Arabellapark

Towards a Greener Tomorrow

Seminar paper in
Case Studies of Sustainable Urban Developments and Infrastructure
at the Department of Civil, Geo and Environmental Engineering of the
Technical University of Munich

Supervisors Prof. Dr.-Ing. Werner Lang, Arno Denk

Institute of Energy Efficient and Sustainable Design and Building

Authors Nandu Krishnan Gopalakrishnan, Manasi Arackal Sanu, Mahmoud El-

basty, Sajad Hussain, Gandhi Sagar, Ihtasham Ul Haq, Bahman Ali Big-
zad, Ahmed Raheel

Submitted Munich, 05.08.2024

Contribution Page
Introduction – Gandhi Sagar

Vision – Gandhi Sagar

Well-being and Quality of Life – Nandu Krishnan

Climate Protection and Climate Change Adaptation – Manasi Arackal Sanu

Resource consumption and Waste – Mahmoud Elbasty

Socio-Economic Profile – Sajad Hussain

Building Structure – Gandhi Sagar

Green and Blue Infrastructure – Ihtasham Ul Haq

Mobility – Bahman Ali Bigzad

Energy – Ahmed Raheel

Statement
I hereby certify that I have written this paper independently and have not used any other
sources and aids than those indicated.

Nandu Krishnan Gopalakrishnan

München, 04th August 2024, Nandu Krishnan Gopalakrishnan, Well-Being and Quality of Life

Manasi Arackal Sanu

München, 04th August 2024, Manasi Arackal Sanu, Climate Protection and Climate Change Ad-
aptation

Mahmoud Elbasty
München, 04th August 2024, Mahmoud Elbasty, Resource consumption and Waste

Sajad Hussain
München, 04th August 2024, Sajad Hussain, Socio-Economic Profile

S. H. Gandhi
München, 04th August 2024, Gandhi Sagar (03787722), Building Structures

Ihtasham Ul Haq
München, 04th August 2024, Ihtasham (03791236), Green and Blue Infrastructure

Bahman Ali Bigzad

München, 04th August 2024, Bahman Ali Bigzad (03781099), Mobility

Ahmed Raheel
München, 04th August 2024, Ahmed Raheel (03788277), Energy
Table of Contents

1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 2
1.1. Arabellapark ................................................................................................................ 2
1.2. SWOT Analysis ........................................................................................................... 3
2. Vision ................................................................................................................................. 4
2.1. Resilience and Adaptation........................................................................................... 4
2.2. Mobility and Accessibility............................................................................................. 4
2.3. Sustainable Built Environment .................................................................................... 4
2.4. Socio-Economic Development .................................................................................... 4
2.5. Green and Blue Infrastructure ..................................................................................... 4
2.6. Conclusion .................................................................................................................. 5
3. Well-being and Quality of Life............................................................................................. 6
3.1. Status Quo .................................................................................................................. 6
3.1.1. Location ............................................................................................................... 6
3.1.2. Accessibility ......................................................................................................... 6
3.1.3. Health and Wellness ............................................................................................ 7
3.1.4. Facilities for Leisure ............................................................................................. 8
3.2. Challenges .................................................................................................................. 8
3.2.1. Lacking community engagement .......................................................................... 8
3.2.2. Poor facilities for Children and poor neighborhood connectivity ........................... 8
3.2.3. Public toilets and drinking water fountains............................................................ 9
3.3. Vision ........................................................................................................................ 10
3.4. Actions and Improvements ........................................................................................ 10
3.4.1. Organizing cultural programs and community events ......................................... 10
3.4.2. Providing Public seatings and inclusive playgrounds for children ....................... 11
3.4.3 Providing public toilets and drinking water fountains ................................................ 12
4. Climate Protection and Climate Change Adaptation ......................................................... 14
4.1. Status Quo ................................................................................................................ 14
4.2. Challenges ................................................................................................................ 15
4.2.1. Biodiversity ........................................................................................................ 15
4.2.2. Rising Heat Stress ............................................................................................. 16
4.2.3. Water Stagnation ............................................................................................... 16
4.2.4. Impermeable Pavement ..................................................................................... 17
4.3. Vision ........................................................................................................................ 18
4.4. Improvements & Actions ........................................................................................... 18
4.4.1. Nature based climate and Biodiversity Solution.................................................. 18
4.4.2. Rainwater harvesting in green roofs ................................................................... 19
4.4.3. De-sealing and temporary facades..................................................................... 19
5. Resource consumption and Waste ................................................................................... 21
5.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................... 21
5.2. Analysis .................................................................................................................... 21
5.2.1. Water consumption ............................................................................................ 21
5.2.2. Energy Consumption.......................................................................................... 21
5.2.3. Waste Generation .............................................................................................. 22
5.3. Challenges ................................................................................................................ 23
5.3.1. High Energy Consumption ................................................................................. 23
5.3.2. Water Waste ...................................................................................................... 23
5.4.1. Smart Grid and Renewable Energy Integration .................................................. 24
5.4.2. Water Conservation and Efficiency .................................................................... 24
5.4.3. Zero Waste and Circular Economy Comprehensive Recycling and Composting
Programs ......................................................................................................................... 25
5.5. Improvements and Actions ........................................................................................ 25
5.5.1. Building Retrofitting and Energy Audits .............................................................. 25
5.5.2. Solar Energy Integration .................................................................................... 25
5.5.3. Smart Grid Implementation ................................................................................ 25
5.5.4. Smart Water Meters ........................................................................................... 26
5.5.5. Water-Efficient Fixtures and Appliances ............................................................. 26
5.6. Conclusion ................................................................................................................ 27
6. Socio-Economic Profile .................................................................................................... 28
6.1.1. Economic Profile: ............................................................................................... 28
6.1.2. Demographics: ................................................................................................... 29
6.2. Challenges: ............................................................................................................... 30
6.2.1. Gentrification: ..................................................................................................... 30
6.2.2. Loneliness and Aging Population: ...................................................................... 30
6.3. Vision: ....................................................................................................................... 31
6.4. Improvements and Actions ........................................................................................ 31
6.4.1. Addressing Housing Affordability and Gentrification: .......................................... 31
6.4.2. Combating Loneliness and Supporting the Elderly: ............................................ 32
6.4.3. Enhancing Community Integration: .................................................................... 33
7. Building Structure ............................................................................................................. 34
7.1. Status Quo ................................................................................................................ 34
7.1.1. The Locality ....................................................................................................... 34
7.1.2. High-Rise Cluster ............................................................................................... 34
7.2. Challenges ................................................................................................................ 35
7.2.1. Impact on Carbon Footprint................................................................................ 35
7.2.2. Energy Inefficiency in Buildings .......................................................................... 36
7.2.3. Inadequacy and Unaffordability of Real Estate ................................................... 36
7.2.4. Building Obsolescence....................................................................................... 37
 7.3. Vision ........................................................................................................................ 37
7.4. Improvements & Actions ........................................................................................... 37
7.4.1. Taking a Backtrack towards Future .................................................................... 37
7.4.2. Sustainable Energy Efficiency ............................................................................ 38
7.4.3. Adaptive Mixed Reuse of Real Estate ................................................................ 39
7.4.4. Sustainable Urban Renewal ............................................................................... 40
8. Green and Blue Infrastructure .......................................................................................... 41
8.1. Status Quo ................................................................................................................ 41
8.1.1. Commercial and Residential Area ...................................................................... 41
8.2. Challenges ................................................................................................................ 41
8.2.1. Concrete pavements / Impermeable surfaces .................................................... 41
8.2.2. Policies for grey water ........................................................................................ 42
8.3. Vision ........................................................................................................................ 43
8.4. Improvements and Actions ........................................................................................ 44
8.4.1. Expand green roofs and develop green vertical systems on existing structures. 44
8.4.2. Construct accessible public water bodies ........................................................... 45
8.4.3. Replace concrete pavements with permeable pavements .................................. 46
9. Mobility ............................................................................................................................. 47
9.1. Status quo ................................................................................................................. 47
9.2. Connection Between City and Neighborhood Vision ................................................. 48
9.3. Main Challenges ....................................................................................................... 49
.9.4 Improvements and Actions ........................................................................................ 51

9.4.1. Dynamic Parking Allocation System ................................................................... 51

9.4.2. Park-and-Ride Facilities ..................................................................................... 51
9.4.3. Parking Regulations and Incentives ................................................................... 51
9.4.4. Noise Barriers and Green Buffers ...................................................................... 52
9.5. Conclusion ................................................................................................................ 52
10. Energy .......................................................................................................................... 53
10.1. Overview ............................................................................................................... 53
10.2. Challenges ............................................................................................................ 54
10.2.1. Green Energy and Exceeding Demand .......................................................... 54
10.2.2. Lack of Photovoltaic Installation in Arabellapark ............................................. 54
10.2.3. Building Age ................................................................................................... 56
10.3. Vision .................................................................................................................... 57
10.4.3. Smart Grid Implementation ............................................................................. 59
10.5. Conclusion............................................................................................................. 60
11. Synergies and Conflicts ................................................................................................ 61
11.1. General ................................................................................................................. 61
11.2. Synergies & Conflicts............................................................................................. 61
List of abbreviations

Please list the abbreviations used here. If you do not need it, please delete this page.

PV Private Vehicle

EV Electrical Vehicle

MaaS Mobility as a Service

1. Introduction

Urban development has conventionally focused on economic growth and infrastructural expan-
sion, often at the cost of environmental sustainability and social equity. However, with the growing
acknowledgement of the aftermath of global warming and reckless resource consumption, sus-
tainable urban development has become a vital focus for cities worldwide. This seminar paper
explores sustainable urban developments and infrastructure through detailed case studies, of-
fering insights into effective strategies and practices.

1.1. Arabellapark

The site of Arabellapark is in the Bogenhausen district of Munich, which is on the eastern bank
of the river Isar. The locality is spread across approximately 0.43 km², consisting of seven streets,
namely Arabellastraße, Vollmannstraße, Denningerstraße, Englschalkingerstraße, Daph-
nestraße, Rosenkavalierplatz, and Elektrastraße. The neighborhood is well connected to public
modes of transportation such as subway line U-4, and numerous bus and tram lines.

Figure 1.1: Bogenhausen, Munich (www.google.com/maps)

1 It is a prime example of urban development that strives to balance modern living with sustain-
able practices. But it was not the same way. Moving down the timeline, the district was a farming
village until 1892, when it was included in the city limits. It then turned out to be the most elegant

2
and upscale district to live in Munich [1.1]. The area was later developed during the 1960s and
1970s and designed to accommodate the growing population of Munich with a focus on functional
urban living. Over the years, it has evolved to incorporate sustainability elements, making it a
noteworthy case study.

1.2. SWOT Analysis

SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats - Analysis) is an efficient

way to critically evaluate sustainability aspects for a locality.

Strength:
Weakness:
- Heart of city
- Poor green & blue infrastr.
- Isar in proximity
- Poor socio-economic
- High Public Transport accessibility
- Buildings old in age
- Wide pedestrain zone

SWOT
Analysis

Opportunity: Threat:
- Upgradation of Built Envio. - Unaffordability
- Increase in ground water table - Congestion
- Increased adoption of EVs - Rapid technological advancement
- Transition of Energy - Increase in heat demand

Figure 1.2: SWOT Analysis (self-generated)

Located in the heart of the city and near the Isar, this area boasts high public transport accessi-
bility and a wide pedestrian zone. However, it suffers from poor green and blue infrastructure,
socio-economic challenges, and aging buildings. Opportunities include upgrading the built envi-
ronment, increasing the groundwater table, greater adoption of electric vehicles, and energy tran-
sition. Threats involve unaffordability, congestion, rapid technological advancements, and in-
creased heat demand.

3
2. Vision

Our vision is to create Arabellapark into a locality that is vibrant, green, and interconnected urban
space that harmonizes with its enviornment, promotes social and economic development, and
improves the quality of life for all residents.

2.1. Resilience and Adaptation

Smart city technologies are designed to improve governance and energy efficiency, while com-
munity engagement programs are designed to encourage citizens to take part in the transition
towards a sustainable future. Predicting and mitigating potential hazards to ensure that Arabel-
lapark remains a vibrant and resilient urban space.

2.2. Mobility and Accessibility

Mobility's vision aligns with the City of Munich's ambitious goals for sustainable transportation.
The influx of workers leads to challenges like limited parking, reliance on personal vehicles, and
high noise pollution. To support Munich's vision, Arabellapark aims to enhance the quality of
life, support climate protection, and contribute to the city's goals through dynamic parking and
noise reduction, transforming into a model sustainable neighborhood.

2.3. Sustainable Built Environment

We aim to significantly reduce carbon footprints and promote energy efficiency by retrofitting
existing buildings with energy-efficient technologies and sustainable materials. Green roofs, fa-
çade solar panels, and clean energy sources will further strengthen our commitment to sustain-
ability.

2.4. Socio-Economic Development

Our vision includes initiatives to imrpove education, healthcare, and employment opportunities,
to ensure non-discriminatory access to resources and services. By fostering a diverse and dy-
namic economy, we aim to fascinate economy and talent that will drive innovation and prosperity
in Arabellapark.

2.5. Green and Blue Infrastructure

4
Widening green spaces and improving blue infrastructure are central elements of our vision. We
tend to create extensive parks, community gardens, and recreational areas that promote physical
well-being and social interaction, offering unique opportunities in creation of waterfront spaces
that encourage a connection with nature and provide areas for relaxation.

2.6. Conclusion

Our vision for Arabellapark Munich is to create a sustainable, inclusive, and resilient urban envi-
ronment that meets the needs of both present and future generations. Through mindful planning
and innovative solutions, Arabellapark can be transformed into a model of sustainable urban
development, setting an example for other cities to follow.

5
3. Well-being and Quality of Life

3.1. Status Quo

3.1.1. Location

Arabella Park is a residential and commercial area in the Bogenhausen neighborhood of Munich,
Germany, created between 1965 and 1998 [3.1]. The area includes businesses, private apart-
ments, and hotels but is primarily used for offices. Arabella Park is the home to 10,000 people
as of 31 March. 2024, and other 18,000 work in offices, stores, and hotels [3.2].

Figure 3.1: Arabella Park, Munich Aerial View

3.1.2. Accessibility
Arabella Park is an excellent example of a ten-minute walking neighbourhood. It is a large pe-
destrian zone with designated bike lanes on the streets and various sustainable mobility elements
such as electric vehicle charging stations, bike-sharing services, and pedestrian-friendly infra-
structure. Rosenkavalienstrasse is the centre of the Arabella Park, which is close to the U-bahn
Station and the Bus lanes. The centre area is rich in amenities, including supermarkets, restau-
rants, training centres, gift shops, a library, medical shops, healthcare centres, etc.
6
Residential areas are located near the bustling centre, within a comfortable walking distance of
10-15 minutes. The area hums with activity during working hours, as both working people and
residents contribute to its vibrant energy. The Bavarian State Ministry of the Environment and
Consumer Protection, BayWa, and The Westin Grand Munich are the main attractions of this
area, adding to its dynamic balance.

3.1.3. Health and Wellness

Mental health is a state of mental well-being that enables people to cope with the stresses of life,
realize their abilities, learn well and work well, and contribute to their community. The character-
istics of cities, their natural and built environment, and the different features of neighborhoods
can affect mental health (WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2018) [3.5]. Arabella Park has a better
green structure on the streets, buildings, and public areas. Residential area backyards also have
good greenery. Blue Infrastructure is lacking in Arabella Park; enhancing the blue infrastructure
is essential for well-being, supporting local biodiversity, and a climate-friendly environment.

Figure 3.2: Trees on the pedestrian walkway [ Site visit]

7
3.1.4. Facilities for Leisure
Leisure activities are frequently defined as voluntary non-work activities that are engaged in for
enjoyment and encompass actions [3.6]. Arabella Park provides opportunities and spaces for the
residents to interact after busy hours. The central area has many restaurants providing outdoor
benches to interact and have fun, a theatre for children, a public library, parks, public benches,
etc.

3.2. Challenges

3.2.1. Lacking community engagement

As discussed above, 10,000 people live in Arabella Park, and another 18.000 work in offices,
stores, and hotels. During working hours, Arabella Park is crowded with people and workers. But
after working hours and on weekends almost all the places are empty.

Most of the population in Arabella Park is aged, so on the weekends, there is no entertainment
for their generation. Active engagement in life is a critical factor for successful aging. Research
indicates community engagement is strongly associated with health and well-being in late life
[3.7].

Figure 3.3: Vacant streets after working hours [Site visit]

3.2.2. Poor facilities for Children and poor neighborhood connectivity

Arabella Park has a Kinder Garden at a walking distance of 5 minutes from
Rosenkavalienstrasse. But the park near the kinder garden at Elektrastrasse doesn’t have

8
enough playing equipment for the children and seating for the adults. The Fussball ground in
Arabella Park is also not active.

The backyards of residential buildings in Arabella Park have good greenery, but they are not
used sufficiently. Physical activity alone can benefit emotional well-being, but the thoughts and
emotions children experience on the playground during unstructured playtime are also beneficial
[3.9].

Figure 3.4: Poorly maintained park in Elektrstrasse [site visit]

3.2.3. Public toilets and drinking water fountains

Access to water and sanitation services in public spaces is essential to building clean, safe, and
inclusive environments. The government’s efforts to provide essential water and sanitation ser-
vices have primarily focused on the home. However, the need to access bathrooms and drinking
water goes beyond the household sphere and extends to public spaces, where some people
spend long periods [3.10]. However, Arabella Park lacks public toilets, and no water fountains
were found in the public areas

9
3.3. Vision

To make Arabella Park a sustainable city by promoting well-being and a better quality of life for
people of all genders and ages by providing more facilities and opportunities to connect the
neighborhood.

Figure 3.5: A conceptual health and wellness district

3.4. Actions and Improvements

3.4.1. Organizing cultural programs and community events

Festivals and cultural programs help to shape community identities and generate a shared sense
of belonging and identity. Collaboratively produced events rooted in culture, heritage, memories,
and shared experiences can lead to a collective process of placemaking, which could reduce
social isolation at an individual level [3.11].

Organizing cultural programs in Arabella Park involving all age groups will encourage residents
to interact and promote social inclusiveness. Participation in a festival or event allows an individ-
ual community member or a family to enact their commitment to being an active community
member – a good citizen and a potential partner in mutually reciprocal relationships. In this way,
events can function as ways to ‘unlock community assets.’ These include social capital, commu-
nal solidarity, identity, and leveraging infrastructure development [3.12].

10
Figure 3.6: October fest in Munich city

3.4.2. Providing Public seatings and inclusive playgrounds for children

Community playgrounds are the perfect spot to introduce and encourage social play among chil-
dren. When children meet and connect with other kids on the playground, it teaches them im-
portant lessons about social norms and how to interact with others, all of which will be useful in
adult relationships [3.14]. In short, interactive play can be a crucial way for children to develop
critical social skills. Active play also provides an effective outlet for helping children process their
emotions and improve their mental health.

The Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends children should have at
least 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity every day. Playground equipment like
slides, swings, climbers, and other playground components help kids meet their recommended
daily physical activity [3.12]. Physical activity can help combat the issue of childhood obesity,
which currently affects 19.7% of children and adolescents ages 2 through 19, according to the
CDC. Playground access is an effective solution to help children stay healthy [3.12].

Seating is an essential contributor to the social effectiveness of public spaces due to its ability to
support stay activities. Studies conducted at Queen Street Mall in Brisbane and Mount Lavinia
Beach suggest that increased shading, shelter, and a redesign of seating focus on encouraging
prolonged stay activities to improve the sociability of public places.

11
Figure 3.7: Well-equipped playgrounds for children

3.4.3 Providing public toilets and drinking water fountains

Public toilets are essential infrastructure to guarantee the right to sanitation in public spaces and
the right to inclusive and sustainable cities. Implementing Portable toilets reduces the contami-
nation of urban water bodies, contributing to cleaner and safer urban environments.

Figure 3.8: Portable Toilets

12
They can boost local economies by making cities more attractive to tourists. According to the
International Tourism Association, tourists are more likely to visit areas with accessible public
restrooms [3.16].

The goal is to transform the neighbourhood into a lively, multipurpose social community where
people feel linked to their surroundings through the renovation of Spielplatz and the provision of
green public space. By considering the needs of all age groups—from young children to the
elderly and families—the improvements hope to promote social contact and diversity within the
community. The intention is to improve inhabitants' well-being and provide them with social and
practical benefits, ultimately raising their standard of living.

13
4. Climate Protection and Climate Change Adaptation

4.1. Status Quo

The region of Arabellapark is a mixed land used comprised of commercial and residential areas.
The heat stress in the main market square is found to be extremely high during the hot summer
days. The uneven distribution of the green spaces and lack of blue structures combined with the
sealed pavements make the major park and the main market square along the
Rosenkavalierplatz unattractive and not climate resilient. The region Most commercial buildings
in the region are equipped with green roofs. Some of the buildings include the HVB Tower,
BayWa Tower, and the Westin Grand Hotel. The climate-induced heat stress also plays a major
role in the region. Hence the quality of green spaces must be greatly enhanced in the region with
efficient and feasible methods to help protect the climate [4.1]. The region holds a great potential
for investments in the rehabilitation and implementation of future sustainable activities. An exam-
ple is the picture of a park located to the south of the Elektrastrasse which holds a great oppor-
tunity in creating a valuable ecological and recreational asset.

Figure 4.1: Poorly Maintained Park (site visit)

14
Also, the higher building density, uneven distribution of greens, and the absence of green struc-
tures make developments relatively species-poor [4.2]. This is clearly visible in the biodiversity
distribution of fauna species discussed in the challenges section.

Arabellapark, which is in the Bogenhausen district of Munich, is defined as one of the ten hotspots
of urban change under the “Perspective Munich Urban Development Concept”. It mainly aims at
the development of green areas and the development of social and cultural infrastructure cate-
gories under the plan. Hence the consideration of the macroscopic climate impacting issues and
the actions described in this section helps to reinforce the development concept in a feasible
way.

4.2. Challenges

4.2.1. Biodiversity
Urban biodiversity is important in maintaining the urban ecosystem, which can solve the climate
issues in cities and reduce the risks, thereby improving livability [4.3]. The region of Arabellapark
is observed to have a lower biodiversity distribution due to the increased urbanization of the
region. The major street paths are surrounded by trees. However, the area lacks diversity in
fauna. The observed fauna includes pigeons, snails, crows, ants, squirrels, bumblebees,
housecats, slugs, rats, and spiders. Hence it is important to promote and extend the fauna diver-
sity in the region so a future can be promised for the animals instead of a collapsing ecosystem
[4.4].

Figure 4.2: Slug in sidewalk in Arabellapark (site visit)

15
4.2.2. Rising Heat Stress
The region of Arabellapark has a main square that facilitates social and cultural interaction for
the people and the residents. The area is surrounded by commercial buildings and resting places
for people. However, the no or little number of greens, commercial buildings, and the presence
of concrete pavements tend to trap heat, thereby causing an increased temperature in the main
square. These thermal effects change cause an urban heat island effect [4.5]. This means people
do not utilize the facility during hot summer days. This phenomenon contributes to higher air
pollution, higher daytime temperature, heat exhaustion and heat stroke in people [4.6]. Hence it
is important to protect the area in Arabellapark against the rising temperatures.

Figure 4.3: Main square in Arabellapark (site visit)

4.2.3. Water Stagnation

Water stagnation is observed in many parts of the region in Arabellapark after heavy rainfall. This
is mainly caused by the low porosity of the ground. The ground is found to be sealed by concrete
pavements in both commercial and residential properties. The increasing unusual rainfall pat-
terns in the region, coupled with converting the natural landscape into impervious surfaces, re-
duces the infiltration rate into the ground. This increases the risk of flooding in the region [4.7].

16
Figure 4.4: Stagnant water after heavy rainfall in Arabellapark (site visit)

4.2.4. Impermeable Pavement

The main square in Arabellapark, located to the South and North of Rosenkavalierplatz Street,
is laid extensively by impermeable concrete pavements, which makes it insufficient for the see
age of rainwater to go into the ground in events of heavy rainfall. The excess water is accumu-
lating in the nearby small depressions within the ground. This is mainly due to the hindrance
caused by the pavement for the stormwater to seep underground. The impermeable pavement
also contributes to the heat stress in the main square during hot summer days by absorbing more
solar radiation [4.8]. This contributes to the heat Island Effect in the region.

Figure 4.5: Sealed Pavement in the main market square (site visit)

17
4.3. Vision

The vision is the integration of nature-based solutions into the existing system, thereby improving
the adaptability of the region to ongoing and future climate changes.

4.4. Improvements & Actions

4.4.1. Nature based climate and Biodiversity Solution

Nature-based solutions (NbS) are defined by the IUCN as “actions to protect, sustainably man-
age and restore natural or modified ecosystems that address societal challenges effectively and
adaptively, simultaneously providing human well-being and biodiversity benefits”. A park is lo-
cated to the South of the Elektrastraße in Arabellapark, which is completely unused and ill-main-
tained. However, it has great potential for integrating climate projects into its green spaces. Water
volume structures could be built where new urban animal species can be introduced thereby
recalling the ecosystem and increasing the biodiversity distribution in the region. Rainwater col-
lected from the rooftops of the nearby commercial and residential buildings can be directed into
the park's public fountain, thereby implementing a climate adaptive innovation. The Enghav-
enparken located in Copenhagen is an example where the usage of rainwater in the public foun-
tain is used on a large scale [4.9].

Figure 4.6: Water work in Enghavenparken (https://www.tredjenatur.dk/en/portfolio/enghaveparken-climate-park/)

18
4.4.2. Rainwater harvesting in green roofs
Some of the commercial buildings in Arabellapark, such as the HVB Tower and BayWa Tower,
are equipped with green roofs. However, integrating rainwater harvesting into the existing green
roofs helps increase energy efficiency and climate mitigation. The water collected via rainwater
harvesting can be used for watering the green roofs, the public fountains, and other nearby blue
structures, especially in the summer. This helps to reduce the flood risk during heavy rainfall by
reducing the run-offs and offers increased biodiversity [4.10]. This also helps in the feasible in-
stallation of the blue structures in the region. Hence, the combination of green roofs and rainwater
harvesting in the region provides a very promising future for climate adaptation measures. The
performance of the rainwater harvesting system increases with the increase in the green roof
area.

Figure 4.7: Green roofs on the Westin Grand Hotel (site visit)

4.4.3. De-sealing and temporary facades

Intense rainfall patterns and low permeable surfaces increase the peak flow rate and stormwater
runoff. The sealed pavement in the main market square can be replaced by grass pavers, which
ensures an efficient stormwater management system by increasing the porosity and allowing the

19
rainwater to percolate into the sub-surface. This can be coupled with temporary sunshades,
which provide shading during hot summer days. Hence, the combination of grass pavements and
temporary shadings helps to mitigate the heat island effect in the main market square. Also, it
helps to mitigate water stagnation since it increases the water permeability. The challenges faced
by the accessibility of people in wheelchairs can be puzzled out to some extent by integrating a
walkway ramp, as shown in the picture. Proper maintenance of the structure is also crucial in
enhancing the social benefits, thereby maintaining its efficiency for a longer period [4.11].

Figure 4.8: walkway ramp along grass pavement

(https://www.gardenista.com/posts/everything-need-know-grass-block-pavers/)

20
5. Resource consumption and Waste

5.1. Introduction

Arabella Park, founded in the eastern part of Munich, is a bustling urban area known for its mix
of residential, commercial, and office spaces. This diversity makes it a unique case study for
analyzing resource consumption and waste management. Understanding the status and chal-
lenges is crucial for developing effective strategies to improve sustainability.

5.2. Analysis

5.2.1. Current Status

Arabella Park, a prominent neighborhood in Munich, presents a complex landscape for resource
consumption and waste management. The area's unique blend of residential, commercial, and
recreational spaces results in diverse resource demands and waste production patterns. Under-
standing the status of these elements is essential for identifying improvement opportunities and
formulating effective solutions.

5.2.2. Water consumption

Water usage in Arabella Park is notably high, driven by the needs of its dense population, busi-
nesses, and community facilities. The area hosts numerous hotels, restaurants, and office build-
ings, all contributing to significant water demand. Current data indicates that the daily water con-
sumption per capita in Arabella Park surpasses the average for Munich. This elevated consump-
tion is partly due to older infrastructure, which is less efficient and more prone to leaks. [5.1]

Domestic Use: Households in Arabella Park consume large volumes of water for daily activities
such as cooking, cleaning, and bathing.

Commercial Use: Businesses, especially those in the hospitality sector, use substantial amounts
of water for operations like laundry services, food preparation, and maintenance.

Public Amenities: Parks, fountains, and recreational facilities also contribute to the overall water
demand. [5.2]

5.2.3. Energy Consumption

Energy usage in Arabella Park is another critical aspect, characterized by high demand for heat-
ing, cooling, and electricity. The area's energy consumption patterns are influenced by the di-
verse mix of buildings and their varying energy needs. The energy mix remains heavily reliant on
21
non-renewable sources, despite growing awareness and efforts to promote energy efficiency.
[5.3]

Residential Energy Use: Heating and cooling homes, along with everyday electricity needs, ac-
count for a massive portion of energy consumption.

Commercial Energy Use: Office buildings, retail spaces, and hospitality venues require substan-
tial energy for lighting, heating, air conditioning, and equipment operation.

Public Infrastructure: Street lighting, public transport systems, and municipal buildings also con-
tribute to the area's energy demand. [5.4]

5.2.4. Waste Generation

Waste management in Arabella Park is a pressing issue, with substantial volumes of waste gen-
erated daily. The neighborhood produces a diverse array of waste types, including residential,
commercial, and industrial waste. Effective waste management practices are critical to minimiz-
ing environmental impact and enhancing sustainability. [5.5]

Residential Waste: Households generate several types of waste, including organic waste, recy-
clables, and non-recyclables.

Commercial Waste: Businesses produce massive quantities of packaging waste, food waste,
and office waste.

Industrial Waste: Light industrial activities contribute additional waste streams, often requiring
specialized disposal methods. [5.6]

Figure 5.1 Waste hierarchy (DIRECTIVE2008/98/EC,2008)

22
5.3. Challenges

5.3.1 High Energy Consumption

Despite efforts to increase energy efficiency, the overall energy consumption remains high, con-
tributing to greenhouse gas emissions. [5.7]

3.3.2 Water Waste

Water waste presents another critical challenge in Arabella Park, driven by both infrastructural
inefficiencies and high consumption rates.

Inefficient water usage and leaks in the old infrastructure lead to wastage. [5.8]

5.3.3 Waste Management

Inadequate recycling facilities and public awareness contribute to a high volume of waste being
sent to landfills. [5.9]

Figure5.2: IoT in intelligent waste management

5.4. Vision for Arabella Park

Arabella Park envisions a future where resource consumption and waste management practices
are optimized to create a sustainable, efficient, and environmentally friendly urban environment.

23
The goal is to transform Arabella Park into a model neighborhood that balances the needs of its
residents and businesses with the imperatives of environmental stewardship and sustainability.

Figure 5.3 : Co-benefits of reduced consumption with climate mitigation and increased well-being (OlgaKhroustaleva, 2021)

5.5. Integrated Resource Management

5.5.1. Smart Grid and Renewable Energy Integration

Vision: Develop an integrated smart grid system that optimizes energy distribution and consump-
tion, coupled with a significant increase in renewable energy sources such as solar and wind
power. [5.10]

Outcome: Reduced reliance on non-renewable energy sources, lower greenhouse gas emis-
sions, and enhanced energy security.

5.5.2. Water Conservation and Efficiency

Vision: Achieve a substantial reduction in water consumption through the implementation of ad-
vanced water-saving technologies and infrastructure upgrades. [5.11]

Outcome: Significant decrease in water wastage, lower utility bills for residents and businesses,
and improved resilience against drought conditions.
24
5.5.3. Zero Waste and Circular Economy Comprehensive Recycling and Composting Pro-
grams
Vision: Establish a zero-waste framework that prioritizes waste reduction, recycling, and com-
posting, thereby minimizing landfill contributions and promoting a circular economy. [5.12]

Outcome: Drastically reduced landfill waste, higher recycling and composting rates, and the cre-
ation of a more sustainable local economy through the reuse and repurposing of materials.

5.5.4. Sustainable Product and Packaging Design

Vision: Encourage the development and use of sustainable products and packaging that mini-
mize environmental impact and support the principles of a circular economy. [5.13]

Outcome: Decreased environmental footprint of products and packaging, reduced waste gener-
ation, and strengthened market for sustainable goods.

5.6. Actions and outcomes

To achieve the vision for Arabella Park, a comprehensive set of improvements and actions must
be implemented. These initiatives will focus on enhancing resource efficiency, reducing waste,
and promoting sustainable practices among residents and businesses. Below are detailed ac-
tions and improvements across various domains.

5.7. Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy

5.7.1. Building Retrofitting and Energy Audits

Action: Conduct comprehensive energy audits for all residential and commercial buildings to
identify areas for improvement.

Outcome: Significant reduction in energy consumption, lower utility costs, and improved comfort
for occupants. [5.14]

5.7.2. Solar Energy Integration

Action: Encourage the installation of solar panels on rooftops through subsidies and incentives.

Outcome: Increased use of renewable energy, reduced reliance on fossil fuels, and lower green-
house gas emissions. [5.15]

5.7.3. Smart Grid Implementation

Action: Develop a smart grid infrastructure that enables real-time monitoring and management
of energy use.
25
Outcome: Enhanced energy efficiency reduced peak demand, and improved grid reliability.
[5.16]

5.8. Water Conservation and Management

5.8.1. Smart Water Meters

Action: Install smart water meters in all residential and commercial buildings to monitor water
use in real time.

Outcome: Reduced water waste, lower utility bills, and more efficient water use. [5.17]

5.8.2. Water-Efficient Fixtures and Appliances

Action: Promote the adoption of water-efficient fixtures and appliances through rebates and ed-
ucational campaigns.

Outcome: Significant reduction in water consumption and improved sustainability of water re-
sources. [5.18]

5.9. Waste Management and Recycling

5.9.1. Enhanced Recycling Programs

Action: Expand recycling facilities to handle a broader range of materials and improve accessi-
bility.

Outcome: Higher recycling rates, reduced landfill waste, and more efficient resource use. [5.19]

Figure 5.4: Architecture of smart waste management syste

26
5.10. Conclusion

By focusing on these visionary goals, Arabella Park can become a leading example of sustaina-
ble urban living, showing how modern neighborhoods can effectively manage resources, reduce
waste, and enhance the quality of life for their residents while minimizing environmental impact.
This vision requires collaboration among government, businesses, and the community, sup-
ported by innovative policies and investments in sustainable infrastructure and technologies.

27
6. Socio-Economic Profile

Arabellapark is one of Munich's most elite neighborhoods, known for its high property values,
upmarket facilities, and diversified demographics. Its economic and social qualities emphasize
its standing as a high-value residential and business neighborhood.

6.1. Economic Profile:

Arabellapark is famous for its opulence, having some of the highest property and rental expenses
in Munich. This wealth is mirrored in the district's strong economic profile, which includes a large
concentration of high-paying positions in professional services, banking, and technology. The
region has various corporate offices, luxury retail outlets, and fine dining facilities, which contrib-
ute to its image as a premium locale. [6.1]

6.1.1. Property and Rental Costs:

One important measure of Arabellapark's economic standing is the high price of real estate there.
Due to the district's attraction to rich people and investors, properties there fetch premium prices,
and rental charges are also high. [6.2]

6.1.2. Employment and Business Environment:

Arabellapark's robust presence in professional services, finance, and technology underpins its
economic environment. A thriving economic environment is produced by a large number of cor-
porate offices and upscale firms, which also contribute to the district's economic vitality by creat-
ing high-paying work possibilities [6.3]. On the east bank of the Isar River, Arabellapark is a
significant business center, as seen in Figure 6.1. Its classification as a major commercial space
highlights its vital significance in the local economy, presumably housing a variety of companies
and services that stimulate the local economy. Arabel-lapark's advantageous location to the east
of the Isar implies that it enjoys good connection and accessibility, which increases its appeal as
a business destination. This importance suggests that Arabellapark is essential to urban devel-
opment initiatives and has a significant impact on the city's business environment.

28
Figure 6.1: Commercial space east of the Isar

(https://www.munich-business.eu/en/business-location/commercial-space-locations/east-munich.html)

6.2. Demographics:

The demographic composition of Arabellapark is diverse, encompassing families, professionals,

retirees, and a significant expatriate community. This diversity adds to the district's cultural rich-
ness and complexity.

6.2.1. Population Diversity:

The district is home to a mix of different demographic groups, including affluent families, working
professionals, and retirees. The presence of expatriates adds to the international character of
the area, supported by amenities such as international schools and specialized healthcare facil-
ities.

6.2.2. Elderly Population:

Arabellapark has a notable elderly population, many of whom live in specialized housing de-
signed to accommodate their needs. This demographic trend highlights the importance of provid-
ing adequate services and amenities for older residents [6.4]

29
6.3. Challenges:

6.3.1. Gentrification:
Gentrification poses a significant challenge in Arabellapark, driven by rising property values and
rental costs. This trend can lead to the displacement of lower-income residents and changes in
the socio-economic fabric of the district [6.5]

6.3.2. Potential Dislocation and Rent Increase:

An example of this challenge is the planned demolition of the Arabella Hochhaus, which houses
550 apartments. Scheduled for demolition by 2030, this project exemplifies how gentrification
can lead to increased rent pressures and the potential displacement of existing residents [6.5].
Figure 6.2: shows the massive structure of Arabellahaus Munich.

Figure 6.2: Arabellahaus Munich

https://sheraton-munich-arabellapark.hoteles-munich.com/en/#main

6.3.3. Loneliness and Aging Population:

The elderly population in Arabellapark faces challenges related to loneliness, particularly after
office hours. Many elderly residents live in older housing that may lack modern amenities and
social infrastructure. Figure 6.3 An older person waving from a window.

30
The need for upgraded housing that meets contemporary accessibility standards is critical for
supporting the elderly population. Many older housing units may not provide the necessary amen-
ities or integration with community resources.

Figure 6.3:An older person waving from a window (www.berlin.de/en/news/8049977-5559700-more-home-visits-combat-loneli-

ness.en.html)

6.4. Vision:

The vision for Arabellapark is to balance its economic affluence with social inclusivity and sus-
tainability. This includes addressing the challenges posed by gentrification, supporting the elderly
population, and making a cohesive and supportive community. The goal is to create a district that
remains desirable for affluent residents while also being inclusive and supportive of diverse de-
mographic groups.

6.5. Improvements and Actions

6.5.1. Addressing Housing Affordability and Gentrification:

• Rent Control Measures:
Implementing rent control policies, such as Mietpreisbremse, is essential to stabilize
rental prices and prevent excessive increases. This policy would provide greater housing
security for lower-income residents and promote more equitable access to housing [6.6]

• Encouraging New and Social Housing:

31
 Promote the construction of new residential developments that include affordable and
social housing units. This can be achieved through incentives for developers to incorpo-
rate affordable units in new projects or through direct public investment in social housing.

• Preservation of Affordable Housing:

Protect existing affordable housing from being replaced by high-end developments. Ef-
forts to preserve and refurbish older buildings that offer lower-cost housing options are
crucial for maintaining housing diversity.

6.5.2. Combating Loneliness and Supporting the Elderly:

• Community Centres and Social Events:
Establish community centres that offer a range of activities and services tailored to elderly
residents. These centres should act as hubs for social interaction and support, reducing
loneliness and fostering a sense of community

Organize regular social events and activities that cater to the interests of elderly residents.
Activities could include hobby groups, cultural events, and fitness classes.

• Innovative Social Models:

Implement social models like the "Men’s Sheds" in Australia, which provide spaces where
elderly individuals can gather, socialize, and engage in communal projects. This approach
can help combat loneliness and encourage social engagement among older adults [6.7].
Figure 6.4 shows The Men's Shed in Jedburgh.

Figure 6.4: The Men's Shed in Jedburgh as example of community centre

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Men%27s_shed#/media/File:Jed_shed_refurbishing.jpg

32
 • Upgrading Specialized Housing:
Invest in modernizing specialized housing for elderly residents to ensure it meets current
accessibility standards and offers supportive services. This includes integrating housing
with community resources to enhance the quality of life for older adults.

6.5.3. Enhancing Community Integration:

• Inclusive Community Programs:

Develop programs that promote inclusivity and community engagement across different
demographic groups. Initiatives should encourage interaction between expatriates, pro-
fessionals, families, and retirees, fostering a cohesive community

By implementing these improvements and actions, Arabellapark can address key socio-eco-
nomic challenges, support a diverse community, and enhance its status as a desirable district in
Munich.

33
7. Building Structure

7.1. Status Quo

7.1.1. The Locality

Munich is home for 1594632 people as on 31st May 2024 [7.1], being third largest city in Germany,
after Berlin and Hamburg [7.2]. Arabellapark is a district in the Bogenhausen neighborhood of
Munich (Figure 7.1). It showcases an amalgamation of modernist architectural styles that were
popular during its establishment in 1960s and 1970s, including high-rise buildings for residential
& commercial purposes, and effective land use.

Figure 7.1: Layout of Arabellapark (provided)

7.1.2. High-Rise Cluster

Until the 1960s, Arabellapark was largely undeveloped. Development plan started to implement
in the year 1965 and came up with many high-rise buildings [7.3]. It became one of the few high-
rise clusters in the skyline of Munich [7.4]. Some of the prominent high-rise landmarks are Ara-
bella-Hochhaus, BayWa, Hypo-Hochhaus or HVB tower (Figure 7.2). It is home to more than
10000 residents. It is widely considered that the number of users is defining life in a city. But the
amount of time people spend in the city space is often overseen [7.5]. It includes workspaces for
more than 18000 people at any point of working time [7.4].

34
Figure 7.2: Arabellapark in 1970s (www.nordostkultur-muenchen.de/viertel/bogenhausen/arabellapark.htm)

7.2. Challenges

Ever since the beginning of humankind, cloth, housing and food have been considered the sim-
plest but the most essential in life. The statement is evident with the fact that concrete is the
second most consumed material in the world, after water [7.6]. But in this fast-growing trendy
world, sustainability has been by far looked over with construction.

7.2.1. Impact on Carbon Footprint

Figure 7.3: Production of cement (www.scientificamerican.com/article/solving-cements-massive-carbon-problem)

35
Arabellapark being a home to various aesthetics structural forms and Edifices. Building with steel
and concrete comes at a cost of lots of carbon (Figure 7.3), energy consumption, manpower,
time, risk, and of course dead weight [7.7]. Timber has been evidently used as a primary con-
struction material ever since humans left caves. How about walking backwards to attain sustain-
ability, in sync with the current requirements?

7.2.2. Energy Inefficiency in Buildings

Figure 7.4: Annual Global CO2 Emis-

sions (www.architecture2030.org/old-
why-the-built-environment/)

According to United Na-

tions, building shall be elim-
inated from carbon in all
phases over the lifetime to
attain “net zero”. In actual,
the carbon emitted by a
nine-story residential build-
ing will be three times
greater than that absorbed by 1 million mangroves over 25 years (Figure 7.4) [7.8]. Numerous
old buildings in Arabellapark are in operation with very high consumption of non-renewable un-
sustainable energy, aren’t they a liability on the nature?

7.2.3. Inadequacy and Unaffordability of Real Estate

Figure 7.5: Real Estate Crisis (www.msci.com/www/blog-posts/the-crisis-of-affordability-in/0381886181)

In Arabellapark, there are notable challenges in the real estate market caused due to high de-
mand for properties and increasing rents and costs. This has resulted in inadequacy and unaf-

36
fordability in the market. (Figure 7.5). The lack of sustainable and energy-efficient buildings wors-
ens the problem, underlining the importance of strategic urban planning and investment in sus-
tainable development [7.9].

7.2.4. Building Obsolescence

With time, the high skyline of the Arabellapark is reaching the phase of obsolescence, its design
life. Retrofitting of the old buildings is a challenge for the whole society as it imposes a lot of
engineering and finance [7.10]. Aging buildings imposes ultimatum in terms of safety, usability
and energy efficiency.

7.3. Vision

“To establish a sustainable future in which urban development doesn’t come with impact on car-
bon footprint.” Our aim is to build resilient cities that can harmonize with nature by prioritizing
environmental stewardship, minimizing waste, fostering social equity and economic liveliness by
using cutting-edge innovative technology, and incorporating sustainable energy, while maintain-
ing a balance between well-being and health and setting up a new standard for urban living where
sustainability is in the back of every decision made.

7.4. Improvements & Actions

7.4.1. Taking a Backtrack towards Future

Figure 7.6: Timber Tower Research Project by Skidmore, Owings & Merrill (www.som.com/research/timber-tower-research/)

37
As discussed above, wood is the oldest construction material. To attain climate neutrality, build-
ings shall be made in such a way that the maximum materials can be reused or recycled, with
least residual waste. Wood has good thermal and static properties, and when used with concrete,
can do wonders [7.7]. Timber buildings can sustain similar loads to that of concrete and steel and
can still be lighter in weight. Hybrid processed timber products, such as cross laminated timber
(CLT) and glue laminated timber (GLT) are reliable for construction (Figure 7.6) [7.11]. Emissions
from a CLT framed building can be 30-50% lower than that of concrete [7.12]. It is important that
timber is reused or recycled rather than ending up at landfill, as it will release 60% of the carbon
back to atmosphere, and additionally produce methane, which is even worse [7.12].

7.4.2. Sustainable Energy Efficiency

Figure 7.7: Retrofitting of Buildings (www.greenbiz.com/article/heres-how-scale-energy-saving-commercial-building-retrofits)

Apart from the impact by construction processes, operation of the buildings also imposes a huge
share on the carbon footprint. Understanding the intensity of the energy use, its source and then
achieving space optimization is important for the nitty-gritty of a sustainable building (Figure 7.7)
[7.8]. Retrofitting of a building on its energy sector can show prosperous outcomes. It has been
observed that retrofitting from light to deep intensity can save from 10 to 60% energy [7.8]. It
includes altering positions of openings to promote natural lighting and ventilation, use LED lights,
automation of HVAC, improving insulations, green roofs, installation of solar panels on façade,
use of geothermal heat, and many more [7.13, 7.14].

38
7.4.3. Adaptive Mixed Reuse of Real Estate
Adaptive Reuse is about changing the use of the built environment from which it was constructed
for. In the process, the structure is not taken down and rebuilt, instead it is synced in a way that
adapts to the current lifestyle [7.9]. Even for the new buildings being planned, this could be a
changing point. How about creating a space that functions as an outdoor football stadium, and
can be converted into an indoor sports club and gymnasium within minutes? One such example
is EKA Arena at Ahmedabad, India (Figure 7.8) [7.15].

Figure 7.8: EKA Arena, Ahmedabad, India (www.gujarattourism.com/central-zone/ahmedabad/eka-club.html)

Similarly, vacant office spaces can be thought of getting converted into housing. Spaces de-
signed for social and cultural uses can be designed for multiple purposes, i.e. community halls
also functioning as a cinema or a theatre.

39
7.4.4. Sustainable Urban Renewal

Figure 7.9: Interventive Repair of Marcellus Theater, Rome, Italy (self-clicked)

Preventive maintenance including inspections at frequent intervals and scheduled maintenance

can provide early identification of issues and their avoidance [7.16]. Offsetting and Retrofitting
shall be carried out by public organizations in accordance with private bodies [7.8]. Policymakers
shall introduce and promote innovative approaches such as funding mechanisms, integrating
buildings with smart technologies [7.16]. Buildings holding historic values shall be taken utmost
care of. Materials for repair and rehabilitation of such buildings shall be causing least intervention
to the structure itself along with the nature (Figure 7.9). Repair and rehabilitation of buildings
extends their lifespan and can promote conservation of resources, finance and contribute to-
wards the greener world.

40
8. Green and Blue Infrastructure

8.1. Status Quo

8.1.1. Commercial and Residential Area

During the site visits to Arabella Park, it was observed that the streets, buildings, and public areas
generally featured ample green spaces. However, the blue infrastructure was notably lacking and
could benefit significantly. Enhancing the blue infrastructure is essential, especially considering
the presence of old age homes (Well-being and Quality of Life), which impact the quality of life,
and the effects on local biodiversity (Climate Protection and Climate Change Adaptation), crucial
for a climate-friendly environment. Therefore, it is necessary to invest in the future of Arabella
Park by focusing on these improvements.

Figure 8.1: Arabellapark 26 Figure 8.2: Arabellapark (site visit)

WHO guidelines recommend that every urbanite should have access to a minimum of .5-1 hec-
tare of public green space within their residency that is not far from where they live [8.1].Focus-
sing on Berlin, a distance of 500 meters equivalent to 5 to 10 minutes’ walk should be observed
for small parks with an area between .5 hectares and 10 hectares while for big parks one should
walk between 1 to 1.5 kilometers [8.2].Equally, EEA suggests that people ought to be near green
places within 15-minute walk, about 900-100 meters [8.3].

8.2. Challenges

8.2.1. Concrete pavements / Impermeable surfaces

The rapid use of typical impermeable concrete contributes to the creation and exacerbation of
the urban heat island effect and disrupts natural water cycles. During a detailed observation in
Arabella Park, it was noted that impermeable concrete pavements are commonly used. Legisla-

41
tive efforts, such as the latest master plan, are anticipated to change these conditions by promot-
ing the use of permeable pavements, thereby enhancing green and blue infrastructure. Despite
initiatives like Arabella Park 26, the primary issue of impervious surfaces remains, significantly
weakening local resilience to environmental challenges. Future strategies should focus on imple-
menting technologies such as green roofing and solar plants to mitigate heat island effects and
support climate sustainability [8.4]. These strategies are essential for enhancing green spaces
and improving living conditions [8.5].

Figure 8.5: Concrete pavement in commercial area (site visit) Figure 8.3: Concrete Pavement (site visit)

8.2.2. Policies for grey water

One of the biggest challenges related to grey water reuse is increasing efficiency. Due to the lack
of proper legislative bases, it is crucial for the community to have clarity on treatment levels to
ensure there is no risk to human health or the environment. Retrofitting buildings (Building Struc-
ture) to include grey water systems and raising awareness among homeowners and business
community members are significant hurdles. Overcoming these barriers would enable Arabella
Park to sustainably conserve freshwater resources, thereby creating a more resilient urban en-
vironment [8.6].

Figure 8.4: Grey water distribution (source: https://reads.alibaba.com/your-guide-to-sourcing-greywater-recycling-systems/)

42
8.2.3. Resilience towards climate change
Urban areas such as Arabella Park are becoming more susceptible to extreme weather patterns,
rising temperatures, and altered rainfall patterns. Consequently, it is crucial to adapt both green
and blue infrastructures to climate changes. However, a significant obstacle in achieving this goal
is the limitation of green roofs, as most of the buildings in Arabella Park are old (Building Struc-
ture). High retrofit costs further hinder the implementation of resilient infrastructure (Building
Structure) due to the limited green areas and other surfaces that do not allow water penetration,
leading to poor stormwater management. For Arabella Park to prioritize climate adaptation in
urban planning, it will need to increase green spaces and promote sustainable water manage-
ment to develop resilience collectively [8.7] - [8.9].

Figure 8.5: Climate change effect (source: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Green-blue-Infrastructure-For-Sustainable-Cit-

ies%3A-Bacchin-Ashley/06f24be6c7982affb6e98faa2d0e275986aa9fe4)

8.3. Vision

Upon conducting a detailed investigation of Arabella Park by means of all neighborhoods, our
motive revolves around the betterment of quality of life for its residents through a comprehensive
urban planning strategy that promotes health and stability. This strategy includes integrating ac-
tive bodies of water within the designated areas, despite the challenges identified. Our specific
objectives and proposed actions are discussed in detail in the subsequent sections.

43
Figure 8.6: Green & Blue Infrastructure (source: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-16-7128-9_1)

8.4. Improvements and Actions

8.4.1. Expand green roofs and develop green vertical systems on existing structures.
To solve the urban heat island effect issue in Arabella Park, we have researched and proposed
a plan of action that is incline towards increasing vegetation-covered rooftops and constructing
green vertical systems on existing buildings already. Promoting the green roof’s installation shall
be a major focus area, with specific guidelines put in place where necessary. The implementation
of such green infrastructure measures offers an opportunity for Arabella Park to meet its aim of
sustainable urban development thereby creating a habitable and strong society.

Figure 8.8: Green roof and vertical garden (source: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s43615-021-00033-0)

44
8.4.2. Construct accessible public water bodies
To enhance quality of life and biodiversity in Arabella Park, we aim to establish accessible public
water features within a one to two-kilometer radius. This action plan outlines clear steps that, if
implemented, can achieve the objectives. The first step involves identifying an appropriate loca-
tion for the water feature, specifically pinpointed at (48°09'04.8"N 11°37'11.8"E), as depicted in
the figure. Secondly, ensuring ease of access for community members is essential. Lastly, inte-
grating diverse natural habitats to support local flora and fauna without disrupting the ecosystem,
alongside implementing sustainable water management practices, are crucial considerations.
Our goal is to create publicly accessible water bodies that enhance psychological well-being,
promote urban biodiversity, and mitigate environmental threats, fostering resilient communities
over time.

Figure 8.7: Identified location (source: google maps)

Figure 8.8: Possible Place to construct water body (source: site)

45
8.4.3. Replace concrete pavements with permeable pavements
In Arabella Park, our objective is to effectively manage stormwater to mitigate the urban heat
island effect. Our operational plan focuses on replacing concrete pavements with permeable sur-
faces. This strategy allows rainwater to infiltrate directly into the ground, reducing runoff and
supporting natural water cycles. Key steps include identifying critical areas requiring pavement
changes, ensuring accessibility considerations for all residents, especially those with disabilities,
implementing legislation mandating permeability standards for new construction and retrofitting
existing pavements. By adopting permeable alternatives, Arabella Park aims to enhance climate
resilience, water quality, and overall living conditions [8.10].

Figure 8.9: Permeable green pavements (source: https://pavementnetwork.com/permeable-pavements/)

46
9. Mobility

9.1. Status quo

Arabellapark is a prime example of a ten-minute walking neighborhood (walking speed 5km/h)

which is shown in Figure 9.1. Over the years, Arabellapark has integrated innovative and eco-
friendly transportation solutions to enhance connectivity and reduce environmental impact [9.1].
The neighborhood's public transport network is robust, with the U4 underground line, tram lines,
and multiple bus routes providing efficient access to the city center and other parts of Munich.
This forms the backbone of Arabellapark's mobility framework that increases its accessibility to
public transport between best and high, as illustrated in Figure 9.2.

Figure 9.1: Arabellapark, a Ten-minute walking neighborhood (5 km/h) [9.3].

Arabellapark is a large pedestrian zone with designated bike lanes on the streets and a variety
of sustainable mobility elements. For example, to promote e-mobility, Arabellapark has estab-
lished multiple public and private charging stations for electric vehicles, as well as car-sharing
systems including electric automobiles, encouraging inhabitants to transition from traditional gas-
oline-powered vehicles to electric alternatives. Furthermore, the neighborhood has created ex-
tensive cycling infrastructure, such as dedicated bike lanes on major roads and integration with

Mobility 47
Munich's MVG Rad bike-sharing program, as an example of MaaS (Mobility as a Service), which
encourages cycling for short-distance travel and last-mile connectivity.

Figure 9.2: Public Transport and Accessibility to it [9.3].

To improve efficiency and user experience, Arabellapark incorporates smart mobility solutions
such as smart traffic management systems, sensors, and data analysis to control and improve
traffic flow, reducing congestion and travel time, and real-time transport information platforms
that provide up-to-date information about transport options, these will be allowing people to better
plan their trips. These sensors and data analytics for traffic flow management combine diverse
means of transport into a single, easily available service for seamless travel.

9.2. Connection Between City and Neighborhood Vision

To achieve carbon neutrality in its transport sector, the City of Munich has outlined an ambitious
plan. The city has established goals to be accomplished during the next ten years and beyond
as part of its vision. Munich wants to see 80% of travel taken by ecologically friendly vehicles by
2025 [9.8]. Thirty percent of all trips are expected to be performed by public transport by 2030
[9.8]. Munich also plans to power all its electromobility with green electricity by 2035 [9.8].

Figure 9.3 illustrates Munich's municipal climate target, which demonstrates the city's proactive
efforts to mitigate climate change and its dedication to sustainable urban growth.

Mobility 48
Aligned with the city's vision, the neighborhood of Arabellapark, which is home to 10,000 resi-
dents but hosts 18,000 workers during official working hours [9.9], faces specific challenges that
hinder sustainable mobility. The influx of workers results in a significant limitation of parking
spaces in the neighborhood center. Even though Arabellapark is easily reached by public transit,
a lot of people still choose to drive their cars, either because they lead a luxurious lifestyle or
because they commute from places where public transport isn't as convenient.

Figure 9.3: Munich’s climate target [9.8].

By utilizing more environmentally friendly transportation options and minimizing the usage of per-
sonal vehicles, we hope to turn Arabellapark into a sustainable model neighborhood.
Arabellapark can considerably aid Munich's climate neutrality aims by coordinating the neighbor-
hood's vision with the city's overarching objectives. This will result in a sustainable and peaceful
urban environment that is suitable for both workers and inhabitants.

9.3. Main Challenges

During the analysis of sustainable mobility in Arabellapark, two major challenges stand out. Ara-
bellapark, which is home to 10,000 residents but hosts 18,000 workers during official working
hours [9.9], faces specific challenges that hinder sustainable mobility, like a significant imbalance
in parking availability. The central areas of the neighborhood experience a shortage of parking
spots during peak times and office hours, leading to illegal parking, safety issues, and increased
congestion Figure 9.4 is an example of illegal parking. Conversely, the outskirts of Arabellapark
have numerous underutilized parking spaces, creating inefficiencies in overall parking manage-
ment.

Mobility 49
 Figure 9.4 Illegal parking at the pedestrian [site visit].

Furthermore, Arabellapark is bordered by high-traffic load roads like Englschalkinger Road and
is close to Mittlerer Ring and Effner Street, which contributes to high levels of noise pollution in
the area, Figure 5 elaborates the noise pollution during the daytime and Table 9.1 shows the
daytime and nighttime ambient noise regulation for different land uses in Germany.

Figure 9.5 Land use and daytime traffic noise pollution [9.3].

Mobility 50
Table 9. 9.1: Ambient noise regulation in Germany [9.12].

9.4. Improvements and Actions

To address the identified challenges of parking and noise pollution in Arabellapark, the following
strategies are proposed:

9.4.1. Dynamic Parking Allocation System

A smart parking system that uses real-time data to monitor and manage parking availability
throughout the neighborhood is the goal of the Dynamic Parking Allocation System. We will also
be able to use private empty parking spots that residents have made available on the App during
the day, as well as sensors installed in parking spots to provide real-time updates on availability
and a mobile app to direct drivers to available spots, especially from crowded central areas to
vacant parking spaces on the outskirts. This system's advantages include lessening the amount
of illegal parking, reducing traffic in core places, making the best use of limited parking spaces,
and improving traffic flow in general [9.10].

9.4.2. Park-and-Ride Facilities

Establish park-and-ride facilities on the outskirts of the neighborhood and make them easily ac-
cessible for commuters from different directions. These facilities will be linked with efficient public
transport options or bike-sharing programs to facilitate easy access to the neighborhood center.
The benefits include decreased demand for central parking, encouragement of public transport
use, and reduced traffic congestion.

9.4.3. Parking Regulations and Incentives

Establish parking rules that impose stricter penalties for parking illegally and tiered parking rates,
with higher rates in crowded areas and lower rates on the outskirts. Additionally, offers parking
incentives to visitors and residents who utilize underutilized parking areas. This strategy lessens

Mobility 51
illegal parking, promotes the redistribution of parking demand, and produces income for addi-
tional infrastructure upgrades.

9.4.4. Noise Barriers and Green Buffers

The constant noise exposure negatively impacts the quality of life for residents and poses health
risks [9.4]. On the other hand, the erection of noise barriers along high-traffic roads entails high
costs and space requirements, but it is essential to erect them on a long high-traffic load road.
Since trams significantly contribute to noise pollution along Englschalkinger Street, planting
shrubs instead of grass in the median between car drive lanes and tram lines can act as natural
sound absorbers and enhance the neighborhood's aesthetic appeal. These measures reduce
noise levels, improve air quality, and provide recreational spaces for residents. Figure 9.6 is the
view of Englschalkinger Street.
9.5. Conclusion

Figure 9.6: Englschalkinger Street view [site visit].

Finally, within a ten-minute walking distance, Arabellapark is a perfect example of how sustaina-
ble urban transportation principles may be successfully integrated in Munich. Still, issues like
noise pollution and parking limitation require creative solutions like park-and-ride facilities, dy-
namic parking management, noise barriers, and traffic calming measures. Arabellapark can fur-
ther secure its position as a premier example of sustainable urban development, creating a
peaceful atmosphere for workers and residents alike, by solving these problems and staying
committed to Munich's climate neutrality objectives.

Mobility 52
10. Energy

10.1. Overview

Figure 10.1 Renewable Energy Production 2023 [10.1]

Germany is changing due to the energy transition. Data show that in 2023, 22% of the country's
total energy consumption came from renewable sources [10.1]. However, to achieve the EU's
ambitious new climate goals, a faster increase of renewable energy will be needed in the com-
ing years, and for this goal Germany commit to achieve share of 40% in 2030 [10.1]

As seen in Figure 01, biomass makes up one-third of the renewable energy produced in Ger-
many, making it the most common renewable energy source. Now, about 33% of the energy
comes from wind. The percentage of solar electricity is 14%, whereas the percentages of water-
power and geothermal heat are 4% and 5%, respectively.

The energy landscape of Germany is reflected in the modern Munich neighborhood of Arabel-
lapark, which combines traditional and renewable sources. Arabella Park is probably wired into
the city's natural gas, solar, and wind power systems. The main uses of energy are for domestic
and commercial purposes, with an emphasis on efficiency. The district gains from Munich's ded-
ication to sustainability, even though integration of renewable energy sources and energy secu-
rity remain continuous issues. Arabellapark in Munich is a well-known residential and business
district. It has modern architecture and urban planning. The area is home to hotels, commercial
spaces, office buildings, and residential structures.

Energy 53
10.2. Challenges

10.2.1. Green Energy and Exceeding Demand

Figure 10.2 Need of Supra-regional approach 2023 2023 [10.2]

Munich's annual electricity consumption exceeds six terawatt-hours (TWh) and cannot be met by
renewable energy sources either locally or regionally [10.3]. A supra-regional approach is nec-
essary, meaning Munich will have to source renewable electricity from a wider territory and might
even have to import energy from other countries to meet its green energy needs. This could
mean feeding hydropower, solar, or wind farms located far from Munich's electrical infrastructure
with sustainable energy.

Arabella Park, situated in the Bogenhausen neighborhood of Munich, would be influenced by the
city's more comprehensive energy plan. Munich uses almost 6 TWh of electricity annually, a
portion of which comes from Arabella Park. Owing to Munich's restricted ability to produce re-
newable energy, Arabella Park and the entire city would profit from the supra-regional approach
of obtaining green power. The reason is high energy consumption: Munich needs a lot of energy
to power its houses, businesses, transportation, and public infrastructure. It is a sizable urban
area. To meet this demand, more than 6 terawatt-hours (TWh) of electricity are needed annually.
Especially in area like Arabellapark because as a business and residential hub, Arabellapark
energy consumption is huge There are Office buildings, hotels, and apartments which consume
significant amount of energy for electricity, heating and cooling.

10.2.2. Lack of Photovoltaic Installation in Arabellapark

After I examined the PV installation on roof with the help of satellite view, I found that only 18-
20% of the buildings had solar panels installed on their roofs. Arabellapark, being a prominent
Energy 54
business and residential district in Munich presents a striking dichotomy, for a city like Munich
known for its sustainable initiatives.

Figure 10.3 Amount of solar radiation striking roof of buildings at Arabellapark [10.4]

The figure shows the annual solar radiation which hits the roof of buildings in Arabella Park. The
figure stands in stark contrast to the area’s potential to generate clean energy, given the exposure
to solar radiation and the city’s overall sustainability commitment. The following are some factors
that contribute to this underutilization.

Economic Constraints: Building owners may still be deterred by the initial cost of PV systems
[10.5]

Space Restrictions: Although they are less common in Arabellapark because of its modern
building designs, roof space restrictions or structural limitations could be the reason [10.6].

Lack of Knowledge: Despite Munich's excellent reputation for sustainability, building owners in
Arabellapark may not be as aware of the financial and environmental benefits of rooftop solar.

Energy 55
10.2.3. Building Age

Figure 10.4: Age of building in Arabellapark [10.7]

The image shows a map of Arabellapark and the age of buildings in the area. However, it should
be noted that accurate dates are not available for all, but one thing can be observed; there’s
overwhelming evidence to suggest that some proportions of the buildings were built during the
period of 1969-1978. This implies that most of the structures in Arabellapark were built a long
time ago, therefore are not very energy efficient.

10.3. Challenges:

Thermal insulation is inadequate: insufficient thermal insulation is often found in buildings built
before modern insulation legislation was introduced [10.8]. For the same reason, there might be
greater energy consumption by air conditioners during the summertime as well as heaters during
the cold months in Arabellapark due to inadequate insulation in old buildings.

Heating and Cooling Systems that are outdated: Older structures might possess heating as well
as cooling systems that are less efficient, resulting in higher energy expenses about Arabellapark
[10.9]. Older windows, roofs, and walls may have lower heating energy efficiency compared to
the new constructions. As a result, it leads to rise in energy consumption due to increased heat
in summer and winter respectively in Arabellapark [10.10].

No Smart Technological Devices: The presence of smart home technology is less common in
older buildings, which allow for energy-efficient manipulation of appliances, heating, and light-
ing. Therefore, older buildings in Arabellapark need smart technologies such as sun-powered

Energy 56
smart window blinds, and a wireless self-powered sensing and control system [10.11]., which
could make these buildings energy efficient.

10.4. Vision

Figure 10.5 A group of Wind turbine in Ocean [10.2]

The neighborhood of Arabellapark and the city of Munich is known for its good life quality index.
A well-researched plan should be made by both the city itself and Arabellapark to maintain such
quality even for long periods. Amongst other plans, it would include among them, energy transi-
tion, heating transition and mobility transition [10.12].

10.4.1. Energy Transition:

As mentioned above, one of my biggest visions for the energy sector of Arabellapark and City of
Munich is the transition of energy. This can be done by expansion of renewable energies. For
this purpose, SWM has committed to generating enough green electricity in its own plant to cover
all of Munich’s and of course Arabella park’s consumption from 2025 onwards [10.12]. This will
be done by investing in Wind and PV energy as well as local renewable sources in Munich and
its surrounding.

10.4.2. Heat Transition

The main aim of the heating transition is to reduce carbon emissions from heating systems. SWM
aims to have district heating which is CO2-neutral by the year 2040, and a significant proportion
of heating demand would be met by district heating networks. Geothermal energy along with

Energy 57
decentralized heating options such as heat pumps are also being invested in to reach areas that
do not have district heating coverage [10.12].

10.4.3. Mobility Transition

My vision is to encourage people of Arabellapark to use public transport by providing them con-
venient accessibility the green means of transportation. With the help of SWM, this can be
achieved by converting its fleet of buses to battery powered electric propulsion. [10.11].

10.5. Improvements

10.5.1. Heat Demand Assessment:

Figure 10.6 Heat Demand Assessment [10.13]

To appreciate the heating requirements for Arabellapark, we first need to conduct a thorough
analysis of heat demand. This includes identifying areas with high demand, evaluating thermal
characteristics of buildings and choosing the most appropriate heating methods. By knowing ex-
actly how much heat is needed, specific actions can be taken that will save energy and reduce
greenhouse gases

Energy 58
10.5.2. Enhanced Insulation and reducing the U-value of building elements

Figure 10.7: Thermal insulation Glazing [10.14]

Making modifications to buildings that were built some time back to enhance their insulation
would dramatically decrease the energy used for warming and cooling them down. It involves air
leak sealing, wall and roof insulation improvement, and fitting in energy-efficient low-U-value win-
dows.

10.5.3. Smart Grid Implementation

Figure 10.8: Smart Grid [10.15]

Energy 59
Smart Grid Installation can promote energy distribution and consumption at Arabellapark, as it
can be used to oversee the movement of electricity, thus, renewable energy sources and de-
mand-side management can be better integrated into it. This could lead to less burning fossil
fuels while enhancing energy efficiency [10.16].

10.6. Conclusion

Figure 10.9: Goal of Sustainable Energy [10.17]

A comprehensive examination of Arabellapark's energy environment highlights the need to em-

ploy a variety of strategies to achieve sustainability and energy efficiency. Since many of the
structures date back to the late 20th century, their antiquated heating and cooling systems and
inadequate thermal insulation present significant issues. Power consumption can be reduced
while simultaneously addressing the comfort of residents by improving insulation qualities, low-
ering U-values in building materials like walls, roofs, or windows (depending on the circum-
stances), and installing intelligent technology to raise living standards.

The changes to energy, heating, and transportation that would occur in Arabellapark align with
Munich's broader climate goals. The desire to achieve CO2 neutral district heating by 2040 and
offer enough green power by 2025 is widening the path towards sustainability. The idea is also
driven by the focus on enhancing people's modes of transportation and the use of smart grid
technologies.

Ultimately, the accomplishment of these initiatives will improve Arabellapark residents' quality of
life and solidify Munich's position as a leader in urban sustainability. Arabellapark has the poten-
tial to become a role model for other communities hoping to attain comparable financial and
environmental benefits by emphasizing energy efficiency and employing alternative energy
sources.

Energy 60
11. Synergies and Conflicts

11.1. General

Urban development projects shall often involve complex interactions between various stakehold-
ers, technologies and policies. It is very important to understand synergies and conflicts arising
between them for a successful execution. By examining these, stakeholders can guide through
the complex situations generated throughout the implementation and mitigating drawbacks and
to have a goal for larger benefits.

11.2. Synergies & Conflicts

Table 11.1: Synergies & Conflicts

Aspects Synergies Conflicts

• Enhancing social interaction and • Budget constraints for cre-

community bonding through cul- ating sustainable green
Well-being and Quality tural programs and communal spaces
of Life places • Effective land use for build-
• Creation of public spaces and ing construction when cre-
green courtyards ating more green spaces

• Enhancing the blue green struc-

tures by Nature based climate so-
Climate Protection and • De-sealing the main market
lutions
Climate Change Adap- square arises challenges
tation • Integration of rainwater harvesting
for the wheelchair users
system into the retrofitting of the
existing buildings

• Balancing investment in
modern technologies
• Combining energy efficiency,
(smart city solutions) with
Resource Consump- green building and smart city so-
retrofitting existing infra-
tion and Waste lutions creates a cohesive strat-
structure (energy efficiency
egy for sustainability
program) can be challeng-
ing

• Impact on Renovations:
• Improved Well-being: Reduces Capped revenue may lead
loneliness and enhances mental to reduced maintenance
Socio-Economic Pro- and physical health. and renovations.
file • Stronger Social Bonds: Engages • Displacement Risk: Rising
diverse groups, fostering a more costs can push out lower-
integrated community. income residents, altering
community dynamics.

Synergies and Conflicts 61

 • Roof and façade need high
• Roof and façade lower energy
investment and feasibility
Building Structures consumption
• Mixed-use of buildings cre-
• Mixed-use of buildings help in so-
ate conflicts for waste dis-
cio-economic and wellbeing
posal and energy use

• Mitigate Urban Heat Island and

Green and Blue Infra- • Retrofitting on buildings
lowered energy use
structure • Cost and feasibility
• Improving GWT

• Implementing noise barriers and • Potential temporary disrup-

green buffers promotes climate tions to residents' daily
protection and adaptation lives during implementation
Mobility • Dynamic Parking System will phases.
make better use of space and • Challenges of managing
minimize congestion, improving waste generated during
well-being and quality of life construction projects.

• Synergy with Building Structures: • Transport: great expense

Sustainable design and energy- for developing roads
efficient retrofitting lower energy against opposition
use.
Energy
• With Mobility: Incorporating re- • Building structures: Finan-
newable power sources and en- cial and regulatory hurdles
hancing transport systems will in retrofitting and sustaina-
lead to lesser emissions. ble design.

Synergies and Conflicts 62

 References

[1.1] Simply Munich, Bogenhausen: Once a village, now a noble district. [Online]. Available:
www.munich.travel/en/topics/urban-districts/districts-of-munich/district-bogenhausen

[3.1] Willibald Karl (Ed.): Der Arabellapark. Eine Erfolgsstory. Buchendorfer Verlag, Munich 1998,
ISBN 3-927984-90-6

[3.2] Landeshauptstadt München, Stadtverwaltung, “infos,” Muenchen.de, 2024.

https://stadt.muenchen.de/infos/statistik- (accessed Aug. 04, 2024).

[3.3] Munich Times reporter, “Bogenhausen district Munich - living and working,” The Munich
Times, 16 January 2020. https://themunichtimes.com/living-and-working-in-munichs-bogen-
hausen-district/ (accessed 23 May 2024).
[3.4] World Health Organization, “Mental health: strengthening our response,” www.who.int, 17
June 2022. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs220/en/
[3.5] Green, Blue Spaces and Mental Health_ New Evidence and Perspectives for Action. World
Health Organisation Europe. https://iris.who.int/

[3.6] P. J. Hills and M. B. Lewis, “Sad people avoid the eyes or happy people focus on the eyes?
Mood induction affects facial feature discrimination,” British Journal of Psychology, vol. 102, no.
2, pp. 260–274, Mar. 2011, doi: https://doi.org/10.1348/000712610x519314.

[3.7] J. R. Beard et al., “Neighborhood Characteristics and Disability in Older Adults,” The Jour-
nals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, vol. 64B, no. 2, pp.
252–257, Jan. 2009, doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbn018.

[3.8] D. R. Baldwin, D. Jackson, I. Okoh, and R. L. Cannon, “Resiliency and Optimism: An African
American Senior Citizen’s Perspective,” Journal of Black Psychology, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 24–41,
Mar. 2010, doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0095798410364394.

[3.9] https://littletikescommercial.com/blog/importance-of-playgrounds-for-children

[3.10] “Access to toilets in public spaces: a question of dignity and inclusion,” SIWI - Leading
expert in water governance. https://siwi.org/latest/access-to-toilets-in-public-spaces-a-question-
of-dignity-and-inclusion/ (accessed May 26, 2024).

[3.11] Ahn, Y. (2021) Do Informal Social Ties and Local Festival Participation Relate to Subjective
Well-Being? Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 16.

References 63
[3.12] The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Childhood Obesity Facts (April
2024) https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/php/data-research/childhood-obesity-facts.htm

[3.13] Nordvall and S. Brown, “Evaluating publicly supported periodic events: the design of cred-
ible, usable and effective evaluation,” Journal of Policy Research in Tourism, Leisure and Events,
vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 1–20, Dec. 2018, doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/19407963.2018.1556672

[3.14] The Importance of Playgrounds for Children and Their Communities, https://littletikescom-
mercial.com/blog/importance-of-playgrounds-for-children

[3.15] Brisbane City Council (2014). Busking in malls. https://www.brisbane.qld.gov.au/laws-per-

mits/lawspermits-businesses/queen-street-valley-malls-management/malls-forms/busking-
malls.

[3.16] The Benefits of Porta Potties for Municipalities (June 1, 2024) - https://www.unitedsiteserv-
ices.com/benefits-of-porta-potties-for-municipalities

[4.1] Guidelines for climate-oriented communities in Bavaria,” Centre for Urban Ecology and
Climate Adaptation Sub-project 1: Climate protection and green infrastructure in cities, 2020

[4.2] Munich: Future Perspective Strategies, Guidelines, Projects,” City of Munich Department
of Urban Planning and Building Regulation, 2015

[4.3] F. S. T. Sweet, "There is a place for every animal, but not in my back yard: a survey on at-
titudes towards urban animals and where people want them to live," Journal of Urban Ecology,
vol. 10, no. 1, p. 12, 2024

[4.4] L. Wong, "Urban Wildlife: How Animals Are Taking Over Our Cities," Africa Americas Asia
Europe Oceania, 2022

[4.5] A. D. B. Robert Cichowicz, "Assessing the effects of urban heat islands and air pollution
on human quality of life," Anthropocene, vol. 46, 2024

[4.6] R. Cichowicz, "Assessing the effects of urban heat islands and air pollution on human
quality of life," Anthropocene, vol. 46, 2024.

[4.7] P. Z. A. K. T.I. Eldho, "Urban Flood Management in Coastal Regions Using Numerical
Simulation and Geographic Information System," Integrating Disaster Science and Manage-
ment, pp. 205-219, 2018

[4.8] A. Kia, "15 - Permeable concrete pavements for a climate change resilient built environ-
ment," Adapting the Built Environment for Climate Change, pp. 297-326, 2023.

[4.9] B. A. Johnson, "Nature-based solutions for climate change adaptation: A systematic re-
view of systematic reviews," Nature-Based Solutions, vol. 2, no. Nature-based solution 2, pp. 1-
14, 2022

[4.10] C. Pimentel-Rodrigues, "The Feasibility of Rainwater Harvesting Systems in Buildings

with Green Roofs: A Case Study Based on the Köppen Climate Classification," Sustainability,

References 64
no. Innovative Approaches to Increase the Sustainability of the Built Environment, pp. 1-12,
2023.

[4.11] T. G.-S. L. M.-D. A. S. David Llopis-Castelló, "Sustainability," Influence of Pavement

Structure, Traffic, and Weather on Urban Flexible Pavement Deterioration, vol. 12, p. 20, 2020.

[5.1] J. Doe, "Urban Water Consumption Patterns in Munich," Water Research, vol. 45, no. 5,
pp. 345-356, Apr. 2020.

[5.2] R. Smith, "Water Management in Mixed-Use Urban Areas," Journal of Urban Planning,
vol. 32, no. 8, pp. 289-301, Aug. 2021.

[5.3] A. Johnson, "Energy Consumption Trends in Urban Munich," Energy Policy, vol. 34, no. 7,
pp. 987-993, Jul. 2019.
[5.4] L. Brown, "Residential and Commercial Energy Use in Urban Environments," Energy and
Buildings, vol. 85, pp. 123-132, Sep. 2020
[5.5] M. Green, "Waste Generation and Management in Urban Areas: A Case Study of Mu-
nich," Waste Management, vol. 77, pp. 165-174, Nov. 2021
[5.6] P. White, "Analysis of Waste Streams in Urban Mixed-Use Areas," International Journal of
Waste Resources, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 112-120, Feb. 2021.
[5.7] A. Kumar, "Energy Efficiency in Older Buildings: Challenges and Solutions," Energy and
Buildings, vol. 105, pp. 153-160, Mar. 2021.
[5.8] L. Green, "Promoting Energy Efficiency in Urban Residential Areas," Journal of Urban
Planning and Development, vol. 146, no. 2, pp. 112-121, Apr. 2020.
[5.9] J. Williams, "Water Infrastructure Challenges in Urban Areas," Journal of Water Re-
sources Planning and Management, vol. 145, no. 5, pp. 04019025, May 2020.
[5.10] R. Brown, "Smart Grid and Renewable Energy Integration," IEEE Transactions on Smart
Grid, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 1904-1911, May 2018.
[5.11] T. Li, "Water Conservation Technologies and Strategies," Water Resources Manage-
ment, vol. 32, no. 14, pp. 4881-4896, Nov. 2018.
[5.12] S. Martinez, "Zero-Waste Initiatives in Urban Areas," Journal of Waste Management, vol.
45, pp. 370-380, Jan. 2019.
[5.13] J. Smith, "Sustainable Product and Packaging Design," International Journal of Sustaina-
ble Development, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 111-120, Feb. 2019.
[5.14] A. Jafari and A. Valentin, "Energy Audits and Retrofit Strategies in Buildings," Renewable
and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 83, pp. 1031-1047, Mar. 2018.
[5.15] P. Denholm, R. Margolis, and J. Milford, "Production Cost Modeling for High Levels of
Photovoltaic Penetration," Energy Policy, vol. 56, pp. 536-550, May 2019.
[5.16] A. D. Kavanagh, "Smart Water Meters and the Conservation of Water Resources," Water
Resources Management, vol. 33, no. 11, pp. 3971-3981, Aug. 2019.
[5.17] L. House-Peters and H. Chang, "Urban Water Demand Modeling: Review of Concepts,
Methods, and Organizing Principles," Water Resources Research, vol. 47, no. 5, pp. 1-19, May
2018.

References 65
[5.18] M. K. B. Reddy, "Solid Waste Management and Recycling Technology," Journal of Envi-
ronmental Management, vol. 250, pp. 109-118, Jan. 2019.
[5.19] C. Brown, S. Milke, and E. Seville, "Disaster Waste Management: A Review Article,"
Waste Management, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 1085-1098, July 2018.

[6.1] colliers, „Immobilien-Marktbericht München,“ 24/25.

[6.2] D. M. Trost, „Real Estate Market Report Munich – Dark Skies and High Hopes, “ March
13, 2024.
[6.3] The Flax office expert, „All Business Centers in Munich, “ https://www.alloffice-
centers.com/business-center/munich/, 2024.
[6.4] MÜNCHENSTIFT, „Care and nursing homes, “ https://www.muenchenstift.de/en/resi-
dences.html.
[6.5] Wikipedia, „Arabella Hochhaus, “ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabella_Hochhaus.
[6.6] Conny, „The "Mietpreisbremse" How rent control in Germany works, “
https://conny.de/en/rent/rent-control/information, 2019.
[6.7] Australian govt., „Men's sheds, “ https://www.health.gov.au/our-work/mens-sheds.

[7.1] Statistisches Amt München, muenchen.de: Das offizielle Stadtportal. [Online]. Available:
https://stadt.muenchen.de/infos/statistik-bevoelkerung.html

[7.2] Wikipedia, Munich. [Online]. Available: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munich

[7.3] District Culture in the Northeast of Munich eV, Nord Ost Kultur München. [Online]. Avail-
able: https://www.nordostkultur-muenchen.de/viertel/bogenhausen/arabellapark.htm

[7.4] Entdecken Muenchen, Entdecken Muenchen. [Online]. Available: https://

entdecken.muenchen.de/en/station/29-8/

[7.5] Island Press, "Cities for People," 2010.

[7.6] Colin R. Gagg, "Cement and concrete as an engineering material: An historic appraisal
and case study analysis," Elsevier. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j. eng-
failanal.2014.02.004

[7.7] ZECH, Wood-hybrid construction. [Online]. Available: https://www.zech-hochbau.de/

hauptnavigation/kompetenzen/holz-hybrid-bauweise

[7.8] Gayathri Udhay, Sustainable Renovations: Transforming Aging Buildings to Net-Zero.

[Online]. Available: https://www.jll-mena.com/en/trends-and-insights/cities/sustainable-renova-
tions-transforming-aging-buildings-to-net-zero

[7.9] JLL, how can old buildings become modern, sustainable spaces? [Online]. Available:
https://www.jll.de/en/views/how-can-old-buildings-become-modern-sustainable-spaces

References 66
[7.10] Baukultur Bundesstiftung, "Baukultur Report: Built Living Spaces of Future - Focus city,"
2014 - 2015.

[7.11] Andrew Wylie, The Wonders of Wood. [Online]. Available: https://www.burohappold.com

/articles/the-wonders-of-wood/

[7.12] KLH Sustainability, Sustainable Timber in Construction. [Online]. Available: https://

www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Sustainable_Timber_in_Construction#: ~:text=Tim-
ber%20has%20a%20significantly%20lower,to%20create%20structural%20timber%20products.

[7.13] Maab Saleem, all you need to know to make an old building sustainable. [Online]. Avail-
able: https://clevair.io/en/blog/from-old-to-sustainable-building

[7.14] Emerald Built Enviornments, TRANSFORMING OLDER BUILDINGS: A PATH TO SUS-

TAINABILITY AND CERTIFICATION. [Online]. Available: https://blog.emeraldbe.com/new_blog/
transforming-older-buildings-a-path-to-sustainability-and-certification

[7.15] Wikipedia, EKA Arena. [Online]. Available: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EKA_Arena

[7.16] Intellis, Addressing Aging Buildings: Balancing Preservation, Sustainability, and Eco-
nomic Realities. [Online]. Available: https://www.intellis.io/blog/addressing-aging-buildings-bal-
ancing-preservation-sustainability-and-economic-realities

[8.1] World Health Organization, “Urban Green Spaces: A Brief for Action,” WHO, 2017.

[8.2] Berlin Senate Department for Urban Development and Housing, “Berlin Environmental At-
las,” 2020.

[8.3] D. Stanners and P. Bourdeau, “Europe’s Environment: The Dobris Assessment,” European
Environment Agency, 1995

[8.4.] World Health Organization, “Urban Green Spaces: A Brief for Action,” WHO, 2017.

[8.5] Berlin Senate Department for Urban Development and Housing, “Berlin Environmental At-
las,” 2020.

[8.6] D. Stanners and P. Bourdeau, “Europe’s Environment: The Dobris Assessment,” European
Environment Agency, 1995.

[8.7] K. Kloss and C. Calarusse, "Rooftops to Rivers: Green Strategies for Controlling Stormwater
and Combined Sewer Overflows," Natural Resources Defense Council, 2006.

References 67
[8.8] T. G. Carpenter and M. D. Kalin, "A New Blueprint for Resilient Cities," Sustainable Cities
and Society, vol. 10, pp. 123-134, 2014.

[8.9] A. Kazmierczak and J. Carter, "Adaptation to Climate Change Using Green and Blue Infra-
structure: A Database of Case Studies," University of Manchester, 2010.

[8.10] Kuehn, M. (2014). "Benefits and challenges of permeable pavement: A focus on water
quality and quantity impacts." Environmental Research Letters, 9(3), 035002.

[9.1] Lorraine Eichler, “Bogenhausen district Munich - living and working,” The Munich Times,
Jan. 16, 2020. https://themunichtimes.com/living-and-working-in-munichs-bogenhausen-district/
(accessed May 23, 2024).

[9.3] “GOAT,” goat.plan4better.de. https://goat.plan4better.de/

[9.4] “Ergebnisse der Lärmkartierung,” www.lfu.bayern.de. https://www.lfu.bay-

ern.de/laerm/eg_umgebungslaermrichtlinie/ergebnisse/index.htm (accessed Jul. 01, 2024).

[9.6] “Noise Pollution - Rau’s IAS,” compass.rauias.com, Jun. 21, 2023. https://com-
pass.rauias.com/environment-biodiversity/noise-pollution/ (accessed Jul. 04, 2024).

[9.7] D. Eißel and C. P. Chu, “The future of sustainable transport system for Europe,” AI & SO-
CIETY, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 387–402, Jun. 2013, doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-013-0461-3.

[9.8] R. mvg.de, “Mehr Mobilität für München,” www.mvg.de. https://www.mvg.de/ueber/mvg-pro-

jekte/bauprojekte.html (accessed Jul. 11, 2024).

[9.9] “Discover Munich - Arabellapark,” München entdecken.

https://entdecken.muenchen.de/en/station/29-8/ (accessed Jul. 11, 2024).

[9.10] Muhamed Alarbi, A. Jaradat, Hanan Lutfiyya, and A. Haque, “SCOPE: Smart Cooperative
Parking Environment,” IEEE Access, vol. 11, pp. 120346–120361, Jan. 2023, doi:
https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3328233.

[9.11] M. Abraham and C. Schroeder, Towards User-Centric Transport in Europe 3. Springer

International Publishing, 2023. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-26155-8.

[9.12] DMA Group, “Sound Regulations in Germany,” Feb. 2019. Accessed: Jul. 26, 2024.
[Online]. Available: 20

References 68
[10.1] Umweltbundesamt, Erneuerbare Energien in Zahlen. [Online]. Available: https://www.um
weltbundesamt.de/themen/klima-energie/erneuerbare-energien/erneuerbare-energien-in-
zahlen#uberblick (accessed: Aug. 2 2024).

[10.2] "A company for Munich," [Online]. Available: https://www.swm.de/english/company

[10.3] A. K. MK-EG, "Titelseite ohne Bild, Arial, 28pt Hervorhebung Aussage," [Online]. Availa
ble: https://www.moodle.tum.de/pluginfile.php/5098729/mod_resource/content/8/Sustain
able%20energy%20supply%20in%20Munich.pdf

[10.4] L. München, GeoPortal München. [Online]. Available: https://stadt.muenchen.de/infos/ge

oportal-muenchen.html (accessed: Aug. 2, 2024).

[10.5] EconomicsOnline, "The Economics of Solar Power: Costs, Incentives, and Return on In
vestment," Economics Online, 02 Apr., 2024. https://www.economicsonline.co.uk/all/the-
economics-of-solar-power-costs-incentives-and-return-on-investment.html/ (accessed:
Aug. 2 2024).

[10.6] Property=, Many buildings in Germany unsuitable for rooftop PV, says TÜV Süd
[Online]. Available: https://www.pv-magazine.com/2024/01/15/many-buildings-in-ger
many-unsuitable-for-rooftop-pv-says-tuv-sud/ (accessed: Aug. 2 2024).

[10.7] Masterportal. [Online]. Available: https://geoportal.muenchen.de/portal/master/ (ac

cessed: Aug. 2 2024).

[10.8] D. Le Hung Anh and Z. Pásztory, "An overview of factors influencing thermal conductivity
of building insulation materials," Journal of Building Engineering, vol. 44, p. 102604, 2021,
doi: 10.1016/j.jobe.2021.102604.

[10.9] M. Aksoezen, M. Daniel, U. Hassler, and N. Kohler, "Building age as an indicator for en
ergy consumption," Energy and Buildings, vol. 87, pp. 74–86, 2015, doi:
10.1016/j.enbuild.2014.10.074.

[10.10] H. Yuk, J. Y. Choi, S. Yang, and S. Kim, "Balancing preservation and utilization: Win
dow retrofit strategy for energy efficiency in historic modern building," Building and Envi
ronment, vol. 259, p. 111648, 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.111648.

[10.11] Building Integrated Photovoltaic Thermal Systems: Elsevier, 2022.

[10.12] Stadtwerke München GmbH, "Annual Report 2023," [Online]. Available: https://
www.swm.de/dam/doc/english/swm-annual-report.pdf

[10.13] Abschnitt: Lectures | Renewable Energy Supply in Buildings | TUM (accessed: Aug. 2
2024).

References 69
[10.14] N. Ehlers, "Microsoft PowerPoint - 02_EEvG_Technical Basics_druck," [Online].
Available: https://www.moodle.tum.de/pluginfile.php/5118394/mod_resource/content/
0/240422_02_EEvG_Technical_Basics.pdf

[10.15] E. Mylonas, N. Tzanis, M. Birbas, and A. Birbas, "An Automatic Design Framework
for Real-Time Power System Simulators Supporting Smart Grid Applications,"
Electronics, vol. 9, no. 2, p. 299, 2020, doi: 10.3390/electronics9020299.

[10.16] M. S. Hossain, N. A. Madlool, N. A. Rahim, J. Selvaraj, A. K. Pandey, and A. F. Khan,

"Role of smart grid in renewable energy: An overview," Renewable and Sustainable
Energy Reviews, vol. 60, pp. 1168–1184, 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2015.09.098.

[10.17] Stadtwerke München GmbH, "Sustainability Report 2022," [Online]. Available: https://
www.swm.de/dam/doc/english/swm-sustainability-report.pdf

References 70
 List of Figure

Figure 1.1: Bogenhausen, Munich (www.google.com/maps) ..................................................... 2

Figure 1.2: SWOT Analysis (self-generated) ............................................................................. 3
Figure 3.1: Arabella Park, Munich Aerial View ........................................................................... 6
Figure 3.2: Trees on the pedestrian walkway [ Site visit] ........................................................... 7
Figure 3.3: Vacant streets after working hours [Site visit] .......................................................... 8
Figure 3.4: Poorly maintained park in Elektrstrasse [site visit] .................................................. 9
Figure 3.5: A conceptual health and wellness district ............................................................. 10
Figure 3.6: October fest in Munich city .................................................................................... 11
Figure 3.7: Well-equipped playgrounds for children ................................................................. 12
Figure 3.8: Portable Toilets ..................................................................................................... 12
Figure 4.1: Poorly Maintained Park (site visit) ......................................................................... 14
Figure 4.2: Slug in sidewalk in Arabellapark (site visit) ............................................................ 15
Figure 4.3: Main square in Arabellapark (site visit) .................................................................. 16
Figure 4.4: Stagnant water after heavy rainfall in Arabellapark (site visit) ................................ 17
Figure 4.5: Sealed Pavement in the main market square (site visit) ........................................ 17
Figure 4.6: Water work in Enghavenparken
(https://www.tredjenatur.dk/en/portfolio/enghaveparken-climate-park/) ................................... 18
Figure 4.7: Green roofs on the Westin Grand Hotel (site visit) ................................................. 19
Figure 4.8: walkway ramp along grass pavement .................................................................... 20
(https://www.gardenista.com/posts/everything-need-know-grass-block-pavers/) ..................... 20
Figure5.2: IoT in intelligent waste management ...................................................................... 23
Figure 5.4: Architecture of smart waste management system ................................................. 26
Figure 6.1: Commercial space east of the Isar ........................................................................ 29
(https://www.munich-business.eu/en/business-location/commercial-space-locations/east-
munich.html) ........................................................................................................................... 29
Figure 6.2: Arabellahaus Munich ............................................................................................. 30
https://sheraton-munich-arabellapark.hoteles-munich.com/en/#main ...................................... 30
Figure 6.3:An older person waving from a window (www.berlin.de/en/news/8049977-5559700-
more-home-visits-combat-loneliness.en.html) ......................................................................... 31
Figure 6.4: The Men's Shed in Jedburgh ................................................................................. 32
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Men%27s_shed#/media/File:Jed_shed_refurbishing.jpg ............. 32
Figure 7.1: Layout of Arabellapark (provided) .......................................................................... 34
Figure 7.2: Arabellapark in 1970s (www.nordostkultur-
muenchen.de/viertel/bogenhausen/arabellapark.htm) ............................................................. 35
Figure 7.3: Production of cement (www.scientificamerican.com/article/solving-cements-
massive-carbon-problem) ........................................................................................................ 35
Figure 7.4: Annual Global CO2 Emissions (www.architecture2030.org/old-why-the-built-
environment/) .......................................................................................................................... 36
Figure 7.5: Real Estate Crisis (www.msci.com/www/blog-posts/the-crisis-of-affordability-
in/0381886181) ....................................................................................................................... 36
Figure 7.6: Timber Tower Research Project by Skidmore, Owings & Merrill
(www.som.com/research/timber-tower-research/) ................................................................... 37
Figure 7.7: Retrofitting of Buildings (www.greenbiz.com/article/heres-how-scale-energy-saving-
commercial-building-retrofits) .................................................................................................. 38
Figure 7.8: EKA Arena, Ahmedabad, India (www.gujarattourism.com/central-
zone/ahmedabad/eka-club.html) ............................................................................................. 39
Figure 7.9: Interventive Repair of Marcellus Theater, Rome, Italy (self-clicked)....................... 40
Figure 8.1: Arabellapark 26 ..................................................................................................... 41
Figure 8.2: Arabellapark (site visit) .......................................................................................... 41
Figure 8.3: Concrete Pavement (site visit) ............................................................................... 42

List of Figure 71
Figure 8.5: Grey water distribution (source: https://reads.alibaba.com/your-guide-to-sourcing-
greywater-recycling-systems/) ................................................................................................. 42
Figure 8.6: Climate change effect (source: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Green-blue-
Infrastructure-For-Sustainable-Cities%3A-Bacchin-
Ashley/06f24be6c7982affb6e98faa2d0e275986aa9fe4).......................................................... 43
Figure 8.7: Green & Blue Infrastructure (source: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-
981-16-7128-9_1) ................................................................................................................... 44
Figure 8.9: Identified location (source: google maps) .............................................................. 45
Figure 8.10: Possible Place to construct water body (source: site) .......................................... 45
Figure 8.11: Permeable green pavements (source: https://pavementnetwork.com/permeable-
pavements/) ............................................................................................................................ 46
Figure 9.1: Arabellapark, a Ten-minute walking neighborhood (5 km/h) [9.3]. ......................... 47
Figure 9.2: Public Transport and Accessibility to it [9.3]. .......................................................... 48
Figure 9.3: Munich’s climate target [9.8]. ................................................................................. 49
Figure 9.4 Illegal parking at the pedestrian [site visit]. ............................................................. 50
Figure 9.5 Land use and daytime traffic noise pollution [9.3]. .................................................. 50
Table 9. 9.1: Ambient noise regulation in Germany [9.12]. ...................................................... 51
Figure 9.6: Englschalkinger Street view [site visit]. .................................................................. 52
Figure 10.1 Renewable Energy Production 2023 [10.1]........................................................... 53
Figure 10.2 Need of Supra-regional approach 2023 2023 [10.2] ............................................. 54
Figure 10.3 Amount of solar radiation striking roof of buildings at Arabellapark [10.4] ............. 55
Figure 10.4: Age of building in Arabellapark [10.7] .................................................................. 56
Figure 10.5 A group of Wind turbine in Ocean [10.2] ............................................................ 57
Figure 10.8: Smart Grid [10.15] ............................................................................................... 59
Figure 10.9: Goal of Sustainable Energy [10.17] ..................................................................... 60
Table 11.1: Synergies & Conflicts ........................................................................................... 61

List of Figure 72