مهارات التفكير الاستدلالي لدى طلبة الصف الرابع العلمي في مادة علم الاحياء في مدارس مركز محافظة القادسية
مهارات التفكير الاستدلالي لدى طلبة الصف الرابع العلمي في مادة علم الاحياء في مدارس مركز محافظة القادسية
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Deductive thinking skills among fourth-grade students in
biology in the schools of Al-Qadisiyah Governorate
Asst.Prof. Dr.
Karim Blasim Khalaf
Researcher
Hawraa Hammod Shanshool
Al-Qadisiyah University - College of Education
Abstract:-
The aim of the current research is to
identify the inferential thinking skills in the
subject of biology among students of the fourth
scientific grade, and the differences in the level
of inferential thinking skills in the subject of
biology among students of the fourth scientific
grade according to the gender variable (males -
females).
The research community was determined
by students of the fourth scientific grade in
middle and secondary schools affiliated to the
General Directorate of Education in the center of
Al-Qadisiyah Governorate,And for the academic
year 2020-2021 AD, the descriptive research
method was adopted, as the size of the research
sample was (300) male and female students for
the fourth scientific grade, with (150) male and
(150) female students.
The researchers prepared a test to measure
the inferential thinking skills to achieve the
objectives of the research, which in its final form
consisted of (33) objective paragraphs of the type
of multiple choice and three alternatives,
distributed over three skills according to the
classification (Razuki and Suha 2015) which are
the skill of inductive reasoning by (11) paragraph
and The skill of deductive inference by (11)
paragraphs, and deductive reasoning by (11)
paragraphs, and the apparent validity and
construction validity of the test were verified.
The coefficients of difficulty and
discrimination were calculated, as well as
calculating the effectiveness of camouflages, and
calculating the value of the test stability
coefficient using the alpha coefficient, whose Microsoft Excel
value amounted to (0.80)The test was applied in SPSS
the second season of the year(2020-2021 AD).
Using Microsoft Excel and SPSS, the following
results were obtained:
1- Recognizing the extent to which fourth-grade
students possess inferential thinking skills
in biology.
2- The differences in the inferential thinking
skills in biology for fourth grade students
according to the gender variable (male -
female)
Relying on the findings of the research, the
researchers made a number of recommendations,
including the inclusion of scientific issues in the
biology curricula for the fourth grade, that
develop inferential thinking skills.
Keywords: inferential thinking skills, fourth-
grade science students, biology.
The Islamic University College Journal
No. 73
ISSN 1997-6208 Print
Part: 1
ISSN 2664 - 4355 Online
The Islamic University College Journal
No. 73
Part: 1 ISSN 1997-6208 Print
ISSN 2664 - 4355 Online
The Islamic University College Journal
No. 73
ISSN 1997-6208 Print
Part: 1
ISSN 2664 - 4355 Online
The Islamic University College Journal
No. 73
Part: 1 ISSN 1997-6208 Print
ISSN 2664 - 4355 Online
Reasoning Thinking
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ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ
ـﻦﻣﺍ ﻭـﺎﺭﺃَﻧْﻬ ﻭـﻲﺍﺳﻭﺎ ﺭﻴﻬﻞَ ﻓﻌﺟ ﻭﺽ ﺍﻟْﺄَﺭﺪﻱ ﻣ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻮﻫﻭ
ﻭﻥﺘَﻔَﻜﱠﺮﻡٍ ﻳﻘَﻮ ﻟﺎﺕ ﻟَﺂَﻳﻚﻲ ﺫَﻟ ﻓ ﺇِﻥﺎﺭﻬﻞَ ﺍﻟﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻴﻐْﺸﻦِ ﻳﻴﻦِ ﺍﺛْﻨﻴﺟﺎ ﺯَﻭﻴﻬﻌﻞَ ﻓ ﺟﺍﺕﺮﻛُﻞﱢ ﺍﻟﺜﱠﻤ
ﻭﻥﺘَﻔَﻜﱠـﺮﻡٍ ﻳﻮﺔً ﻟﱢﻘـ ﻵﻳﻚـﻲ ﺫَﻟ ﻓ ﺇِﻥﺍﺕـﻦ ﻛُـﻞﱢ ﺍﻟﺜﱠﻤﺮﻣ ﻭﺎﺏـﻨﺍﻷَﻋﻴﻞَ ﻭـﺨﺍﻟﻨ ﻭﺘُﻮﻥﻳﺍﻟـﺰ ﻭﻉﺭ ﺍﻟـﺰﻪﻟَﻜُـﻢ ﺑـ
The Islamic University College Journal
No. 73
Part: 1 ISSN 1997-6208 Print
ISSN 2664 - 4355 Online
The Islamic University College Journal
No. 73
ISSN 1997-6208 Print
Part: 1
ISSN 2664 - 4355 Online
The Islamic University College Journal
No. 73
Part: 1 ISSN 1997-6208 Print
ISSN 2664 - 4355 Online
The Islamic University College Journal
No. 73
ISSN 1997-6208 Print
Part: 1
ISSN 2664 - 4355 Online
The Islamic University College Journal
No. 73
Part: 1 ISSN 1997-6208 Print
ISSN 2664 - 4355 Online
The Islamic University College Journal
No. 73
ISSN 1997-6208 Print
Part: 1
ISSN 2664 - 4355 Online
ﻛل اﻟطﯾور ﺗﺑﯾض ﻣﻘدﻣﺔ ﻛﺑرى
اﻟﺑﺑﻐﺎء طﯾر ﻣﻘدﻣﺔ ﺻﻐرى
اﻟﺑﺑﻐﺎء ﺗﺑﯾض اﻟﻧﺗﯾﺟﺔ
The Islamic University College Journal
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اﻻﺳﺗدﻻل اﻻﺳﺗﻘراﺋﻲ اﻻﺳﺗدﻻل اﻻﺳﺗﻧﺑﺎطﻲ ت
.اﻻﺳﺗدﻻل ﻏﺎﻟﺑﺎ ً ﯾﻛون ﻣن اﻟﺧﺎص إﻟﻰ اﻟﻌﺎم اﻻﺳﺗدﻻل ﻏﺎﻟﺑﺎ ً ﯾﻛون ﻣن اﻟﻌﺎم إﻟﻰ اﻟﺧﺎص ١
.اﻟﻧﺗﯾﺟﺔ ﺗﺗﺟﺎوز ﺣدود اﻟﻣﻘدﻣﺎت أو اﻷدﻟﺔ .اﻟﻧﺗﯾﺟﺔ ﻣﺗﺿﻣﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﻘدﻣﺔ أو اﻟﻣﻘدﻣﺎت وﻣﺣﻛوﻣﺔ ﺑﮭﺎ ٢
ﻣﺗﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻧت اﻟﻣﻘدﻣﺔ ﺻﺎدﻗﺔ ﺗﺻﺑﺢ اﻟﻧﺗﯾﺟﺔ ﺻﺎدﻗﺔ إذا ﻛﺎﻧت اﻟﻣﻘدﻣﺔ ﺻﺎدﻗﺔ ﯾﺗﺣﺗم أ َن ﺗﻛون اﻟﻧﺗﯾﺟﺔ ﺻﺎدﻗﺔ ٣
.وﻟﻛﻧﮭﺎ ﻏﯾر ﻣؤﻛدة .ً وﻣؤﻛدة ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻛون اﻻﺳﺗدﻻل ﺻﺣﯾﺣﺎ
ﻣﻧﮭﺟﯾﺔ اﻻﺳﺗﻘراء ﺗﻘوم ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺟﺎوز اﻟﻣﻌﻠوﻣﺎت ﻣﻧﮭﺟﯾﺔ اﻻﺳﺗﻧﺑﺎط ﺗﻘوم ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﻟﺗزام ﺑﺎﻟﻣﻌﻠوﻣﺎت واﺛﺑﺎت ٤
. وﺗﻌﻣﯾم ﺣﻛم اﻟﺧﺎص ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﺎم،اﻟﻣﺗواﻓرة .ﺣﻛم اﻟﻌﺎم ﻟﻠﺧﺎص
.ﻻ ﯾﻣﻛن إﺛﺑﺎت ﺻﺣﺔ اﻟﻧﺗﯾﺟﺔ ﺑﺻورة ﻣطﻠﻘﺔ ﯾﻣﻛن إﺛﺑﺎت ﺻﺣﺔ اﻟﻧﺗﯾﺟﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺗﺧدام ﻗواﻋد ﻣﺣددة ﻟﻠﻣﻧطﻖ ٥
.اﻻﺳﺗﻧﺑﺎطﻲ
.ﺗﻘﻊ ﻓﯾﮫ ﻣﻐﺎﻟطﺎت ﻣﺎدﯾﺔ ﻓﻘط .ﺗﻘﻊ ﻓﯾﮫ ﻣﻐﺎﻟطﺎت ﺻورﯾﺔ وﻣﺎدﯾﺔ ٦
ً ﯾﻛون ﻏﯾر ﻣﺑﺎﺷر داﺋﻣﺎ ﻣﺑﺎﺷر
ٍ ﻗد ﯾﻛون ﻣﺑﺎﺷرا ً أو ﻏﯾر ٧
The Islamic University College Journal
No. 73
ISSN 1997-6208 Print
Part: 1
ISSN 2664 - 4355 Online
The Islamic University College Journal
No. 73
Part: 1 ISSN 1997-6208 Print
ISSN 2664 - 4355 Online
The Islamic University College Journal
No. 73
ISSN 1997-6208 Print
Part: 1
ISSN 2664 - 4355 Online
ﺍﻟﻔﺼـﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ
Research Methodology
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Covid-
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Google Forms
The Islamic University College Journal
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ISSN 1997-6208 Print
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The Islamic University College Journal
No. 73
Part: 1 ISSN 1997-6208 Print
ISSN 2664 - 4355 Online
The Islamic University College Journal
No. 73
ISSN 1997-6208 Print
Part: 1
ISSN 2664 - 4355 Online
The Islamic University College Journal
No. 73
Part: 1 ISSN 1997-6208 Print
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ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ
ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻭ ﺗﻔﺴﲑﻫﺎ:ﺃﻭﻻﹰ
t-test
t-test
اﻟدﻻﻟﺔ اﻟﻘﯾﻣﺔ اﻟﺗﺎﺋﯾﺔ ﻟﻌﯾﻧﺔ واﺣدة درﺟﺔ اﻟﻣﺗوﺳط اﻻﻧﺣراف اﻟﻣﺗوﺳط
اﻟﻌﯾﻧﺔ اﻟﻣﺗﻐﯾر
٠.٠٥ اﻟﺟدوﻟﯾﺔ اﻟﻣﺣﺳوﺑﺔ اﻟﺣرﯾﺔ اﻟﻔرﺿﻲ اﻟﻣﻌﯾﺎري اﻟﺣﺳﺎﺑﻲ
اﻟﺗﻔﻛﯾر
داﻟﺔ ١.٩٧ ٤٥٤ ،٣- ٢٩٩ ٥ ،١٦ ٠٣٤ ،٦ ٣٠ ،١٥ ٣٠٠
اﻻﺳﺗدﻻﻟﻲ
The Islamic University College Journal
No. 73
ISSN 1997-6208 Print
Part: 1
ISSN 2664 - 4355 Online
t-test
t-test
اﻟدﻻﻟﺔ اﻟﻘﯾﻣﺔ اﻟﺗﺎﺋﯾﺔ
ﻋﻧد درﺟﺔ اﻹﻧﺣراف اﻟﻣﺗوﺳط ﻣﺻدر
ﺣﺟم اﻟﻌﯾﻧﺔ اﻟﻣﺗﻐﯾر
ﻣﺳﺗوى اﻟﺟدوﻟﯾﺔ اﻟﻣﺣﺳوﺑﺔ اﻟﺣرﯾﺔ اﻟﻣﻌﯾﺎري اﻟﺣﺳﺎﺑﻲ اﻟﺗﺑﺎﯾن
٠.٠٥
٠٤٢ ،٦ ٣٣ ،١٥ ١٥٠ ذﻛر
اﻟﺗﻔﻛﯾر
ﻏﯾر داﻟﺔ ٩٧ ،١ ١٠٥ ،٠ ٢٩٨
٠٤٦ ،٦ ٢٦ ،١٥ ١٥٠ أﻧﺛﻰ اﻻﺳﺗدﻻﻟﻲ
The Islamic University College Journal
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Suggestions
The Islamic University College Journal
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Part: 1
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The Islamic University College Journal
No. 73
Part: 1 ISSN 1997-6208 Print
ISSN 2664 - 4355 Online
The Islamic University College Journal
No. 73
ISSN 1997-6208 Print
Part: 1
ISSN 2664 - 4355 Online