls¯u yd ì|jeàï ;=<ska is≥jk wkr®: j<lajd
ixjr®Ok ldr®h yd .Dyia: lghq;= i|yd Wm˙u wdldrfhka fhd∞ f.k §ú≥,sh wrm˙iaiñka
m˙fNdackh lruq'¶ hkak jpkhg iSud fkdfldg ls%hdfjka o idlaId;a ls¯ug W;aiql fjuq'
wh≥ïlrejka ;=< idrdxYlrKh ms<sn| ukd m<mqreoaola ;sìh hq;=h' ta i|yd ksrka;r
wNHdij, fh°u wksjdr®h fõ' fï i|yd wfmaCIs; idrdxYh ms<sn| meye†,s woyila ,nd°
;sfí'
jpk .Kk 65 blaujk l,ays ie,lsh hq;af;a uq,a jpk 60 ;=< we;s m%Odk woyia muKs'
jpk .Kk 45 g wvqjk l,ays tys we;=<;a woyia .Kkh fldg Bg iq≥iq wkqmd;sl ,l=Kla
ms˙kukak' W;a;rh f√ohla fia ,shd ;sìh hq;=h' fldgqjla ;=< mo fnod ;snqK o ms<s.kak' tl
hg tl wiïnkaê; jdlH jYfhka ,shd we;akï wka;r®.;hg †h yels Wm˙u ,l=Kq .Kk
02 ls' jpk .Kkfha ° ,sys,a ms<sfj;la wkq.ukh lrkak' jpk .Kk o< jYfhka 65 g
jeäjk l,ays fyda 45 g wvqjk l,ays jpk .Kk i`oyd ,l=Kq 01 fyda 02 fyda ms˙kukak'
(ii) fuf;la j.d fkdlr ;snqKq f,dl= le,E hdhj,a t<s lr l=Uqre njg fyda j;= njg yerùu$
yrjd j.d ls¯u
(iii) ud>$ld,sx>
(iv) fmd,af;,a
m%Yakh i|yd ,l=Kq ,nd we;s wdldrh 4 m%Yakh f;dardf.k we;s ms˙i 95]ls' fuu
m%Yakh i|yd ,l=Kq 10la ysñ fõ'
bka ,l=Kq 00 - 02 m%dka;rfha 4]la o"
,l=Kq 03 - 05 m%dka;rfha 6]la o"
,l=Kq 06 - 07 m%dka;rfha 14]la o"
,l=Kq 08 - 10 m%dka;rfha 76]la o"
,l=Kq ,ndf.k we;' fuu m%Yakh i|yd ,l=Kq
06la fyda Bg jeäfhka ,nd.;a ms˙i 65]la jk
w;r" 14]la ,ndf.k we;af;a ,l=Kq 02la fyda
Bg wvqfjks'
fï m%Yakhg ms<s;=re iemhSu jvd;a idr®:l uÜgul mej;s nj fmfka' wjfndaOh ms<sn| j
úuid ;snQ m%Yak 5ka uq,a m%Yak 4ysu myiq;d 70] blaujd ;sì◊' ta wkqj fuu m%Yakfhys iuia;
myiq;dj 74]l muK by< w.hla .kakd w;r ˚˚ m;%fhys m%Yak my w;=frka myiq;dj jeäu
m%Yakh njg fuu m%Yakh m;aj ;sfí'
fï ;;a;ajh ;j≥rg;a ixjr®Okh ls¯u i|yd ndysr fmd;a m;a m˙YS,khg isiqka Wkka≥ lrùu
.=reNj;=kaf.a ldr®hhls' tys,d ≥rjfndaO jpkj, wr®:djfndaOhg o isiqka fhduq l< hq;= fjhs'
05 m%Yakh
wfmalaIKh ( fuys tla m%Yakhla jkafka rdcld˙ ,smshla ,sùuhs' tysu wfkla m%Yakh jkqfha
mqj;am;a jdr®;djla ilia ls¯uhs' fun∫ m%Yak u.ska kQ;k iudcfhys úúO
m%dfhda.sl f,aLk ms<sn| wOHhkh yd tajd is;a .kakd m˙† ksr®udKd;aulj
,shd ±laùu;a ms<sn| wfmaCIlhskaf.a l=i,;dj úur®Ykh flfr®'
^hjkakdf.a ;k;=r" hjkakdf.a ,smskh ;=< fyda ,smsh wjidkfha fyda i|yka ù ;sìh hq;= hs'
rdcld˙ ,sms i|yd ksr®foaYs; wdlD;s 2 u ksjer† fia ms<s.efka'&
w'fmd'i'^id'fm<& isxy, NdIdj yd idys;Hh we.hSï jdr®;dj 2013
- 36 -
02' wka;r®.;h i|yd ,l=Kq 08 (
÷ i;ais˙mqr m%foaYhg ú≥,sh /yeka we°fï uQ,sl lghq;= ksuù udi oyhla .;ù we;;a
;ju ú≥,sh fkdue;s nj
,l=Kq 02 ^tla lreKlg ,l=Kq 01 ne.ska&
÷ mjq,a ixLHdj 200 lg wêl msßila m%foaYfha Ôj;aùu yd nyq;rhla iajhx /lshdj,
kshe,Su
,l=Kq 02 ^tla lreKlg ,l=Kq 01 ne.ska&
ksjer† wCIr úkHdih" úhrK" úrdu ,CIK" meye†,s w;a wl=re" Wla; wdLHd; iïnkaOh"
f√o fjka ls¯u iuia;hla f,i i,ld ,l=Kq ms˙kefï' kshñ; jpk .Kk wvqjk l,ays
fyda w∞< lreKq wka;r®.; fkdjk wvqmdvq iys; W;a;r we;s l,ays fyda wkqmd;sl ,l=Kla
ms˙kefï'
w;a m;s%ldj
,l=Kq 15 hs' 1" 2" 3 hk wxY i|yd fjka fjkaj ,l=Kq ° tu ,l=Kqj, tl;=j ,nd.efka'
1' wdlD;sh - ,l=K 04
2' wka;r®.;h - ,l=Kq 08
3' Ys,amSh olaI;d - ,l=Kq 03
1' wdlD;sh
÷ ud;Dldj - ,l=Kq 02 hs
÷ jdr®;dlre - ,l=Kq 01 hs
÷ ksr®udKYS,snj - ,l=Kq 01 h
2' wka;r®.;h
1' foaYSh wuqøjH Ndú;h - ,l=Kq 01 hs
2' or®YkSh iqN me;=ï m;a - ,l=Kq 01 hs
3' ì;a;s ieris,s - ,l=Kq 01 hs
4' mqyqKq ls¯fï jev uqΩj - ,l=Kq 01 hs
5' ia:dkh ^iu.smqr ixialD;sl uOHia:dkh& - ,l=Kq 01 hs
6' ksr®udK m%or®Ykh - ,l=Kq 01 hs
7' m%foaYjdiska iyNd.S ùu - ,l=Kq 01 hs
8' m%Odk wuq;a;d ^†ia;s%la ixialD;sl ks,Od¯ ;=ud& - ,l=Kq 01 hs
÷ kshñ; jpk .Kk wvqjk l,ays fyda w∞< lreKq m%udKj;a j wka;r®.; fkdjk
wvqmdvq iys; W;a;r we;s l,ays fyda wkqmd;sl ,l=Kla ms˙kefï' ^,l=Kq 15 hs&
^w& ^wd&
fyda
5 m%Yakfhys fldgi
m%dfhda.sl f,aLk hgf;a ieliqKq rdcld˙ ,smsh wdlD;sh i|yd ,l=Kq 04lao" wka;r®.;h
i|yd ,l=Kq 08lao iy Ys,amSh oCI;d i|yd ,l=Kq 03lao fjka lr we;'
fuys° wka;r®.;fha we;s m%Odk lreKq y∫kd .ekSug isiqka yqrel< hq;=h' tfia jQ l,ays
wka;r®.;hg ysñ ,l=Kq ysñ lr .ekSug wfmaCIlhskag myiqfõ'
mqj;am;a jdr®;dfõ° ,l=Kq m%∞kh wkqj wka;r®.;hg ,l=Kq 08ls' tys°o w∞< lreKq wka;r®.;
fldg we;s úfgl by< ,l=Kq ysñfõ'
fuu m%Yak i|yd ms<s;=re iemhSu i;=gq∞hlh' rdcld˙ ,sms fukau mqj;am;a jdr®;d ksjer†
wdlD;shlg wkqj ,sùu yqre l< hq;=h' myiq;d uÜgu by< fun∫ m%Yak i|yd i;=gq ∞hl
ms<s;=re ,sùug ksrjq,a wjfndaOhla ,nd.ekSu ms◊i wdor®Y ,smshla yd mqj;a m;a jdr®;djl
wdor®Y my; olajd we;'
2'3'2 III m%Yak m;%h i|yd wfmaCIs; ms<s;=re" ,l=Kq °fï mámdáh" ms<s;=re iemhSu ms<sn|
ks¯CIK yd ks.uk
˚˚˚ m;%h i|yd ms<s;=re iemhSu ms<sn| ks¯CIK" m%ia;dr 5" 6 yd 7 weiqfrka ilia lr we;'
tla tla m%Yakhg w∞< m%ia;dr" ta ta m%Yakfha ks¯ÈK yd ks.uk iu. olajd we;æ
m%Yak wxlh
^RD/16/04/OL fmdarufhka ,nd.;a f;dr;=re weiq˙ka ilia lrk ,°'&
fojk m%Yakh fhduq jkafka ksr®†Iag .%ka:j, fh¥ NdIdfõ wr®:djfndaOh ms<sn| wh≥ïlrejka
i;= ±kqu m¯CId ls¯ug h' fuys° ksr®†Iag mdG y;rla ,ndfok w;r ta mdG y;frys i|yka
;o lΩ wl=˙ka i|yka jpk wg i|yd wre;a ,shd wk;=rej iuia; mdGj, wr®:h ir,
niska ,shd ±laùu l< hq;= h' fï i|yd tla fldgilg ,l=Kq 5 ne.ska ,l=Kq úiails'
3-4 m%Yak ksr®†Iag .%ka: ms<sn| wfmaCIlhskaf.a úYaf,aIKd;aul ±kqu we.hSu uQ,sl
wfmaCIdjhs' fuys° §ke;fyd;a¶ hkafkka wh≥ïlrejkag úl,am m%Yakhla f;dard .ekSug o
yelshdj we;'
w'fmd'i'^id'fm<& isxy, NdIdj yd idys;Hh we.hSï jdr®;dj 2013
- 40 -
3" 4 m%Yak foflau fï f,iska úl,am m%Yak f;dard .; yelsh fï i|yd tla m%Yakhlg ,l=Kq
15 ne.ska ysñ fõ'
isxy, NdIdj yd idys;Hh ˚˚˚ m;%fha 2" 3" 4 m%Yak i|yd ms<s;=re iemhSu wksjdr®h jQ w;r tys
2 jk m%Yakh i|yd myiq;dj 49]ls'
3 jk m%Yakh fldgia 2lska iukaú; jQ w;r jeäu myiq;dj 76]la ,ndf.k we;af;a 3 jk
m%Yakfha ˚˚ fldgig fõ' tys ˚ fldgig myiq;dj 63]ls' th 3" 4 m%Yakj, wvqu myiq;djh
fõ'
5" 6" 7 m%Yakj,ska wfmaCIlhskaf.a ms<s;=re iemhsh hq;af;a tla m%Yakhlg mu◊' fuys
wNsu;dr®:h jkqfha ksr®†Iag .%ka: wdYs%;j wfmaCIlhska ;=< mj;akd úYaf,aIKd;aul"
úpdrd;aul" ;r®ldkql+, oekqu yd ri{;dj uek ne,Suhs' fï i|yd ,l=Kq 10la fjka lr
we;' fulS m%Yak wfmaCIl f;dard .ekSu u; ieliqKls' fuys° jeäu myiq;dj 68] ,ndf.k
we;af;a 6 jk m%Yakhg fõ' ≥Ialru myiq;dj 48]la jQ w;r th 5 jk m%Yakh i|yd ,nd
f.k ;snq◊'
m%Yakh i|yd ,l=Kq ,nd we;s wdldrh 1 m%Yakh f;dardf.k we;s ms˙i 98]ls' fuu
m%Yakh i|yd ,l=Kq 20la ysñfõ'
bka ,l=Kq 00 - 05 m%dka;rfha 20]la o"
,l=Kq 06 - 10 m%dka;rfha 25]la o"
,l=Kq 11 - 15 m%dka;rfha 32]la o"
,l=Kq 16 - 20 m%dka;rfha 23]la o"
,l=Kq ,ndf.k we;' fuu m%Yakh i|yd ,l=Kq
16la fyda Bg jeäfhka ,nd.;a ms˙i 23]la jk
w;r" 20]la ,ndf.k we;af;a ,l=Kq 5la fyda
Bg wvqfjks'
w wd w wd w wd w wd w wd w wdw w wd w wd w wd w wd
fufia ùug uQ,sl fya;=jla jkakg we;af;a §uf.a mmqj .sä .sä .d,d .efykjd¶ hk WoaOD;
mdGhhs' th u.=,a m%ia;dj kdgHfha ,õfka˙iaf.a m%ldYhla jqjo §wmg;a ojil brmdhdf∞a¶ flá
l;dfõ §uf.a mmqj .sä .sä .d,d .eyqKd¶ hkqfjka o i|ykaj ;sîu ksid fndfyda wh≥ïlrejka
jer† jgyd .ekSu ksid ˚˚˚ wkqfldgiaj, ,l=Kq wfmaCIlhskf a .ka .s,y
s S .sh nj fmfka' fuu
.%k:a m˙YS,kh ls¯fï° riúkaokh muKla fkdj mqrd;k .oH moH kQ;k .oH moH kdgH
hkd° iEu wxYhlau wdjrKh jk m˙† wjfndaO lrùug wh≥ïlrejka mqre≥ mqyK q q l< hq;h
= '
p˙; ksrEmKh" wjia:d ksrEmKh" isoê a .e<mSï ms<n
s |j wjOdkh;a" u;lh;a ;nd .ekSfuka fuu
m%Yk
a h i|yd Wm˙u ,l=Kq ,nd.ekSug yels nj wkdjrKh úh'
02 m%Yakh
wfmaCIKh ( fojk m%Yakh o wksjdr®hh' fuys° ksr®†Iag mdG ms<sn| wjfndaOh we;sj mdGfhys woyi
fokq ,nk ;o lΩ wl=frka uqøs; fldgiaj, wr®:h fjka fjkaj ksis f,i ,shd bkamiq
uqΩ fldgfiau wr®:h ,sy,
s a niska ,sùfï l=i,;dj uek ne,Su fuys° uQ,sl wfmaCIdj
úh'
(i) wìfiia wNsfIal$ WÉp wjia:djg m;a ù$ Wiia u wjia:djg meñK$ Wm˙u
wjia:djg m;a ù$ lsreΩ me,|$ Tgqkq me,|$ i;=fÜ lsre< me,|
tl¨j taldf,dal ù$ uy;a wdf,dalhg m;a ù$ tlu wdf,dalhla njg m;aù
i;r †Ydfjka u;= ù tkakd jQ ieKfl<s kdofhka ms˙ uy;a i;=g Wm˙u wjia:dg m;a
úh' ú≥,s wdf,dalfhka mqrh taldf,dal ù wdYapr®hfhka ms˙ foõ f,djla we;s úh'
fun∫ †<s∫lulska u;= jQ ñksfil=f.a Wiia iajNdjhg uf.a hyΩ lúhd .re l<
hq;=h$ ysi my;a fldg isáh hq;= h'
Tyq fufia lS ksid wod< kele;a ojfia irK mjd °ug msh nuqKd fkdmudj lghq;=
mgka f.k
m%Yakh i|yd ,l=Kq ,nd we;s wdldrh wh≥ïlrejkaf.a m%;p s drhka foi ne,Sfï° fuu
m%Yk
a h f;dard .ekSfï m%;p s drh 95]l m%;Y s ;hla
.;a; o ksjer† ms<;
s r= e b†˙m;a ls¯fï° wvq m%;Y
s ;hla
f.k we;' ta wkqj
bka ,l=Kq 00-05 m%dka;rfhys 30]la o
,l=Kq 06-10 m%dka;rfhys 27]la o
,l=Kq 11-15 m%dka;rfhys 25]la o
,l=Kq 16-20 m%dka;rfhys 18]la o
,l=Kq ,nd f.k we;'
fuu m%Yakh fldgia y;rlska ^⁄" ⁄⁄" ⁄⁄⁄" ⁄¤& hqla; fõ' fuys° ta ta fldgfiys tk jpk fol
i|yd ,l=Kq fol ne.ska o iuia;dr®:h i|yd ,l=Kq 03 ne.ska o ,l=Kq 20la ,efnk m˙† .oH
yd moH mdGj, wr®: meye†,s ls¯ug bv i,id ;snq◊' tys f;dr;=re úYaf,aIKh 2 m%Yakfha
myiq;d j.=fjka meye†,s fõ'
yelsh'
wvqu myiq;djh 37] ,nd we;s ˚˚˚
wkq fldgi i|yd n,mdk ,oafoa
ldjHfYaLrfhka Wmqgd.;a §is≥jQ
fihska woyi hk mdvuhs'
2
m%Yakfhys fldgi
tys i|yka jk joka mer◊ moH idys;Hh ;=<ska Wmqgd .ekqKq fyhska Bg wjOdkh fhduq
fkdls¯u ksid myiq;dj wvq ù we;s nj fmfka'
iuia;hla jYfhka .;a l< .oH" moH' kdgH fldgiaj, ≥rjfndaO jokays wr®: meye†,s lr,Su;a"
wr®:djfndaOh jr®Okh lr,Sug mka;s ldurh ;=< wfmaCIlhska fhduq lr,Su jeo.;a fõ' úfYaIfhkau
lΩ wl=˙ka olajd we;s jpkj, muKla fkdj iuia; fldgfiau wr®: ,sùu jeo.;a nj wh≥ïlrejkag
wjOdrKh l< hq;f = õ'
isxy, .oH moH mdGj, ≥rjfndaO jpkj, f;areï lgmdvï lrùu" ksrka;r wNHdij, fhoùu
;=<k
s a idr®:l ms<;
s r
= e wfmaCId l< yelsh'
03 m%Yakh
wfmalaIs; ms<s;=r
wfmaCIs; W;a;r
(i) Wmud Ndú;h
÷ msUqrka fia wefohs .=re meye †h ∞rd
÷ †hje,a judrkakd fuks mshis ;,
÷ .eíjqKq isis, ths" B;, m˙† fufya
÷ .S foaúhg lem l< fofjd,lg iu
÷ l=áhl iqj`o fohs lΩje,a lmqre ≥u
m%Yakh i|yd ,l=Kq ,nd we;s wdldrh ;=kja k m%Yk a h o wksjdr®h m%Yk a hls'
wh≥ïlrejkaf.ka fuu m%Yk a h i|yd ms<; s r
= e
imhd we;af;a 95]l muK by< m%;Y s ;hls'
YsIH m%;ps drh by<ska u ,nd.;a fuu m%Yk a hg
,l=Kq 15la ysñfjhs'
m%Yakh i|yd ,l=Kq m%dka;rhka n,k l,
bka ,l=Kq 00-03 m%dka;rfhys 20]la o
,l=Kq 04-07 m%dka;rfhys 21]la o
,l=Kq 08-11 m%dka;rfhys 33]la o
,l=Kq 12-15 m%dka;rfhys 26]la o
,l=Kq ,nd f.k we;'
s
30
20
10
3
m%Yakfhys fldgi
;=kajk m%Yakfhys m<uq fldgig wh;a jk W∞yrK i|yd ,l=Kq 04la ,nd° we;' ta wkqj
is˙hdj;Sf.a iy is˙hdj;Sf.a ujf.a p˙; ms<sn| W∞yrK i|yd jeäu myiq;dj ,ndf.k we;s
w;r tys myiq;dj 86]ls'
tfukau tu m%Yakfha u fojk fldgig wh;a jk W∞yrK i|yd myiq;dj 83]ls' ta wkqj m<uq
fldgi o fojk fldgi o ii|k l, .oH fldgiaj, W∞yrK flfr® wh≥ïlrejkaf.a m%;spdr
jeäfõ' úia;rd;aul fldgiaj,g W∞yrK °fï ° fhda.H ksoiqka b†˙m;a ls¯fï ≥r®j,;djla
we;s nj fmfka'
is˙hdj;Sf.a iy is˙hdj;Sf.a ujf.a p˙; ksrEmKh jk wjia:d úur®Ykd;aulj b†˙m;a ls¯fï
≥r®j,;dj fya;=fjka m%Yakfha m<uq fldgi i|yd myiq;dj 55]ls'
tfy;a tu m%Yakfha u fojk fldgi tkï ke;fyd;a fldgig wh;a jk m%Yakfha iuia;
úia;rh ,sùfï ° i;=gq∞hl uÜgula fmkakqï lrhs' tkï tys myiq;dj 74]la jk fyhsks'
fï wkqj .oH m%Yakhg jvd moH m%Yakfha idr®:l ms<s;=re ,sùfï yelshdj wh≥ïlrejka ;=<ska
biau;= ù ;sîu ±lsh yelsh'
w'fmd'i'^id'fm<& isxy, NdIdj yd idys;Hh we.hSï jdr®;dj 2013
- 48 -
iuia;hla jYfhka .;a l< fulS m%Yak ms<sn| mka;s ldurfha° idlÉPd ls¯u" m%dfhda.sl „ú;hg
iïnkaO ls¯fï ls%hdldrlï ixúOdkh ls¯u ;=<ska ksr®†Iag lD;s flfr® wh≥ïlrejka m%;spdr
jr®Okh lr ms<s;=re iemhSfï yelshdj i;=gq∞hl uÜgulg <Ûd lr.; yels jkq we;'
04 m%Yakh
÷ ;snQ ok t oji
fmr wm ±k we`¢k''''''''
÷ olajd,d Tyqg
w;amd fufy ls¯ug ''''''''''
WodyrK
÷ nuqKq toyi ,;a
nuqKq l=,hl fmr o;a ''''''''
÷ weú†ka oo uy ¨
±l ta l=,ka ksjy ¨ '''''''''
÷ kqfjka wm whe ;s
miq fmh fokag ux ke;s '''''''
Kh ljqre oka fo;s
is,õ fldg ta h<s tflla we;s '''''''
÷ fkd,o;a ta oyi
is≥jQ fihska woyi '''''''
wfmalaIs; ms<s;=r
(i) Y%jH f.dapr rpkd ffY,sh
l;=jrhd úiska jr®Ks; jia;=" wjia:d" is≥ùï yd p˙; ksrEmKhg" Wmfoia °ï wd†hg
fhda.H whq˙ka Y%jH f.dapr ffY,sh fhdod we;'
÷ ir, jels Ndú; lrñka isoaê ksrEmKh
Wod ( ta ksOdkh ish,a,jqkg fmfkk fia W;=rdÆ jeõ †h msg fm/<s fm/<s
Tne fudne †fjhs' iuyr úfgle †fhys .sf,hs bmsf,hs'
÷ l=udrhdf.a YsCId.%yK ld,h .ek lrk úia;rfha§ ;;aiu jpk ñY% NdIdjla
fhdod .ekSu
Wod ( miqj ta l=udrhka ujq l=iska ìysj l%ufhka jeä YsCId.%yKh ld,h
iïm%dma; úh' tl,e fï ,xldoaùmfhys ukqIHfhda ''''''
÷ Wmfoia fok wjia:djg fhda.H jk fia NdIdj fhdod .ekSu
Wod ( tïnd" fï f,daljdiS jQ w{dk i;a;ajfhda úI fkdjk foh úI hhs lsh;s'
ienE ''''''
÷ Or®uh foaYkd lrk wjia:djg .e<fmk .eUqre jpk fhdod .ekSu
Wod ( hfula YS,d† .=K Or®uhkag mru m%;sIaGdOdr jQ '''''
ud;=.du keue;s WolrdlaIiSkaj jdiia:dk jQ ''''''''
b;d ir, wr®:hka we;=<;a §is≥jQ fihska woyi¶ mdvfï W∞yrK i|yd wh≥ïlrejka ;u
yelshdj b†˙m;a l< o iuia;dr®:h ,sùfï ° ≥r®j,;d ±lsh yelsh' ta wkqj fuu mdvï flfr®
wh≥ïlrejkaf.a m%;spdr ≥r®j, uÜgul mj;sk nj wkdjrKh fõ'
tfukau ioaOr®ud,xldr m%Yakh ,sùu b;d wvq u uÜgul mej;Sfuka W;a;frda,sh jia;=fõ
jr®Kkd;aul wjia:djka ;=<ska úia;rd;aulj lreKq b†˙m;a ls¯ug W;aidy fkdf.k we;s
njla fmfka'
wjia:dfjdaÑ; isoaê .e<mSu" f.dmÆ uj" ksOdkh wysñ ldka;dj" ksOdkh ysñ ldka;dj" rcq hk
p˙; flfr® wjOdkh fhduq l< hq;=h' úfYaIfhka W;a;frda,sh jia;=fõ l;didrh" ≥rjfndaO
jpk" wjia:d yd isoaê .; yels wdor®Y" Or®fudamfoaY wd†h ms<sn|j mka;s ldurfha ° wjOdkh
fhduq ls¯ug .=reNj;=ka lghq;= l< hq;= nj wjOdrKh flfr®'
÷ 5"6"7 m%Yakj,ska tllg ms<s;=re ,sùu i|yd fjkajqKq w;r wh≥ïlrejkaf.a wNsu;h m˙†
f;dard .ekSug wjia:dj ysñ ù ;snq◊'
wfmaCIs; W;a;rh
rdiq,acq ndnq„ w;r we;sjk ixjdoj,° ≥mam;alñka mSvdjg m;ajk ñksiaiq ksrEmKh fj;s'
tn≥ wjia:d ;=kla olajd ;sîu m%udKj;ah' fhda.H wjia:d lsysmhla my; ±lafõ'
÷ ≥mam;a ñksfil=g fï f,dafla lsisu yõjrK;a kE ndnq„
÷ ta lshkafka todg wfma f.or fiaru nv.skafka lshk tlhs'
÷ u,dksl lïuq,a u; ;ej¯ ;snqK l=Kq ;Ügqj jqj ''''
÷ ;uqfif.a nvf.äh we;=f< ;sfhk .skaorg lkav fokav ojilg fldÉpr bkaOk
tl;= lrkjo@
÷ uf.a is; ˙ojkafka iQrdlkq ,nk ksr®Ok mka;sfha tll= úiskau ''''
÷ wehs ;uqfig tal u†o@ óg jvd mhsihlaj;a ;uqfig fokak nE'
≥mam;alñka mSvdjg m;aù we;s fun∫ ñksiqka wkqkaf.a lreKdjg md;%úh hq;= nj o
f,aLlhd y`.jhs' tu.ska ≥mam;a wirKhskaf.a udkisl ;;a;ajh fy<s lrhs'
m%Yakh i|yd ,l=Kq ,nd we;s wdldrh fuu m%Yakh fmdf<da l=yrfhka meñ◊ ñksid flá
l;dj weiq˙ka ieliS we;'
wh≥ïlrejkaf.ka 15] muK wvq m%;sY;hla Bg
ms<s;=re imhd ;sìK' tfukau wvq myiq;djhlska
hqla; m%Yakh o ù we;af;a fuu m%Yakhhs' fuys
iuia; myiq;dj 48]ls'
,l=Kq 10la ysñjk fuu m%Yakh i|yd ,nd we;s
,l=Kq .Kkh ls¯fï°
bka ,l=Kq 00-02 w;r m%dka;rh 20]la o
,l=Kq 03-05 w;r m%dka;rh 29]la o
,l=Kq 06-07 w;r m%dka;rh 25]la o
,l=Kq 08-10 w;r m%dka;rh 24]la o
,l=Kq ,nd f.k we;'
kQ;k .oH idys;Hh weiq˙ka fok ,o fulS m˙jr®;k lD;shg wvq m%;p s drhla olajkakg;a
iuia; myiq;dj 48]la ùug;a fya;j = kakg we;af;a m%Odk p˙; ms<ns | j t;rï ie,ls,, a la
fkd±laùuhs' m˙jr®;k lD;shla jqjo ir, nia jyrlska hql;a fuys l:dj ;=<k s a ixlSrK® iudc
.egÆ ms<ns |j wh≥ïlrejkaf.a wjOdkh fhduq lrùu;a" úur®Ykh yd ridiajdoh i|yd fhduq
lrùu;a p˙; flfrys wjOdkh fhduq ls¯fukq;a fuu m%Yk a hg myiqfjka ms<;
s r = e iemhsh yelsj
;sn◊
q ' ksrka;r fmd; m; m˙YS,khg wh≥ïlrejka fhduq lrùfï jev ms<f s j<la lsh% d;aul
l< hq;j= we;'
wfmaCIs; W;a;rh
wjqre≥ iuh úÑ;% f,i jr®Kkd ls¯ug lúhd m˙irfha úúO wxY .ek wjOdkh fhduq lrhs'
i. iajNdj fi!kaor®hh
÷ u,a f.duq .=uq .=uq .kajkakS
ó joj, meKs mqrjkakS ''''
^fmd≥fõ WodyrK ;=kla iys;j ms<s;=re ,shd we;akï ,l=Kq ,nd fokak'&
m%Yakh i|yd ,l=Kq ,nd we;s wdldrh fuu m%Yakh i|yd ms<s;=re ,shQ wh≥ïlrejka .Kk
00-02 43]ls' fuu m%Yakh i|yd ,l=Kq 10la ysñjk w;r
8]
,l=Kq ,ndf.k we;s wdldrh wkqj n,k l,
bka ,l=Kq 00-02 w;r m%dka;rh 8]la o
,l=Kq 03-05 w;r m%dka;rh 13]la o
,l=Kq 06-07 w;r m%dka;rh 30]la o
,l=Kq 08-10 w;r m%dka;rh 49]la o
,l=Kq ,nd f.k we;'
jika; iuh moH mka;sh uq,a lrf.k fm< .eiajqKq fuu m%Yakfhys uOHl myiq;dj jQfha
68]ls' wh≥ïlrejkaf.ka 50]lau 8" 10 w;r m%udKhlska ,l=Kq ,nd.ekSu wfkla m%Yakj,g
jvd idfmaCIj by< m%;sY;hls' 5" 6" 7 m%Yakj,ska jeäu myiq;dj we;s m%Yakh fuh jQ w;r
;j≥rg;a úur®Ykh iy ridiajdokhg fhduq ls¯fuka by< w.hla .kakd idr®:l ms<s;=rlg
fhduq l< yelsh' úfYaIfhkau Y%jH oDYH wdOdrl u.ska riúkaokhg fhduq ls¯fuka idr®:l
m%;sM, <Ûd lr.; yels fjhs'
07 m%Yakh
wfmalaIs; ms<s;=r
÷ ffjoH Ydia;%fhys lsis wvqjla ke;sj fldaá m%dma; ùu
hym;a ffjoHjrfhl=f.a .=Kdx. biau;= jk wdldrh ±lafjk wjia:d
§fï ñksia f,dj kï mQr®jfhys T!IOfhkau ujk ,o jk' T!IO >áldjla jekak'
T!IOhlg fkd.; yels jia;=jla fkd,oafoñ'¶
÷ frda.h
s d ;=< úYajdih we;s ls¯u' ysi recdfjka fmΩKq isgdKka iqjl< yels nj ;rfha u
lSu
÷ ksjer† f,i frda. ksYaph ls¯u
isgdK flfkl=kaf.a YSr®IdndOh - uF:¨x.fydacl mKqjka fofokd ±lSu'
§kqU bi uF:Æx.fydacl kï mKqfjda fofofkla wg.;ay '''¶ ndrdKfihHl isgdKkaf.a
mq;df.a wka;r®.KaG wdndOh
§kqT jykafia nv .eg f.k ;sfnk .=Kfhlaa weoaoehs '''¶
÷ frda.Skag Ok ydks fkdls¯u
isgq foaúhf.a Ysr®IdndO wjia:dj
§f;, recdj ixis∫jd ñi fkdhñ' je,s≥ Ok ydkshl=;a fkdlrñ'¶
÷ uqo,g iïm;aj,g jvd ñksia .=Kdx.j,g .re ls¯u'
§kqU jykafiaf.ka lreKd iïm;a fojd jod< uekj¶
^ksoiqka 3 la b†˙m;a lrñka lreKq ±laùu m%udKj;a h'
.e<fmk fjk;a ksoiqka o ms<s.kak'&
WodyrK i`oyd ,l=Kq 03 hs
iuia; úia;rhg ,l=Kq 07 hs
uqΩ ,l=Kq 10 hs
w'fmd'i'^id'fm<& isxy, NdIdj yd idys;Hh we.hSï jdr®;dj 2013
- 54 -
7 m%Yakhg ms<s;=re iemhSu ms<sn| ks¯CIK yd ks.uk
m%Yakh i|yd ,l=Kq ,nd we;s wdldrh
„jl l:d jia;j = uq,l
a rf.k ieliqKq
m%Yk
a h f;dardf.k we;af;a wh≥ïlrejkaf.ka
34]ls' fuu m%Yka h i|yd ,l=Kq 10la ysñjk
w;r wh≥ïlrejka ,l=Kq ,nd we;s wdldrh
n,k l,"
bka ,l=Kq 00 - 02 m%dka;rfhka 23]la o"
,l=Kq 03 - 05 m%dka;rfhka 30]la o"
,l=Kq 06 - 07 m%dka;rfhka 24]la o"
,l=Kq 08 - 10 m%dka;rfhka 23]la o"
,l=Kq ,ndf.k we;'
fuu m%Yakfhys uOHl myiq;dj 49]ls' mqrd;k .oH idys;Hhg wh;a „jl l:d jia;=fjka
ms<s;=re ,sùug wh≥ïlrejka fhduq fkdùu fya;=fjka ,l=Kq 03-05 w;r m%udKfhka ,l=Kq
,nd.;a wh≥ïlrejka 30]la ùug fya;= ù we;'
p˙; ksrEmKh" l;d idrh" ≥rjfndaOh jpk flfr® wjOdkh fhduq fkdls¯u ksid ms<s;=rej,
widr®:l;ajhg fya;= ù ;sfí'
fuu l;d jia;=fõ ≥rjfndaO jpk rdYshls' f;areï .ekSug wmyiq ;eka fndfydah' tfyhska
fuu mqrd;k .oH l:d jia;= meye†,s ls¯fï° wh≥ïlrejkaf.a úfYaI wjOdkh fhduq lr,Sfï
jev igyka mka;s ldurh ;=< ixúOdkd;aulj ls%hd;aul l< hq;= fõ'
* ms<s;=re iemhSfï° ˚˚˚ m%Yak m;%h ms<sn|j fmd≥fõ n,k l, 1 m%Yakh 2 m%Yakh 3 yd 4 m%Yakh
fukau 5"6"7 hk m%Yakj,° jeäu myiq;dj ,nd.;a m%Yakh jQfha 3 jk m%Yakfha fojk fldgi
jQ jeiai ldjH mka;shhs' tys myiq;dj 76]ls'
4 jk m%Yakfha fojk fldgi iy 6 m%Yakh i|yd myiq;dj 68]la ,ndf.k ;snQ w;r 4 jk
m%Yakfha m<uq fldgi i|yd jQ ldjHfYaLrh i|yd myiq;dj 64]ls' tfukau 3 jk m%Yakfha
m<uq fldgi jQ is˙hdj;S p˙;h i|yd 63]l myiq;dj ,nd.ekSu lemS fmfkhs'
isxy, NdIdj yd idys;Hh m%Yak m;%h foi iuia;hla jYfhka .;a l,ays m%Yak m;% ;=fkys iuia;
myiq;dj n,k l,
˚ m%Yak m;%fhka iuia; myiq;dj 49]ls'
˚˚ m%Yak m;%fhys iuia; myiq;dj 51]ls'
˚˚˚ m%Yak m;%fhys iuia; myiq;dj 58]ls'
* m%Yak m;%fha we;s uQ,sl Wmfoia lshjd fyd¢ka f;areï .; hq;=h' tla tla fldgiska fldmuK
m%Yak ixLHdjlg ms<s;=re iemhsh hq;= o" l=uk m%Yak wksjdr®hh o" fldmuK ld,hla ,efí
o" fldmuK ,l=Kq ,efí o" hk lreKq ms<sn| j ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= w;r m%Yak fyd¢ka
lshjd ksrjq,a wjfndaOhla we;s lrf.k m%Yak f;dard .; hq;=h'
* ˚ jk m;%fha m%Yk
a j,g ms<;
s r
= e iemhSfï° jvd;a ksjer† tla ms<;s r
= la muKla f;dard .;
hq;h
= ' ;jo tla l;sr ,l=Kla muKla fh†h hq;h = ' m%Yk
a ish,a,gu ms<; s r
= e iemhQjd ±hs
iqm¯CIdld¯ úh hq;h= '
* ˚˚ m;%fha yd ˚˚˚ m;%fha m%Yakj,g ms<s;=re iemhSfï° iEu m%Odk m%Yakhlau wÆ;a msgqjlska
wdrïN l< hq;=h'
* ksYaÑ; flá ms<s;=re ,sùug wjYH wjia:dj,° °r®> úia;r we;=<;a fkdls¯u fukau
úia;rd;aul ms<s;=re iemhsh hq;= wjia:dj,° flá ms<s;=re iemhSu o fkdl< hq;=h' w∞<
wjia:dj,° iq≥iq ksoiqka b†˙m;a l< hq;=h'
* ms<s;=re iukaú; úh hq;= jpk ixLHdj ° we;s úg" tu jpk ixLHdjg yels ;rï wdikak
jpk ixLHdjlska hq;= jk fia ms<s;=re ixúOdkh lr .; hq;=h' tfia fkdùu ,l=Kq
wvqfjka ,eîug fya;= úh yels neúks'
úfYaI Wmfoia (
* Ys,amSh olaI;d ^mo fn°u" úrdu ,laIK" f√o w∞< m˙† fjka fldg ;sîu hk wxY&
ms<sn| j úfYaIfhka ie,ls,su;a úh hq;=h'
Ú merKs .oH idys;H mdvï isiqka ,jd lshùu yd lshùfuka wjfndaOh ,nd .ekSug wjia:dj
,efnk m˙† wNHdi ie,iqï l< hq;=h'
Ú rpkd ,sùfï° jHQy.; rpkdjla hkq l=ula ±hs meye†,s lr" w'fmd'i'^id'fm<&
úNd.fha° tjka rpkdjlg ,l=Kq ,efnk ms<sfj< yd ,l=Kq ,nd .ekSug wkq.ukh l<
hq;= l%ufõoh ms<sn|j 10 jk fY%a◊fha° u uÛ fmkaùu l< hq;=h'
Ú jHdlrK b.ekaùfï°" lúh" .S;h yd m%dfhda.sl „ú;h weiq˙ka ksor®Yk imhñka rij;a
bf.kqï-b.ekaùï l%u .=rejreka úiska ksr®udKh lr.; hq;=h'
Ú wCIr úkHdih fndfyda úg jer† f,i Ndú; flfrk jpk f;dard f.k tajd ksjer†j
Ndú; ls¯u i|yd i;;dNHdi l< hq;=h'
Ú ndysr fmd;a m;a lshùug fm,fUk m˙† úIh iu.dó lghq;= ixúOdkh l< hq;=h'
Ú bf.kqï-b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sh ie,iqï ls¯fï° wvq idOk uÜgula iys; isiqka flfrys jeä
wjOdkhla fhduq l< hq;=h'
Ú w;a m;s%ld" rdcld˙ ,sms we;=Ω f,aLk l=i,;d m%jr®Okh i|yd m%dfhda.sl f,aLk w;a±lSï
isiqkg ,nd°ug ls%hd l< hq;=h'
Ú jdr úNd. ,l=Kq mokï lr .ksñka isxy, NdIdj yd idys;Hh úIhh iu;a ùfï ,l=Kq
iSudjg wdikak ù we;s isik
q a i|yd flá ld,Sk m%;l
s drl jev igyka lsh
% d;aul l<
hq;h
= '
ksr®†Iag .%ka: ms<sn|j wfmaCIlhskaf.a wjfndaOh úpdrd;aul yd ;r®ldkql+, ±kqu" NdId «kh"
idys;HdjfndaOh yd riúkaok yelshdj m¯CId flfrk m<uq m%Yakh i|yd wkqfldgia oyhla
we;=<;a fõ' tla wkq m%Yakhl tla fldgilg ,l=Kq 1 ne.ska uqΩ ,l=Kq 20ls'
fojk m%Yakh fhduq jkafka ksr®†Iag .%ka:j, fh¥ NdIdfõ wr®:djfndaOh ms<sn| wfmaCIlhska
i;= ±kqu m¯CId ls¯ughs' fuys° ksr®†Iag mdG y;rla ,ndfok w;r ta mdG y;frys ;o lΩ
jpk wg i|yd jpk j, wre;a ,shd wk;=rej iuia; mdGj, wr®:h ;u niska ,shd ±laùu l<
hq;=h' fï i|yd tla fldgilg ,l=Kq 5 ne.ska ,l=Kq úiails'
3-4 m%Yak ksr®†Iag .%ka: ms<sn| wfmaCIlhskaf.a úYaf,aIKd;aul ±kqu m¯CId ls¯u wfmaCIdjhs'
fuys° §ke;fyd;a¶ hkafkka orejdg úl,am m%Yakhla f;dard .ekSug yelshdj we;'
3" 4 m%Yak foflau fï f,iska úl,am m%Yak f;dard .; yelsh fï i|yd tla m%Yakhlg ,l=Kq
15 ne.ska ,ndfoa'
5" 6" 7 m%Yakj,ska wfmaCIlhskaf.a ms<s;=re iemhsh hq;af;a tllg mu◊' fuu wNsu;dr®:h jkqfha
ksr®†Iag .%ka: wdYs%;j wfmaCIlhska ;=< mj;akd úYaf,aIKd;aul" úpdrd;aul" ;r®ldkql+, oekqu
yd ri{;dj uek ne,Suhs' fï i|yd ,l=Kq 10la fjka lr we;'
3 jk m%Yakh fldgia 2lska iukaú; jQ w;r jeäu myiq;dj 76]la ,ndf.k we;af;a 3 jk
m%Yakfha ˚˚ fldgig fõ' tys ˚ fldgig myiq;dj 63]ls' th 3" 4 m%Yakj, wvqu myiq;djh
fõ'
5" 6" 7 m%Yak wfmaCIl f;dard .ekSfï u; ieliqKls' fuys° jeäu myiq;dj 68] ,ndf.k
we;af;a 6 jk m%Yakhg fõ' ≥Ialru myiq;dj 48]la jQ w;r th 5 jk m%Yakh i|yd ,nd f.k
;snq◊'
iuia;hla f,i ne¨ úg fndfyda wfmaCIlhskaf.a is;a.;a m%Yakh njg m;aj we;af;a §jeiai¶
moH ksr®udKh jQ nj meye†,s jk w;r wvqu myiq;dj ,nd.;a §wmg;a ojil br mdhdf∞a¶ flá
l;dj wdYs%; YsIH reÑl;ajh yd ri úkaokh flfr® we;s uÜgu meye†,s fõ'