HIV/AIDS

AWARENESS AND
PREVENTION
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
By the end of this lesson,
the learners will be able to..
Define and Understand HIV/AIDS
transmission modes and debunk
misconceptions.
Encourage empathy,
nondiscriminatory conduct, and
lessen stigmatization of those living
with HIV/AIDS.
Apply preventive measures in real
life applications/situations.
 KEY TERMS

HIV/AIDS
(Human Immunodeficiency virus/Acquired
immunodeficiency syndrome)

It is spread by contact with certain bodily fluids

of a person with HIV, most commonly during
unprotected sex (sex without a condom or HIV
medicine to prevent or treat HIV), or through
sharing injection drug equipment.
KEY TERMS

TRANSMISSION -refers to the

method by which the HIV virus is
transmitted from one person to
another.

CHAIN OF INFECTION - refers to

the steps a pathogen spreads or
moves.
KEY TERMS

PREDISPOSING FACTORS -refers

to risk of developing a problem. It
could be genetics or age.

PRECIPITATING FACTORS - refers

to the specific event that could
trigger a problem.
OVERVIEW OF THIS LESSON
Definition: This lesson will cover what
HIV/AIDS is, its Definition,
Predisposing and Precipitating
Factors, Chain of Infection, Signs &
Symptoms, Diagnostic tests,
preventive measures, Nursing
management, and medical
management, drug study, government
programs

Purposes: to educate, empower, and

reduce the spread of the disease.
BRIEF
DESCRIPTION
What is HIV/AIDS?
HIV
DEFINITION(S)

01
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a virus that targets immune
system cells, making an individual more susceptible to various illnesses
and infections.

02
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), HIV (Human
Immunodeficiency Virus) is a virus that attacks the immune system, specifically
targeting CD4 cells, which are crucial in fighting off infections and diseases.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF HIV
(EARLY STAGE)

Fever Sore Throat Swollen Night Sweats

Lymph Nodes

Fatigue Muscle and Rash Headache

Joint Pain
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF HIV
(ADVANCED STAGE:AIDS)

Persistent, Rapid weight Chronic Persistent

recurrent, or loss diarrhea fever
severe
infections

Profuse Swollen Sores or Persistent

night sweats lymph nodes lesions in the fatigue and
mouth or on weakness
the skin
CHAIN OF
INFECTION
How do I get HIV/AIDS
 HIV PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Infectious agent:

01 HIV-1 and HIV-2 are viruses that cause human

immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and can lead to
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) if left
untreated. Once inside the body, HIV targets and infects
CD4 T-cells, which are vital for the immune system's proper
functioning.

02
Reservoir:
The HIV virus can live and replicate in certain cells of the immune
system, particularly CD4+ T cells, which are important for the
body's ability to fight infections. These cells serve as a reservoir for
the virus and enable the virus to remain in the body for long
periods of time as it leads to an increased viral load in the
bloodstream.
HIV
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

03
Portals of exit:
The HIV virus is shed in blood, semen, vaginal fluid, and
breast milk of HIV-infected individuals.

Modes of transmission:

04 The HIV virus can be transmitted through unprotected sexual

contact, sharing of contaminated needles and syringes, blood
transfusions, and transmission from mother to child during
pregnancy, childbirth, and breastfeeding.
HIV
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

05
Portals of entry:
The HIV virus enters the body through cuts and sores in
the skin, mucous membranes, and blood vessels.

Susceptible host:

06 People who are not infected with HIV are susceptible to

infection and can become HIV-positive if exposed to the virus.
Once infected with HIV, if left untreated, the virus can lead to
compromised immune function and the development of
AIDS.
 HIV
CONCLUSION
If the HIV progresses, the declining number of CD4 T-
cells weakens the immune system, making the individual
more susceptible to infections, opportunistic diseases, and
certain types of cancers. Without treatment, the
continuous destruction of CD4 T-cells eventually leads to
a severe depletion of these cells, resulting in Acquired
Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS).
FACTORS OF
HIV
Predisposing and Precipitating
Factors
HIV
PREDISPOSING FACTORS

01
Unprotected Sexual Intercourse:
Engaging in sexual activities without using condoms or other barrier
methods can increase the risk of HIV transmission, especially if one or both
partners have multiple sexual partners or engage in high-risk sexual
behaviors.

Sharing Needles or Syringes:

02 Sharing needles, syringes, or other drug paraphernalia for injecting drugs

can greatly increase the risk of HIV transmission, as the virus can be
present in blood or bodily fluids.
HIV
PREDISPOSING FACTORS

03
Vertical Transmission:
A pregnant woman living with HIV who does not receive proper medical
care and treatment during pregnancy, childbirth, and breastfeeding has an
increased risk of transmitting the virus to her child.

04
Blood Transfusions or Organ Transplants:
Although rare in many countries due to stringent screening procedures,
receiving unscreened blood or organs from an HIV-positive donor can
lead to HIV transmission.
HIV
PREDISPOSING FACTORS

05
Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs): Having other STIs, such as
syphilis or herpes, can increase the risk of both contracting and
transmitting HIV during sexual intercourse, as these infections can
cause sores or lesions that provide entry points for the virus.

06
Risky Sexual Behaviors: Engaging in risky sexual behaviors, such as having
multiple sexual partners or not consistently using condoms, increases the
chances of HIV transmission. These behaviors expose individuals to a higher
likelihood of coming into contact with the virus.
HIV
PREDISPOSING FACTORS
Gender and Sociodemographic Factors:

07 In some regions, specific gender and social factors, such as

sex work, gender-based violence, and economic disparities,
can increase an individual's vulnerability to HIV infection.

08
Occupational Exposure:
Healthcare workers and first responders who are accidentally
exposed to HIV-infected blood or bodily fluids are at risk. Proper
safety precautions, such as the use of personal protective
equipment, minimize this risk.
HIV
PREDISPOSING FACTORS
Lack of Male Circumcision:
09 Studies have shown that uncircumcised men may
have a slightly higher risk of HIV infection through
heterosexual intercourse.

10 Lack of Awareness and Education:

A lack of awareness about HIV, how it's transmitted,
and preventive measures can contribute to higher
infection rates.
HIV
PRECIPITATING FACTORS

01
STIs:
When a person has an untreated STI, it can cause inflammation and
increase the number of target cells that can be infected by HIV. The
presence of an untreated STI can also weaken the immune system and
increase the risk of HIV transmission.

Age:

02 Young adults and adolescents are particularly vulnerable to HIV and AIDS
because they may be more likely to engage in risky sexual behavior due
to lack of knowledge or because they believe they are invincible. Young
people may also have less access to health care and prevention resources,
which can increase their risk of HIV.
HIV
PRECIPITATING FACTORS
Substance abuse:

03 Using drugs and alcohol can impair judgment and lead to risky sexual
behavior that can increase the risk of HIV transmission. Injecting drugs
increases risk because of the sharing of needles. Substance abuse can also
make it harder for people to follow treatment plans and take medications
as prescribe.

04
Lack of access to prevention and treatment resources:
People without access to quality healthcare and preventative measures are
more likely to contract HIV. Limited access to HIV testing and treatment can
also increase the risk of transmission. Lack of education and communication
about HIV can also mean that people are unaware of how to protect
themselves from HIV infection.
HIV
PRECIPITATING FACTORS

05
Stigma and discrimination:
HIV-related stigma and discrimination can prevent people from seeking
HIV testing, treatment, and care. It can also lead to discrimination in
employment, housing and health care. This can lead to social isolation
and a lack of support, which can impact emotional and physical health.

Migration and Displacement:

06 Displacement due to conflict or natural disasters can increase the risk of HIV
transmission. This can be due to a lack of access to healthcare, risky
behavior, or even sexual violence.
HIV
PRECIPITATING FACTORS

07
Gender inequality:
Gender inequality contributes to the spread of HIV by making women
more vulnerable to infection due to factors such as lack of education,
economic dependence, and sexual violence.

08
Cultural practices:
Certain cultural practices such as female genital mutilation, widow
cleansing, and polygamy have been linked to higher rates of HIV infection.
HIV
PRECIPITATING FACTORS
Prison settings:

09 Overcrowding and high-risk behavior among prisoners contribute to t

spread of HIV in prison settings.

10
Sexual orientation and gender identity:
Individuals who identify as LGBTQ+ may face increased stigma and
discrimination, leading to a lack of access to healthcare and prevention
measures, thereby increasing the risk of HIV transmission.
MANAGEMENT
OF HIV/AIDS
What do I do?
 Diagnostic Tests For
HIV/AIDS
HIV Antibody Test Antigen/Antibody Test Viral Load Test
This is the most common initial test This test detects both HIV antibodies This test measures the amount of HIV
used to detect HIV infection. It and antigens (proteins produced by RNA in the blood. It determines the
checks for the presence of antibodies the virus). It can provide earlier level of active virus replication and
produced by the immune system in detection of HIV infection compared helps monitor the effectiveness of
response to the virus. It can be to the antibody test alone. antiretroviral treatment (ART) and
performed using blood, saliva, or disease progression.
urine samples.
 IV/AIDS Preventive Measures
H
Get Tested and Know Prevention of Mother-to-Child
Practice Safe Sex
Your Status Transmission
Use condoms consistently Regularly get tested for Pregnant women living with HIV
and correctly during HIV and encourage your should seek early medical care
vaginal, anal, and oral sex partner(s) to do the same. and treatment to prevent
Knowing your HIV status transmission of the virus to their
to reduce the risk of HIV
child. Antiretroviral therapy
transmission allows for early detection
(ART) during pregnancy,
and timely access to
childbirth, and breastfeeding
treatment and prevention
can significantly reduce the risk.
services.
 IV/AIDS Preventive Measures
H
PrEP (Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis) Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) Education and Awareness
PrEP is a preventive PEP involves taking Stay informed about HIV/AIDS
medication taken by antiretroviral medications by accessing accurate and up-
within 72 hours of potential to-date information. Promote
individuals at high risk of
HIV exposure to prevent
HIV to reduce the chance of awareness, combat stigma, and
infection. It is typically used in
infection. It involves taking a encourage open dialogue about
emergency situations, such as
daily pill containing HIV prevention within your
after a condom break or
antiretroviral drugs needlestick injury. community.
 NURSING
MANAGEMENT
Giving people living with the
infection information, counseling,
and emotional support is a part of
HIV/AIDS nurse management.
Nurses encourage infection
prevention methods, keep an eye
out for signs and symptoms, and
help with drug adherence.
 NURSING
MANAGEMENT
Care must include symptom
management, psychosocial support,
and advocacy. Nurses play a crucial
role in improving health, well-being,
and empowerment for people with
HIV/AIDS. Regular disease
progression and treatment
effectiveness monitoring is carried
out.
 MEDICAL
MANAGEMENT
The medical management of
HIV/AIDS involves the use of
antiretroviral therapy (ART) to
suppress the virus, slow down
disease progression, and preserve
immune function. Antiretroviral drugs
are prescribed in combinations
tailored to individual needs and
treatment response.
 MEDICAL
MANAGEMENT
Regular monitoring of viral load and
CD4 T-cell counts helps assess
treatment effectiveness and guide
adjustments if necessary. Coexisting
conditions such as opportunistic
infections and comorbidities are
treated and managed
 MEDICAL
MANAGEMENT
Medical management also includes
preventive measures such as
vaccinations and screenings for
related health issues. Access to
comprehensive care, including
mental health support and
adherence counseling, is crucial for
optimal medical management of
HIV/AIDS.
DRUG TREATMENT
The Health Technology Assessment
Council suggests the usage of
Tenofovir/Lamivudine/Dolutegravir
(TLD) in the treatment of HIV
Infection.

These three drugs are taken

simultaneously, and are both for first-
line and second-line treatment of
HIV.
 CONTRAINDICATIO
NAME OF DRUG INDICATIONS
NS

Generic Name:
Tenofovir disoproxil Human
fumarate Immunodeficiency
Classification: Hypersensitivity
Virus (HIV) Infection
Antiretroviral
Dosage: 300 mg Lactation
Route: Oral Chronic Hepatitis B
Frequency: Once a day
MECHANISM OF NURSING
SIDE EFFECTS
ACTION RESPONSIBILITIES

Advise the client to never

Decreased bone density, miss a dose and properly
Immune reconstitution follow the dosage and
syndrome, Diarrhea, frequency prescribed by the
Interferes the DNA
Vomiting, Nausea, physician.
synthesis of the virus by
Abdominal pain, Abdominal
competitive inhibition
distention, Flatulence, Instruct the client to report to
Asthenia, Headache, the health center if
Dizziness, Insomnia, undesirable effects present
Depression, Rash or occur.
 CONTRAINDICATIO
NAME OF DRUG INDICATIONS
NS

Generic Name:
Lamivudine Human
Classification:
Antiretroviral
Immunodeficiency
Hypersensitivity
Dosage: 150 mg or 300 mg Virus (HIV) Infection
Route: Oral
Frequency: Lactation
Chronic Hepatitis B
Twice a day (150 mg)
Once a day (300 mg)
MECHANISM OF NURSING
SIDE EFFECTS
ACTION RESPONSIBILITIES

Advise the client to never miss

a dose and properly follow the
Abdominal pain, Nausea, dosage and frequency
Interferes with the RNA and Vomiting, Diarrhea, prescribed by the physician.
DNA activities of the virus Headache, Fever, Rash,
through DNA chain Malaise, Insomnia, Cough, Instruct the client to report to
termination. Thrombocytopenia, Immune the health center if
reconstitution syndrome undesirable effects present or
occur.
 CONTRAINDICATIO
NAME OF DRUG INDICATIONS
NS

Generic Name:
Dolutegravir Hypersensitivity to
Classification: Human Dolutegravir
Antiretroviral Immunodeficiency
Dosage: 150 mg or 300 mg
Route: Oral
Virus (HIV) Infection Lactation
Frequency:
Twice a day (150 mg) Chronic Hepatitis B Concamitant use with
Once a day (300 mg) dofetilide
MECHANISM OF NURSING
SIDE EFFECTS
ACTION RESPONSIBILITIES

Advise the client to never

miss a dose and properly
follow the dosage and
Headache, GI disorders,
frequency prescribed by the
Fatigue, Muscle
physician.
Prevents the HIV Inflammation, Renal
replication cycle. Impairment, Itching,
Instruct the client to report
Nausea, Dizziness,
to the health center if
Diarrhea, Rash, Vertigo
undesirable effects present
or occur.
GOVERNMENT
PROGRAMS
FOR HIV/AIDS
 STI HIV/ AIDS Program
A. Overview and Objectives of the Program:

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), nearly a million people

currently acquire STIs which includes the Human Immunodeficiency Virus
(HIV) globally. The presence in a person of other STIs greatly increases the
risk of acquiring or transmitting HIV. It is initially seen among what we call
key populations which include Males who have Sex with Males (MSM),
Transgender (TG), People Who Inject Drugs (PWID) and Freelance Sex
Workers (FSW).
 PLANS/ STRATEGIES (2018-2022)
1. Continuum of HIV/ STI prevention, diagnostic, treatment and care services to key
populations: (Training- e.g HIV counseling and testing, Reagents and Medicines) This
was among the identified needs as part of STI health services to prevent the sudden
increasing number of STI cases in their catchment areas. This also involves STI health
service delivery from prevention to treatment, not only in the municipalities but in the
hospitals as well. Examples are a) the Prevention of Maternal to Child Transmission
(PMTCT) of syphilis and HIV and the use of the Syndromic Approach. This also involves
supporting the Treatment hub.
2. Expand the platform for publicizing STI services The health services in our trained
facilities has to be promoted to increase consultations, enrollment to support and care
services, thereby decreasing the further spread of STIs and HIV; the key population
will be informed through their peers, hence the training for Peer educators. Other
avenues for information dissemination must also be explored such as local
celebrations, strategically setting-up mobile service ports, hospital or school events,
mobile testing at establishments (call centers, bars, jails, caravans etc).
 PLANS/ STRATEGIES (2018-2022)

3. Enhance strategic information For the LGU to continuously conduct the following:
a. Monitor and prevent the spread of STI case in their areas, and to conduct mapping
of key affected population
b. Organize, analyze and use their own data to intensify and customize strategies

4. Strengthen health system platform for broader health outcomes This is to

institutionalize and sustain local responses not only in the LGUs but also at the
regional level. This includes the establishment, monitoring and maintenance of an RTI/
STI database for the program to be part of the system. Examples are the sustenance of
the Regional AIDS Assistance Team (RAAT), celebration of calendar activities (AIDS
Candle light Memorial Celebration and the World AIDS Day) and initiation of the local
AIDS councils at the LGU level.
 PLANS/ STRATEGIES (2018-2022)
5. Expansion of STI HIV/ AIDS service delivery spots through the following:

a. Creation of an STI HIV/ AIDS hotline

b. Support establishment and operations of HIV/ AIDS support groups
c. Support to provincial/ city mobile testing initiatives
d. Increase collaboration with LGUs and NGOs in the conduct of community
HIV screening (community or facility based) with emphasis to proper
counseling and referral to prevent loss to care.
e. Promotion of the creation of sundown clinics.
f. Establishment of Rapid HIV Diagnostic (rHIVda sites) with prioritization per
year as per guideline of the DOH-Central Office
 FUTURE PLANS/ STRATEGIES (2018-2022)

6. Ensuring continuous supply of logistics to health facilities providing STI and

HIV services. A logistics supply management system or mechanism will be
placed in these facilities to ensure good flow of supply and demand.

7. Expand tri-media advocacy campaigns on STI HIV/ AIDS prevention and

management (radio shows, newsprint, social media, videos, awarding of best
practices)

8. Establishment of the Hepatitis B and C

 HIV, AIDS AND STI
PREVENTION AND CONTROL
PROGRAM
OBJECTIVE:
Reduce the transmission of HIV and ST among
the Most At Risk Population and General
Population and mitigate its impact at the
individual, family, and community level.
 PROGRAM ACTIVITIES:
WITH REGARD TO THE PREVENTION AND FIGHT AGAINST
STIGMA AND DISCRIMINATION, THE FOLLOWING ARE THE
STRATEGIES AND INTERVENTIONS:

1. Availability of free voluntary HIV Counseling and Testing Service

2. 100% Condom Use Program (CUP) especially for entertainment establishments
3. Peer education and outreach
4. Multi-sectoral coordination through Philippine National AIDS Council (PNAC)
5. Empowerment of communities
6. Community assemblies and for a to reduce stigma
7. Augmentation of resources of social Hygiene Clinics; and
8. Procured male condoms distributed as education materials during outreach.
PROGRAM ACCOMPLISHMENTS:

The program has attained particular targets for

the three major final outputs: health policy and
program development;
capability building of local government units
(LGUs) and other stakeholders; and leveraging
services for priority health programs.
PARTNER ORGANIZATIONS/AGENCIES:
The following organizations/agencies take part in achieving the
goal of the National HIV/STI Prevention Program:

Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG)

Philippine National AIDS Council (PAC)
Research Institute for Tropical Medicine (RITM)
STI/AIDS Cooperative Central Laboratory (SCCL)
World Health Organization (WHO)
United States Agency for International
Development (USAID
Pinoy Plus Association
AIDS Society of the Philippines (ASP)
Positive Action Foundation Philippines, Inc. (PAFPI)
Action for Health Initiatives (ACHIEVES)
Affiliation Against AIDS in Mindanao (ALAGAD-Mindanao)
AIDS Watch Council (AWAC)
Family Planning Organization of the Philippines (FPOP)
Free Rehabilitation, Economic, Education, and Legal Assistance Volunteers Association, Inc.(FREELAVA)
PARTNER ORGANIZATIONS/AGENCIES:
The following organizations/agencies take part in achieving the
goal of the National HIV/STI Prevention Program:

Philippine NGO council on Population, Health, and Welfare, Inc. (PNGOC)

Leyte Family Development Organization (LEFADO)
Remedios AIDS Foundation (RAF)
Social Development Research Institute (SDRI)
TLF share Collectives, Inc.
Trade Union Congress of the Philippines (TUCP)
Katipunang Manggagawang Pilipino
Health Action Information Network (HAIN)
Hope Volunteers Foundation, Inc.
KANLUNGAN Center Foundation, Inc. (KCFI)
Kabataang Gabay sa Positibong Pamumuhay, Inc. (KGPP)
 REPUBLIC ACT 8504

THE PHILIPPINE AIDS PREVENTION AND

CONTROL ACT OF 1998
 [REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8504]

AN ACT PROMULGATING POLICIES AND PRESCRIBING

MEASURES FOR THE PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF HIV/AIDS
IN THE PHILIPPINES, INSTITUTING A NATIONWIDE HIV/AIDS
INFORMATION AND EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM, ESTABLISHING A
COMPREHENSIVE HIV/AIDS MONITORING SYSTEM,
STRENGTHENING THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL AIDS COUNCIL,
AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES.
PREVENTION AND CONTROL
OF HIV/AIDS:

THE PRIMARY PURPOSE OF

RA 8504 IS TO PREVENT AND
CONTROL THE SPREAD OF
HIV/AIDS IN THE
PHILIPPINES. IT OUTLINES
VARIOUS MEASURES AND
STRATEGIES TO ACHIEVE
THIS GOAL, INCLUDING
EDUCATION, TESTING,
COUNSELING, AND SUPPORT
SERVICES.
PROTECTION OF RIGHTS:

THE LAW IS USED TO

PROTECT THE RIGHTS AND
DIGNITY OF INDIVIDUALS
LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS. IT
PROHIBITS
DISCRIMINATION AGAINST
THEM IN VARIOUS
SETTINGS, SUCH AS
EMPLOYMENT,
EDUCATION, AND
HEALTHCARE. IT ENSURES
THE CONFIDENTIALITY OF
HIV-RELATED
INFORMATION.
 MANDATORY AND
VOLUNTARY TESTING:

THIS LAW IS USED TO

MANDATE HIV TESTING FOR
CERTAIN HIGH-RISK
GROUPS AND TO PROMOTE
VOLUNTARY TESTING AND
COUNSELING FOR THE
GENERAL POPULATION. THE
GOAL IS TO IDENTIFY AND
PROVIDE CARE TO
INDIVIDUALS WHO ARE HIV-
POSITIVE.
EDUCATION AND AWARENESS:

THE LAW IS USED TO INTEGRATE

HIV/AIDS EDUCATION INTO THE
SCHOOL CURRICULUM AND
PROMOTE AWARENESS
PROGRAMS IN THE WORKPLACE.
THIS HELPS EDUCATE THE
PUBLIC ABOUT THE RISKS
ASSOCIATED WITH HIV AND
HOW TO PREVENT ITS
TRANSMISSION.
 REGULATION OF BLOOD
AND BLOOD PRODUCTS:

THE LAW REGULATES THE

COLLECTION AND
SCREENING OF BLOOD AND
BLOOD PRODUCTS TO
PREVENT THE
TRANSMISSION OF HIV
THROUGH TRANSFUSIONS.
THIS IS CRUCIAL FOR
ENSURING THE SAFETY OF
BLOOD TRANSFUSION
SERVICES.
 SUPPORT SERVICES:

THE LAW IS USED TO

ESTABLISH SUPPORT
SERVICES FOR INDIVIDUALS
LIVING WITH HIV, INCLUDING
ACCESS TO MEDICAL
TREATMENT, CARE, AND
COUNSELING. THESE
SERVICES AIM TO IMPROVE
THE QUALITY OF LIFE FOR
THOSE AFFECTED BY
HIV/AIDS.
 RESEARCH AND
SURVEILLANCE:

THIS LAW ENCOURAGES

RESEARCH ON HIV/AIDS AND
ESTABLISHES A SYSTEM FOR
SURVEILLANCE AND
MONITORING OF THE
DISEASE. THIS INFORMATION
HELPS IN TRACKING THE
PREVALENCE AND TRENDS
OF HIV/AIDS IN THE
COUNTRY.
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https://www.mims.com/philippines/drug/info/dolutegravir?mtype=generic
https://www.mims.com/philippines/drug/info/tenofovir%20disoproxil%20fumarate?
mtype=generic
https://www.mims.com/philippines/drug/info/lamivudine?mtype=generic
https://caro.doh.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Program-Briefer_STI.pdf
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4884904/#:~:text=Predisposing%20f
actors%20are%20those%20that,onset%20of%20the%20current%20problem.
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infection#:~:text=The%20spread%20of%20an%20infection,preventing%20a%20pat
hogen%20from%20spreading.
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fallback=1&fbclid=IwAR3fNw9-
eJ8Fus_dFiplwuLezBqFs15qXNalP3NFioPUKXMRq4IeREswaSA
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hiv-aids?
fbclid=IwAR1zhrYdteSvbYDZHLn2cEoXNuw-WJp_53itUHbz_EPBO2C4CqHT8DehBn0
 REFERENCES
https://www.webmd.com/hiv-aids/understanding-aids-hiv-symptoms?
fbclid=IwAR0HqKHA-LztmrFC-
AnEeJ8Bx8ffIqMHd5fpEyN6up9haOmGRJPhwYysWRg