INTRODUCTION TO LIBRARY & INFORMATION SCIENCE
LESSON 1: ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS HISTORY • Ulpian Library – founded by Trajan.
EARLY WRITING • Timeline according to PURPOSE
• Pictographic – object.
• Ideographic – idea. Classification Description
• Phonographic – sound. 1 Recordkeeping • Cuneiform
SUMERIAN • Hieroglyphs
• Cuneiform – (Latin) cuneus – wedge. 2 Cataloging • Sumerian tablets
• Telloh Library • Amarna tablets
BABYLONIAN • Library of Ashurbanipal
• Hammurabi – code of laws. • Pinakes of Callimachus
• Library of Borsippa • Pergamum
ASSYRIAN 3 Religion • House of Papyrus, Edfu
• Library of King Ashurbanipal / Nineveh Library (8 • Library of Rameses II,
BC) Thebes (1200-1300 BC)
o Colophon – tablet inscriptions. • Healer of the Soul
• Gilgamesh epic – great flood story. 4 Scholarship & • Library of Ashurbanipal
• Behistun inscription (Persia) – key deciphered by Research • Alexandrian Library
Sir Henry Rawlinson.
EGYPTIAN
• Papyrus LESSON 2: MIDDLE AGE TO RENAISSANCE HISTORY
• Hieroglyphs – (Greek) Hieros – sacred ; Glyphein –
to carve. BYZANTINE & ISLAMIC LIBRARIES
• Prisse Papyrus – oldest Egyptian book. • Imperial Library of Constantinople – Emperor
• Harris Papyrus – longest Egyptian manuscript. Constantine the Great (330 AD)
• Rosetta Stone – key given to Francois Champollion. • House of Wisdom (9th century Baghdad)
• Library of Rameses II in Thebes – contained both • Moslem libraries – Quran
spiritual & medicinal materials. • Monasteries – center for studies & preservation of
PHOENICIAN & CHINESE writings.
• Phoenician - basis for alphabetic characters. • Cassiodorus
• Chinese – writing instruments. o Vivarium – monastic community
GREEK o Scriptorium/Scriptoria – writing room for
• Paragrophos – horizontal stroke indicating topic copying Christian & secular literature.
change. • Book of Kells – richly decorated manuscript of
• Aristotle – FIRST to collect, preserve, & use the Gospels.
culture of the past. • St. Boniface – most notable English monastery.
• Museion – founded by Ptolemy I . • Carolingian Renaissance – revival of learning
• Serapeum – founded by Ptolemy III in Temple of during Charlemagne.
Serapis. • Illumination – embellishment/illustration of
• Pergamum – founded by Eumenes II w/ an pages.
outstanding patronage of arts & letters. Anthony UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES
gifted to Cleopatra. Believed to have originated the • Chiefly theological instruction.
use of parchment. • Cathedral Libraries – support the educational
• Alexandrian Museum & Library – founded by program of the cathedral & encourage study.
Ptolemy I Soter & Ptolemy Philadelphus. • Stationarii – book dealers appointed by the
o Pinakes by Callimachus – catalog. university to guarantee the authenticity of texts.
ROMAN RENAISSANCE
• Uncial script – large rounded letters. • Francisco Petrarca (Petrarch) – Father of
• Codex – a predecessor of the modern book form Humanism. His discovery of Cicero’s letters is said
initially developed using wood tablets (late to have started the renaissance.
parchment) hinged together. • Giovanni Boccaccio
• Papyrus Rylands – earliest fragment of a PRINTING MECHANIZATION
manuscript book. • Johannes Gutenberg (Mainz, Germany) – credited
• Codex Vaticanus – oldest manuscript of antiquity. for the movable type press.
• Asimius Polio – est. the FIRST public library in • Types – technique of combining metal characters
Rome. to form lines & blocks of text.
2 | rgdm
