by Kunal Sir
ORM(Object Relational Mapping)
The Django web framework includes a default object-relational mapping layer
(ORM) that can be used to interact with data from various relational databases such as SQLite,
PostgreSQL, and MySQL. Django allows us to add, delete, modify, and query objects, using an
API called ORM. ORM stands for Object Relational Mapping. An object-relational mapper
provides an object-oriented layer between relational databases and object-oriented
programming languages without having to write SQL queries.
Step 1:- Defining Models
You create Python classes that subclass django.db.models.Model. Each class
represents a database table, and attributes represent fields in the table.
Step 2:- Creating Migrations
Django's migration system allows you to create, apply, and manage changes to your
models and database schema. After defining a model, you create a migration file that captures
these changes:
python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate
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by Kunal Sir
Step 3:- Create interactive console
By using the shell, we can easily test and make changes to a project's models.
Py manage.py shell
Step 4:- To import model from the database
from APPNAME.models import MODELCLASSNAME
Querying the Database:
You can perform database operations using the model classes and methods provided by
Django's ORM.
1. How to get all records from table(Model)
We have a model called Employee. To get all records from model, we will use the
Employee.objects.all().
2. Add new Employee record in Employee Model:
Create a new instance instance = YourModel(name='John', age=25)
instance.save()
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by Kunal Sir
3. Fetch particular record
4. Fetch all record depend on condition
YourModel.objects.filter(condition)
5. Filtering records where salary is greater than 400000
Querying results = YourModel.objects.filter(salary__gt=400000)
6. Delete particular Record
Delete instance = YourModel.objects.get(name='John') instance.delete()
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Karve Nagar, Pune, Maharashtra 411052 , Mobile No.- 8888022204
by Kunal Sir
7. Update Particular Record
Update instance = YourModel.objects.get(fetch record)
instance.name = “update name”
instance.save()
The Django ORM abstracts away many complexities of database interaction, allowing you to
focus on your application's logic. It supports various databases and provides a high level of
flexibility in handling database operations.
Querys
1. objs = MODEL.objects.all()
2. obj = MODEL.objects.get(col=val) -->OBJ
3. objs = MODEL.objects.filter(col=val) -->QS
4. objs = MODEL.objects.exclude(col=val)
5. objs = MODEL.objects.filter(col__lt = val)
6. objs = MODEL.objects.filter(col__gt = val)
7. objs = MODEL.objects.filter(col__lte = val)
8. objs = MODEL.objects.filter(col__gte = val)
9. objs = MODEL.objects.filter(col__startswith = 'val')
10. objs = MODEL.objects.filter(col__endswith = 'val')
11. objs = MODEL.objects.filter(col__contains = 'val')
12. objs = MODEL.objects.order_by('col')
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by Kunal Sir
12. objs = MODEL.objects.order_by('-col')
13. obj = MODEL.objects.create(field1=value1, field2=value2)
1. Manipulating Data: You can update, delete, or retrieve data using ORM methods:
#Update
13. obj = MODEL.objects.get(col=val)
obj.COL = NEWVAL
obj.save()
#Delete
14. obj = MODEL.objects.get(col=val)
obj.delete()
#Insert
15. obj = MODEL(col1=val,col2=val,col3=val..)
obj.save()
OR
obj = MODEL()
obj.col1 = val
obj.col2 = val
obj.col3 = val
obj.save()
Aggregation Funs
from django.db.models import Max,Min,Avg,Sum,Count
16. mx = MODEL.objects.all().aggregate(Max('col'))
17. mi = MODEL.objects.all().aggregate(Min('col'))
18. sm = MODEL.objects.all().aggregate(Sum('col'))
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Karve Nagar, Pune, Maharashtra 411052 , Mobile No.- 8888022204
by Kunal Sir
19. av = MODEL.objects.all().aggregate(Avg('col'))
20. ct = MODEL.objects.all().aggregate(Count('col'))
#And
21. objs = MODEL.objects.filter(condition1 , condition2)
#Or
22. objs = MODEL.objects.filter(condition1) | MODEL.objects.filter(condition2)
from django.db.models import Q
23. objs = MODEL.objects.filter(Q(condition1) | Q(condition2))
a]Student.objects.filter(marks=Student.objects.all().aggregate(mm=Max('marks'))['mm']).first()
b]max_marks = Student.objects.all().aggregate(mm=Max('marks'))['mm']
Student.objects.filter(marks=max_marks).first()
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