ELECTRIC MOTOR AND

GENERATOR
For SCIENCE Grade 10
Quarter 2 - Week 8
 FOREWORD

One of the most important electrical devices invented is the electric

motor. It is responsible for the motion of toy cars, robots and dolls that walk or
dance. When you are inside the mall riding escalator to reach the next floor,
the electric motor inside the escalator push you upward in the stair where
you are standing. It has also great contribution in agriculture and
transportation. The rice that you eat every day come from the rice mill where
electric motor is used to drive the roller that removed husk and polished the
rice grain to make it white. Most railway trains are using powerful electric
motor to make it run very fast.

How electric motor works is explained in this module and simple steps
are provided for you so that you can make if you like. Did you know that the
principles working behind the function of an electric motor are the same as
the principles working behind the electric generator? They only differ in
the input energy. Electric motor needs electrical energy to produce
mechanical energy while electric generator needs mechanical energy to
produce electrical energy. Both of them are dealing with the magnetic field
of a permanent magnet. Without this magnetic field, electric motor and
electric generator is useless.

Mathematical computations are included to find out how strong is

the magnetic force experienced by the current-carrying wire when it is inside
the magnetic field of a permanent magnet. But don’t worry the
computation is easy, it’s only multiplication. So good luck as you go on with
the pages of this module.

2
Objectives
1. Identify the basic components of electric motor and electric generator.
2. Differentiate between electric motor and electric generator.
3. Show concern of the environment by advocacy of clean energy sources
for electrical energy generation.

Learning Competency
Explain the operation of a simple electric motor and generator.
S10FE-IIj-54

I. What Happened
Do you still remember your lesson in Electricity when you
were in Grade 7? There is a relationship between electricity and
magnetism. Electricity can create magnetism and magnetism can
create electricity. In the study of electric motor and generator, it is
important to know the basic lessons about magnets and their properties.

Since you have already learned some basic concepts in electricity,

we shall now mention general properties of magnet, electric motor and
generator.

Pre-Test
Directions: Write only the letter that corresponds to the answer in your
science notebook. Please indicate the topic of the module you are
answering to guide your teacher when checking you answers.

1. The region around the bar magnet is

called
A. Magnetic flux C. north pole
B. Magnetic field D. south pole
2. Where is the direction of the magnetic
field in the illustration?
A. From south to north
B. From north to south
C. Anywhere in the pole
D. From east to west

3
3. What is represented by the magnetic field lines in the illustration?
A. Magnetic flux C. attractive force
B. Magnetic poles D. repulsive force

4. Which of the following are the essential

A Simple Electric Motor parts in a simple electric motor?

A. Magnet C. armature
B. Dry cell D. all of the above

5. Where is the direction of the force

(F) experienced by the armature
when the direction of current (I)flow
is towards the page of this module?

A. Downward C. to South
B. To North D. upward

6. What will happen to the current-carrying coil of wire inside the magnetic
field of the permanent magnet in the diagram of a simple electric motor?
A. Current-carrying wire will not move
B. Current- carrying wire will not rotate because it will not interact
with the magnetic field of the permanent magnet.
C. Current – carrying wire will rotate because it will interact with the
magnetic field of the permanent magnet.
D. Both A and B choices
7. In the diagram of a simple electric motor, the current-carrying wire is
parallel to the magnetic field of the magnet. What is the
magnitude of the magnetic force experienced by the wire?
A. Zero C. minimum
B. Maximum D. both A and B
8. When the current-carrying wire is perpendicular to the magnetic field of
the permanent magnet, what is the magnitude of the magnetic force (F)
experienced by the wire?
A. Zero C. minimum
B. Maximum D. both A and B
9. In the diagram of a simple electric motor, will the rotation of the current-
carrying wire called armature continue if the battery is removed?
A. Yes, because the magnetic field of the magnet will continue pushing
the wire

4
 B. No, because the wire will lose its magnetic field and the interaction
between the wire and the magnet will stop
C. Yes, because the effect of force on the wire will not stop
D. Both A and B

10. Which of the following appliances has electric motor component in

doing its tasks?
A. Electric drill machine C. electric fan
B. Drone D. all of the choices
11. What energy input is needed by electric motors to continue
giving mechanical energy as the output?
A. Heat energy C. chemical energy
B. Electrical energy D. kinetic energy

12. What device induces current by changing the magnetic field of the
magnet through the process called electro-electromagnetic induction?
A. Electric generator C. dry cell
B. Electric motor D. solar cells
13. Which of the following are factors that affect the amount of induced
current in electric generators?
A. The length of the conducting wire that make up the
armature of the generator
B. The strength of magnetic field of the magnet
C. The velocities of the conducting wire and the magnetic
field
D. All of the choices
14. What are essential parts of the electric motor and generator?
A. magnetic field C. input energy
B. conducting wire D. all of the choices
15. What makes the electric motor and generator identical?
A. The action of an electric motor is just a reverse of a generator.
B. Generator and electric motor used the same current
C. Generator and electric motor does not need magnetic field to functi
D. All of the choices

5
 Activity 1A

Directions: Copy the objectives of the activity and arrange the steps in
making a simple electric motor in your notebook. Copy also the questions in
the analysis and your answer to the questions.

Arranging the Steps in Making Simple Electric Motor

Objectives:
1. Arrange the steps in making simple electric motor from first to last to
make the electric motor rotate.
2. Identify the important components in the electric motor.
Procedure:
1. Analyze the illustration below to identify what component should be
set up first in making a simple electric motor.

Figure 1. A simple Electric Motor

The component parts of the simple electric motor:

Coil of magnetic wire Set up Board Connecting Wires

6
Conducting Dry cell U-shaped magnet
wire stand
with speaker

2. Arrange the steps in order to make the coil rotate inside the
magnetic field of the U-shaped magnet. Complete the steps until
the last one. Below are the jumbled steps in making a simple
electric motor.

Step A. Attach the connecting wire to the dry cell and

connect the other end clip of the wire to the
conducting wire stand.

Step B. Place the U- shaped magnet with speaker magnet over

the coil of magnetic wire.
Step C. Prepare a set up board of any size using plywood.

Step D. Make a coil that will serve as an armature of the

electric motor by winding 1.5 meter long #22 magnetic
wire around a rolled cardboard that has a diameter of
1.5 cm.
Step E. Make two 5cm tall conducting wire stands and remove
the insulation of both ends of the wire. Make a hole in
the wire by twisting it using pliers.

Step F. Remove the insulation of the free ends of the magnetic

wire after forming a coil by scraping it using knife or
paper cutter.

Step G. Insert the free ends of the coil in the hole of the
conducting wire stand.
Step H. Mount the conducting wire stand 4 cm apart using a
stick glue to make it stand firm.

7
Analysis:
1. What factors will affect the rotation of the simple electric motor?
2. If the magnet is removed but the electric current flowing in the coil
continues, what will happen to the rotation of the coil of the electric
motor?
3. If the current flowing in the coil is cut off but the magnetic field of
the permanent magnet remains, will happen to the rotation of the
coil?

Activity 1 B
Directions: Copy only the objectives of the activity and the contents of the
column in calculating magnitude of force. Copy also the questions in the
analysis and answer them.
Finding the Magnitude of the Magnetic Force
Experienced by Current- Carrying Coil
Objectives:
1. Calculate the magnetic force experienced by the current-carrying coil of
wire in the magnetic field of a permanent magnet.
2. Identify the angle where the coil experienced maximum magnetic force.
Procedure:
Current-carrying magnetic wire formed into a coil will experience
magnetic force (f) when it is inside the magnetic field of a permanent
magnet. Look at the illustration below.

Figure 2. Positions of the Magnetic Coil Inside the Magnetic Field of the
Permanent Magnet
8
 The magnetic force acting on the coil depends on the angle of the of
the coil in the magnetic field of the magnet, provided that the same amount
of current is flowing in the coil.

To calculate the magnitude of the force (F) experienced by current- carrying

coil, use the formula:
F = BIL sin θ
where:
F = magnetic force on the current – carrying wire in Newton (N)
I = magnitude of the electric current in Ampere (A)
L = length of the wire in meter (m)
B = magnitude of the external magnetic field in Tesla (T)
1 Tesla (T) = 1N/A.m
θ = angle between the length of the wire and the
magnetic field (degree)

Example: A coil of wire carrying 1.25 Amperes current has a length of 2

meters between the pole faces of a magnet. The magnetic field is
approximately uniform at 0.50 Tesla and the angle of the coil is 15
degrees from the horizontal. What is the magnitude of the
force?
Given:
current (I) = 1.25 A
length of wire (L) = 2 meters
magnetic flux (B)= 0. 50 Tesla
angle of coil = 15 degrees = logarithmic value = 0.258
Unknown: F
F = BIL sin θ
F = (0.50 T)(1.25 A)(2 m)(0.258)
= 0.322 Newton

1. Calculate the magnitude of the force experienced by the coil at

different angles in the magnetic field.

Angle Current Length Magnetic Flux Force on the coil

30 deg. 1.25 A. 2m O.50 Tesla ______________ N
45 deg. 1.25 A. 2m O.50 Tesla ______________ N
60 deg. 1.25 A. 2m O.50 Tesla ______________ N
75 deg. 1.25 A. 2m O.50 Tesla ______________ N
90 deg. 1.25 A. 2m O.50 Tesla ______________ N
180 deg. 1.25 A. 2m O.50 Tesla ______________ N

9
Logarithmic value of angles:
30 deg. = 0.5 45 deg. = 0.707 60 deg. = 0.866
75 deg. = 0.965 90 deg. = 1 180 deg. = 0

Analysis:
1. What angle of the coil, the force experienced is minimum?
2. What angle the coil does not experienced magnetic force?
3. What angle of the coil, the force experienced is maximum?

Activity 1C
Copy only the arranged steps in converting motor to
generator and the answers of the analysis in your notebook.

Arranging the Steps in Converting Electric Motor to Generator

Objectives:

1. Identify the steps in making simple electric generator using two

electric motors.
2. Identify input and output energy in a motor and in the
generator.

Study the illustration below to determine which should be the first and
the last step in converting motor to generator.

10
The component parts of a simple electric generator:

LED Set Up Board Dry Cell

Electric motors Connecting wires

Arrange the steps below in order to create a simple generator

made of junked electric motor from a toy car.

Step 1. Prepare a set up board for mounting two electric motors.

Step 2. Connect the wire to motor B and then connect the
alligator clip to the power source.
Step 3. Attach the two motors using a drinking straw 5 cm long. Mark
the motor in the left as motor A and the one in the right as motor
B. Put a glue in the straw connecting the motor so that it will not
slip during rotation.
Step 4. Connect the LED to motor A in the left that is our generator.
Step 5. Mount the two connected electric motors to the set up board
using glue so that will not move away from each other.

Analysis (Refer to the illustration in page 13)

1. What is the input energy of electric motor B?
2. What is the output energy of electric motor B?
3. What is the input energy of electric motor A?
4. What is the output energy of electric motor A?

11
II. WHAT I NEED TO KNOW

Earth is a giant magnet. It has two poles, the magnetic north pole and
the magnetic South Pole. Every magnet no matter how small, also has poles.
North of a magnet is always attracted to south. The region around the
magnet is called the magnetic field. The strength of the field is determine by
the number of magnetic lines of force called magnetic flux that runs from
north to South Pole of the magnet. The strength of the magnetic field is
determine by the number of magnetic flux that can be measured using the
unit Tesla m2. One Tm2 is equivalent to one hundred million magnetic flux in
the area around the magnet’s pole.
How does and electric motor work? An electric motor is a device
that uses electromagnetism to change electrical energy into mechanical
energy. In an electric motor, the coil of wire produces magnetic field when
electric current is supplied by a a battery. Since the coil now becomes
magnetic, it has two poles. As the poles of the coil pass the N and S poles of
the magnet, the direction of flow of current is changed. The current in the coil
flows in the opposite direction. This alternation of the current is necessary to
make the motor turn continuously. The component of the electric motor
called commutator causes this to happen. As the direction of current flow is
reversed, so does the coil’s magnetic field. The south pole of the coil
becomes North Pole and vice versa, so the coil is repelled by poles of the
magnet.
The force of repulsion of the pole’s magnet and the magnetic
force of each loop of wire in the coil are equal but opposite in direction: the
two forces produce a torque which causes the coil or armature to turn on its
axis. So any part of device connected to the shaft of the electric motor will
rotate.

Figure 3. Parts of the Electric Motor

12
 A generator on the hand is a device that transforms
mechanical energy to electrical energy. Whenever magnetic lines of force
are cut by a conductor in a close circuit, certain amount of voltage is
induced in the circuit and an induced current will flow through the
conductor.
There are actually two types of electric generator, namely,
Alternating Current (AC) and the Direct Current (DC) generator. A DC
generator is similar to AC generator, except that the contact ring are
replaced by split ring commutator at the terminals of the armature. Look at
the illustration of the electric motor. The commutator of DC generator is
similar to electric motor.

A commutator is a ring split in the middle with each half

connected to one end of the armature terminals. The current induced in the
armature is still an alternating current but the split ring makes the current flow
into the external circuit in only one direction. The current that flows in the
bulb of the illustration is DC current.

The current in the DC generator also pulsates like that of an AC

generator. How many set of coils are wound around the armature in the
illustration above? To get a more constant flow of the induced current, more
sets of coil are wound around the armature with each coil attached to a
different pair of commutator halves. The two brushes are so placed that they
are always in contact with successive pairs of commutator halves.

Some cars use to have a DC generator because a discharged

battery cannot be recharged with an AC generator. Modern cars now uses
AC generators with a special device called rectifier. A rectifier consists of
13
diodes which allow current to flow through them in only one direction and
filter out the opposing current produced.

AC generators are used in electric power plants and portable

electric generators. In Alternating current (AC) generator, the electric current
induced in the armature change direction. As the armature continues to
rotate, the induced current reverses (alternates) its direction every half
rotation. Hence, the current is called alternating current. The current from an
AC generator rises to positive peak, then falls to a negative peak, then rises
again, thus, completing one cycle. The number of cycles per second is the
current’s frequency. As the armature turns faster, the frequency increases.
The current that we get from power outlets in our houses has a frequency of
60 Hertz AC.

A Portable AC Generator

So you know now that magnetic field of the magnet in a

generator must be cut by coil in the armature to create electric current. This
cannot be done without an input mechanical energy. In the illustration
above gasoline is used to make the motor engine rotate and since it
attached to the generator, it provides mechanical energy.

Environmental issues arise as the demand for electric current

increases. The use gasoline, crude oil and carbon to provide mechanical
energy for the generator are very harmful to our atmosphere. They contribute
to the increase in temperature that causes global warming. That is why our
country experienced very strong typhoon.

You are called to do your part as a student in saving our planet

Earth. Reducing your time in playing cell phone can be a great help.
Walking instead of driving is also a good habit to save Earth.

14
POST TEST
Directions: Write only the letter that corresponds to the answer in your
notebook.
1. What device is made of diodes which allows current to flow through
them in only one direction?
A. Rectifier C. commutator
B. AC generator D. DC generator
2. What energy input is needed by generator to create electric current?
A. Mechanical energy C. heat energy
B. Electrical energy D. chemical energy
3. Which of the following parts of a generator is a ring split in the middle
that change the alternating current induced in the armature to one direction
current?
A. Rectifier C. armature
B. Magnet D. commutator
4. What device transforms mechanical energy to electrical energy?
A. Car battery C. electric motor
B. Magnetic field D. generator
5. Which of the following is/are the important parts of a current
generator?
A. Magnet C. commutator
B. Armature D. all of the choices
6. What type of generator the output current reverses its direction every
half rotation?
A. DC generator C. motor-generator
B. AC generator D. electric motor
7. How does one cycle or 1 Hertz of electric current formed?
A. Current rises to a positive peak, then falls to a negative peak, then
rises again
B. Current rises to a positive peak, then remains there through out
C. Current falls to a negative peak, then remains there through out
D. All of the choices
8. What is the difference between AC and DC generator?
A. Current generated in AC does not change while in DC generator
current reverses direction every half rotation
B. Current generated in AC reverses direction every half rotation while
in DC current does not change.
C. Both A and B choices
D. None of the choices

15
9. What is the frequency of the current we get from the power outlets at
home?
A. 20 Hz AC C. 60 Hz AC
B. 20 Hz DC D. 60 Hz DC
10. What force is produced by repulsion of the pole’s magnet and the
magnetic force of the armature of the electric motor causing it to rotate?
A. Repulsion C. magnetic
B. Attraction D. torque
11. What is the magnitude of the force of repulsion of the pole’s magnet
and the magnetic force of the armature?
A. Equal in magnitude but opposite in direction
B. Different in magnitude but opposite in direction
C. Equal in magnitude and the same direction
D. Equal in magnitude but in different direction
12. What do you call the region around the magnet?
A. North magnetic pole C. space
B. South magnetic pole D. magnetic field
13. The magnetic lines of force that determines the strength of the
magnetic field of a magnet is called
A. Tesla m2 C. carbon brush
B. Magnetic flux D. commutator
14. What is the unit in measuring magnetic flux?
A. Ampere C. Newton
B. Tesla m 2 D. horse power
15. How many magnetic flux is one Tesla m2?
A. 10, 000 C. 1,000
B. 100,000 D. 10,000,000

16
 REFERENCES

Andrew. 2020. Best Portable Generators for Home Use. Prime Review

Giancoli, S. (1997). Sixth Edition Physics. Pearson International Edition. Upper

Saddle River, NJ

Hewit, P. G. (1992). Conceptual Physics. Adison – Wesley Publishing Company.

Menlo Park, CA

Toppr.com/ask/simple-electric-motor/

Vendatu.com/question-answer/explain-the-working-principle-of-an-electric-
motor/

17
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF NEGROS ORIENTAL

SENEN PRISCILLO P. PAULIN, CESO V

Schools Division Superintendent

FAY C. LUAREZ, PHD, Ed. D, TM

OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

NILITA L. RAGAY, Ed.D.

OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Acting CID Chief

RACHEL B. PICARDAL, Ed.D.

SGOD Chief

ROSELA R. ABIERA
Education Program Supervisor – (LRMS)

ARNOLD R. JUNGCO
Education Program Supervisor – (SCIENCE & MATH)

MARICEL S. RASID
Librarian II (LRMDS)

ELMAR L. CABRERA
PDO II (LRMDS)

ARNOLD D. ACADEMIA
Writer/ Lay-out Artist
_________________________________

BETA QA TEAM

ZENAIDA A. ACADEMIA
DORIN FAYE D. CADAYDAY
MERCY G. DAGOY
RANJEL D. ESTIMAR
MARIA SALOME B. GOMEZ
JUSTIN PAUL ARSENIO C. KINAMOT
ARJIE T. PALUMPA

ALPHA QA TEAM

ZENAIDA A. ACADEMIA
ADELINE FE D. DIMAANO, Ed. D.
VICENTE B. MONGCOPA
FLORENTINA P. PASAJINGE

DISCLAIMER

The information, activities and assessments used in this material are designed to provide
accessible learning modality to the teachers and learners of the Division of Negros Oriental. The
contents of this module are carefully researched, chosen, and evaluated to comply with the set
learning competencies. The writers and evaluator were clearly instructed to give credits to
information and illustrations used to substantiate this material. All content is subject to copyright and
may not be reproduced in any form without expressed written consent from the division.

18
 About the Author
He has been teaching Science for over 25 years
and presently teaching at Ayungon National High
School, Ayungon, Negros Oriental. He graduated at
Negros Oriental State University. He was a recipient of
DOST scholarship in 1999 called Project RISE (Rescue
Initiative in Science Education) that sponsored his study
at University of San Carlos-Science and Mathematics
Institute. He also completed the crash program in
Physics on the same University. He wrote Science
Arnold D. Academia Intervention Materials in the Division of Negros
Oriental. He is an active member of Philippine of
Physics Society and participated many conventions before the K12 curriculum.
He is an Adviser of Youth for Environment in School Organization (YES-O) and
a member of Science Club Advisers of the Philippines. Presently, he is the
District Science Coordinator of Ayungon 1 District.

ANSWER KEY

Pre- Test Key Answer Evaluation/Post –Test

1.A 6. C 11. B 1.A 6. B 11. A
2. B 7. A 12. A 2. A 7. A 12. D
3. A 8. B 13. D 3. D 8. B 13. B
4. D 9. B 14. D 4. C 9. C 14. B
5. D 10. D 15. A 5. D 10. D 15. D

Answers to Activities
Activity 1
Arranging the steps in making simple electric motor:
1. Step C 4. Step E 7. Step B
2. Step D 5. Step H 8. Step A
3. Step F 6. Step G
Answer to the Analysis questions:
Question 1: length of the coil wire, current in the battery,
strength of the magnetic field
Question 2: The rotation will stop because the interaction between the
Magnetic field of the coil and the magnet will stop.

19
Question 3: The rotation will stop will stop because the coil will lost its magnetic
field.

Activity 1 B
Magnetic force at different angles of the coil:
30 degrees = 0. 62 N
45 degrees = 0. 88 N
60 degrees = 1.08 N
75 degrees = 1.20 N
90 degrees = 1.25 N
180 degrees = zero

Analysis:
Question 1. 30 degrees
Question 2. 180 degrees
Question 3. 90 degrees

Activity 1 C
Steps in making a simple electric generator using two
Identical electric motors:
1. Step 1
2. Step 3
3. Step 5
4. Step 4
5. Step 2
Analysis:
Question 1. Electrical energy
Question 2. Mechanical energy
Question 3. Mechanical energy
Question 4. Electrical energy

20