CLOUD COMPUTING

Aafiya Alaudeen, Kiran Sahani, & Sumaiyya Sajjad Hussain

Bachelors of Computer Application

Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies

Faridabad, Haryana

Abstract: cloud computing has emerged as a successful model in IT, providing businesses
to manage and implement their own IT infrastructure and newest software in easy way.
cloud computing is an invention in which data and applications are collected and managed
with the help of internet in remote server other than that of local computer or server. this
article depicts a detailed overview of cognition and challenges of cloud computing,
including its characteristics, benefits, service models, deployment techniques, and
architecture along with future prospects and paths.

Keywords: Internet, cloud computing, software, security.

Introduction: cloud computing is a modern technique which provide services like data storage,
server, database, networking, software etc. to the users through internet. this is a model in which
computing resources are available on demand and managed accordingly. you can also understand it
as internet-based computing. the cloud computing was first introduced in 1960, and rise in its
popularity in 2000s as middleware technology expanded and access to the high-speed internet
connection increased. it includes models like Saas, Paas, and Iaas.

key characteristics of cloud computing: [1,4]

1) without any requirement of human interface users can access the cloud resources according to
their needs

2) services are available via the network can be accessed through internet.

3) in order to provide access to the services to user according to their needs, cloud service
providers share their resources between numerous users.

4)in order to meet the requirements for consumers as they can easily benefitted by the services
according to their changing needs, resources can be easily scaled up and scaled down.

5) cloud services have automatic control and optimization resource use by capitalizing a metering
qualification at a conception level for the type of services. by which users only needs to pay
according to their use.

architecture of cloud computing: [2]

Two main parts of cloud computing platforms are:

 I. front end: it’s a part which deals with users. it includes web browser, client application and user
interface.
its main components are:
1. user interface
2. client device.
II. backend platform:
it’s the part which operates cloud computing services and maintain them. it includes ser er, data
storage, and another basic framework.
its main components are:
1. server
2. data storage

courtesy: geeksforgeeks.org

III. cloud-based delivery and network.

Through the Internet, Intranet, and Intercloud, users can access the computer and its resources
whenever they want. The Intercloud offers interoperability among different cloud services, the
Intranet enables internal communications among services within a corporation, and the Internet offers
access from anywhere in the world. Easy access and data transmission are made possible by this
dynamic network connectivity, which guarantees a crucial aspect of the cloud computing architecture.

Deployment models: [2, 5,3]

courtesy: isquarebs.com

public cloud
it provides services through common internet. its owned and controlled by third party cloud services
providers.
in this the cloud provider owns and manage all the software, hardware, and infrastructure.
examples are: AWS, Google cloud, Microsoft Azure.
private cloud
it is attributed to the single organization and it provides more security and confidentiality.
examples are: amazon VPC, IBM, VMware etc.

hybrid cloud
it’s a blend of private and public cloud. it provides more flexibility and deployment options by giving
permissions to app and data to migrate between public and private cloud.
examples are: AWS outposts, Google Anthos, Azure Arc, Nutanix Cloud Clusters.

Service Models:
Most cloud computing services are divided into four categories: Infrastructure as a service (IaaS),
Platform as a service (PaaS), serverless, and software as a service (SaaS) [5]. These are sometimes
referred to as the cloud computing "stack" because they are built on top of each other.

Iaas

Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) is the most fundamental category of cloud computing services.
With IaaS, businesses or companies rent IT infrastructure—servers and virtual machines (VMs),
storage, networks, operating systems—from a cloud provider on a pay-as-you-go basis.

Paas

Platform as a service (PaaS) are cloud computing services that provide an on-demand environment
for developing, testing, delivering, and managing software applications.[5] PaaS is intended to let
developers quickly create web or mobile apps without having to set up or manage the underlying
infrastructure of servers, storage, networks, and databases required for development.

Saas

Software as a service (SaaS) refers to a way of providing software programs online, usually on a
subscription basis and on demand. SaaS allows cloud providers to host and control the Software
program and supporting infrastructure, as well as manage any upkeep tasks like security patching
and software upgrades [5]. Through the internet, users often use a web browser on their PC, tablet,
or phone to connect to the application.

Serverless Computing

Computing without servers (serverless computing), which shares similarities with PaaS,
concentrates on developing app functionality without having to spend time continuously
maintaining the servers and infrastructure needed to make it happen. The server management,
capacity planning, and setup are taken care of by the cloud provider. Serverless systems are
extremely scalable and event-driven, consuming resources solely in response to the fulfilment of
a predefined task or trigger.

Applications of cloud computing:

•Developing cloud-native apps: Build, launch, and scale web, mobile, and API applications
quickly.
Benefit from cloud-native techniques and technologies including DevOps, microservices
architecture, containers, Kubernetes, and API-driven communication.
•Test and build apps: Reduce the time and expense of developing new applications by utilizing
cloud infrastructures that are easily scalable up or down.
•Data storage, backup, and recovery:
Transferring your data online to an offsite cloud storage system that is available from any
location and device will help you protect it more affordably and massively.
•Examine the data: In the cloud, unify your data across teams, departments, and geographies.
Next, leverage cloud services to find insights for better decision-making, such as artificial
intelligence and machine learning.
•Stream audio and video: Engage your audience with global distribution of high-definition
video and audio at any time, on any device, and from anywhere.
•Embed intelligence: Make use of intelligent models to draw in customers and offer insightful
analysis of the collected data.
•Provide software as needed: On-demand software, also referred to as software as a service
(SaaS), enables you to provide consumers with the most recent software versions and updates—
anytime they need them, wherever they are.

Benefits of cloud computing: [6]

1. Cost-effectiveness: The pay-as-you-go approach of cloud computing offers users variable

pricing. It assists in reducing infrastructure construction costs, especially for small and medium-
sized enterprises.[6]

2. Flexibility and Scalability: Resources can be scaled in response to demand thanks to cloud
services. It guarantees that companies can manage a range of workloads effectively without
having to make significant hardware investments when demand is low.

3.Cooperation and availability: Cloud computing offers simple online access to data and
applications from any location. Through real-time project sharing and document sharing, this
promotes cooperative team participation from many places, producing high-quality and effective
results.
4.Automatic Updating and Maintenance: AWS Cloud handles the management of the
infrastructure and automatically updates to the newest versions of software.

Drawbacks Of Cloud Computing:

The primary drawbacks of cloud computing are as follows:

1.Security risks: One of the key disadvantages is that storing sensitive data on external
servers gives rise to additional security risks.

2.Downtime and Reliability: Although cloud services are typically dependable,

unforeseen disruptions can occur. These could be brought up by maintenance
interruptions, server problems, or network problems at cloud providers, all of which
negatively impact corporate operations and make it difficult for consumers to access
their apps.

3.Internet Connectivity Dependency: Internet connectivity is a major requirement for

cloud computing services. Users wishing to access and utilize cloud resources should
have a reliable, fast internet connection. Users may have trouble accessing their data
 and apps in areas with poor internet connectivity.

4.Complexity in Cost control: Pay-as-you-go pricing is the primary advantage of cloud

services, but it also creates complications in cost control. Without diligent oversight and
resource optimization, organizations run the risk of incurring unforeseen expenses
commensurate with their level of use.

Cloud Sustainability:

Some of the main ideas behind cloud sustainability are as follows:

• Energy efficiency: Cloud service providers encourage data Centre operations to be

optimized for reduced energy use and increased effectiveness.
• Renewable energy: Lowering carbon emissions and increasing the use of renewable energy
sources in data centers, such as solar and wind power.
• Virtualization: By enabling improved hardware resource utilization, virtualization helps cut
down on the requirement for physical servers and associated energy costs.

Cloud Security:

Some of the best practices for cloud security include the following:

.Data encryption:
Protecting data kept in the cloud requires encryption. It makes sure that even in the event
that data is intercepted, unauthorized people cannot read it.
. Access control:
Strict access controls and authentication procedures can help guarantee that sensitive
data and cloud resources are only accessible by authorized users.
. Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA):
MFA requires users to submit various kinds of verification, including passwords,
fingerprints, or security tokens, before they can access cloud services. This adds an extra
layer of security.

Cutting-Edge Computing and Integration with IoT: With the increasing number of IoT devices, it is
imperative to process data closer to the source. Faster data processing is possible with edge
computing. And real-time analysis, which makes it crucial for a number of sectors, including
manufacturing, healthcare, and smart cities.

Blockchain Technology for Cloud Security: Blockchain technology is a promising way to improve
cloud security since it provides decentralized, tamper-proof data storage. Blockchain can reduce
risks like illegal access and data breaches by offering an unchangeable and transparent record.

Cloud-Based Quantum Computing: Because quantum computing can solve complicated problems
tenfold quicker than traditional computers, it has the potential to completely transform a number of
industries. The cloud’s integration of quantum computing will open up new cryptographic options.
 Optimization, among other fields, and drug discovery.

Green Computing Initiatives: Green computing efforts aim to reduce energy usage and carbon
footprint in the IT sector in response to growing concerns about environmental sustainability.
This entails developing energy-efficient hardware, implementing renewable energy sources, and
optimizing data centers.

Ethics Responsible AI: Making sure AI is used ethically and responsibly is crucial as AI gets more
and more ingrained in society. This entails eliminating algorithmic biases, guaranteeing accountability
and transparency in AI systems, and taking the societal effects of AI applications into account.

Each of these themes emphasizes the significance of taking ethical and environmental concerns
into account while developing new technologies, while simultaneously offering exciting chances
for advancement and creativity.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, the ability to access scalable and adaptable computer resources over the internet has
completely changed how firms run. Several advantages, including lower costs, more agility, and
enhanced teamwork, are suggested by key results on cloud usage. But there are obstacles to be
carefully considered, such as security issues and vendor lock-in.

Implications for Research and Industry:

Using cloud computing can help firms become more innovative, competitive, and provide better
consumer experiences. It permits businesses to outsource while concentrating on core strengths.
Administration of IT infrastructure. More investigation is required in the areas of interoperability
standards, security methods, and resource allocation optimization in multi-cloud settings.

Acknowledgement:

The purpose of this study paper is to provide a thorough resource for scholars,
industry professionals, and decision-makers who are interested in learning more about
the state,
difficulties, and potential applications of cloud computing. Through an analysis of its advantages and
disadvantages, this study adds to the current discussion on maximizing cloud computing's promise
while reducing its hazards.

References:

[1] What Is Cloud Computing? | Microsoft Azure. (n.d.). Retrieved May 12, 2024, from
https://azure.microsoft.com/en-in/resources/cloud-computing-dictionary/what-is-cloud-
computing

[2] Architecture of cloud computing- GeeksforGeeks. (n.d.). Geeks for Geeks. Retrieved May 12, 2024,
from https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/cloud-computing/amp/

[3] Custom Software Development Company in India – iSǪUAREBS. (n.d.). iSǪUARE Business Solution
Private Limited. Retrieved May 12, 2024, from https://isquarebs.com

[4] Cloud computing. (2024, May 15). Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_computing

[5] Cloud Deployment Models: Everything about Public, Private and Hybrid. (2023, February 21).
Cloud Training Program. Retrieved May 12, 2024, from
https://k21academy.com/cloud-blogs/cloud- computing-deployment-models/

[6] “Cloud Computing Benefits.” IBM, 14 Mar. 2024, www.ibm.com/topics/cloud-computing.