Appendix 01

Most Relevant Aviation Terminology:

Air dash: To make a journey by air, especially unexpectedly or in an emergency.

Airfare: The money that you pay to go somewhere by plane.

Airlines: A company that owns aircraft and takes people or goods by plane from one place to
another.

Air link: A way of travelling between two places, in planes or helicopters.

Air mile: A unit for measuring how far a plane travels.

Air miles: Points that you collect when you fly or when you buy something, and can exchange
for free plane tickets. The American word is frequent flyer miles.

Air rage: Violent behavior by an aircraft passenger towards other people on the aircraft.

Baggage allowance: The weight of bags and suitcases which a passenger is allowed to take
on a plane without paying.

Baggage Check: A check of passengers bags and suitcases at an airport to make sure they
contain nothing dangerous or illegal.

Baggage Storage: The left luggage office.

Brace position: A position for an emergency landing of a plane, where the passenger sits bent
forward with their hands behind their head.

Bump: To tell someone who has bought a ticket for a plane seat that they cannot fly because
the airline has sold too many tickets.

Business class: Part of a plane that is more comfortable and has better service than the part
where most people sit. Business class travel is more expensive than economy class travel but
less expensive than first class travel.

Carry on: Carry-on bags or cases are ones that you can keep with you on a plane.

Cattle class: The cheapest seats on an aero plane.

Charter flight: A plane journey arranged by a travel company that has bought all the seats sells
them at a lower price

Check: To give your bags and cases to an official at an airport so that they can be put on a
plane.
 Travel Agency & Air Ticketing Basic Course

Check in: To arrive at an airport and show your ticket to an official. The process you go through
when you arrive at an airport.

Coach: A less expensive type of seat on a plane or train.

The British word is economy or tourist class.

Code sharing: An arrangement between two airlines in which they both sell seats on a flight
using their own flight numbers

Crushing altitude: The height at which a plane usually flies when it has risen into the sky.

Excess Baggage: Bags that weigh more than the official limit that each person is allowed to
take on a plane. You have to pay money to take them with you.

Feeder airlines: An airline that takes passengers fairly short distances to airports where they
can catch long-distance flights.

Flag airlines: The main national airline of a country.

Flight: A journey through air or space in a vehicle such as a plane.

Fly by wire: A system that uses electronic signals and computers to help to control aircraft

Frequent flyer: Relating to a system in which people who often travel by air can get airline
tickets free or at a reduced price.

Hand luggage: Small bags that passengers are allowed to carry with them on a plane or bus.

In flight: Provided for passengers flying in an aircraft.

Jet flight: To fly somewhere in a plane.

Jet lag: The feeling of being very tired and sometimes confused because you have travelled
quickly on a plane across parts of the world where the time is different.

Long haul: Travelling a long distance, especially by air.

Loop the loop: To fly in a complete circle.

On board: On a ship or plane.

On standby: Ready to get on a plane if there is a seat left when it is about to take off.

Plane load: The large number of people or things that are carried in a plane.

Restricted articles: Things which passengers must not carry onto planes, for example knives.

Short haul: Travelling or carrying people or goods over a short distance, especially by air.

Page | 2
 Travel Agency & Air Ticketing Basic Course

Tourist class: The cheapest set of seats on a plane or ship

Upgrade: To give people a better seat on a plane, or a better hotel room, than the one that they
have paid for.

Book: This verb means to arrange and confirm a place on a flight, a room in a hotel or a ticket
for an event in the future.

Depart: To go away or leave, especially on a journey.

Arrive: To reach a place, especially at the end of a journey.

Reservation: An arrangement in which something like a seat on a plane or a table in a

restaurant is kept for you.

Destination: The place where someone is going, or something is being sent or taken.

Complimentary: If tickets books or any other items are complimentary, it means they are given
free, especially by a business.

All-Inclusive: Including everyone or everything. In holiday terms, this would refer to a hotel deal
where the price usually includes accommodation, meals and drinks (any extra activities or
facilities would be charged separately).

Travel Agency: A company or shop that makes travel arrangements for people.

Ticket: A small piece of paper or card given to someone, usually to show that they have paid for
an event, journey or activity.

Check-In: The act of reporting one’s presence and registering, typically at an airport or hotel.

Departure Gate: Gate where passengers embark.

Airport Terminal: This is a building at an airport, where passengers transfer between ground
transportation and the facilities that allow them to board or disembark from an aircraft.

Departure Lounge: A seating area in an airport where passengers wait to board an aircraft or
vehicle.

Duty-Free: Items available for purchase that are free of duty or tax charges in a particular
country, generally sold at airports.

Take Off: (of an aircraft or bird) becoming airborne.

Landing: When aircraft touches the airspace or land.

Board: To get on or into (a ship, aircraft or other vehicle).

Page | 3
 Travel Agency & Air Ticketing Basic Course

Passport Check, Security Checkpoint: A barrier or manned entrance typically at a border of a

country where travelers are subject to security checks.

Overweight: Baggage weighing in excess of the allowed amount.

Destination: The place to which someone or something is going or being sent.

Window Seat: A seat positioned next to a window on a large vehicle or aircraft.

Aisle Seat: A seat positioned beside the walkway on a large vehicle or aircraft.

Vacation: The American term for holiday.

Transfer: The act of moving someone or something from one place to another.

Budget Holiday: Planning a trip using a minimal amount of money. Having a limited amount of
money for expenditure:

Travel Documents: All the necessary documents you would need to take with you on a holiday
i.e. passport or ID card, driving license, flight/bus/ train tickets, visa confirmation etc.

Tourism: Tourism comprises the activities of persons traveling to and staying in places outside
their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other
purposes-According to WTO.

International Tourism: Consists of inbound tourism, visits to a country by non-residents, and

outbound tourism, residents of a country visiting another country.

Internal Tourism: Residents of a country visiting their own country.

Domestic Tourism: Internal tourism plus inbound tourism (the tourism market of
accommodation facilities and attractions within a country).

National Tourism: Internal tourism plus outbound tourism (the resident tourism market for
travel agents and airlines)

Hospitality: The friendly and generous reception and entertainment of guests, visitors, or
strangers.

Outbound: Travelling away from a particular place, usually the first half of a journey.

Inbound: Travelling towards a particular place, especially when returning to the original point of
departure.

Two-way, Return Ticket: A ticket that allows someone to travel to a place and back again.

One-way, Single Ticket: A ticket that allows a passenger to travel only to his/her destination,
without returning.

Page | 4
 Travel Agency & Air Ticketing Basic Course

Transport: To take or carry goods or people from one place to another. A system or means of
conveying people or goods from place to place by means of a vehicle, aircraft or ship.

Currency: A system of money in general use in a particular country.

Appropriate Clothing: Suitable or fitting for a particular purpose, person or occasion.

Seasonal: Relating to a particular season of the year (Autumn, Winter, Spring or Summer).

Landing: an instance of coming or bringing something to land, either from the air or from water.

Customs: The place at a seaport, airport or frontier where officials check incoming goods,
travelers or luggage.

Baggage Collection Point, Baggage Reclaim, and Baggage Claim Area: An area where
arriving passengers claim checked-in baggage after disembarking from an airline flight.

Nothing to Declare: Exiting the airport at a gate where you state that you do not have any
goods where duty is payable or that need checking whether entry into the country is permitted.

Porter: A member of staff in a hotel who assists guests with carrying their luggage.

Tourism Organization: An organization which helps travelers plan trips while at the same time
promoting businesses in a particular area.

Tour Operator: A person or company who operates a tour for travelers who are visiting.

Travel Guide: A guide that offers insight to the various things to do in a particular location. They
often highlight tours, hotel, restaurants, activities and other local areas that should be visited.

Page | 5
 Travel Agency & Air Ticketing Basic Course

Appendix 02
Some important Reservation Abbreviations

A.

AC = Aircraft.
ACRISS = Association of Car Rental Industry Systems Standards. The car codes for
rental cars.
APEX = Advance Purchase Excursion Fare. A type of ticket that is almost extinct
nowadays since airline pricing has changed a lot the last 10 years.
APT = Airport (or Airline Passenger Tariff which is a discontinued thick book with
IATA-fares).
ARC = Airlines Reporting Corporation. An organisation who collects fares from travel
agents and distributes it to the airlines. Most commonly used in USA. See BSP for
Europe.
ARNK = Arrival Unknown. The portion that is land transportation in an air ticket. See
SOJ.

B.

BSP = is short for Bank Settlement Plan. An organisation who collects fares from travel
agents and distributes it to the airlines. Most commonly used in Europe. See ARC for
USA.

C.

C = Booking class used for travel in Business Class.

CLIA = Cruise Lines International Association ID number. Similar to ARC but without the
possibility to issue IATA tickets.

Page | 6
 Travel Agency & Air Ticketing Basic Course

CONUS = Continental US.

CRS = Central Reservation System. CRS is usually the booking department for a chain
of hotels.
CTO = City Ticket Office.

D.

DBL = Double room.

DLX = Deluxe room. (Can be combined with DBL, i.e. DBL DLX)
DMC = Destination Management Company, is a local agent on the destination.
DMO = Destination Marketing Organization.

E.

Economy = yes, it is Coach.

EMD = Electronic Miscellaneous Document. Previously called MCO.

F.

F = Booking class used for travel in First Class.

Fare Ladder = This is where the fare is outlined on the ticket and in the booking.
FCPI = Fare Calculation Pricing Indicator.
FF = Frequent Flier.
FQTV = Frequent Traveler.

G.

GBTA = Global Business Travel Association.

GDS = Global Distribution System (Sometimes a little wrongfully called a CRS).

H.

HTL = Hotel.

I.

IATA = International Airline Transport Association which is a trade organisation for the
airline industry. Please visit http://www.iata.org/ for more information.
IATA Code – is the three letter code for an airport or city assigned by IATA. One
example is LON for London Airports where LHR is the specific code for London
Heathrow Airport.
Interline Agreement = two different airlines on the same ticket. I.e starting your trip with
BA from London and changing to Qantas on your way to Sydney.
ISO = International Organization for Standardization.

Page | 7
 Travel Agency & Air Ticketing Basic Course

J.

J = Booking class used for travel in Business Class.

L.

LIAC = Late Incoming Aircraft

LCC = Low Cost Carrier

M.

M = Booking class used for travel in Economy Class.

MCO = Miscellaneous Charge Order. Substituted by EMD: s nowadays.
MICE = Meetings, Incentives, Conferences and Events.
MLOS = Minimum Length Of Stay. Expression commonly used with discounted hotel
rates.
MOA = Memorandum Of Agreement.

O.

OAG = Official Airlines Guide.

OJ = Open Jaw. See SOJ too.
OTA = Online Travel Agent.

P.

P = Booking class used for travel in First Class.

PAX = Passenger.
PTA = Prepaid Ticket Advice.

R.

RAR = Revenue Analysis Report.

RBD = Booking Class of a Flight.
RES = Reservation.
REN = Refund Exchange Notice.
RT = Round Trip or Return.
RTW = Round The World. Some carriers or alliances offer special, discounted tickets
around the world.

S.

Page | 8
 Travel Agency & Air Ticketing Basic Course

SGL = Single room.

Slot = allotted time for aircraft movement at an airport. In other words times the airline
may have their aircraft parked at the airport.
SOJ = Single Open Jaw. A ticket New York – Los Angeles / San Francisco is an Single
Open Jaw when constructed on half roundtrip fares. The transportation Los Angeles –
San Francisco is an ARNK.
SOP = Standard Operating Procedure.

T.

TIMATIC = Travel Information Manual Automatic. Database with visa and entry
regulations for almost every country on earth.
TWN = Twin-bedded room.

U.

UCCF = Universal Credit Card Charge Form. Extinct nowadays and taken over by
electronic transactions.

Y.

Y = Bookings class used for travel in Economy.

Z.

Z = Time Zone Coordinator. Also known as GMT.

Appendix 03
List of major airlines and their 02 letter IATA Codes
Air Arabia (G9) Kenya Airways (KQ)
Air Asia (AK) KLM Royal Dutch Airlines (KL)
Air Berlin (AB) Kuwait Airways (KU)
Air Canada (AC) LATAM Airlines (LA)
Air China (CA) LOT Polish Airlines (LO)
Air France (AF) Lufthansa (LH)
Air India (AI) Malaysia Airlines (MH)
Air New Zealand (NZ) Maldivian (Q2)
Alaska Airlines (AS) Malindo Air (OD)
Alitalia (AZ) Oman Air (WY)
All Nippon Airways (ANA) (NH) Philippine Airlines (PR)
American Airlines (AA) Qantas Airways (QF)
Austrian Airlines (OS) Qatar Airways (QR)
Bangkok Airways (PG) Salam Air (OV)

Page | 9
 Travel Agency & Air Ticketing Basic Course

British Airways (BA) SAS - Scandinavian Airlines (SK)

Cathay Dragon (CX) Saudi Arabian Airlines (SV)
Cathay Pacific Airways (CX) Singapore Airlines (SQ)
China Airlines (CI) South African Airways (SA)
China Eastern Airlines (MU) Southwest Airlines (WN)
China Southern Airlines (CZ) Sri Lankan Airways (UL)
Copa Airlines (CM) Swiss International Airlines (LX)
Delta Airlines (DL) Thai Airways International (TG)
Druk Air (KB) Thai Lion (SL)
Egypt Air (MS) Turkish Airlines (TK)
Emirates (EK) United Airlines (UA)
Etihad (EY) Vistara (UK)
EVA Air (BR) Virgin Atlantic Airways (VS)
Finnair (AY)
Flydubai (FZ)
Garuda Indonesia (GA)
Gulf Air (GF)
Hainan Airlines (HU)
Hawaiian Airlines (HA)
Iberia Airlines (IB)
Icelandair (FI)
IndiGo (6E)
Japan Airlines (JL)
Jazeera (J9)

Appendix 04
List of important airports and their 03 letter IATA Codes

Abu Dhabi International Airport (AUH) John F. Kennedy International Airport (JFK)
Adelaide Airport (ADL) Kansai International Airport, Osaka, Japan (KIX)
Ahmedabad Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport Karachi Jinnah International Airport, Pakistan (KHI)
(AMD) Kuala Lumpur International Airport, Malaysia (KUL)
Auckland Airport (AKL) Kuwait International Airport (KWI)
Amsterdam Airport Schiphol (AMS) Las Vegas McCarran International Airport (LAS)
Atlanta Hartsfield-Jackson International Airport (ATL) Leonardo da Vinci-Fiumicino Airport, Rome, Italy (FCO)
Bangkok Suvarnabhumi Airport (BKK) London Heathrow Airport, UK (LHR)
Barcelona-El Prat Airport (BCN) Los Angeles International Airport, USA (LAX)
Beijing Capital International Airport (PEK) Madrid-Barajas Adolfo Suárez Airport, Spain (MAD)
Benito Juárez International Airport (MEX) Malpensa Airport, Milan, Italy (MXP)
Brunei International Airport (BWN) Manila Ninoy Aquino International Airport, Philippines (MNL)
Brussels Airport (BRU) Melbourne Tullamarine Airport, Australia (MEL)
Brisbane Airport (BNE) Miami International Airport, USA (MIA)
Cairo International Airport (CAI) Minneapolis-Saint Paul International Airport, USA (MSP)
Cathay Pacific Airport (HKG)

Page | 10
 Travel Agency & Air Ticketing Basic Course

Chattanooga Metropolitan Airport (CHA) Mumbai Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport
Charlotte Douglas International Airport (CLT) (BOM)
Chennai International Airport (MAA) Munich Airport, Germany (MUC)
Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport (CTU) Muscat International Airport, Oman (MCT)
Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport (BOM) Nanjing Lukou International Airport, China (NKG)
Chicago O'Hare International Airport (ORD) Newark Liberty International Airport, USA (EWR)
Chongqing Jiangbei International Airport (CKG) Osaka Kansai International Airport, Japan (KIX)
Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport (CVG) Osmani International Airport, Sylhet, Bangladesh (ZYL)
Cleveland Hopkins International Airport (CLE) Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport, France (CDG)
Colombo Bandaranaike International Airport (CMB) Perth Airport, Australia (PER)
Cox's Bazar Airport (CXB) Philadelphia International Airport, USA (PHL)
Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport (DFW) Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport, USA (PHX)
Dammam King Fahd International Airport (DMM) Phuket International Airport, Thailand (HKT)
Denver International Airport (DEN) Pune Lohegaon Airport, India (PNQ)
Detroit Metropolitan Airport (DTW) Qatar Airways Airport, Doha, Qatar (DOH)
Doha Hamad International Airport (DOH) Rajiv Gandhi International Airport, Hyderabad, India (HYD)
Dubai International Airport (DXB) Rajshahi Shah Makhdum Airport, Rajshahi, Bangladesh (RJH)
Dublin Airport (DUB) Riyadh King Khalid International Airport, Saudi Arabia (RUH)
Frankfurt Airport (FRA) San Francisco International Airport, USA (SFO)
Gold Coast Airport (OOL) Seattle-Tacoma International Airport, USA (SEA)
Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport (CAN) Seoul Incheon International Airport, South Korea (ICN)
Hangzhou Xiaoshan International Airport (HGH) Shah Amanat International Airport, Chittagong, Bangladesh
Hanoi Noi Bai International Airport (HAN) (CGP)
Hazrat Shahjalal International Airport (DAC) Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport, China (SHA)
Hazrat Shah Amanat International Airport (CGP) Shanghai Pudong International Airport, China (PVG)
Helsinki Airport (HEL) Shenzhen Bao'an International Airport, China (SZX)
Ho Chi Minh City Tan Son Nhat International Airport (SGN) Singapore Changi Airport, Singapore (SIN)
Hong Kong International Airport (HKG) Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport, Amritsar, India
Hongqiao International Airport, Shanghai, China (SHA) (ATQ)
Hobart International Airport (HBA) Stockholm Arlanda Airport, Sweden (ARN)
Istanbul Airport (IST) Suvarnabhumi Airport, Bangkok, Thailand (BKK)
Jakarta Soekarno-Hatta International Airport (CGK) Sydney Kingsford Smith Airport, Australia (SYD)
Jeddah King Abdulaziz International Airport (JED) Taipei Taoyuan International Airport, Taiwan (TPE)
Tan Son Nhat International Airport, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
(SGN)
Toronto Pearson International Airport, Canada (YYZ)
Vancouver International Airport, Canada (YVR)
Vienna International Airport, Austria (VIE)
Wellington Airport, New Zealand (WLG)
Xiamen Gaoqi International Airport, China (XMN)
Yangon International Airport, Myanmar (RGN)
Zurich Airport, Switzerland (ZRH)

Page | 11