Indian Institute of Remote Sensing

Dehradun

Guidelines and Syllabus

Entrance Examination - 2023

A. Guidelines for M.Tech./ M.Sc. Courses: The Entrance Examination having

objective type question papers of 100 marks for M.Tech. and M.Sc. courses shall
be conducted at different centres. The entrance exam will be computer based
(online) on the following topics:
i. M.Tech. Entrance Examination
S. Subjects of Number of Max. Time Examination Date
No. Examination Questions Marks Duration and Time
1. Basic Science 25 25 25 Min. Examination Date:
June 3, 2023
2. Basic Mathematics 25 25 40 Min.
Results
3 General Knowledge, 25 25 30 Min. Declaration: June/
Aptitude Test and July 2023
Reasoning
4. Theme/Specialisation*: 25 25 25 Min. Course Start
a. Agriculture & Soils Date:
b. Forest Resources & August 2, 2023
Ecosystem Analysis
c. Geoinformatics Exam Time:
d. Geosciences 0930 - 1130 hrs.
e. Marine and
Atmospheric Reporting Time:
Sciences 0830 hrs.
f. Natural Hazards &
Disaster Risk
Management
g. Satellite Image
Analysis &
Photogrammetry
h. Urban & Regional
Studies
i. Water Resources
* Candidate has to choose only one Theme/ Specialisation paper for the examination, out
of Nine Themes/Specialisation (Sl. No. 4a to 4i) given above in the table.

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ii. M.Sc. (Geoinformatics) Entrance Examination
S. Subjects of Number of Max. Time Examination
No. Examination Questions Marks Duration Schedule
1. Basic Science 25 25 25 Min. Examination Date:
June 3, 2023
2. Basic Mathematics 25 25 40 Min.
(Afternoon)
General Knowledge, Result Declaration:
3. Aptitude Test and 25 25 30 Min.
June/ July 2023
Reasoning
Course Starting
September 21, 2023
Theme/Specialisation:
25 25 25 Min. Exam Time:
4. 1400 - 1600 hrs.
Geoinformatics
Reporting Time:
1300 hrs.

Please note that:

1. Candidates in the final semester/year of the qualifying degree can also apply under the
“Result Awaited” category. For details, please refer the ‘Instructions for Appearing
Candidates’ under the ‘Important Information’ section given at the end of IIRS Academic
Calendar (https://admissions.iirs.gov.in/documents/AcademicCalendar_2023-24.pdf).
2. TA/DA will not be paid by IIRS for appearing in the Entrance Examination.
3. Candidates have to make their own arrangements for accommodation.
4. IIRS reserves the rights to change the Centres of examination depending on its
availability, no. of candidates or due to any other administrative reasons.
5. Any change, in the dates for entrance examination shall be notified on IIRS website.
6. The decision of Director, IIRS shall be final and binding regarding all issues related to
admissions for various courses.
7. The addresses of the Entrance Examination Centres will be communicated later through
registered Email/ SMS.

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B. Syllabus for M.Tech. (RS & GIS) and M.Sc. (Geoinformatics) Entrance
Examination

1. M.Tech. Entrance Examination

1.1 Basic Science (Common) (25 Marks)

1.1.1 Chemistry
Matter: solid, liquid and gas; change of state - melting (absorption of heat), freezing,
evaporation (cooling by evaporation), condensation, sublimation elements, compounds
and mixtures.
Atoms and molecules, Atomic and molecular masses, valency; Chemical formulae of
common compounds.
Electrons, protons and neutrons; isotopes and isobars.
Chemical equation, types of chemical reactions, Acids, bases and salts, concept of pH
scale; Metals and non-metals; formation and properties of ionic compounds, Carbon
compounds, Covalent bonding in carbon compounds. Periodic classification of elements.
1.1.2 Physics
Distance and displacement, velocity; uniform and non-uniform motion along a straight
line; acceleration, force and motion, Newton’s laws of motion, inertia of a body, inertia
and mass, momentum, force and acceleration. Elementary idea of conservation of
momentum, action and reaction forces. Gravitation; Universal law of gravitation, force of
gravitation of the earth (gravity), acceleration due to gravity; mass and weight; free fall.
Thrust and pressure; Archimedes' principle, buoyancy, elementary idea of relative
density. Work, Power; Sound; Basic principles of optics, Electromagnetic Theory
Different forms of energy, conventional and non-conventional sources of energy: fossil
fuels, solar energy; biogas; wind, water and tidal energy; nuclear energy. Renewable
versus non-renewable sources.
1.2 Basic Mathematics - Part I (Common) (25 Marks)
1.2.1 Number Systems
Real Numbers: Euclid’s division Lemma, Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic, proof of
the results- irrationality of √2, √3, √5 decimal expansions of rational numbers in terms of
terminating/non- terminating recurring decimals.
1.2.2 Algebra
Polynomials: Zeros of a polynomial. Relationship between zeros and coefficients of
quadratic polynomials. Statement and simple problems on division algorithm for
polynomials with real coefficients.
Pair of linear equations in two variables: Pair of linear equations in two variables and their
graphical solution. Geometric representation of different possibilities of
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solutions/inconsistency. Algebraic conditions for number of solutions. Solution of pair of
linear equations in two variables algebraically – by substitution, by elimination and by
cross-multiplication. Simple problems on equations reducible to linear equations.
Quadratic equations: Standard form of a quadratic equation 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0, (𝑎 ≠ 0).
Solution of the quadratic equations (only real roots) by factorization, by completing the
square and by using quadratic formula. Relationship between discriminant and nature of
roots.
Arithmetic progressions: General form of arithmetic progression (AP), finite and infinite
AP, common difference, derivation of standard results of finding the nth term and
summation of n terms of AP.
1.2.3 Trigonometry
Introduction to trigonometry: Trigonometry ratios of an acute angle of a right-angled
triangle. Proof of their existence; Values of the trigonometric ratios of 30°, 45°, 60° and
90°. Relationships between the ratios.
Trigonometric identities: Proof and applications of the trigonometric identities
(e.g. (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴)2 + (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴)2 = 1). Trigonometric ratios of complementary angles.
Heights and distances: Simple and believable problems on heights and distances.
1.2.4 Coordinate Geometry
Lines (2-Dimensions): Concepts of coordinate geometry including graphs of linear
equations. Geometrical representation of quadratic polynomials. Distance between two
points and section formula (internal). Area of triangle.
1.2.5 Geometry
Triangles: Definitions, examples, counter examples of similar triangles, properties of
triangles (proof and application).
Circles: Definition of tangent to a circle, properties of the tangents drawn to a circle from
a point (proof and application).
1.2.6 Mensuration
Areas related to circles: The area of a circle; area of sectors and segment of a circle.
Problems based on areas and perimeter/circumference of the simple figures such
as triangles, simple quadrilaterals and circles.
Surface areas and volumes: Problems on finding surface areas and volumes of
combinations of the following: cubes, cuboids, spheres, hemispheres and right circular
cylinders/cones. Frustum of the cone. Problems involving conversion of one type of
metallic solid into another and other mixed problems.

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1.2.7 Statistics and Probability
Statistics: Mean, median and mode of a ungrouped/grouped data, SD, Correlation,
Regression Cumulative frequency graph.
Probability: Simple problems of single events on classical definition of probability.
1.3 General Knowledge, Aptitude test and Reasoning (Common) (25 marks)
Current and past events, aptitude and reasoning.
1.4 Optional Themes –. (Choose any one of the options) (25 marks)
[M.Tech. students to choose one of the optional theme/ specialisation;
M.Sc. Geoinformatics students have to choose only Geoinformatics theme]

1.4.1 Agriculture and Soils

Agronomy & Crop Science: Introduction and importance of agriculture in India, factors
affecting crop production, classification and groups of crops, major crops of India,
agronomic practices, tillage & mulching, Intensive Cropping, Cropping Patterns and
Cropping Systems, crop nutrition, crop planning, raising field crops in multiple cropping
systems, crop combination and diversification, crop combination regions and agricultural
development, Classification of essential Element, manures and fertilizers, nutrient use
efficiency, nutrient Deficiency Symptoms, factors affecting manures and fertilizers use,
Integrated nutrient management, Irrigation efficiency and water use efficiency,
consumptive use of water, crop water relations–physiological importance of water to
plants, principles and practices of rainfed agriculture and watershed management,
Drought, definition and types of drought, classification and distribution of dry land,
regional pattern of crop productivity in India, agriculture land use pattern, land use policy
and planning, sustainable agriculture, Input management for sustainable Agricultural
Systems.
Soil Science: Pedological concepts, soil as a natural body, rocks and minerals,
weathering, soil formation factors and processes, components of soils, geological
structures and landforms, geomorphic processes, physiographic units, soil profile, soil
fertility, factors affecting soil fertility, nutrient elements in plant nutrition – sources and
classification, soil physical and chemical properties, soil textural classes, soil water
retention, movement of soil water, infiltration, percolation, hydraulic conductivity,
permeability, classification of manures and fertilizers and green manuring, soil survey and
USDA Soil classification, Land Capability Classification, saline-alkali soils, acid soils,
soils of India and their potential and problem, land reclamation, Soils of India.
Agricultural Meteorology: Introduction, weather and climate, weather elements, agro
metrological observatory & instrumentations, measurement of weather parameters,
climatic factors, plant response to environment, concept of water balance-calculation of
water balance and determination of climatic type, Earth’s atmosphere, composition and
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structure of atmosphere, cyclones, anticyclones and general circulation system of earth,
solar radiation – nature and properties, factors affecting solar radiation, radiation and
energy balance, cloud & its type, cloud classification, process of cloud formation,
precipitation, types of precipitation, rainfall, air pressure, atmospheric moisture, soil
temperature, types of monsoon, agricultural seasons, index of aridity, drought and its
classification, agro climatic zones of India, Climatic classification and agro climates, crop
& weather relationship, growing degree days, cardinal temperatures of crops, weather
needs for major crops, weather in the incidence of pests & diseases, weather forecasting
and its type, crop modelling and its applications, global warming – indicator, agent and
causes, climate change and its impact on agriculture.
Soil & Water Conservation: Basics of soil hydrology, concept of watershed,
geomorphology of watersheds - stream number, stream length, stream area, stream
slope, drainage basin analysis, delineation of basins- subdivisions-stream ordering
system, bifurcation ratio, drainage density, runoff - factors affecting, runoff measuring
structures, introduction to watershed management and planning, soil erosion - causes,
types and agents of soil erosion; soil loss estimation - universal soil loss equation, soil
erosion control structures, agronomical soil conservation methods, water harvesting
techniques, wind erosion, wind erosion control measures, water quality and pollution.
1.4.2 Forest Resources & Ecosystem Analysis
Forest Mapping and Monitoring: Forest types of India; Vegetation of the world; Species
invasion; Forest disease.
Forest Inventory and Informatics: Forest inventory; Forest sampling; Estimation of
volume, growth and yield; Statistical data analysis; Growing stock and biomass
assessment; Protected areas, Corridors; Kyoto protocol, NATCOM, REDD, REDD+,
Clean Development Mechanism (CDM); Forest, environment and biodiversity legislation;
Biodiversity; Forest fire.
Ecology/Ecosystem Analysis: Forest ecosystems principles and concepts; Structural
components; Functional analysis; Biogeochemical cycles; Carbon pools and fluxes
assessment; Forest ecosystem and climate change; Climate change impacts on forests
and biodiversity; Environmental impact assessment and monitoring; Environmental
policy and strategy; Environmental monitoring; Agenda-21 and sustainable development
planning; Millennium ecosystem assessment.
1.4.3 Geoinformatics
1.4.3.1 Maths (Part - II)
Sets and Functions
Sets: Sets and their representations, empty set, finite & infinite sets, subsets, subsets of
the set of real numbers especially intervals (with notations). Power set, universal set,
Venn diagrams, union and intersection of sets, difference of sets, complement of a set.

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Relations & Functions: Ordered pairs, Cartesian product of sets, number of elements
in the Cartesian product of two finite sets. Cartesian product of the reals with itself (unto
R x R x R), definition of relation, pictorial diagrams, domain, co-domain and range of a
relation, function as a special kind of relation from one set to another, pictorial
representation of a function, domain, co- domain & range of a function, real valued
function of the real variable, domain and range of these functions, constant identity,
polynomial, rational, modulus, signum and greatest integer functions with their graphs,
Sum, difference, product and quotients of functions.
Types of relations: reflexive, symmetric, transitive and equivalence relations. One to one
and onto functions, composite functions, inverse of a function. Binary operations.
Trigonometric Functions: Positive and negative angles, measuring angles in radians &
in degrees and conversion from one measure to another. Definition of trigonometric
functions with the help of unit circle. Signs of trigonometric functions and sketch of their
graphs. Expressing sin (x+y) and cos (x+y) in terms of sin x, sin y, cos x & cos y. Identities
related to sin 2x, cos2x, tan 2x, sin3x, cos3x and tan3x. General solution of trigonometric
equations of the type sinθ = sin α, cosθ = cos α and tanθ= tan α.
Inverse Trigonometric Functions: Definition, range, domain, principal value branches.
Graphs of inverse trigonometric functions. Elementary properties of inverse trigonometric
functions.
Algebra
Principle of Mathematical Induction: Processes of the proof by induction, motivating t
h e application of the method by looking at natural numbers as the least inductive subset
of real numbers. The principle of mathematical induction and simple applications.
Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations: Need for complex numbers,
especially√1, to be motivated by inability to solve every quadratic equation, Brief
description of algebraic properties of complex numbers, Argand plane and polar
representation of complex numbers. Statement of fundamental theorem of algebra,
solution of quadratic equations in the complex number system.
Linear Inequalities: Linear inequalities. Algebraic solutions of linear inequalities in one
variable and their representation on the number line. Graphical solution of linear
inequalities in two variables. Solution of system of linear inequalities in two variables-
graphically.
Permutations & Combinations: Fundamental principle of counting. Factorial n (n!).
Permutations and combinations, derivation of formulae and their connections, simple
applications.
Binomial Theorem: History, statement and proof of the binomial theorem for positive
integral indices. Pascal's triangle, General and middle term in binomial expansion, simple
applications.

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Sequence and Series: Sequence and Series. Arithmetic progression (A.P.), arithmetic
mean (A.M.), Geometric progression (G.P.), general term of a G.P., sum of n terms of a
G.P., geometric mean (G.M.), relation between A.M. and G.M. Sum to n terms of the
special series.
Matrices: Concept, notation, order, equality, types of matrices, zero matrix, transpose of
a matrix, symmetric and skew symmetric matrices. Addition, multiplication and scalar
multiplication of matrices, simple properties of addition, multiplication and scalar
multiplication. Non-commutativity of multiplication of matrices and existence of non-zero
matrices whose product is the zero matrix (restrict to square matrices of order 2). Concept
of elementary row and column operations. Invertible matrices and proof of the uniqueness
of inverse, if it exists; (Here all matrices will have real entries).
Determinants: Determinant of a square matrix (up to 3 x 3 matrices), properties of
determinants, minors, cofactors and applications of determinants in finding the area of a
triangle. Adjoint and inverse of a square matrix. Consistency, inconsistency and number
of solutions of system of linear equations by examples, solving system of linear equations
in two or three variables (having unique solution) using inverse of a matrix.
Coordinate Geometry
Straight Lines: Slope of a line and angle between two lines. Various forms of equations
of a line: parallel to axes, point-slope form, slope-intercept form, two-point form, intercept
form and normal form. General equation of a line. Distance of a point from a line.
Conic Sections: Sections of a cone: circle, ellipse, parabola, hyperbola, a point, a
straight line and pair of intersecting lines as a degenerated case of a conic section.
Standard equations and simple properties of parabola, ellipse and hyperbola. Standard
equation of a circle.
Three-dimensional Geometry: Coordinate axes and coordinate planes in three
dimensions. Coordinates of a point. Distance between two points and section formula.
Direction cosines and direction ratios of a line, equation of a line in space, angle between
(i) two lines, (ii) two planes. (iii) a line and a plane, shortest distance between two lines,
Co-planarity of two lines, distance of a point from a plane.
Vectors: Vectors and scalars, magnitude and direction of a vector, direction
cosines/ratios of vectors. Types of vectors (equal, unit, zero, parallel and collinear
vectors), position vector of a point, negative of a vector, additions and subtractions of
vectors, multiplication of a vector by a scalar, position vector of a point dividing a line
segment in a given ratio, scalar and vector products of vectors, projection of a vector on
a line, scalar triple product of vectors.
Calculus
Introduction to Limits and Derivatives: Derivative introduced as rate of change both
as that of distance function and geometrically, intuitive idea of limit. Definition of

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derivative, relate it to slope of tangent of the curve, derivative of sum, difference, product
and quotient of functions. Derivatives of polynomial and trigonometric functions.
Continuity and Differentiability: Continuity and differentiability, derivative of
composite functions, chain rule, derivatives of inverse trigonometric functions, derivative
of implicit functions. Concept of exponential and logarithmic functions. Derivatives of
logarithmic and exponential functions, logarithmic differentiation, derivative of functions
expressed in parametric forms. Second order derivatives. Rolle’s and Lagrange’s Mean
Value Theorems (without proof) and their geometric interpretation.
Applications of Derivatives: Applications of derivatives, rate of change of
bodies, increasing/decreasing functions, tangents and normal, use of derivatives in
approximation, maxima and minima (first derivative test motivated geometrically and
second derivative test given as a provable tool), Simple problems (that illustrate basic
principles and understanding of the subject as well as real-life situations).
Integrals: Integration as inverse process of differentiation, Integration of a variety of
functions by substitution, by partial fractions and by parts, simple integrals of the following
type to be evaluated. Definite integrals as a limit of a sum, fundamental theorem of
Calculus (without proof), Basic properties of definite integrals and evaluation of definite
integrals.
Applications of the Integrals: Applications in finding the area under simple curves,
especial lines, circles/parabolas/ellipses, area between the two above said curves.
Differential Equations: Definition, order and degree, general and particular solutions of
a differential equation. Formation of differential equation whose general solution is given.
Solution of differential equations by method of separation of variables, homogeneous
differential equations of first order and first degree. Solutions of linear differential
equations.
Mathematical Reasoning
Mathematical Reasoning: Mathematically acceptable statements. Connecting words/
phrases - consolidating the understanding of "if and only if (necessary and sufficient)
condition", "implies", "and/or", “implied by” "and", "or", "there exists" and their use through
a variety of examples related to real life and Mathematics. Validating the statements
involving the connecting words-difference between contradiction, converse and
contrapositive.
Statistics & Probability
Statistics: Measures of dispersion; mean deviation, variance and standard deviation of
ungrouped/grouped data. Analysis of frequency distributions with equal means but
different variances.
Probability: Random experiments: outcomes, sample spaces (set representation).
Events: occurrence of events, 'not', 'and' and 'or' events, exhaustive events, mutually
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exclusive events. Axiomatic (set theoretic) probability, connections with the theories of
earlier classes. Probability of an event, probability of 'not', 'and' & 'or' events.
Conditional probability, multiplication theorem on probability, independent events, total
probability, Bayes’ theorem, random variables and its probability distributions, means and
variance of random variable, repeated independent (Bernoulli) trials and Binomial
distributions.
Linear Programming
Constraints, objective function, optimization, different types of Linear Programming
Problems (LPPs) and its Mathematical Formulation of LPPs, graphical method of solution
for problems in two variables, feasible and infeasible regions, feasible and infeasible
solutions, optimal feasible solutions (up to three non-trivial constraints).
1.4.3.2. Physics (Part - II)
Units of measurement, Dimensions of physical quantities, Scalar and vector quantities,
Laws of Motion, Elastic behaviour, Stress-strain relationship, Thermal equilibrium, Laws
of thermodynamics, Kinetic theory of gases, Periodic motion, Resonance, Doppler effect,
Electric Charges, Coulomb’s law, Electric field, Electric potential, Electric current,
Ohm’s law, Electrical resistance, Carbon resistors, color code for carbon resistors,
series and parallel combinations of resistors; Concept of magnetic field, Ampere’s law,
Magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment, Torque, Electromagnetic waves and
their characteristics, Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared,
visible, ultraviolet, X rays, gamma rays) including elementary facts about their uses,
Reflection of light, Refraction of light, Total internal reflection, lenses, Magnification,
Power of a lens, Dispersion, Scattering of light, Wave optics, Resolving power, Dual
nature of radiation, de Broglie relation, Radioactivity, Mass-energy relation, Nuclear
fission and fusion, Semiconductors, Logic gates (OR, AND, NOT, NAND and NOR).
1.4.3.3 Chemistry (Part - II)
Classification of solids based on different binding forces: molecular, ionic, covalent and
metallic solids, amorphous and crystalline solids, electronic configuration of elements,
oxidation states, Coordination compounds, coordination number, Bonding, Organic
and non-organic compounds, Polymers, Properties of metals and non-metals,
Reactivity series, Basic metallurgical processes, corrosion and its prevention,
Difference between saturated hydrocarbons and unsaturated hydrocarbons, Soaps
and detergents.
1.4.3.4 Computer Fundamentals
Fundamentals of computer and its operation, general abbreviations and terminologies.
Data types, Logic functions, Number representation and computer arithmetic (fixed and
floating point). Types of software’s, operating system fundamentals. Databases, types

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of databases, file structure. Fundamentals of Computer Networks. Basic concepts of
TCP/IP Protocol, hubs, switches and routers. Basics of web technologies.
1.4.4 Geosciences
Geomorphology and Photo geology/Remote Sensing: Basic principles; Weathering
and soils; Mass wasting; Geomorphology of fluvial tracts, arid zones, coastal regions,
'Karst' landscape and glaciated ranges; Geomorphic mapping, slope analysis, and
drainage basin analysis; Applications of geomorphology in mineral prospecting; civil
engineering and environmental studies; Topographical maps; Geomorphology of India;
Fundamentals of geological interpretation of aerial photographs and satellite images.
Structural Geology: Principles of geological mapping and map reading, Structural
analysis of folds, cleavages, lineations, joints and faults; Superposed deformation;
Mechanism of folding and faulting; active tectonics; and Unconformities
Geo-tectonics: Earth and the solar system; Planetary evolution of the earth and its
internal structure; Heterogeneity of the earth's crust; Major tectonic features of the
Oceanic and Continental crust; Sea floor spreading and plate tectonics; Isostasy, orogeny
and epeirogeny; Seismic belts of the earth; Seismicity and plate movements;
Geodynamics of Indian plate
Stratigraphy: Geological time scale; Precambrian stratigraphy of India; Stratigraphy of
Palaeozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic formations of India; Gondwana system and
Gondwanaland; Rise of the Himalaya and evolution of Siwalik basin; Deccan Volcanics;
Quaternary Stratigraphy.
Mineralogy: Physical, chemical and crystallographic characteristics of common rock
forming silicate mineral groups.
Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology: Forms, textures and structures of igneous rocks;
Textures and structures of metamorphic rocks; Characteristics of different grades and
facies of metamorphism.
Sedimentology: Sedimentary rocks, Sedimentary textures; Sedimentary environment
and facies; Tectonics and sedimentation; Classification and definition of sedimentary
basins; Sedimentary basins of India; Purpose and scope of basin analysis.
Environmental Geology: Concepts and principles; Natural hazards - preventive/
precautionary measures - landslides, earthquakes, river and coastal erosion; Impact
assessment of anthropogenic activities such as open cast mining and quarrying, river
valley projects, disposal of industrial and radio-active waste, dumping of ores, mine waste
and fly-ash.
Economic Geology: Occurrence and distribution in India of metalliferous deposits - base
metals, iron, manganese, aluminum, chromium, nickel, gold, silver, Indian deposits
of non-metals - mica, asbestos, barite, gypsum, granite, graphite, apatite, beryl;

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Gemstones, refractory minerals, limestone; Building stones; Phosphorite deposits; Placer
deposits, rare earth minerals; India's status in mineral production.
Engineering Geology: Mechanical properties of rocks and soils; Geological
investigations for river valley projects - Dams and reservoirs; tunnels - type, methods
and problems; Landslides - classification, causes and prevention; Concrete aggregates
– sources.
Groundwater Geology : Subsurface movement and vertical distribution of groundwater;
Springs; Classification of aquifers; Concepts of drainage basin and groundwater
basin; Hydrological properties of rocks - specific yield, specific retention, porosity,
hydraulic conductivity, transmissivity, storage coefficient; Water table fluctuations -
causative factors; Classification of rocks with respect to their water bearing
characteristics; Ground water quality; ground water recharge/artificial recharge.
Geology of the Moon and the Mars; Indian Planetary Missions.
1.4.5 Marine and Atmospheric Sciences
Atmosphere Dynamics: Atmospheric structure and composition; atmospheric
temperature, pressure, humidity, and variation with altitude, lapse rate, interaction of
electromagnetic radiation (EMR) with atmosphere: scattering, absorption, emission,
reflection and transmission; greenhouse gases and their role in atmospheric temperature,
Hydrostatic equation, Coriolis Effect, atmospheric general circulation.
Meteorology: Fundamental radiometric quantities, Planck’s Law, Lambert Beer’s law,
black body radiation, boundary layer, Solar energy, Earth radiation budget, atmospheric
heat transfer, condensation, clouds, and precipitation, weather instrumentation, weather
and climate, air pollution
Oceanography: Fundamental physics of ocean, Ocean structure and composition;
ocean circulation, waves, currents, tides; salinity & temperature variation with depth;
classification of ocean water.
Coastal Processes and Marine Ecology: Classification of coasts, primary coasts,
secondary coasts, coasts formed by biological activity; beaches, beach scarp, berm, sand
spit, sea cave, sea cliff, delta; landforms due to erosional and depositional activities.
Climate change and sea level rise. Coastal disasters like tsunami, cyclone, storm surge
etc. Mangroves, corals and sea grasses.

1.4.6 Natural Hazards & Disaster Risk Management

Basics of Natural Hazards and Disaster Risk Management
Definitions of Natural Disasters and Manmade disasters; Various types of Natural
disasters and their basic understanding (Floods, Earthquakes, landslides, Tsunamis,
Cyclones, droughts etc.); Disaster management framework of India and recent initiatives
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by Govt. of India such as National Disaster Management Act, and Disaster Management
Institutions in India – NDMA, NIDM, International Initiatives in the field of Disaster
Management – Sendai Framework.
Geological Hazards
Geomorphology of India – Indian Mountain ranges, deserts, coast line, rivers and river
plains, plateaus and islands; Internal structure of earth; Seismic belts of the earth; Seismic
hazard zones of India; Landslides – Causes and consequences; Earthquakes – causes,
consequences and precautionary measures; Volcanoes – Types and consequences.
Hydrological-meteorological and coastal Hazards
Concepts of hydrology, hydrological Cycle, watershed & its characteristics, flood
hydrology, flood hazards, Basic concepts related to droughts, Types of droughts and their
impacts, soil erosion, coastal morphology and processes, tropical cyclones, tsunami,
climate change.
Environment and Ecology
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Climate change impacts on forests
and biodiversity, Biogeochemical cycles (Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus),
Environmental impact assessment and monitoring, Sustainable development planning,
Millennium ecosystem assessment, protected areas, Wildlife and ecological corridors,
disease and epidemic, Forest fires.
Drought and Atmospheric Science
Composition and structure of atmosphere, temperature and pressure variation with
altitude, interaction of EMR with atmosphere, basic laws of solar radiation, scattering,
absorption, Beer Lambert’s law. General circulation system of earth (Atmospheric
circulation), air pollution, Global warming: indicators, greenhouse gases, atmospheric
greenhouse effect.
1.4.7 Satellite Imagery Analysis & Photogrammetry
Note: Same syllabus as of 1.4.3 (i.e. Geoinformatics)
1.4.8 Urban and Regional Studies
Urban and Regional Planning Concepts
Urban and Regional Planning Models, Land use models, Concept and definition of Master
Plan, Development Plan, Structure Plan etc., various concepts in urban planning, various
criteria of delineation of a region in India, Concept of Smart cities, Atal Mission for
Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT) and Swatch Bharat mission. Concept
of Green cities and energy efficient cities.

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Urbanization and Population
Urbanization in India, Census classification of urban areas, Definition of urban area,
trends in urban population, Urban sprawl: causes and effects, sub-urban development,
types of urban structures, New Towns. Population trend in India, types of urban densities,
migration, land-man ratio, household size.
Urban Survey and Urban Land Use
Different types of urban maps, various scales of urban maps, Types of Maps published
by Survey of India, scales of statistical measurements, Purpose of sample survey, Human
Geography. Definition of land use, various techniques of land use survey, use of land use
maps and cadastral maps in urban planning, Effect of land use on land values and related
activities.
Housing and Infrastructure
Housing situation in India, Demand and supply, Causes of formation of slums, impact of
slums on urban facilities and environment, various urban improvement schemes of
Government of India, 74th Constitutional Amendment Act. Solid waste management in
India, Various waste disposal techniques, Various types of urban pollutions, Effect
of pollution on urban environment, concept of green spaces, impact of urbanization
on urban hydrology. Classification of urban roads, types of parking, various types of
road and traffic surveys.
1.4.9 Water Resources
Basic Hydrology
Concept of Hydrology, Hydrological Cycle, Water Budget of India, Element of
Hydrological cycle: Rainfall, interception, infiltration, Soil Moisture, Evapotranspiration
etc. Measurement/estimation of elements of hydrological cycle.
Rainfall-Runoff and Stream Flow
Types of precipitation, rainfall measurement and statistical analysis of rainfall data,
interpolation of point rainfall data, Runoff generation process, methods/models to
estimate runoff from a watershed, type of rainfall-runoff models and their limitations,
different stream flow (velocity) measurement techniques, stage-discharge relationship in
stream flow measurement, concept of hydrograph, components of hydrograph, unit
hydrograph theory, derivation and conversion of unit hydrograph,
application of hydrograph in watershed hydrology, Synthetic Unit Hydrograph,
concepts of Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph, basics of open channel hydraulics
Watershed Hydrology
Concept of watershed, watershed delineation, watershed characteristics, Morphology of
watershed, effect of watershed characteristics on runoff response of watershed,
rainfall-runoff-soil erosion process in watershed, concepts of soil erosion, agents of soil
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erosion, type of soil erosion, soil erosion and sediment yield modelling, concept of water
conservation, measures for watershed conservation, rain water harvesting.
Hydro-meteorological Disasters
Concepts of floods, flood analysis using stream flow data, data requirement for flood
frequency analysis, flood frequency analysis, different methods of flood discharge
estimation (rational, empirical, unit hydrograph etc.) Basics of flood routing, concept of
flood attenuation, different techniques of flood routing, flood control works, Drought and
its classification.
Irrigation and Drainage
Types of irrigation system, different efficiencies in irrigation system, basics of soil
mechanics (porosity, saturation, field capacity, type soil water, etc.), crop water
requirement, Irrigation water requirement, infiltration, seepage, basic concepts of ground
water, type of saturated formations, types of aquifer, aquifer properties, basics of
governing equations of ground water flow for different aquifer conditions, groundwater
pumping and recharge.

2. M.Sc. - Geoinformatics Entrance Examination

2.1 Basic Science (25 Marks)
Same syllabus as of 1.1
2.2 Basic Mathematics (25 Marks)
Same syllabus as of 1.2
2.3 General Knowledge, Aptitude test and Reasoning (25 Marks)
Current and past events, aptitude and reasoning
2.4 Geoinformatics (25 Marks)
Same syllabus as of 1.4.3 (i.e. Geoinformatics)

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