Impulse and Momentum

Science 9
Quarter 4- Module 3

Wearetheliving.com.Momentum and Inertia

FLORIDEL L. BARTOLOME
Developer

Department of Education • Cordillera Administrative Region

Schools Division of Kalinga
District of Rizal

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 Published by the
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2020

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 What I need to know!

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help
you understand the relationship of impulse and momentum to collision of objects.
The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations.
The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The
lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order
in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are
now using.

The lesson is about momentum, the change and conservation of momentum and
its relationship to collision.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. define impulse and momentum.
2. solve problems involving impulse and momentum,
3. relate impulse and momentum to collision of objects, and
4. infer that the total momentum before and after collision is equal.

What I Know!

Let us find out how much you already know.

Read and understand the questions and statements below.

A. Choose the letter of the best answer and write it on your answer sheet.

1. A moving bus has momentum. It moves twice as fast, what would be its
momentum?
a. The same
b. Twice as much
c. One half as its original momentum
d. Difficult to determine

2. Which has more momentum, a heavy truck moving 40 km/h or a light truck
moving 40 km/h?
a. heavy truck c. both have the same momentum
b. light truck d. cannot be determined

3. Which of the following best describe impulse?

a. change in velocity c. change in kinetic energy

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 b. change in momentum d. change in potential energy
4. Two motorcycles, one twice as heavy as the other, move down a hill at the
same speed. Compared to the lighter motorcycle, how is the momentum of the
heavier motorcycle?
a. one half c. twice as much
b. the same d. difficult to compare

5. Which is a necessary condition for the total momentum of a system to be

conserved?
a. an object must be at rest.
b. no external force is present.
c. kinetic energy must not change.
d. only the force of gravity acts on the system.

For item number 6 and 7: Two 0.5 Kg balls approach each other with the same
speed of 1.0 m/s.

6. What is the total momentum of the system before collision?

a. 0 b. 0.50 kg m/s c. 1.0 kg m/s d. -1.0 kg m/s

7. If there is no external force acting on the system, what is the total momentum of
the system after collision?
a. 0 b. 0.50 kg m/s c. 1.0 kg m/s d. -1.0 kg m/s

B. Complete the table below by solving the momentum of the given vehicles.

Vehicle Mass (Kg) Speed (m/s) Momentum(kg.m/s)

1. Motorcycle 150 6.0

2. Jeep 750 4.0

3. Bus 1500 6.5

4. Cargo 5000 5.0

truck

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 What’s In!

In the previous module, you have learned about projectile motion. Now,
let’s find out how much did you learned by filling in the missing word/s to
complete the paragraph.

Launched at an Angle

When a projectile is launched at an angle, its velocity has two

components:
1. A constant horizontal velocity that moves in the same direction as the
launch, the acceleration of which is (1) __________; and

2. An upward positive vertical velocity component that is decreasing in

magnitude until it becomes zero at the top of the trajectory, therefore
it no longer goes up any further. But because gravity makes it
accelerate downward at a rate of (2)_________. Therefore it stays at
(3)___________ only for an instant it will start to descend with an
increasing (4)_______________ vertical velocity until its stopped by
something.

So as the projectile moves forward horizontally with uniform velocity,

its vertical velocity is also accelerated creating a trajectory that is a
(5)_______________.

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 What’s New

When two vehicles collide, the force of impact is so great that causes
damage to the vehicles and risks the lives of the passengers. Small impact forces
may only cause dents and slight injuries, but big forces could totally wreck the
vehicles and possibly cause death. Now let us study how large impact forces are
brought about collision.

Study the pictures below and answer the questions that follow.

Picture 1: Vehicular collision Picture 2: karate expert breaking

a pile of brick

Source:Distasiofirmco.com. Head-on-Colission Source: shutterstock.com. Karate Breaking Brick

Picture 3: baseball

Source: Vectorstock.com. Boy Playing baseball

Guide Questions:
Q1. What factors affect the damages on the vehicles?
Q2. How can a person break a pile of bricks?

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Q3. How does a player catch a ball without hurting him?

What is It

Momentum can be defined as “mass in motion”. All objects have mass, so

if an object is moving, then it has momentum- it has the mass in motion. The
amount of momentum that an object has is dependent upon two variables: mass
and velocity.

Source: Onlinemathlearning.com. Momentum

In terms of an equation, the momentum of an object is equal to the mass

of the object times the velocity of the object.

Momentum = mass X velocity

The symbol for the quantity momentum is the lower case p. Thus, the above
equation can be rewritten as

p = m•v

where m is the mass and v is the velocity. The equation illustrates that the
momentum is directly proportional to an object’s mass and velocity. The units for
momentum would be the mass unit (kg) times velocity units (m/s) or kg m/s

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Applying the equation above, let’s take this for example:

Sample Problem 1: . A 0.50 kg bowling ball rolls with a velocity of 3.0 m/s. What
is the momentum of the ball?

Solution Given: 0.50 kg – mass

3.0 m/s – velocity
Unknown – momentum

p= mv p= 0.50 kg X 3.0 m/s = 1.5 kg m/s

Remember this:
Equation to use If you are looking for… Identify the…….

p=mv momentum Mass and Velocity

m=p mass Momentum and velocity

v

v= p velocity Momentum and mass

m

Applying the equations, let’s take this for example:

Sample Problem 2: A skateboard is rolling at a velocity of 5 m/s with a momentum

of 8.0 kg m/s. What is its mass?

Solution: Given: 5 m/s – velocity

8.0 kg m/s- momentum
Unknown – mass

m= p m= 8.0 kg m/s = 1.6 kg

v 5 m/s

Sample Problem 3: A pitcher throws a baseball with a mass of 0.5 kg and a

momentum of 10 kg m/s. What is the velocity of the ball?

Solution: Given: 0.5 kg – mass

10 kg m/s – momentum
Unknown – velocity

v= p v= 10 kg m/s = 20 m/s
m 0.5 kg

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 Impulse (I) is the change in momentum. In physics, the external force acting
on an object over a specific time leads to a change in momentum of an object.

Impulse = force X time

These concepts are an outgrowth of Newton’s Second Law of Motion. It
states that net force is directly proportional to the mass of a body and its
acceleration. In equation form, Force is equal to mass x acceleration or force is
equal to mass x change in velocity divided by time.

F=ma or F= m• v
t
If both sides of the above equation are multiplied by the quantity t, a new
equation results,

F•t = m• v or Ft = p

From the equation, we can see that the product of force and time is
impulse, equals the change in momentum.

It turns out that the same impulse invariably leads to the same change in
momentum. The above equation implies that for a fixed value of the change in
momentum, the impact force is smaller when the impact time is bigger while the
impact force is bigger when the impact time is smaller. A quick jab by a boxer
makes a hard hit. A net, a cushion and corrugated containers all decreases the
impact.

Sports like karate, taekwondo and baseball utilize the concept of follow-
through as an important strategy to obtain a greater momentum. When a tennis
player hits the ball, a follow- through keeps tennis racket in contact with the ball
for a longer time, and so the ball experiences a greater change in momentum for
the same force applied.

Let’s try this example:

Sample Problem 4: A lady tennis player hits a 0.002 kg tennis ball, giving a speed
of 15 m/s. What impulse does she impart to the ball?

Solution: Given: 0.002 kg – mass

15 m/s – velocity
Unknown – impulse

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 Since the tennis ball is initially at rest, the initial velocity is equal to zero.
Thus, Impulse = p = m v

V = 15 m/s – 0 = 15 m/s

I= m v = (0.002 kg) (15 m/s)

= 0.03 kg-m/s or 0.03 N

An external force is required to change the momentum of a body. But action

and reaction forces acting within the body do not affect any change in momentum
of the body. If no external force acts on a body, the momentum of the body will not
change. Thus momentum is conserved.

Consider this for example. A jeepney collides head-on with another jeepney
at rest. The moving jeeney comes to rest and the other jeepney moves with the
speed of the colliding jeepney.

Source: Physics Textbook. Conservation of Momentum p 301

Taking the two jeepneys as a system, the total momentum p of the system
before collision is

p= m1v1 + m2v2
The total momentum p’ of the system after collision is

P’= m1v’1 + m2v’2

If no external force (like friction) acts on the jeepney system, the momentum
of the system is conserved. There is no change in momentum of the system.

Change in momentum = 0

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 Total Initial Momentum = Total Final Momentum
p = p’

Hence, m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1’ + m2v2’

In the case of the jeepneys, m1= m2

So, v1+v2 = v1’ + v2’
And since v2 = 0 and v1’ = 0
V1 = v2’

Let’s try this.

Sample Problem 5: A 0.30 kg cart moves on an air track at 1.2 m/s. It collides with
and sticks to another cart mass 0.50 kg, which was stationary before collision.
What is the velocity of the combined cart after collision?

Solution: Given :

Cart Mass Velocity before

(kg) collision (m/s)
Cart 1 0.30 1.2
Cart 2 0.50 0

Total momentum before collision = Total momentum after collision

(pcart1 + p cart 2) before = ( p cart 1 + p cart 2 ) after
(M1v1)before + 0 = (m1 + m2) v after
(0.30 kg X 1.2 m/s) + 0 = (0.30kg + 0.50 kg)v after
0.36 kg m/s = (0.80 kg) vafte
0.80 kg 0.80 kg
0.45 m/s = vafter

Whatever the nature of a collision or explosion, total momentum before,

during and after the event remains unchanged. This is a very useful concept. It
helps you predict what happens during and after the collision or explosion

What’s More
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 Express your understanding of the impulse momentum change by
answering the following:

A. The diagram below depicts the change in velocity of a 0.15 kg ball..

Source: Physicsclassroom .com. Impulse and Momentum

Q1. Which case has the greatest velocity change? Support your answer.
Q2. Which case has the greatest momentum change? Support your answer.
Q3. Which case has the greatest impulse? Support your answer.

B. The diagram below depicts the speed of the car before and after collision
that undergoes a head-on-collision with a wall. In Case A, the car bounces
off the wall. In Case B, the car crumples up and sticks to the wall.

Source: Physicsclassroom .com. Impulse and Momentum

Q1. In which Case ( A or B) where the change in velocity is greatest? Explain.

Q2. In Which case is the change in momentum is greatest? Explain.
Q3. In which case is the impulse is greatest? Explain.

What I Have Learned!

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True or False: Write the word True if the statement is correct and False if the
statement is wrong. Write your answers in your answer sheet.

1. The force multiplied by the time is known as the impulse.

2. The mass multiplied by velocity is known as the change in momentum.
3. Momentum increases as velocity increases.
4. An object with greater mass has a lesser momentum.
5. Sudden stops impart tremendous forces because the change in speed
happens within a longer time.
6. When a body changes velocity, momentum likewise changes.
7. In collision the impulse is less if massive bodies moving at high speed
suddenly stop.
8. An external force is required to change the momentum of a body.
9. If no external force acts on a body, the momentum of the system is
conserved.
10. Whatever is the nature of the collision, total momentum before, during and
after the event continuously changing.

What I Can Do
Given the following table, solve and fill in the missing data on the table.

Object Mass (kg) Velocity (m/s) Momentum (kg m/s)

1. Bird 0.3 15

2. Rolling ball 0.025 0.5

3. Man 5 365

4. Car 150 6000

5. Dog 12 7

Assessment!

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Let us find out how much you already learned.
Read and understand the questions and statements below. Choose the letter of
the best answers and writes it on your answer sheet.

1.What do you call the quantity of motion of a given body that depends on mass
and velocity?
a. impulse c. impact force
b. momentum d. acceleration

2. What force applied during a given time which gives an object it’s momentum?
a. impulse b. net force
c. external force d. friction

3. Momentum depends on what 2 variables?

a. mass and force c. velocity and force
b. mass and velocity d. velocity and acceleration

4.The change in momentum of the same object depends on what variable?

a. change in mass c. change in velocity
b. change in force d. change in action

5. A moving bus has momentum. It moves twice as fast, what would be its
momentum?
a. The same
b. Twice as much
c. One half as its original momentum
d. Difficult to determine

6. Which of the following best describe impulse?

a. change in velocity c. change in kinetic energy
b. change in momentum d. change in potential energy

7. Which is a necessary condition for the total momentum of a system to be

conserved?
a. an object must be at rest.
b. no external force is present.
c. kinetic energy must not change.
d. only the force of gravity acts on the system.

8. Which has more momentum, a heavy truck moving 40 km/h or a light truck
moving 40 km/h?
a. heavy truck c. both have the same momentum
b. light truck d. cannot be determined

9. Two motorcycles, one twice as heavy as the other, move down a hill at the
same speed. Compared to the lighter motorcycle, how is the momentum of the
heavier motorcycle?
a. one half c. twice as much
b. the same d. difficult to compare

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10.What impulse is experienced by an object?
a. velocity•time c. force•time
b. faorce•velocity d. mass•velocity

11.A 60 kg boy running with a velocity of 1.3m/s. What is the momentum of the
boy?
a. 70 kg m/s b. 73 kg m/s c. 75 kg m/s d. 78 kg m/s

12.A volleyball player approached the ball with a force of 60 N. If he hits the ball
in 0.2 second. How much impulse is imparted to the ball?
a. 10 Ns b. 12 Ns c. 14 Ns d. 16 Ns

13.If a 5 kg object experiences a 5 N force for a duration of 0.10 second, then

what is the momentum change of the object?
a.0.5 Ns b. 10 Ns c. 15 Ns d. 20 Ns

For item number 14 and 15: Two 0.5 Kg balls approach each other with the same
speed of 1.0 m/s.

14. What is the total momentum of the system before collision?

a. 0 b. 0.50 kg m/s c. 1.0 kg m/s d. -1.0 kg m/s

15. If there is no external force acting on the system, what is the total momentum
of the system after collision?
a. 0 b. 0.50 kg m/s c. 1.0 kg m/s d. -1.0 kg m/s

Additional Activities

Make a slogan that promotes road safety to prevent vehicular collision or

accident. You will be guided with the following rubric.

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 Rubric in Making Slogan

4 3 2 1

The slogan is The slogan is The slogan is The slogan is

exceptionally attractive in acceptably distractingly
attractive in terms of attractive messy.
Craftsmanship terms of neatness. though it may
neatness. Good be a bit
Well- construction messy.
constructed and not very
and not messy.
messy.

4 3 2 1

Slogan is Slogan is Slogan is The slogan

Creativity exceptionally creative and creative and does not
creative. A lot good amount some thought reflect any of
of thought of thought was put into creativity.
and effort was was put into
used to make decorating.
a banner.

4 3 2 1

Exceptional Good use of Average use No use of

Originality use of new new ideas of new ideas new ideas
ideas and and originality and and originality
originality to to create originality to to create
create slogan. slogan. create slogan.
slogan.

Answer Key

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References
What I Know What’s In
A. B 1. zero
1. b 1. 900 kg m/s 2. 9.8 m/s2
2. a 2. 3,000kg m/s 3. rest
3. b 3. 9,750 kg m/s 4. negative
4. c 4. 25,000 kg m/s 5. Parabola
5. b
6. a
7. a
What’s New
Q1. Sudden Stop with a very short time which are velocity and time.
Q2. Increase the change in momentum ot reduce the time interval.
Q3. Increase the time interval. The catcher moves his hand backward in the direction of the ball’s motion.
What’s More
A.
Q1. Case B. Velocity changes from 30 m/s East to 28 m/s West. This is a change of 58 m/s West and is
greater than Case A which is 15 m/s West.
Q2. Case B. Momentum depends on velocity change. Case B is greatest as stated in Q1.
Q3. Case B. Impulse is equal to momentum change.
B.
Q1. Case A. The velocity change is 9 m/s West while in Case B is 5 m/s West.
Q2. Case A. The momentum change is dependent upon the velocity change.
Q3. Case A. Impulse is equal to momentum change.
What I Have Learned What I Can Do Assessment
1.True 1. 45 kg m/s 1. b
2.False 2. 20 m/s 2. a
3.True 3. 73 kg 3. b
4.False 4. 40 m/s 4. c
5.False 5. 84 kg/m/s 5. b
6.True 6. b
7.False 7. b
8.True 8. a
9.True 9. c
10.False 10. C
11. d
12. b
13. a
14. a
15. a
Alvarez, Liza A.,et al. Science9.Learner’s Module.Pasig City: Department
of Education. 2015.

Alvarez, Liza A.,et al. Science9.Teacher’s Guide. Pasig City: Department

of Education. 2015.

Bentillo, Eulalia N., et al. Physics. Science and Technology Textbook .Quezon
City:National Institute for Science and Mathematics Education
Development.
2004

Physicsclassroom.com.”Impulse and Momentum” Accessed January 13, 2021.

https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/momentum/Lesson-
1/Momentum-
and-Impulse-Connection

Saint Louis University.Impulse and Momentum. Lecture. Mass Training of

Grade 9 Science Teachers, Department of Education, Baguio City, May 25,
2020.

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education - Schools Division of Kalinga
Bulanao, Tabuk City, Kalinga
Telefax/Website: www.depedkalinga.ph
Email Address: [email protected]

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