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QIS College of 27.06.2024
Engineering and
Technology
(Autonomous)
Directorate
Literature of Project
Survey Summary
Skilling and Research
Project Title An AI and NLP Driven Disease Prediction System for Cattles.
Batch Number 11
Domain DAIRY FARMING
Roll No & Name of 21491A05E4 Sai Krishna Challa
the student
21491A05D3 K. Sai Keerthi
21491A05E6 T. Ashok
21491A05D8 T. Durga Prasad
21491A05D2 Ch. R. Narasimha
21491A05F3 P. Ekitha
Mentor Name Dr. Sk . Karthika
Mentor Signature
Paper 1: Early detection of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis with artificial intelligence.
Authors: Shekhar Gupta, Larry A. Kuehn & Michael L. Clawson
Journal: SPRINGER
Year: 2024
Summary:
Artificial intelligence (AI) is being developed to aid in early disease detection in cattle. This
technology has shown promise in identifying infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis
(IBK)through muzzle pattern recognition. In a study, AI successfully identified nearly all IBK
cases before veterinarians, demonstrating its potential as a valuable tool for preventing
outbreaks.
Paper 2: Eukaryotic Infections in Dairy Calves: Impacts, Diagnosis, and Stategies for
Prevention and Control.
Authors: Dereje Tulu Robi, Tesfa Mossie & Shiferaw Temteme
Journal: TAYLOR & FRANCIS
Year: 2023
Summary:
Dairy calves are susceptible to various internal infections caused by fungi and parasites.
Fungal infections like Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans can cause respiratory and
gut problems. Parasites like Giardia, Cryptosporidium, and Eimeria lead to diarrhea, stunted
growth, and coccidiosis. Additionally, helminth parasites like Ostertagia and Fasciola affect
calf health and milk production. Diagnosing these infections, often challenging, involves
examining fecal samples through microscopy or advanced techniques.
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Paper 3: Heat Strees adaptation in cows – Physiological responses and underlying molecular
mechanisms.
Authors: Gayatri Gujar , Manish Tiwari , Nistha Yadav , Dr. Monika
Journal: ELSEVIER
Year: 2023
Summary:
Heat stress is a major problem for dairy cows in tropical regions, especially with climate
change. It hurts milk production, cow health, and dairy farm profits. Breeders have focused
on high milk production, but not heat tolerance. This article reviews the effects of heat stress
on cows, how cows respond to heat stress, and how to measure heat stress. Understanding
heat stress is important for developing ways to keep cows cool and productive.
Paper 4: Detection of SARS-CoV-2 based on artificial intelligence-assisted smartphone.
Authors:Yunxin Li , Jinghui Zhang , Jisen Chen , Feng Zhu , Zhiqiang Liu , Peng Bao , Wei
Shen , Sheng Tang
Journal: ELSEVIER
Year: 2024
Summary:
This research explores combining smartphones with traditional detection methods
(electrochemistry, fluorescence, colorimetry) for AI-assisted SARS-CoV-2 detection. This
approach has the potential to be highly accurate and portable, making it easier to diagnose
COVID-19, especially in resource-limited settings. AI algorithms can further enhance
analysis by classifying SARS-CoV-2 virus samples in biological fluids. While smartphone-
based detection methods have limitations, they show great promise as a complementary tool
for diagnosing COVID-19.
Paper 5: Accurate Prediction of Calving in dairy cows by applying feature engineering and
machine learning.
Authors: Jorge A. Vázquez-Diosdado , Julien Gruhier , G.G. Miguel Pacheco , Martin
Green, Tania Dottorini , Jasmeet Kaler
Journal: ELSEVIER
Year: 2023
Summary:
In this study, Researchers have developed a machine learning algorithm that can predict
calving in dairy cows with high accuracy (up to 87.81%) 1-5 days in advance. This prediction
is based on data collected from a sensor that monitors temperature, activity, and drinking
behavior. The algorithm can be a valuable tool for farmers to improve cow health, welfare,
and productivity by allowing them to better prepare for calving.
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Paper 6: Innovative applications of artificial intelligence in zoonotic disease management.
Authors: Wenqiang Guo , Chenuri Lv , Meng guo , Qiwei Zhao , Xinyi Yin , Li Zhang
Journal: ELSEVIER
Year: 2023
Summary:
Artificial intelligence (AI) is playing an increasingly important role in combating zoonotic
diseases. AI-powered models can analyze vast amounts of data to predict outbreaks and
transmission patterns, allowing for earlier intervention and public healthmeasures. This
review explores the current and future applications of AI in zoonotic disease management,
including prediction, diagnosis, drug development, and overall disease control. AI has the
potential to significantly improve our ability to manage zoonotic diseases and protect global
public health.
Paper 7: Prediction of Lump Virus Skin Disease Using Artificial Intelligence.
Authors: Pankaj Sing Kholiya , Kriti & Amit Kumar Mishra
Conference: SPRINGER
Year: 2024
Summary:
Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a contagious viral disease that primarily affects cattle. It can
cause significant economic losses due to reduced milk production, infertility, and even death.
The disease is spread by insects and causes fever, nodules on the skin and mucous
membranes, and other symptoms. Early detection is crucial for effective disease management.
AI-powered tools and algorithms are being explored for early detection and monitoring of
LSD outbreaks.
Paper 8: Prevalence and clinico-pathology of PSOROPTIC mange in buffaloes.
Authors: Carlos Eduardo da Silva Ferreira Filho , Carlos Magno Chaves Oliveira , Aluízio
Otávio Almeida da Silva , Natalia da Silva e Silva Silveira , Camila Cordeiro Barbosa , Luis
Antônio Scalabrin Tondo , Katia Maria Famadas , Marilene de Farias Brito Queiroz , Danilo
Henrique da Silva Lima , Paulo Sérgio Chágas da Costa , José Diomedes Barbosa Neto
Journal: ELSEVIER
Year: 2024
Summary:
Psoroptic mange is a parasitic skin disease that can infect buffaloes of any breed, age, or sex.
The severity of the infestation and the distribution of lesions can vary depending on the
breeding practices used for the animals. The mites that cause psoroptic mange burrow into
the skin, causing intense itching and irritation. The most commonly affected areas are the
face, neck, and base of the horns. The skin lesions can resemble immune-mediated dermatitis.
This parasitic infection can lead to significant economic losses for buffalo breeders.
Diagnosis of psoroptic mange is based on clinical signs and microscopic examination of skin
scrapings to identify the mites.
Paper 9: Accuracy of early pregnancy diagnosis and determining pregnancy loss using
different biomarkers and machine learning applications in dairy cattle.
Authors: Priscila Assis Ferraz , Diego Angelo Schmidt Poit , Leonardo Marin Ferreira
Pinto , Arthur Cobayashi Guerra , Adomar Laurindo Neto , Francisco Luiz do
Prado , Alexandre José Azrak , Cihan Çakmakçı , Guilherme Pugliesi , Pietro
Sampaio Baruselli
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Journal: ELSEVIER
Year: 2024
Summary:
The study evaluated the accuracy of various methods for early pregnancy diagnosis in dairy
cows and heifers. Doppler ultrasound of Corpus luteum (CL) blood perfusion on Day 21
post-TAI was the most accurate method, followed by the Pregnancy-associated glycoprotenis
( PAGs) test on Day 25. The study also found that the application of machine learning,
specifically the MARS algorithm, showed promise in enhancing the accuracy of predicting
early pregnancies in cows.
Paper 10: Feeding behaviour and activity as early indicators of disease in pre-weaned dairy
calves.
Authors: C.A. Duthie , J.M. Bowen , D.J. Bell , G.A. Miller , C. Mason , M.J.Hashkell
Journal: ELSEVIER
Year: 2021
Summary:
Early detection of respiratory disease in dairy calves is essential for animal well-being, farm
productivity, and profitability. This study explored activity and feeding behaviors as potential
early warning signs of the disease. The findings suggest that changes in these behaviors, like
increased resting time and fewer visits to feeders, can be identified before clinical symptoms
become apparent. This indicates that technology-based monitoring systems tracking these
behaviors could be valuable tools for early detection and intervention of respiratory disease in
dairy calves.
Paper 11: CowXNet: An automated cow estrus detection system.
Authors: Thanawat Lodkaew , Kitsuchart Pasupa , Chu Kiong Loo
Journal: ELSEVIER
Year: 2023
Summary:
CowXNet is an automated system that uses computer vision techniques to detect estrus
(heat) in cows. This helps farmers inseminate cows at the right time, improving breeding
efficiency. It analyzes video footage of cows to identify estrus behavior and consists of four
modules: cow detection, body part detection, estrus behavior detection, and behavior
analysis. The system boasts an impressive 83% accuracy in detecting estrus behavior
intervals in cows.
Paper 12: A Machine Learning and Optimization Framework for the Early Diagnosis of
Bovine Respiratory Disease.
Authors: Enrico Casella , Melissa C. Cantro , Megan M. Woodrum Setser , Simone Silvestri
, Joao H. C. Costa
Journal: IEEE
Year: 2023
Summary:
Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD) is a major concern for dairy farmers due to its negative
impact on calf health and farm profitability. Early detection is critical for effective treatment
and minimizing health complications. This study explores a framework for BRD diagnosis
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using precision IoT technologies like automatic feeders and accelerometers. This framework
leverages machine learning to identify BRD early and monitor its persistence with promising
results, achieving an accuracy of 88% in classifying healthy and sick calves, and detecting
BRD up to four days before clinical signs appear.
Paper 13: Fusion of udder temperature and size features for the automatic detection of dairy
cow mastitis using deep learning.
Authors: Mengyuan Chu, Qian Li, Yanchao Wang , Xueting Zeng ,Yongsheng Si , Gang Liu
Journal: ELSEVIER
Year: 2023
Summary:
This research proposes a deep learning-based method for automatic detection of mastitis in
dairy cows. The method that analyzes thermal infrared videos to extract udder temperature
and size features. The results, based on a dataset of 196 cows, demonstrate an overall
accuracy of 88.61%, with high sensitivity and specificity for both clinical and subclinical
mastitis. This technology has the potential to improve early detection of mastitis, leading to
better cow health, increased milk yield, and enhanced farm economics.
Paper 14: Immunopathological Disorders of Cattle and Buffalo.
Authors: Ramswaroop Singh Chauhan , Yashpal Singh Malik , M. Saminathan & Bhupendra
Nath Tripathi
Journal: SPRINGER
Year: 2024
Summary:
The immune system is a complex network of cells and proteins that defends the body against
pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi. It protects various areas like the skin,
respiratory system, and intestines through innate immunity, the initial non-specific defense
mechanism. Innate immunity acts rapidly but lacks immunologic memory. Immunopathology
studies diseases caused by immune reactions, where immune responses intended to protect
can inadvertently cause tissue damage and diseases. Immunopathological diseases are
categorized into immunodeficiency disorders, hypersensitivity reactions, and autoimmune
diseases.
Paper 15: Magnesium butyrate is a readily available magnesium source in dairy cow
nutrition.
Authors: B.M. de Groot , J.E. Edwards , J.T. Schonewille
Journal: ELSEVIER
Year: 2023
Summary:
The study found that feeding dairy cows a diet supplemented with magnesium butyrate (Mg-
butyrate) resulted in 7.9 percentage units greater apparent absorption of magnesium
compared to a low-magnesium diet without Mg-butyrate. Cows fed the Mg-butyrate diet
ingested 66.3 g Mg/day, while those on the low-Mg diet ingested 54.7 g Mg/day. However,
feces Mg excretion was similar between the two diets. The fractional Mg absorption from
Mg-butyrate was calculated to be 71.6%, indicating it is a readily available source of
magnesium for dairy cows. In conclusion, Mg-butyrate is an attractive alternative to
supplement dairy rations with magnesium.
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Paper 16: Milk as a diagnostic fluid to monitor viral diseases in dairy cattle.
Authors: B Brito , P Hick
Journal: WILEY
Year: 2023
Summary:
Infectious viral diseases in dairy cattle can have significant consequences for milk
production, quality and overall animal health. Bulk tank milk (BTM) testing, which analyzes
pooled milk samples from a herd, is a cost-effective way to monitor herd health for
infectious viral diseases in dairy cattle. The accuracy of this method depends on various
factors like herd size, infection risk, and the specific disease being tested. To design optimal
BTM testing strategies, it's crucial to consider validation data of fit-for-purpose tests to
ensure reliable disease control for dairy farms and the industry as a whole.
Paper17: Machine Learning Techniques for the Prediction of Bovine Tuberculosis Among
the Cattle.
Authors: Rita Roy, Marada Ravindra, Nitish Marada, Subhodeep Mukherjee & Manish
Mohan Baral
Conference: SPRINGER
Year: 2023
Summary:
Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) is a serious infectious disease that can affect cattle and buffaloes.
Early detection of BTB is important to prevent the spread of the disease to humans through
contaminated milk. Machine learning (ML) techniques have been shown to be effective in
predicting herd-level BTB in cattle herds. This study used different ML algorithms to
improve the accuracy of BTB diagnosis in cattle herds in India, a country where BTB control
remains challenging despite efforts. The findings of this study could be helpful for the dairy
industry in controlling BTB and protecting public health.
Paper18: Automated dairy cattle lameness detection utilizing the power of artificial
intelligence; current status quo and future research opportunities.
Author: Nektarios Siachos, Joseph M. Neary, Robert F. Smith, Georgios Oikonomou
Journal: ELSEVIER
Year: 2024
Summary:
Automated systems using artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms have been developed to
detect lameness in dairy cattle, addressing the limitations of labor-intensive visual mobility
scoring. These systems analyze various gait features, such as accelerometer data, weight
distribution, acoustic signals, and computer vision-based tracking, to classify cows as lame or
non-lame .The accuracy of these systems in correctly identifying lame cows varies, with most
demonstrating adequate reliability.Most studies have used visual mobility scoring as the
ground truth, with only a few using the presence of specific foot pathologies.More research is
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needed to identify gait abnormalities associated with early stage lameness and develop farm-
specific thresholds for early intervention.
Paper 19: Discriminating Pathological, reproductive or strees conditions in cows using
machine learning on sensor-based activity data.
Authors: Romain Lardy, Quentin Ruin, Isabelle Veissier
Journal: ELSEVIER
Year: 2023
Summary:
Machine learning is emerging as a powerful tool for dairy farm management. By analyzing
activity sensor data from cows, researchers can detect and classify various health, stress, and
reproductive conditions. This study, using data from over 120,000 cow-days, demonstrated
over 90% accuracy in classifying normal behavior and up to 86% probability of detecting
specific conditions. Early detection of these conditions through machine learning can
significantly improve herd health and farm management by allowing for timely intervention.
Paper 20: Postpartum reproductive disease and fertility in dairy cows.
Authors: Stephen J. LeBlanc
Journal: ELSEVIER
Year: 2023
Summary:
This review examines three reproductive health issues in dairy cows: metritis, purulent
vaginal discharge (PVD), and endometritis. All three conditions can significantly reduce a
cow's fertility. Metritis is inflammation of the uterus, and PVD is vaginal discharge with a
high pus content, indicating a bacterial imbalance. Endometritis, diagnosed through cell
analysis, involves persistent uterine inflammation that can last for months and disrupt
fertility. The review suggests that improved disease management and more selective use of
antibiotics are necessary to optimize reproductive health in dairy herds.
Paper21: Monitoring the respiratory behaviour of multiple cows based on computer vision
and deep learning.
Authors: Dihua Wu , Mengxuan Han , Huaibo Song , Lei Song , Yuanchao Duan
Journal: ELSEVIER
Year: 2023
Summary:
Automatic respiration monitoring for dairy cows is a promising approach for modern
farming. This method can not only reduce manual labor but also improve the automation of
cow health assessment. Researchers have developed a method that can monitor the
respiratory behavior of multiple cows with high accuracy, even under interference factors
like movement, occlusion, and behavioral changes. This study provides a technical basis for
automated respiratory behavior monitoring and disease diagnosis in precision livestock
farming.
Paper22: Deployment of an intelligent and secure cattle health monitoring system.
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Authors: Jehangir Arshad , Talha Ahmad Siddiqui , M. Ismail Sheikh , M.
Sadeed Waseem , M. Abu Bakar Nawaz , Elsayed Tag Eldin , Ateeq Ur Rehman
Journal: ELSEVIER
Year: 2023
Summary:
The proposed cattle health monitoring system (CHMS) using wireless sensor networks
(WSNs) and artificial intelligence can effectively predict cattle diseases with an accuracy of
around 98%. The system utilizes real-time data from non-invasive body sensors. AI analyzes
this data to forecast potential illnesses, allowing farmers to remotely monitor their cattle’s
health through a web application. By enabling early detection and intervention, CHMS
improves animal welfare, farm productivity, and efficiency.
Paper 23: Evaluating of sensor-based health monitoring in dairy cows: Exploiting
rumination times for health alerts around parturition.
Authors:A. Simoni , F. König , K. Weimar , A. Hancock , C. Wunderlich , M. Klawitter , T.
Breuer , M. Drillich , M. Iwersen
Journal: ELSEVIER
Year: 2024
Summary:
Sensor-based monitoring of rumination time shows promise for early disease detection in
dairy cows. The study compared a conventional management group with a sensor-based
management group. The sensor system had a sensitivity of 71% and specificity of 47% in
detecting disorders for the conventional group. In the sensor-based group, the system
performed better in detecting ketosis (sensitivity: 71%, specificity: 75%) and hypocalcemia
(sensitivity: 48%, specificity: 43%). The results suggest that sensor-based monitoring of
rumination time has the potential to improve early disease detection in dairy cows.
Paper 24: Intelligent wearable devices and biosensors for monitoring cattle health
conditions: A review and classification.
Authors: Melchizedek Alipio , Maria Lorena Villena
Journal: ELSEVIER
Year: 2023
Summary:
The study explores the use of smart farming technologies, particularly wearable biosensors,
for monitoring cattle health. Researchers reviewed 54 studies and found these technologies
promising for real-time monitoring and rapid response on farms. They created a classification
system for the devices based on factors like sensor type and data collection. limitations were
identified, including small sample sizes, focus on indoor settings, and challenges with device
complexity, data transmission, and external influences. Despite these limitations, the review
highlights the potential of these smart farming technologies for cattle health monitoring.
Paper 25: Metabolic-digestive clinical disorders of lactating dairy cows were associated with
alterations of rumination, physical activity, and lying behavior monitored by an ear-attached
sensor.
Authors: C. Rial , A. Laplacette , L. Caixeta , C. Florentino , F. Peña-Mosca , J.O. Giordano
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Journal: ELSEVIER
Year: 2024
Summary:
A study research the use of an automated health monitoring system with ear-attached sensors
to detect metabolic-digestive disorders in cows. The system tracked changes in rumination
time (RT), physical activity (PA), and lying time (LT). Cows with these disorders showed
different levels of RT, PA, and LT compared to healthy cows, both on the day the condition
was diagnosed (CD) and when symptoms resolved. The study also found that RT and PA
increased, while LT decreased, from the day of diagnosis to recovery, suggesting these
changes might be positive indicators of improvement. The findings indicate that ear-sensor-
based monitoring systems have the potential to identify metabolic-digestive disorders in
cows, with changes in activity patterns potentially serving as helpful recovery markers.
Paper26: Liver fibrosis is a common pathological change in the liver of dairy cows with fatty
liver.
Authors: Cai Zhang , Qi Shao , Mingchao Liu , Xueying Wang , Juan
J. Loor , Qianming Jiang , Shunan Cuan , Xinwei Li , Jianguo Wang , Yuanxiao Li , Lei He ,
Yong Huang , Guowen Liu , Lin Lei
Journal: ELSEVIER
Year: 2023
Summary:
Fatty liver disease in dairy cows can lead to liver fibrosis, a condition marked by excessive
scar tissue buildup that hinders liver function. This study explored the contributing factors
behind fibrosis in these cows. The researchers found that cows with fatty liver had higher
levels of oxidative stress, hepatocyte apoptosis and inflammatory cytokines compared to
healthy cows. These findings suggest that oxidative stress, cell death, and inflammation all
play a role in the development of liver fibrosis in dairy cows with fatty liver disease.
Paper 27: Artificial intelligence in animal farms for management and breeding.
Author: Henna Hamadani , Ambreen Hamadani , Shabia Shabir
Journal: ELSEVIER
Year: 2023
Summary:
AI is transforming livestock farm management by using data to improve decision-making and
farm operations. AI systems monitor animal health, behavior, and performance, enabling
early disease detection, precise feeding, and resource optimization. This leads to improved
animal welfare, productivity, and cost-effectiveness. AI also revolutionizes breeding
programs by analyzing genetic data to identify desirable traits and predict breeding outcomes.
This allows for selection of superior animals for breeding, preserving genetic diversity, and
developing healthier, more productive livestock.
Paper28: Lameness detection system for dairy cows based on instance segmentation.
Author:QianLi , Zhijiang He , Xiaowen Liu , Mengyuan Chu , Yanchao Wang , Xi Kang , G
ang Liu
Journal: ELSEVIER
Year: 2024
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Summary:
This research proposes a lameness detection system for dairy cows using instance
segmentation. The system can extract lameness features of multiple cows simultaneously and
achieve high accuracy. The system leverages an improved SOLOv2 network for accurate cow
segmentation, Hungarian algorithm for cow tracking, and Canny algorithm for feature
extraction. Finally, a deep learning model is used to detect lameness based on the extracted
features. The system achieved an accuracy of 98.65% in detecting lameness in multiple cows.
Paper 29: Design of a Real Time Cow Smart Collar Health and Position Monitoring System.
Authors: Diana Rahmawati , Achmad Ubaidillah Ms , Nu Faradhilah , Riza Alfita , Rosida
Vivin Nahari , Heri setiawan
Journal: IEEE
Year: 2023
Summary:
The research develop an intelligent livestock monitoring system called Smart Livestock
Farming (SPLF) to reduce costs and labor in traditional farming. The system uses a smart
collar with wireless sensors to monitor cows' temperature, heart rate, and location in real-
time. The collar is equipped with an MLX90614 temperature sensor, a pulse sensor, and a
uBlox Neo-6m GPS sensor. The data is processed by a NodeMCU ESP8266 microcontroller
and transmitted via the Internet of Things (IoT). Testing showed the average measurement
errors of the GPS, temperature sensor, and pulse sensor were 8.2848E-06, 0.74%, and 3.04%,
respectively.
Paper 30: The Early Prediction of Common Disorders in Dairy Cows Monitored by
Automatic Systems with Machine Learning Algorithms.
Authors: Xiaojing Zhou , Chuang Xu , Hao Wang , Wei Xu , Zixuan Zhao , Mengxing Chen
, Bin Jia , Baoyin Huang
Journal: MDPI
Year: 2022
Summary:
Dairy cow disorders can be predicted using data from automated monitoring and milking
systems. Machine learning algorithms were used to analyze data on milk yield, activity,
rumination time, and milk conductivity from healthy and sick cows. The algorithms
successfully identified trends in the data that could predict disorders. This approach has the
potential to be a valuable tool for dairy farmers to monitor herd health and detect problems
early.
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