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Revised: June 21, 2016 Mars 499 / 4
PHYSICAL DATA (updated 2019-Oct-29):
Vol. mean radius (km) = 3389.92+-0.04 Density (g/cm^3) = 3.933(5+-4)
Mass x10^23 (kg) = 6.4171 Flattening, f = 1/169.779
Volume (x10^10 km^3) = 16.318 Equatorial radius (km)= 3396.19
Sidereal rot. period = 24.622962 hr Sid. rot. rate, rad/s = 0.0000708822
Mean solar day (sol) = 88775.24415 s Polar gravity m/s^2 = 3.758
Core radius (km) = ~1700 Equ. gravity m/s^2 = 3.71
Geometric Albedo = 0.150
GM (km^3/s^2) = 42828.375214 Mass ratio (Sun/Mars) = 3098703.59
GM 1-sigma (km^3/s^2) = +- 0.00028 Mass of atmosphere, kg= ~ 2.5 x 10^16
Mean temperature (K) = 210 Atmos. pressure (bar) = 0.0056
Obliquity to orbit = 25.19 deg Max. angular diam. = 17.9"
Mean sidereal orb per = 1.88081578 y Visual mag. V(1,0) = -1.52
Mean sidereal orb per = 686.98 d Orbital speed, km/s = 24.13
Hill's sphere rad. Rp = 319.8 Escape speed, km/s = 5.027
Perihelion Aphelion Mean
Solar Constant (W/m^2) 717 493 589
Maximum Planetary IR (W/m^2) 470 315 390
Minimum Planetary IR (W/m^2) 30 30 30
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Ephemeris / WWW_USER Sat Aug 3 07:37:44 2024 Pasadena, USA / Horizons
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Target body name: Mars (499) {source: mar097}
Center body name: Earth (399) {source: DE441}
Center-site name: GEOCENTRIC
*******************************************************************************
Start time : A.D. 2024-Aug-03 00:00:00.0000 UT
Stop time : A.D. 2024-Sep-02 00:00:00.0000 UT
Step-size : 1440 minutes
*******************************************************************************
Target pole/equ : IAU_MARS {West-longitude positive}
Target radii : 3396.19, 3396.19, 3376.2 km {Equator_a, b, pole_c}
Center geodetic : 0.0, 0.0, -6378.137 {E-lon(deg),Lat(deg),Alt(km)}
Center cylindric: 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 {E-lon(deg),Dxy(km),Dz(km)}
Center pole/equ : ITRF93 {East-longitude positive}
Center radii : 6378.137, 6378.137, 6356.752 km {Equator_a, b, pole_c}
Target primary : Sun
Vis. interferer : MOON (R_eq= 1737.400) km {source: DE441}
Rel. light bend : Sun {source: DE441}
Rel. lght bnd GM: 1.3271E+11 km^3/s^2
Atmos refraction: NO (AIRLESS)
RA format : HMS
Time format : CAL
Calendar mode : Mixed Julian/Gregorian
EOP file : eop.240802.p241026
EOP coverage : DATA-BASED 1962-JAN-20 TO 2024-AUG-02. PREDICTS-> 2024-OCT-25
Units conversion: 1 au= 149597870.700 km, c= 299792.458 km/s, 1 day= 86400.0 s
Table cut-offs 1: Elevation (-90.0deg=NO ),Airmass (>38.000=NO), Daylight (NO )
Table cut-offs 2: Solar elongation ( 0.0,180.0=NO ),Local Hour Angle( 0.0=NO )
Table cut-offs 3: RA/DEC angular rate ( 0.0=NO )
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Date__(UT)__HR:MN R.A._____(ICRF)_____DEC APmag S-brt delta
deldot S-O-T /r S-T-O Sky_motion Sky_mot_PA RelVel-ANG Lun_Sky_Brt
sky_SNR
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********
$$SOE
2024-Aug-03 00:00 04 27 59.42 +21 11 10.1 0.847 4.311 1.58804395800016
-8.6244831 62.1919 /L 38.8441 1.6808939 79.995538 -14.96711 n.a.
n.a.
2024-Aug-04 00:00 04 30 49.70 +21 18 10.4 0.864 4.334 1.58304869094426
-8.6747064 62.4780 /L 38.9248 1.6765533 80.245772 -15.13290 n.a.
n.a.
2024-Aug-05 00:00 04 33 39.80 +21 24 59.3 0.870 4.347 1.57802441786442
-8.7249289 62.7660 /L 39.0047 1.6721544 80.496657 -15.30087 n.a.
n.a.
2024-Aug-06 00:00 04 36 29.70 +21 31 36.7 0.882 4.365 1.57297114909692
-8.7751197 63.0562 /L 39.0837 1.6677012 80.748118 -15.47098 n.a.
n.a.
2024-Aug-07 00:00 04 39 19.40 +21 38 02.7 0.894 4.383 1.56788890739866
-8.8252661 63.3484 /L 39.1618 1.6631978 81.000082 -15.64322 n.a.
n.a.
2024-Aug-08 00:00 04 42 08.88 +21 44 17.3 0.899 4.395 1.56277771860630
-8.8753694 63.6426 /L 39.2390 1.6586476 81.252482 -15.81760 n.a.
n.a.
2024-Aug-09 00:00 04 44 58.14 +21 50 20.5 0.907 4.410 1.55763760460833
-8.9254413 63.9389 /L 39.3152 1.6540539 81.505254 -15.99413 n.a.
n.a.
2024-Aug-10 00:00 04 47 47.15 +21 56 12.4 0.923 4.432 1.55246857844233
-8.9755005 64.2374 /L 39.3905 1.6494195 81.758335 -16.17287 n.a.
n.a.
2024-Aug-11 00:00 04 50 35.90 +22 01 52.9 0.934 4.450 1.54727064089477
-9.0255705 64.5379 /L 39.4648 1.6447472 82.011664 -16.35387 n.a.
n.a.
2024-Aug-12 00:00 04 53 24.40 +22 07 22.1 0.927 4.450 1.54204377765030
-9.0756801 64.8406 /L 39.5381 1.6400396 82.265184 -16.53718 n.a.
n.a.
2024-Aug-13 00:00 04 56 12.62 +22 12 40.0 0.921 4.451 1.53678795583212
-9.1258654 65.1454 /L 39.6105 1.6352994 82.518838 -16.72289 n.a.
n.a.
2024-Aug-14 00:00 04 59 00.55 +22 17 46.8 0.908 4.445 1.53150311871536
-9.1761738 65.4524 /L 39.6818 1.6305292 82.772572 -16.91109 n.a.
n.a.
2024-Aug-15 00:00 05 01 48.19 +22 22 42.3 0.899 4.443 1.52618917753877
-9.2266698 65.7616 /L 39.7521 1.6257318 83.026337 -17.10190 n.a.
n.a.
2024-Aug-16 00:00 05 04 35.52 +22 27 26.8 0.892 4.443 1.52084599983316
-9.2774412 66.0729 /L 39.8214 1.6209096 83.280088 -17.29549 n.a.
n.a.
2024-Aug-17 00:00 05 07 22.54 +22 32 00.1 0.907 4.465 1.51547339474422
-9.3286028 66.3865 /L 39.8897 1.6160641 83.533787 -17.49210 n.a.
n.a.
2024-Aug-18 00:00 05 10 09.23 +22 36 22.5 0.902 4.467 1.51007109759212
-9.3802944 66.7024 /L 39.9570 1.6111949 83.787402 -17.69202 n.a.
n.a.
2024-Aug-19 00:00 05 12 55.58 +22 40 33.9 0.883 4.455 1.50463875811053
-9.4326698 67.0206 /L 40.0232 1.6062989 84.040903 -17.89562 n.a.
n.a.
2024-Aug-20 00:00 05 15 41.59 +22 44 34.4 0.874 4.454 1.49917593839132
-9.4858742 67.3410 /L 40.0884 1.6013694 84.294263 -18.10327 n.a.
n.a.
2024-Aug-21 00:00 05 18 27.23 +22 48 24.0 0.882 4.470 1.49368212585383
-9.5400160 67.6639 /L 40.1525 1.5963966 84.547449 -18.31536 n.a.
n.a.
2024-Aug-22 00:00 05 21 12.51 +22 52 02.9 0.874 4.469 1.48815676248836
-9.5951408 67.9892 /L 40.2156 1.5913680 84.800412 -18.53216 n.a.
n.a.
2024-Aug-23 00:00 05 23 57.40 +22 55 31.0 0.848 4.452 1.48259928544015
-9.6512193 68.3169 /L 40.2775 1.5862706 85.053090 -18.75385 n.a.
n.a.
2024-Aug-24 00:00 05 26 41.89 +22 58 48.4 0.832 4.443 1.47700916928263
-9.7081536 68.6472 /L 40.3384 1.5810923 85.305399 -18.98048 n.a.
n.a.
2024-Aug-25 00:00 05 29 25.97 +23 01 55.3 0.816 4.434 1.47138596022211
-9.7657977 68.9801 /L 40.3980 1.5758235 85.557242 -19.21198 n.a.
n.a.
2024-Aug-26 00:00 05 32 09.61 +23 04 51.6 0.797 4.424 1.46572929674428
-9.8239821 69.3155 /L 40.4565 1.5704574 85.808511 -19.44822 n.a.
n.a.
2024-Aug-27 00:00 05 34 52.80 +23 07 37.4 0.785 4.420 1.46003891667288
-9.8825352 69.6537 /L 40.5137 1.5649899 86.059094 -19.68901 n.a.
n.a.
2024-Aug-28 00:00 05 37 35.52 +23 10 12.9 0.754 4.397 1.45431465420412
-9.9412963 69.9946 /L 40.5697 1.5594190 86.308879 -19.93419 n.a.
n.a.
2024-Aug-29 00:00 05 40 17.75 +23 12 38.1 0.731 4.383 1.44855643133804 -
10.0001225 70.3383 /L 40.6243 1.5537443 86.557757 -20.18358 n.a.
n.a.
2024-Aug-30 00:00 05 42 59.48 +23 14 53.1 0.734 4.394 1.44276424716214 -
10.0588899 70.6847 /L 40.6776 1.5479665 86.805622 -20.43702 n.a.
n.a.
2024-Aug-31 00:00 05 45 40.68 +23 16 58.1 0.712 4.380 1.43693816694194 -
10.1174930 71.0340 /L 40.7295 1.5420872 87.052375 -20.69440 n.a.
n.a.
2024-Sep-01 00:00 05 48 21.34 +23 18 53.0 0.703 4.379 1.43107831175683 -
10.1758439 71.3862 /L 40.7800 1.5361084 87.297920 -20.95559 n.a.
n.a.
2024-Sep-02 00:00 05 51 01.45 +23 20 38.1 0.690 4.376 1.42518484875390 -
10.2338708 71.7412 /L 40.8290 1.5300324 87.542169 -21.22051 n.a.
n.a.
$$EOE
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Column meaning:
TIME
Times PRIOR to 1962 are UT1, a mean-solar time closely related to the
prior but now-deprecated GMT. Times AFTER 1962 are in UTC, the current
civil or "wall-clock" time-scale. UTC is kept within 0.9 seconds of UT1
using integer leap-seconds for 1972 and later years.
Conversion from the internal Barycentric Dynamical Time (TDB) of solar
system dynamics to the non-uniform civil UT time-scale requested for output
has not been determined for UTC times after the next July or January 1st.
Therefore, the last known leap-second is used as a constant over future
intervals.
Time tags refer to the UT time-scale conversion from TDB on Earth
regardless of observer location within the solar system, although clock
rates may differ due to the local gravity field and no analog to "UT"
may be defined for that location.
Any 'b' symbol in the 1st-column denotes a B.C. date. First-column blank
(" ") denotes an A.D. date.
CALENDAR SYSTEM
Mixed calendar mode was active such that calendar dates after AD 1582-Oct-15
(if any) are in the modern Gregorian system. Dates prior to 1582-Oct-5 (if any)
are in the Julian calendar system, which is automatically extended for dates
prior to its adoption on 45-Jan-1 BC. The Julian calendar is useful for
matching historical dates. The Gregorian calendar more accurately corresponds
to the Earth's orbital motion and seasons. A "Gregorian-only" calendar mode is
available if such physical events are the primary interest.
NOTE: "n.a." in output means quantity "not available" at the print-time.
'R.A._____(ICRF)_____DEC' =
Astrometric right ascension and declination of the target center with
respect to the observing site (coordinate origin) in the reference frame of
the planetary ephemeris (ICRF). Compensated for down-leg light-time delay
aberration.
Units: RA in hours-minutes-seconds of time, HH MM SS.ff{ffff}
DEC in degrees-minutes-seconds of arc, sDD MN SC.f{ffff}
'APmag S-brt' =
The targets' approximate apparent visual magnitude and surface brightness.
For planets and natural satellites, output is restricted to solar phase angles
covered by observational data. Outside the observed phase angle range, "n.a."
may be output to avoid extrapolation beyond the limit of model validity.
For Earth-based observers, the estimated dimming due to atmospheric
absorption (extinction) is available as a separate, requestable quantity.
Surface brightness is the average airless visual magnitude of a
square-arcsecond of the illuminated portion of the apparent disk. It is
computed only if the target radius is known.
Units: MAGNITUDES & MAGNITUDES PER SQUARE ARCSECOND
'delta deldot' =
Apparent range ("delta", light-time aberrated) and range-rate ("delta-dot")
of the target center relative to the observer. A positive "deldot" means the
target center is moving away from the observer, negative indicates movement
toward the observer. Units: AU and KM/S
'S-O-T /r' =
Sun-Observer-Target apparent SOLAR ELONGATION ANGLE seen from the observers'
location at print-time.
The '/r' column provides a code indicating the targets' apparent position
relative to the Sun in the observers' sky, as described below:
Case A: For an observing location on the surface of a rotating body, that
body rotational sense is considered:
/T indicates target TRAILS Sun (evening sky: rises and sets AFTER Sun)
/L indicates target LEADS Sun (morning sky: rises and sets BEFORE Sun)
Case B: For an observing point that does not have a rotational model (such
as a spacecraft), the "leading" and "trailing" condition is defined by the
observers' heliocentric ORBITAL motion:
* If continuing in the observers' current direction of heliocentric
motion would encounter the targets' apparent longitude first, followed
by the Sun's, the target LEADS the Sun as seen by the observer.
* If the Sun's apparent longitude would be encountered first, followed
by the targets', the target TRAILS the Sun.
Two other codes can be output:
/* indicates observer is Sun-centered (undefined)
/? Target is aligned with Sun center (no lead or trail)
The S-O-T solar elongation angle is numerically the minimum separation
angle of the Sun and target in the sky in any direction. It does NOT indicate
the amount of separation in the leading or trailing directions, which would
be defined along the equator of a spherical coordinate system.
Units: DEGREES
'S-T-O' =
The Sun-Target-Observer angle; the interior vertex angle at target center
formed by a vector from the target to the apparent center of the Sun (at
reflection time on the target) and the apparent vector from target to the
observer at print-time. Slightly different from true PHASE ANGLE (requestable
separately) at the few arcsecond level in that it includes stellar aberration
on the down-leg from target to observer. Units: DEGREES
'Sky_motion Sky_mot_PA RelVel-ANG' =
Total apparent angular rate of the target in the plane-of-sky. "Sky_mot_PA"
is the position angle of the target's direction of motion in the plane-of-sky,
measured counter-clockwise from the apparent of-date north pole direction.
"RelVel-ANG" is the flight path angle of the target's relative motion with
respect to the observer's line-of-sight, in the range [-90,+90], where positive
values indicate motion away from the observer, negative values are toward the
observer:
-90 = target is moving directly toward the observer
0 = target is moving at right angles to the observer's line-of-sight
+90 = target is moving directly away from the observer
UNITS: ARCSECONDS/MINUTE, DEGREES, DEGREES
'Lun_Sky_Brt sky_SNR' =
Sky brightness due to moonlight scattered by Earth's atmosphere at the
target's position in the sky. "sky_SNR" is the visual signal-to-noise ratio
(SNR) of the target's surface brightness relative to background sky. Output
only for topocentric Earth observers when both the Moon and target are above
the local horizon and the Sun is in astronomical twilight (or further) below
the horizon, and the target is not the Moon or Sun. If all conditions are
not met, "n.a." is output. Galactic brightness, local sky light-pollution
and weather are NOT considered. Lunar opposition surge is considered. The
value returned is accurate under ideal conditions at the approximately 8-23%
level, so is a useful but not definitive value.
If the target-body radius is also known, "sky_SNR" is output. This is the
approximate visual signal-to-noise ratio of the target's brightness divided
by lunar sky brightness. When sky_SNR < 1, the target is dimmer than the
ideal moonlight-scattering background sky, so unlikely to be detectable at
visual wavelengths. In practice, visibility requires sky_SNR > 1 and a
detector sensitive enough to reach the target's magnitude, even if it isn't
washed out by moonlight. When relating magnitudes and brightness values,
keep in mind their logarithmic relationship m2-m1 = -2.5*log_10(b2/b1).
UNITS: VISUAL MAGNITUDES / ARCSECOND^2, and unitless ratio
Computations by ...
Solar System Dynamics Group, Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System
4800 Oak Grove Drive, Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
General site: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/
Mailing list: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/email_list.html
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Connect : browser https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/app.html#/x
API https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/doc/horizons.html
command-line telnet ssd.jpl.nasa.gov 6775
e-mail/batch https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/hrzn_batch.txt
scripts https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/SCRIPTS
Author :
[email protected]***********************************************************************************
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