l

J ~:==~~"~
.\,,..,.,g aa•e • 1 ,,.,.. footing• c;r-eat 1h•1ghti.

J.) For given metal and given frequency, photoelectric current is

PHYSICS
directly proportional to intensity of radiation
~-) rhcrc cxis1 some minimum frequency for every metal called Explanation of laws of photoelectr ic Emission
1hrcshold frequency such that there will be no emission of photo Using Einstein photoelectric emission
clcc1,ons if frequency of incident radiation is less than threshold 1) Increasing intensity means increasing the number
frequency. of photons. More are the photons striking the metal
J.) The maximum kinetic energy of photo electrons is surface, more will be the photoelectro ns ejected and hence
independent of intensity of radiation and depends only on more is the photoelectric current. So photoelectric current
frequency of radiation
4.) Photoelectric emission is a instanteneous precess. The time is directly proportional to intensity.
lag between incidence of radiation and emission of .!.mv~ax =h(v-vo)
9
photoelectrons is less than 10· sec. 2) 2 •
V < V0

EINSTEIN PHOTOELECTRIC EQUATION .· 21 mv 2max =-ve which is imp_oss1ble

1

Einst~in explains the photoelectric effect with the help • so photoelectric enussion. is. not possible for·
of plank's quantum theory of radiation. According to which
freque1,cy less than threshold frequency
energy is emitted in terms of small packets called photons and
energy of photons corr. to frequency v is given by l.. i .
3) - mv max = h(v - v 0 )
E=h u where h = plank's const. 2.
if V > V 0
• This equation clea~ly shows· that Max: kinetic e11ergy
Energy of photons is used in two ways of photpelcc_frons is directly proportional .to frequency of
radiation ,
1) Part of energy of photons is used to remove the electrons i.e.
for work function. 4) Photoelectric effect occurs due to elastic collision
2) Rest of energy of photons is imported to photoelectron as its between photon and electrons, and absorption of energy
kinetic energy, . by the dectron fr•Jn1 photon is a single event so there is not
Using the Jaw of conservation of energy i.e. time lag between the jncidence of radiation and ejection of
1 2 . electrons. So photoelectri c emission is ·L."\Stanteneous
E = \V +-mvmax proce~s.
2
E=hv
I i
Relation between frequency, threshold frequency and
hv=W +-mvmax···········l stopping potential
2
It is called Einstein photoelectric equation .!.. mv~ax = h(v - v0)
2 where = tnreshold
If v = v 0 = Threshold frequency then
frequency ,
I 2
-mvmax = 0 1
2 .Also - mv2 max= eV0
Putting in (1) 2
hv0 = W + 0 Vo = Stopping potential -
W=hv0
Putting in (1) 1 2 • • • • [l .1 ]
-mVmax=e Vo=h[v-vo ]=hc -. - -
I 2 2 • .,i ·1
hv = hv 0 +-mvmax . /L,o
2
1 2
h(v-v 0 ) =-mvmax
. 2 PHOTOELECTRIC CELLS
C
v• - vo== -
C
where Ao = Threshold wavelength : .. . • • It is a ~eviq~ .which ·conve!~ light e.nergy
A. ' into electric energy. It is having three types • .
Ao 1) Photo emissive cells •
2) Photo voltaic cell
l] = -mvmax
_ 1 2
A _ 'J
he [..!_ 3)" Photo conductive c.ell .
/L-o 2
Photoemissive type is exp~ained below

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