Concrete Properties Assessment by Partial Replacement of Fly Ash, Cement & Recycled

Aggregate With Natural Coarse Aggregate

Yasir Arafat1, M.P. Verma2
Department of Civil Engineering
1 M. Tech. Scholar, Madhyanchal Professional University,Bhopal, Madhya India.
2 Prof. Madhyanchal Professional University, IBhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.

Abstract- The work audits the feasibility of demolished industry. Hence this research will carry out a systematic study
concrete as partial substitute of natural coarse aggregate of recycling the construction and demolition waste by
respectively. In initial stage, same optimum ratio of cement is conducting the various experiments.
added with partly replaced natural coarse aggregate (NCA)
with recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) in concrete. For test II. MATERIALS & METHODOLOGY
intent, recycled aggregates were accessed from crushed
concrete cubes of grade M25 in laboratory. Variant 1) MATERIALS USED
composition of natural coarse aggregate and recycled
aggregate adopted and test samples from this matrix were 1. Cement (OPC)
prepared for the same test as mentioned above. Observations 2. Sand
reveal, combination of 90% NCA and 10% RCA in ratio, leads 3. Aggregate
to adequate results. 4. Fly ash
5. Recycled concrete aggregate (RCA)
Keywords- Compressive Strength, Flexural Strength, Fly Ash,
Recycled Coarse Aggregate, Replacement. 1. CEMENT: Cement is an extremely ground material
having adhesive and cohesive properties which provide a
I. INTRODUCTION binding medium for the discrete ingredients. Chemically
cement constitutes 60-67% Lime (CaO), 17-25% Silica
Recycled concrete aggregate is produced by crushing (SiO2), 3-8% Alumina (Al2O3), 0.5-6% Iron Oxide
concrete to reclaim the aggregate. Recycled aggregate can be (Fe2O3), 0.1-6% Magnesia (MgO), 1-3% Sulphur
used for many purposes. The primary market is road base for Trioxide (SO3), 0.5-3% Soda And Potash (Na2O+K2O).
information on recycling asphalt pavement into new asphalt
pavement. Aggregate resulting from the processing of 2. SAND: Sand is a naturally happening granular material
inorganic material previously used in construction and made of finely isolated rocks and mineral particles. It is
principally comprising crushed concrete washed and graded characterized by size, being finer than gravel and coarser
for use as an aggregate in the production of further concrete. than silt. Sand could additionally be referred as textural
The objective of the research is to recycle and reuse the large class of soil or soil type; i.e. a soil holding more than 85%
amount of waste generated from construction and demolition sand-sized particles (by mass).
due to increase in population and urbanization or natural
disaster. These wastes constitute a major portion of total solid 3. NATURAL COARSE AGGREGATE: Construction
waste production in the world, and most of it is used in the aggregate, or essentially “Aggregate”, is an expansive
landfills. Due to the shortage of dumping sites and increase in classification of coarse particulate material utilized within
cost of transport, majority of developed/developing countries construction, including sand, gravel, crushed stone, slag,
are facing problems in handling and disposal of such wastes. recycled concrete and geo engineered aggregates. The
By considering all the aspect, it is beneficial to reuse the majorly mined materials in the universe are aggregates.
generated waste for effective utilization and to save Aggregates comprise composite materials for example,
environment. In India very less progress in research on the concrete and asphalt concrete; the aggregate serves as
reuse and recycling of construction and demolition waste has reinforcement for overall composite material. Because of
been made. This may be due to lack of awareness and standard the relatively high hydraulic conductivity value as
on recycle and reuse of recycled aggregate in the construction contrasted with most soils, aggregates are generally

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 utilized within waste requisitions for example, (20%)
foundations and French drains, septic drain fields, C(75%)+S+FA(25%
retaining wall drains, and road side edge drains. M-5 )+NCA(70%)+RCA 19.91 23.02 26.52
Aggregates are likewise utilized as base material under (30%)
foundations, roads, and railroads. C(75%)+S+FA(25%
M-6 )+NCA(60%)+RCA 19.68 22.74 26.24
4. FLY ASH: Fly ash, otherwise called flue-ash, may be a (40%)
standout amongst the residues created under combustion,
and comprises those fine particles that rise with flue
gases. Ash that doesn’t rise is called bottom ash. In
mechanical context, fly ash typically alludes with burning
of coal. Fly ash is by and large caught by electrostatic
precipitators or other molecule filtration gear before those
pipe gasses arrive at the chimneys of coal-fired power
plants. Depending upon the source and makeup of the
coal continuously burned, the contents for fly ash change
considerably, in any case all fly ash incorporates
significant sums of silicon dioxide (SiO2) (both
amorphous and crystalline) and calcium oxide (CaO),
both being endemic parts in many coal-bearing rock
strata.

5. RECYCLED CONCRETE AGGREGATE (RCA): RCA Figure 1. Compressive Strength in N/mm2 at 7 days
is granular material fabricated by evacuating, smashing,
and preparing hydraulic cement concrete, asphalt for
reuse with a pressure driven solidifying medium to deliver
fresh paving concrete. The aggregate retained on the 4.75
mm sieve is called coarse aggregate; material passing the
4.75 mm strainer is called fine aggregate.

Uses: Recycled total can be utilized:

• In paved streets as aggregate base, aggregate sub-base,
and shoulders.
• In gravel streets as surfacing.
• As base for building foundations.
• Keeping in mind the end goal to create high quality

III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Figure 2. Compressive Strength in N/mm2 at 14 days
Table 1. Compressive Strength Result
Compressive Strength
Mix COMBINATION (N/mm2)
( % Replacement) 7 14 28
days days days
M-1 C+S+NCA 18.17 20.63 24.13
C(75%)+S+FA(25%
M-2 23.20 26.40 30.61
)+NCA(100%)
C(75%)+S+FA(25%
M-3 )+NCA(90%)+RCA 23.49 27.36 31.02
(10%)
C(75%)+S+FA(25%
M-4 20.58 24.51 27.36
)+NCA(80%)+RCA

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© 2024, IRJEdT Volume: 06 Issue: 7 | July-2024
 Mix-02 but, strength of Mix-03 is increased 28.55% when
compared with Mix-01. It shows, when NCA are partially
(10%) replaced by RCA, somewhat more strength (1.34%) can
be achieved. On further increment of RCA, a decreased
strength is seen so only 10% replacement of NCA by RCA
should be done. With reference to above discussion, it can be
said that an increment in compressive strength of Mix-02
nearly 27% is achieved & increment in compressive strength
of Mix-03 nearly 29% is achieved as compared with
conventional concrete mix i.e. Mix-01. Also it is seen that
when NCA is partially (10%) replaced by RCA, better results
can be expected.

Table 2. Flexural Strength Result

Flexural Strength
Figure 3. Compressive Strength in N/mm2 at 28 days
COMBINATION (N/mm2)
Mix
( % Replacement) 7 14 28
days days days
M-1 C+S+NCA 3.88 4.45 5.14
C(75%)+S+FA(25%)+NC
M-2 4.85 5.58 6.43
A(100%)
C(75%)+S+FA(25%)+NC
M-3 5.17 6.03 6.93
A(90%)+RCA(10%)
C(75%)+S+FA(25%)+NC
M-4 4.22 4.92 5.65
A(80%)+RCA(20%)
C(75%)+S+FA(25%)+NC
M-5 4.18 4.83 5.57
A(70%)+RCA(30%)
C(75%)+S+FA(25%)+NC
M-6 4.12 4.74 5.32
A(60%)+RCA(40%)

Figure 4. Compressive Strength in N/mm2 at various age

(Days)

With reference of graph (7 days strength), when Mix-

01 is conventional concrete, Mix-02 is the mix of stage-1
which gives optimum results of strength i.e. Mix-02 of stage-
1. From graph it is seen that compressive strength is increased
about 27.68% of Mix-02 but, strength of Mix-03 is increased
29.28% when compared with Mix-01. It shows, when NCA
are partially (10%) replaced by RCA, somewhat more strength
(1.25%) can be achieved. On further increment of RCA, a
decreased strength is seen so only 10% replacement of NCA
by RCA should be done. Similarly when graph (14 days
strength) is analyzed, compressive strength is increased about Figure 5. Flexural Strength in N/mm2 at 7 days
27.97% of Mix-02 but, strength of Mix-03 is increased
32.62% when compared with Mix-01. It shows, when NCA
are partially (10%) replaced by RCA, somewhat more strength
(3.64%) can be achieved. On further increment of RCA, a
decreased strength is seen so only 10% replacement of NCA
by RCA should be done. As shown in graph (28 days
strength), compressive strength is increased about 26.85% of

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 shown, only 10% replacement of NCA by RCA gives
increased strength properties.
2. A maximum compressive and flexural strength is noted
when 25% cement is replaced by FA & 10% NCA are
replaced by RCA for all 7 days, 14 days and 28 days
curing period.
3. The increase in flexural strength is more when compared
with compressive strength with replacement of
conventional materials.

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