TOP 20 SQL INTERVIEW
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
SQL
MosT ASKED INTERVIEWONA
"MasterInterview QnA,Secure yourfuture job."
What is SQL?
Answer: SQL (Structured Query Language) is a
language for managing relational databases,
performing CRUD operations.
2. What are the types of SQL commands?
Answer: DDL (CREATE, ALTER, DROP), DML (INSERT,
UPDATE, DELETE), and DCL (GRANT,REVOKE).
3.What is a primary key?
Answer: A unique identifier for a table record,
ensuring data consistency and integrity.
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4. What is a foreign key?
Answer: A field linking two tables, referencing the
primary key ofanother table.
5. What is a join?
Answer: Combines data from two tables based on a
common column, using INNER, LEFT, RIGHT, or FULL
OUTER joins.
6. What is a subquery?
Answer: A query nested inside another query,
returningdata for further processing.
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7. What is an index?
Answer: Improves query performance by providing
quick access to data, like a book index.
What
8. is a view?
Answer: A virtual table based on a query,simplifying
complex data access.
9.What is a stored procedure?
Answer:A reusable code block performing a specific
task, like a recipe.
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10. How do you optimize a slow query?
Answer: Use indexes, limit results, avoid SELECT *,
and optimize database design.
What
11. is normalization?
Answer: Organizes data to minimize redundancy and
improve data integrity, in 1NE, 2NE, and 3NF forms.
12. How do you handle duplicate records?
Answer: Use DISTINCT,GROUP BY,or eliminate
during data entry.
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13.What is a transaction?
Answer: A sequence ofoperations executed as a single
unit, ensuring atomicity.
14. What are the ACID properties?
Answer: Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and
Durability, ensuring reliable transactions.
15. How do you secure a database?
Answer: Use authentication,access control,
encryption, backups, and secureconnections.
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16. What is data nodeling?
Answer: Represents data structures and relationships,
like a blueprint.
What
17. is denormalization?
Answer: Combines multiple tables for performance
gains, but may lead to data redundancy.
18. How do you troubleshoot SQL errors?
Answer: Check syntax, data types, query logic, and
database constraints.
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19. What isa cursor?
Answer: A temporary result set used for row-by-row
processing.
20. What is a trigger?
Answer: A automaticscript executed on specific
database events, like INSERT or UPDATE.
SQL
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Note:
These questions cover basic SQL concepts,
database design, performance optimization,
security, and troubleshooting.
Raushan Kumar
(@rauskan_ kunat
SQL
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