This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles

for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Designation: C94/C94M − 24a

Standard Specification for

Ready-Mixed Concrete1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C94/C94M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.

1. Scope* (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic

1.1 This specification covers ready-mixed concrete as de- and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon
fined in 3.2.2 (Note 1). Requirements for quality of ready- prolonged use.2)
mixed concrete shall be either as stated in this specification or 1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
as ordered by the purchaser. When the purchaser’s dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
requirements, as stated in the order, differ from those in this ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
specification, the purchaser’s requirements shall govern. This Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
specification does not cover the placement, consolidation, mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
curing, or protection of the concrete after delivery to the Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
purchaser. 2. Referenced Documents
NOTE 1—Concrete produced by volumetric batching and continuous 2.1 ASTM Standards:3
mixing is covered in Specification C685/C685M. Fiber-reinforced con- C31/C31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test
crete is covered in Specification C1116/C1116M.
Specimens in the Field
1.2 As used throughout this specification the producer C33/C33M Specification for Concrete Aggregates
manufactures ready-mixed concrete and the purchaser buys C39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylin-
ready-mixed concrete. drical Concrete Specimens
1.3 The values stated in either SI units, shown in brackets, C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-
or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. gregates
The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; C138/C138M Test Method for Density (Unit Weight), Yield,
therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. and Air Content (Gravimetric) of Concrete
Combining values from the two systems may result in non- C143/C143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement
conformance with the standard. Concrete
C150/C150M Specification for Portland Cement
1.4 The text of this specification references notes and
C172/C172M Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed Con-
footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and
crete
footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be
C173/C173M Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed
considered as requirements of the specification.
Concrete by the Volumetric Method
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the C231/C231M Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the Concrete by the Pressure Method
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- C260/C260M Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- for Concrete
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. C330/C330M Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for
Structural Concrete

1 2
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on See Section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing,
Concrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.
3
C09.40 on Ready-Mixed Concrete. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved April 1, 2024. Published April 2024. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at [email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1933. Last previous edition approved in 2024 as C94/C94M – 24. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/C0094_C0094M-24A. the ASTM website.

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States

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 C94/C94M − 24a
C494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for 2.3 Other Documents:5
Concrete NIST 105-1 National Institute of Standards and Technology
C567/C567M Test Method for Determining Density of Handbook
Structural Lightweight Concrete 3. Terminology
C595/C595M Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
C618 Specification for Coal Ash and Raw or Calcined 3.1 Definitions—The terms used in this specification are
Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete defined in Terminology C125.
C637 Specification for Aggregates for Radiation-Shielding 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
Concrete 3.2.1 concrete, central-mixed, n—ready-mixed concrete
C685/C685M Specification for Concrete Made by Volumet- mixed completely in a stationary mixer.
ric Batching and Continuous Mixing 3.2.2 concrete, ready-mixed, n—concrete manufactured and
C979/C979M Specification for Pigments for Integrally Col- delivered to a purchaser in a fresh state.
ored Concrete 3.2.3 concrete, shrink-mixed, n—ready-mixed concrete par-
C989/C989M Specification for Slag Cement for Use in tially mixed in a stationary mixer with mixing completed in a
Concrete and Mortars truck mixer.
C1064/C1064M Test Method for Temperature of Freshly 3.2.4 concrete, truck-mixed, n—ready-mixed concrete com-
Mixed Hydraulic-Cement Concrete pletely mixed in a truck mixer.
C1077 Practice for Agencies Testing Concrete and Concrete
3.2.5 water, target batch, n—quantity of water to be added
Aggregates for Use in Construction and Criteria for to the batch through the water measuring system after com-
Testing Agency Evaluation pensating for the quantity of ice, if used, surface moisture on
C1116/C1116M Specification for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete the aggregates and water in the admixtures, when applicable,
C1157/C1157M Performance Specification for Hydraulic and by subtracting a quantity of water that is anticipated to be
Cement added at the job site or in transit to adjust slump or slump flow
C1240 Specification for Silica Fume Used in Cementitious of the concrete batch.
Mixtures
C1582/C1582M Specification for Admixtures to Inhibit 4. Basis of Purchase
Chloride-Induced Corrosion of Reinforcing Steel in Con- 4.1 The basis of purchase shall be a cubic yard or cubic
crete meter of fresh concrete as discharged from the transportation
C1602/C1602M Specification for Mixing Water Used in the unit.
Production of Hydraulic Cement Concrete 4.2 The volume of fresh concrete in a given batch shall be
C1611/C1611M Test Method for Slump Flow of Self- determined from the total mass of the batch divided by the
Consolidating Concrete density of the concrete. The total mass of the batch shall be
C1697 Specification for Blended Supplementary Cementi- determined as the net mass of the concrete in the batch as
tious Materials delivered, including the total mixing water as defined in 9.4.
C1797 Specification for Ground Calcium Carbonate and The density shall be determined in accordance with Test
Aggregate Mineral Fillers for use in Hydraulic Cement Method C138/C138M. The yield shall be determined as the
Concrete average of at least three measurements, one from each of three
C1798/C1798M Specification for Returned Fresh Concrete different transportation units sampled in accordance with
for Use in a New Batch of Ready-Mixed Concrete Practice C172/C172M.
C1866/C1866M Specification for Ground-Glass Pozzolan NOTE 2—It should be understood that the volume of hardened concrete
for Use in Concrete may be, or appear to be, less than expected due to waste and spillage,
over-excavation, spreading forms, some loss of entrained air, or settlement
2.2 ACI Documents:4 of wet mixtures, none of which is the responsibility of the producer.
ACI 211.1 Standard Practice for Selecting Proportions for
Normal, Heavyweight, and Mass Concrete 5. Materials
ACI 211.2 Standard Practice for Selecting Proportions for 5.1 In the absence of designated applicable material
Structural Lightweight Concrete specifications, the following material specifications shall be
ACI 301 Standard Specifications for Structural Concrete used:
ACI 305.1 Specification for Hot Weather Concreting 5.2 Cementitious Materials:
ACI 305R Guide to Hot Weather Concreting 5.2.1 Hydraulic Cement—Hydraulic cement shall conform
ACI 306R Guide to Cold Weather Concreting to Specification C150/C150M, Specification C595/C595M, or
ACI 318 Building Code Requirements for Structural Con- Specification C1157/C1157M.
crete and Commentary
5
NIST Handbook 105-1 (revised 1990), “Specifications and Tolerances for
Reference Standards and Field Standard Weights and Measures-1. Specifications
and Tolerances for Field Standard Weights (NIST Class F),” National Institute of
4
Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, Farmington Standards and Technology., U.S. Dept. of Commerce, http://www.nist.gov/pml/
Hills, MI 48333-9094, http://www.concrete.org. wmd/upload/105-1.pdf.

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 C94/C94M − 24a
5.2.2 Supplementary Cementitious Materials—Coal ash or 6.1.3 Slump flow, or flows, desired at the point of discharge
natural pozzolans shall conform to Specification C618. Slag from the transportation unit (see Section 7 for acceptable
cement shall conform to Specification C989/C989M. Silica tolerances),
fume shall conform to Specification C1240. Ground-glass 6.1.4 Total air content at the point of discharge from the
pozzolan shall conform to Specification C1866/C1866M. transportation unit for concrete that will be exposed to cycles
Blended supplementary cementitious materials shall conform of freezing and thawing or anticipated exposure of the concrete
to Specification C1697. (see Section 8 for sampling for air content tests and tolerances).
NOTE 3—Specification C1697 does not apply to the combination of NOTE 7—Table 1 provides total air contents for concrete that vary by
individually batched supplementary cementitious materials during the exposure condition and aggregate size. Total air contents less than those
production of ready-mixed concrete. shown in Table 1 may be specified or used for concrete that is not subject
to freezing and thawing. This may be done to improve workability and
5.3 Aggregates—Normal weight aggregates shall conform cohesiveness, reduce the rate of bleeding, reduce the water content for a
to Specification C33/C33M. Lightweight aggregates shall con- given consistency, or achieve required lightweight concrete density.
form to Specification C330/C330M and heavyweight aggre- Specified total air contents higher than those shown in Table 1 may reduce
gates shall conform to Specification C637. strength without any further improvement of durability.
Exposure conditions for freezing and thawing environments in Table 1
5.4 Ground Calcium Carbonate and Aggregate Mineral correspond to the following:
Filler—Ground calcium carbonate and aggregate mineral filler Moderate Exposure—Concrete exposed to freeze-thaw cycles but not
shall conform to Specification C1797. in contact with the ground or with limited exposure to water, limiting the
ability to cause saturation of a portion of the concrete prior to freezing.
5.5 Water—Water shall conform to Specification C1602/ The concrete shall not receive deicing salts or other aggressive chemicals.
C1602M. Examples include: exterior beams, columns, walls, girders, footings below
the frost line, or elevated slabs where application of deicing salt is not
5.6 Admixtures—Chemical admixtures shall conform to anticipated. The air content requirements for this exposure are consistent
Specification C494/C494M. Air-entraining admixtures shall with those for Exposure Class F1 of ACI 318.
conform to Specification C260/C260M. Admixtures to inhibit Severe Exposure—Concrete exposed to freeze-thaw cycles while in
chloride induced corrosion of reinforcing steel in concrete shall contact with the ground or with frequent exposure to water, potentially
causing saturation of a portion of the concrete prior to freezing. The
conform to Specification C1582/C1582M. Pigments for inte- concrete may receive deicing chemicals or other aggressive chemicals.
grally colored concrete shall conform to Specification C979/ Examples include: pavements, bridge decks, curbs, gutters, sidewalks,
C979M. canal linings, or exterior water tanks or sumps. The air content require-
NOTE 4—In any given instance, the required dosage of air-entraining, ments for this exposure are consistent with those for Exposure Classes F2
accelerating, retarding, water-reducing, and high-range water-reducing and F3 of ACI 318.
admixtures may vary. Therefore, a range of dosages should be allowed,
which will permit obtaining the desired effect.
6.1.5 Which of Options A, B, or C shall be used as a basis
NOTE 5—Interchanging kinds, characteristics, types, classes, or grades for determining the proportions of the concrete to produce the
of the materials permitted in ready-mixed concrete may produce concrete required quality,
of different properties. 6.1.6 When lightweight concrete is specified, the equilib-
5.7 Returned Fresh Concrete—Returned fresh concrete, rium density,
when permitted by the purchaser, shall conform to Specifica- NOTE 8—The density of fresh concrete is the only measurable density
tion C1798/C1798M. of lightweight concrete at the time of delivery. The density of fresh
concrete is always higher than the equilibrium or oven-dry density.
NOTE 6—Specification C1798/C1798M provides requirements for
Therefore, for acceptance of lightweight concrete based on density at the
using, measuring, and reporting returned fresh concrete. These require-
point of discharge from the transportation unit, a relationship between the
ments are in addition to those stated herein. The purchaser may further
equilibrium density and density of fresh concrete needs to be established.
clarify which concrete within an order, such as specific mixtures or
Definitions of, and methods for determining or calculating equilibrium
applications, may incorporate returned fresh concrete.
and oven-dry density, are covered by Test Method C567/C567M.
6. Ordering Information 6.1.7 When high-density or heavyweight concrete is
6.1 In the absence of designated applicable general specified, the density of fresh concrete, and
specifications, the purchaser’s order shall include the follow- NOTE 9—High-density or heavyweight concrete typically contains
ing: aggregate with a relative density of 3.3 or greater conforming to
6.1.1 Designated size, or sizes, of coarse aggregate, Specification C637. This concrete is used for radiation shielding or other
applications where higher density is required by design. For acceptance of
6.1.2 Slump, or slumps, desired at the point of discharge density at point of discharge from the transportation unit, a relationship
from the transportation unit (see Section 7 for acceptable between the fresh density and the density of hardened concrete required by
tolerances), design should be established.

TABLE 1 Total Air Content for Air-Entrained Concrete Exposed to Cycles of Freezing and Thawing
Total Air Content, %
Exposure Nominal Maximum Sizes of Aggregate, mm [in.]
Condition 9.5 [3⁄8 ] 12.5 [1⁄2 ] 19.0 [3⁄4 ] 25.0 [1] 37.5 [11⁄2 ] 50.0 [2] 75.0 [3]
(See Note 7)
Moderate 6.0 5.5 5.0 4.5 4.5 4.0 3.5
Severe 7.5 7.0 6.0 6.0 5.5 5.0 4.5

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 C94/C94M − 24a
6.1.8 If desired, any of the optional requirements of Table 2 production of each class of concrete ordered by the purchaser.
in Specification C1602/C1602M. The producer shall also furnish evidence satisfactory to the
6.1.9 Purchaser shall state any drum revolution limit as to purchaser that the materials to be used and proportions selected
when the concrete discharge must begin. If no drum revolution will produce concrete of the quality specified.
limit is stated by purchaser, the producer shall determine and 6.5 Option B:
communicate the limit to the purchaser prior to delivery. 6.5.1 When the purchaser assumes responsibility for the
6.1.10 Purchaser shall state a time limit from the start of proportioning of the concrete mixture, he shall also specify the
mixing defined in 12.3 or 12.5 to when the concrete discharge following:
must be completed. If no time limit is stated by purchaser, the 6.5.1.1 Cement content in kilograms per cubic meter
producer shall establish and communicate the limit to the [pounds per cubic yard] of concrete,
purchaser prior to delivery. The time limit to complete dis- 6.5.1.2 Maximum allowable water content in liters per cubic
charge shall be stated on the delivery ticket in accordance with meter [gallons per cubic yard] of concrete, including surface
14.1.14. moisture on the aggregates, but excluding water of absorption
NOTE 10—This specification previously included a 1 1⁄2 h time limit to (Note 11), and
end of discharge since its original publication in 1935. There are many 6.5.1.3 If admixtures are required, the type, name, and
options available to the producer to provide the required quality of dosage to be used. The cement content shall not be reduced
concrete with end of discharge limits beyond 1 1⁄2 h or less than 1 1⁄2 h. The
purchaser should consult with the producer for available options to when admixtures are used under this option without the written
establish a time limit to end of discharge prior to or at the time concrete approval of the purchaser.
is ordered. Selection of a time limit to end of discharge should consider 6.5.2 At the request of the purchaser, the producer shall,
ambient conditions, types of cementitious materials and admixtures used, prior to the actual delivery of the concrete, furnish a statement
placement procedures, and projected transportation time between the
batch plant and the point of delivery.
to the purchaser giving the sources, densities, and sieve
analyses of the aggregates and the dry masses of cement and
6.2 If a project specification applies, the order shall include saturated-surface-dry masses of fine and coarse aggregate and
applicable requirements for the concrete to be produced in quantities, type and name of admixture (if any) and of water
compliance with the specification. per cubic yard or cubic meter of concrete that will be used in
6.3 If the type, kind, or class of cementitious materials in the production of each class of concrete ordered by the
5.2.1 and 5.2.2 are not designated by the purchaser, it is purchaser.
permitted to use cementitious materials in concrete mixtures 6.6 Option C:
that will satisfy the concrete properties and other requirements 6.6.1 When the purchaser requires the producer to assume
of the purchaser as ordered. responsibility for the selection of the proportions for the
6.4 Option A: concrete mixture with the minimum allowable cement content
6.4.1 When the purchaser requires the producer to assume specified (Note 12), the purchaser shall also specify the
full responsibility for the selection of the proportions for the following:
concrete mixture (Note 11), the purchaser shall also specify the 6.6.1.1 Requirements for compressive strength as deter-
following: mined on samples taken from the transportation unit at the
6.4.1.1 Requirements for compressive strength as deter- point of discharge in accordance with Section 17 and speci-
mined on samples taken from the transportation unit at the mens made, cured, and tested in accordance with Section 18.
point of discharge in accordance with Section 17 and speci- The purchaser shall specify the requirements for strength in
mens made, cured, and tested in accordance with Section 18. terms of tests of standard specimens cured under standard
The purchaser shall specify the requirements in terms of the laboratory conditions for moist curing (see Section 18). Unless
compressive strength of standard specimens cured under stan- otherwise specified the age at test shall be 28 days.
dard laboratory conditions for moist curing (see Section 18). 6.6.1.2 Minimum cement content in kilograms per cubic
Unless otherwise specified the age at test shall be 28 days. meter [pounds per cubic yard] of concrete.
6.6.1.3 If admixtures are required, the type, name, and
NOTE 11—The purchaser, in selecting requirements for which he dosage to be used. The cement content shall not be reduced
assumes responsibility should give consideration to requirements for
workability, placeability, durability, surface texture, and density, in addi- when admixtures are used.
tion to those for structural design. The purchaser is referred to Standard
NOTE 12—Option C can be distinctive and useful only if the designated
Practice ACI 211.1 and Standard Practice ACI 211.2 for the selection of
minimum cement content is at about the same level that would ordinarily
proportions that will result in concrete suitable for various types of
be required for the strength, aggregate size, and slump or slump flow
structures and conditions of exposure. The water-cement ratio of most
specified. At the same time, it must be an amount that will be sufficient to
structural lightweight concretes cannot be determined with sufficient
ensure durability under expected service conditions, as well as satisfactory
accuracy for use as a specification basis.
surface texture and density, in the event specified strength is attained with
6.4.2 At the request of the purchaser, the producer shall, it. For additional information refer to Standard Practice ACI 211.1 and
prior to the actual delivery of the concrete, furnish a statement Standard Practice 211.2 referred to in Note 11.
to the purchaser, giving the dry masses of cement and saturated 6.6.2 At the request of the purchaser, the producer shall,
surface-dry-masses of fine and coarse aggregate and quantities, prior to the actual delivery of the concrete, furnish a statement
type, and name of admixtures (if any) and of water per cubic to the purchaser, giving the dry masses of cement and saturated
yard or cubic meter of concrete that will be used in the surface-dry masses of fine and coarse aggregate and quantities,

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 C94/C94M − 24a
type, and name of admixture (if any) and of water per cubic user is unprepared for discharge of the concrete from the
yard or cubic meter of concrete that will be used in the vehicle, the producer shall not be responsible for the limitation
production of each class of concrete ordered by the purchaser. of minimum slump or slump flow after 30 min have elapsed
The producer shall also furnish evidence satisfactory to the starting either on arrival of the vehicle at the prescribed
purchaser that the materials to be used and proportions selected destination or at the requested delivery time, whichever is later.
will produce concrete of the quality specified. Whatever
strengths are attained the quantity of cement used shall not be 8. Air-Entrained Concrete
less than the minimum specified. 8.1 Unless otherwise specified, for air-entrained concrete
6.7 The proportions arrived at by Options A, B, or C for the total air contents in Table 1 shall apply based on the
each class of concrete shall be available at the batch plant and exposure condition stated in the purchase order. It is permitted
be assigned a designation to facilitate identification of each to reduce the total air content values in Table 1 by one
concrete mixture delivered to the project. This is the designa- percentage point for concretes with a specified compressive
tion required in 14.1.7 and supplies information on concrete strength greater than or equal to 35 MPa [5000 psi]. Total air
proportions when they are not given separately on each content that differs from the values in Table 1 is permitted for
delivery ticket as outlined in 14.2. concrete not exposed to cycles of freezing and thawing (Note
6.8 The purchaser shall ensure that the producer is provided 7).
copies of all reports of tests performed on concrete samples 8.2 The air content of air-entrained concrete when sampled
taken to determine compliance with specification requirements. from the transportation unit at the point of discharge shall be
Reports shall be provided on a timely basis. within a tolerance of 61.5 of the specified value.
6.9 The producer shall obtain the purchaser’s permission to 8.3 When a preliminary sample taken within the time limits
incorporate returned fresh concrete. of 12.7 and prior to discharge for placement shows an air
content below the specified level by more than the allowable
7. Slump or Slump Flow tolerance in accordance with 8.2, the producer may use
7.1 Unless other tolerances are indicated by the purchaser, additional air entraining admixture to achieve the desired air
the following shall apply. content level, followed by a minimum of 30 revolutions at
7.1.1 When slump is stated as a “maximum” or “not to mixing speed, so long as the revolution limit of 6.1.9 is not
exceed” requirement: exceeded (see Note 13).
Tolerances for “Maximum” or “Not to Exceed” Slumps NOTE 13—Acceptance sampling and testing in accordance with Practice
C172/C172M is not obviated by this provision. Increasing the air content
For Slump of: Tolerance may increase the slump or slump flow.
75 mm [3 in.] or less +0 and –40 mm [11⁄2 in.]
More than 75 mm [3 in.] +0 and –65 mm [21⁄2 in.] 9. Measuring Materials
7.1.1.1 The maximum or not to exceed slump provision 9.1 Except as otherwise specifically permitted, cementitious
shall be used only if a job site water addition is permitted by materials shall be measured by mass. When supplementary
the specification in accordance with 12.7. cementitious materials are used in the concrete mixtures, the
7.1.2 When slump is stated as a target or nominal slump: cumulative mass is permitted to be measured with hydraulic
Tolerances for Target or Nominal Slumps cement, but in a batch hopper and on a scale which is separate
and distinct from those used for other materials except for
For Slump of: Tolerance
ground calcium carbonate and aggregate mineral filler. The
50 mm [2 in.] and less ±15 mm [1⁄2 in.] mass of the hydraulic cement shall be measured before
More than 50 mm to 100 mm [2 in. through 4 in.] ±25 mm [1 in.] supplementary cementitious materials. When the quantity of
More than 100 mm [4 in.] ±40 mm [11⁄2 in.]
cementitious material exceeds 30 % of the full capacity of the
7.1.3 When the purchaser states a slump flow requirement scale, the measured quantity of the hydraulic cement shall be
for self-consolidating concrete: within 61 % of the required mass, and the cumulative mea-
Tolerances for Slump Flow sured quantity of hydraulic cement plus supplementary cemen-
titious materials shall also be within 61 % of the required
For Slump Flow Tolerance
cumulative mass at each intermediate weighing. For smaller
Less than or equal to 550 mm [22 in.] ±40 mm [1 1⁄2 in.] concrete batches to a minimum of 1 m3 [1 yd3], the measured
More than 550 mm [22 in. ] ±65 mm [2 1⁄2 in.] quantity of the hydraulic cement and the measured cumulative
7.1.4 The tolerances for slump or slump flow apply to the quantity of hydraulic cement plus supplementary cementitious
values stated in the order when adjustments in accordance with materials used shall be not less than the required amount nor
12.7 and 12.8 are permitted. more than 4 % in excess. When the purchaser requires alternate
7.2 Concrete shall be available within the permissible range methods of measuring cementitious materials, measurement
of slump or slump flow for a period of 30 min starting either on methods and reporting shall be stated in the order (see Note
arrival at the job site or after the initial slump adjustment 14).
permitted in 12.7, whichever is later. The first and last 1⁄4 m3 NOTE 14—Cementitious materials in bags may be used when requested
[1⁄4 yd3] discharged are exempt from this requirement. If the or permitted by the purchaser.

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 C94/C94M − 24a
9.2 Aggregate shall be measured by mass. The quantity of NOTE 18—Admixture dispensers of the mechanical type capable of
aggregate weighed shall be the required dry mass plus the total adjustment for variation of dosage, and of simple calibration, are
recommended.
moisture content (absorbed and surface) of the aggregate.
9.2.1 For individual weigh batchers, the quantity of aggre- 10. Batching Plant
gate weighed shall be within 62 % of the required mass; 10.1 Bins with adequate separate compartments shall be
except if the required quantity of aggregate is less than 15 % of provided in the batching plant for fine and for each required
scale capacity, the quantity of aggregate weighed shall be size of coarse aggregate. Each bin compartment shall be
within 60.3 % of scale capacity. designed and operated so as to discharge efficiently and freely,
9.2.2 For cumulative weigh batchers, if the required quan- with minimum segregation, into the weighing hopper. Means
tity of aggregate is equal to or greater than 30 % of the scale of control shall be provided so that, as the quantity desired in
capacity, the quantity of aggregate weighed shall be within the weighing hopper is approached, the material shall be shut
61 % of the required mass at each successive weighing. If the off with precision. Weighing hoppers shall be constructed so as
required quantity of aggregate is less than 30 % of the scale to eliminate accumulations of tare materials and to discharge
capacity, the quantity of aggregate weighed shall be within fully.
60.3 % of scale capacity at each successive weighing.
10.2 Indicating devices shall be in full view and near
NOTE 15—The batching accuracy limit of 0.3 % of scale capacity enough to be read accurately by the operator while charging the
establishes a reasonable minimum weighing tolerance that is independent hopper. The operator shall have convenient access to all
of the quantity of material being weighed.
controls.
9.3 Except as otherwise specifically permitted, ground cal-
10.3 Scales shall be considered accurate if their accuracy is
cium carbonate and aggregate mineral filler shall be measured
verified through the normally used capacity in accordance with
by mass and on the same scale as the cementitious materials.
Table 2 and load indicated relative to applied test load is within
The masses of ground calcium carbonate and aggregate min-
60.15 % of the total capacity of the scale or 0.4 % of the net
eral filler shall be measured after the cementitious materials.
applied load, whichever is greater. The minimum quantity and
Each cumulative measured quantity of cementitious materials
sequence of applied test loads used to verify material scales
with ground calcium carbonate, aggregate mineral filler, or
shall conform to Table 2 and its notes.
both shall be within the cumulative mass tolerances in 9.1.
When the purchaser requires alternate methods of measuring 10.4 All exposed fulcrums, clevises, and similar working
ground calcium carbonate and aggregate mineral filler, mea- parts of scales shall be kept clean. Beam scales shall be
surement methods and reporting shall be stated in the order. equipped with a balance indicator sensitive enough to show
movement when a weight equal to 0.1 % of the nominal
NOTE 16—Ground calcium carbonate and aggregate mineral filler are capacity of the scale is placed in the batch hopper. Pointer
not considered part of the cementitious materials.
travel shall be a minimum of 5 % of the net-rated capacity of
9.4 Mixing water shall consist of batch water (water the largest weigh beam for underweight and 4 % for over-
weighed or metered at the plant), ice, free moisture on the weight.
aggregates, wash water retained in the mixer before batching,
10.5 The device for the measurement of the added water
water added at the job site in accordance with 12.7 or by an
shall be capable of delivering to the batch the quantity required
automated truck mixer system in accordance with 12.8, and
within the accuracy required in 9.4. The device shall be so
water introduced from admixtures if the quantity added in-
arranged that the measurements will not be affected by variable
creases the water-cementitious materials ratio by more than
pressures in the water supply line. Measuring tanks shall be
0.01 (Note 17). The batch water shall be measured by mass or
equipped with outside taps and valves to provide for checking
volume to an accuracy of 61.5 % of the target batch water. Ice
their calibration unless other means are provided for readily
shall be measured by mass. In the case of truck mixers, any
and accurately determining the amount of water in the tank.
wash water retained in the drum for use in the next batch of
concrete shall be measured; if this proves impractical or NOTE 19—The scale accuracy limitations of the National Ready Mixed
impossible the wash water shall be discharged before loading Concrete Association Plant Certification meet the requirements of this
specification.
the next batch of concrete. Quantity of mixing water shall be
accurate to within 63 % of the amount established by the 11. Mixers and Agitators
designed mixture proportions.
11.1 Mixers include stationary mixers or truck mixers.
NOTE 17—Mixing water is the total amount of water in a batch less the Agitators include truck mixers or truck agitators.
water absorbed by the aggregates. Mixing water is used to calculate the 11.1.1 Stationary mixers shall be equipped with a metal
water-cementitious materials ratio (w/cm). plate or plates on which are plainly marked the mixing speed
9.5 Chemical admixtures in powdered form shall be mea- of the drum or paddles, and the maximum capacity in terms of
sured by mass. Liquid chemical admixtures shall be batched by the volume of mixed concrete. If used for the complete mixing
mass or volume. Admixtures measured by either mass or of concrete, stationary mixers shall be equipped with an
volume shall be batched with an accuracy of 63 % of the total acceptable timing device that will not permit the batch to be
amount required or plus or minus the amount or dosage discharged until the specified mixing time has elapsed.
required for 50 kg [100 lb] of hydraulic cement, whichever is 11.1.2 Each truck mixer or agitator shall have attached
greater. thereto in a prominent place a metal plate or plates on which

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TABLE 2 Minimum Field Standard Weights and Test LoadsA
Minimum
(in terms of device capacity)
Device Capacity Minimum Loads for Verification of Scale Accuracy
Field Standard
Test LoadsC
Weights
0 kg to 2000 kg
100 % 100 %
[0 lb to 4000 lb]

2001 kg to 20 000 kgGreater ofB Field standard weights or test load to used capacity, if greater than minimum
[4001 lb to 40 000 lb]10 % or 500 kg specified.
[1000 lb] 50 %D
Strain-load testsE are permitted to be used above test load minimums. During initial
verification, a scale shall be tested to full capacity.
A
If the configuration and set up of the scale system prevents access or application of adequate field standard weights or if an unsafe condition is created by the verification
process then the use of the scale above the verified position shall be discontinued until corrective measures have been completed.
B
Field standard weights used in verifying accuracy of weighing devices shall comply with requirements of NIST Handbook 105-1.
C
The term “test load” means the sum of the combination of field standard weights and any other applied load used in the conduct of a test using substitution test methods.
Substitution Test—In the substitution test procedure, material or objects are substituted for field standard weights, or a combination of field standard weights and previously
quantified material or objects, using the scale under test as a comparator. Additional test weights or other known test loads may be added to the known test load to verify
the accuracy of higher weight ranges on the scale.
D
The scale shall be tested from zero to at least 10 % of scale capacity using field standard weights, and then to at least 50 % of scale capacity using a series of substitution
load tests that utilize field standard weights equaling at least 10 % of scale capacity.
E
A strain-load test shall be conducted to verify the accuracy from 50 % of scale capacity to the used capacity of the scale. At least one load test shall be performed in
each quarter of scale capacity. Strain-Load Test—In the strain-load test procedure, an unknown quantity of material or objects are used to establish a reference load or
tare to which field standard weights or substitution test loads are added.

are plainly marked the gross volume of the drum, the capacity condition due to accumulations of hardened concrete or mortar
of the drum or container in terms of the volume of mixed and examined to detect wear of blades. If these conditions are
concrete, and the minimum and maximum mixing speeds of considered extensive enough to affect the mixer performance,
rotation of the drum, blades, or paddles. If the concrete is truck Annex A1 establishes the basis to determine whether correction
mixed as described in 12.5, or shrink mixed as described in of deficiencies is required or if the correction of the deficien-
12.4, the volume of mixed concrete shall not exceed 63 % of cies is adequate.
the total volume of the drum or container. If the concrete is
central mixed as described in 12.3, the volume of concrete in 12. Mixing and Delivery
the truck mixer or agitator shall not exceed 80 % of the total
12.1 Ready-mixed concrete shall be mixed and delivered to
volume of the drum or container. Truck mixers and agitators
the point designated by the purchaser by means of one of the
shall be equipped with means to readily verify the number of
following combinations of operations:
revolutions of the drum, blades, or paddles.
12.1.1 Central-Mixed Concrete.
11.2 Stationary and truck mixers shall be capable of pro- 12.1.2 Shrink-Mixed Concrete.
ducing uniformly mixed concrete within the specified time in
12.1.3 Truck-Mixed Concrete.
12.3 or the specified number of revolutions in 12.5. The
capability to produce and discharge uniformly mixed concrete 12.2 Mixers and agitators shall be operated within the limits
shall be determined in accordance with Annex A1, if required. of capacity and speed of rotation designated by the manufac-
turer of the equipment.
NOTE 20—The sequence or method of charging the mixer will have an
important effect on the uniformity of the concrete. 12.3 Central-Mixed Concrete—Concrete that is mixed com-
11.3 The agitator shall be capable of maintaining the mixed pletely in a stationary mixer and transported to the point of
concrete in a uniformly mixed condition. The capability to delivery either in a truck agitator, or a truck mixer operating at
maintain and discharge uniformly mixed concrete shall be agitating speed, or in non-agitating equipment approved by the
determined in accordance with Annex A1, if required. purchaser and meeting the requirements of Section 13, shall
11.4 Slump tests of individual samples can be used to conform to the following: The mixing time shall be counted
provide a quick check of the probable degree of uniformity. from the time all the solid materials are in the drum. The batch
Sampling and testing shall be in accordance with Annex A1. If shall be so charged into the mixer that some water will enter in
the difference in slump exceeds the limits in Annex A1, the advance of the cement and aggregate and the target batch water
mixer or agitator shall not be used unless the condition is shall be in the drum by the end of the first one fourth of the
corrected, except as provided in 11.5. specified mixing time; or in accordance with the central
concrete mixer manufacturer’s recommended charging se-
11.5 Use of the equipment not conforming to 11.2 is quence.
permitted if operated with a longer mixing time, a smaller load, 12.3.1 If no mixer performance tests are made, the accept-
or a more efficient charging sequence. If required, the unifor- able mixing time for mixers having capacities of 0.76 m3
mity of concrete shall be evaluated in accordance with Annex [1 yd3] or less shall be not less than 1 min. For mixers of
A1. greater capacity, this minimum shall be increased 15 s for each
11.6 Mixers and agitators shall be examined or their mass cubic meter [cubic yard] or fraction thereof of additional
determined as frequently as necessary to detect changes in capacity (see Note 21).

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 C94/C94M − 24a
NOTE 21—Stationary mixers of similar design bearing a Performance maximum water content for the batch as established by the
Rating plate of the Concrete Plant Manufacturers Bureau have been tested designed mixture proportions. Adjusting the concrete mixture
for their ability to produce uniformly mixed concrete in accordance with
Annex A1 for low slump (<50 mm [2 in.]) and normal slump (100 mm to
with water or water-reducing admixture shall be done before
150 mm [4 in. to 6 in.]) concrete in a mixing time between 30 s and 90 s. discharge of concrete, except when obtaining a preliminary
sample in accordance with 17.6. Additional water shall be
12.3.2 If mixer performance tests have been made in accor-
injected into the mixer under pressure and direction of flow to
dance with Annex A1, the acceptable mixing time is permitted
allow for proper distribution within the mixer. After the
to be reduced to the time equal to or greater than that used in
additions, the drum shall be turned at least 30 revolutions at
the qualification testing. If the mixing time is so reduced the
mixing speed. The quantity of water or water-reducing admix-
maximum time of mixing shall not exceed this reduced time by
ture added shall be recorded.
more than 60 s for air-entrained concrete. Mixer performance
tests shall be repeated whenever the appearance of the concrete 12.8 For truck mixers with automated water or water-
or a comparison of coarse aggregate content of separate reducing admixture measurement and slump or slump flow
samples as described in Annex A1 indicates that adequate monitoring equipment defined in 12.8.1 and if permitted by the
mixing has not been accomplished. purchaser, water, or water-reducing admixture, or both, may be
added during transportation to the job site. Such additional
12.4 Shrink-Mixed Concrete—Concrete that is first partially
water shall be injected into the mixer under such pressure and
mixed in a stationary mixer, and then mixed completely in a
direction of flow to allow for proper distribution within the
truck mixer, shall conform to the following: The time of partial
mixer. The water content of the batch shall not exceed that
mixing shall be the minimum time required to intermingle the
established by the designed mixture proportions. If water or
ingredients. After transfer to a truck mixer the amount of
water-reducing admixture is added, the mixer shall be turned at
mixing at the designated mixing speed shall be that necessary
least 30 drum revolutions at mixing speed. Said mixing shall
to meet the requirements for uniformity of concrete as indi-
take place after the last water or water-reducing admixture
cated in Annex A1. Additional turning of the mixer, if any,
addition but before the start of discharge. The acceptance or
shall be at a designated agitating speed.
rejection of concrete based on slump or slump flow shall be in
12.5 Truck-Mixed Concrete—Concrete that is completely accordance with Section 17.
mixed in a truck mixer for 70 to 100 revolutions at the mixing 12.8.1 The automated slump or slump flow monitoring
speed designated by the truck mixer manufacturer shall pro- equipment shall be capable of obtaining one or more physical
duce uniformly mixed concrete as defined in Annex A1. The measurements on the truck mixer related to concrete slump or
start of mixing shall be when all the materials have been loaded slump flow and providing an indication of slump or slump flow
in the mixer. If requirements for uniformity of concrete based on pre-established correlations. The slump or slump flow
indicated in Annex A1 are not met with 100 revolutions of measurement equipment shall report in terms of slump or
mixing that mixer shall not be used until the condition is slump flow. The device for the measurement of water shall be
corrected, except as provided in 11.5. If satisfactory perfor- accurate to 63 % of the amount added with said device. The
mance is found in one truck mixer, the performance of mixers device for the measurement of water-reducing admixture shall
of substantially the same design and condition of blades are be accurate to the greater of 63 % of the amount added or
permitted to be regarded as satisfactory. Additional revolutions 630 mL [61 fl oz]. Upon request by the purchaser, the
of the mixer beyond the number found to produce the required producer shall submit data no older than 6 months substanti-
uniformity of concrete shall be at a designated agitating speed. ating the accuracy of the devices used for the measurement of
NOTE 22—Truck mixers of similar design bearing a Performance Rating water or water-reducing admixture. The equipment shall have
plate of the Truck Mixer Manufacturers Bureau have been tested for their controls to prevent discharge of water at pre-set limits to avoid
ability to produce uniformly mixed concrete in accordance with Annex exceeding the maximum water content for the batch as
A1. established by the designed mixture proportions.
12.6 When a truck mixer or truck agitator is used for 12.9 Discharge of the concrete shall be completed within
transporting concrete that has been completely mixed in a time limit as established in 6.1.10. This limitation may be
stationary mixer, any turning during transportation shall be at waived by the purchaser if the concrete is of such slump or
the speed designated by the manufacturer of the equipment as slump flow after the specified time limit has been reached that
agitating speed. it can be placed, without the addition of water, to the batch.
12.7 For concrete delivered in truck mixers, no water from 12.10 If a drum revolution limit (6.1.9) for start of discharge
the truck water system or elsewhere shall be added after the or time limit (6.1.10) for the completion of discharge is
initial introduction of water during batching, except as permit- specified by the purchaser, these limits shall govern.
ted in 12.8, and if on arrival at the job site the slump or slump
NOTE 23—Depending on the project requirements, technology is
flow needs to be increased to comply with the requirement
available to the producer to alter fresh concrete properties such as setting
stated in the purchase order. Unless otherwise stated, obtain the time, slump or slump flow, air content, and alter delivery and discharge
required slump or slump flow within the tolerances stated in times, or both. Discharge limitations should consider ambient conditions,
7.1.1, 7.1.2, or 7.1.3 with the addition of water, or water- placement procedures, and distance or projected transportation time
reducing admixture, or both. The maximum quantity of water between the batch plant and the point of delivery.
or water-reducing admixture that can be added at the job site 12.11 Concrete delivered in cold weather shall have the
shall be determined by the producer and shall not exceed the applicable minimum temperature indicated in the following

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 C94/C94M − 24a
table. (The purchaser shall inform the producer as to the type 14.1.3 Date,
of construction for which the concrete is intended.) 14.1.4 Truck number,
Minimum Concrete Temperature as Placed 14.1.5 Name of purchaser,
14.1.6 Specific designation of job (name and location),
Section Size, mm [in.] Temperature, min, °C [°F]
14.1.7 Specific class or designation of the concrete in
<300 [<12] 13 [55] conformance with that employed in job specifications,
300 to 900 [12 to 36] 10 [50] 14.1.8 Amount of concrete in cubic yards (or cubic meters),
900 to 1800 [36 to 72] 7 [45]
>1800 [>72] 5 [40] 14.1.9 Time loaded or of first mixing of cement and
The maximum temperature of concrete produced with aggregates, and
heated aggregates, heated water, or both, shall at no time 14.1.10 Amount of water added at the request of the
during its production or transportation exceed 32 °C [90 °F]. purchaser or the purchaser’s designated representative and
their initials.
NOTE 24—When hot water is used rapid stiffening may occur if hot 14.1.11 Type and quantity of admixture or other adjust-
water is brought in direct contact with the cement. Additional information
on cold weather concreting is contained in ACI 306R. ments made to the batch after batching.
14.1.12 For trucks equipped with automated water or water-
12.12 The producer shall deliver the ready-mixed concrete
reducing admixture measurement and slump or slump flow
during hot weather at concrete temperatures as stated by the
monitoring equipment as defined in 12.8.1, the total amount of
purchaser.
water or water-reducing admixture added by said equipment.
NOTE 25—Specifications ACI 301 and ACI 305.1 state a maximum 14.1.13 Revolution limit to begin discharge as established
temperature in hot weather of 35 °C (95 °F), unless otherwise specified. in accordance with 6.1.9.
Owners or agencies may have different temperature limits. Concrete for
mass concrete members may have temperature limits specified or stated in
14.1.14 Time limit to complete discharge as established in
the thermal control plan. The temperature limit should be communicated accordance with 6.1.10.
to the producer. See 6.2. 14.2 Additional information for certification purposes as
13. Use of Nonagitating Equipment designated by the purchaser and required by the job specifica-
tions shall be furnished when requested; such information as:
13.1 If the use of non-agitating transportation equipment is 14.2.1 Reading of revolution counter at the first addition of
approved by the purchaser, the concrete shall be manufactured water,
in a central mix plant. The following limitations shall apply:
14.2.2 Type, brand, and amount of cement,
13.2 Bodies of nonagitating equipment shall be smooth, 14.2.3 Class, brand, and amount of coal ash, or raw or
watertight, metal containers equipped with gates that will calcined natural pozzolans,
permit control of the discharge of the concrete. Covers shall be 14.2.4 Grade, brand, and amount of slag cement,
provided for protection from the weather if required by the 14.2.5 Type, brand, and amount of silica fume,
purchaser. 14.2.6 Type, brand, and amount of ground calcium carbon-
13.3 The concrete shall be delivered to the site of the work ate or aggregate mineral filler,
with a satisfactory degree of uniformity. Satisfactory degree of 14.2.7 Type, brand, and amount of blended supplementary
uniformity is defined in Annex A1. cementitious materials,
13.4 Slump tests of individual samples obtained and tested 14.2.8 Type, brand, and amount of ground-glass pozzolan,
in accordance with Annex A1 can be used for a quick check of 14.2.9 Type, brand, and amount of admixtures,
the probable degree of uniformity. If these slumps differ by 14.2.10 Type, brand, and amount of fiber reinforcement,
more than the limits in Table A1.1, the nonagitating equipment 14.2.11 Source and amount of each metered or weighed
shall not be used unless the conditions are corrected as water,
provided in 13.5. 14.2.12 Information necessary to calculate the mixing
water, as listed in 9.4,
13.5 If the requirements of Annex A1 are not met when the
14.2.13 Maximum size of aggregate,
nonagitating equipment is operated for the maximum time of
14.2.14 Mass (amount) of fine and coarse aggregate,
haul, and with the concrete mixed the minimum time, the
equipment shall only be used when operated using shorter 14.2.15 Ingredients certified as being previously approved,
hauls, or longer mixing times, or combinations thereof that will and
result in the requirements of Annex A1 being met. 14.2.16 Signature or initials of producer’s representative.

14. Delivery Ticket Information 15. Plant Inspection

14.1 The producer of the concrete shall furnish to the 15.1 The producer shall afford the inspector all reasonable
purchaser with each batch of concrete before unloading at the access, without charge, for making necessary checks of the
site, a delivery ticket containing information concerning said production facilities and for securing necessary samples to
concrete as follows: determine if the concrete is being produced in accordance with
14.1.1 Name of ready-mixed concrete producer and batch this specification. All tests and inspection shall be so conducted
plant, or batch plant number, as not to interfere unnecessarily with the batching and delivery
14.1.2 Serial number of ticket, of concrete.

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 C94/C94M − 24a
16. Practices, Test Methods, and Reporting 17.6 If preliminary checks of slump, slump flow, or air
16.1 Test ready-mixed concrete in accordance with the content are made, a single sample shall be taken after the
following methods: discharge of not less than 1⁄4 m3 or 1⁄4 yd3. All other require-
16.1.1 Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the ments of Practice C172/C172M shall be retained. If the
Field—Practice C31/C31M, using standard moist curing in preliminary measurement of slump (12.7) or air content (8.3)
accordance with the applicable provisions of Practice C31/ falls outside the specified limits, address as indicated in 17.6.1
C31M. or 17.6.2 as appropriate.
16.1.2 Compressive Strength Tests of Cylindrical Concrete 17.6.1 If the measured slump or slump flow, or air content,
Specimens—Test Method C39/C39M. or both is greater than the specified upper limit, a check test
16.1.3 Density (Unit Weight) and Yield of Concrete—Test shall be made immediately on a new test sample. In the event
Method C138/C138M. the check test fails, the concrete shall be considered to have
failed the requirements of the specification.
16.1.4 Air Content—Test Method C173/C173M or Test
Method C231/C231M. 17.6.2 If the measured slump or slump flow, or air content,
or both is less than the lower limit, permit adjustments in
16.1.5 Slump—Test Method C143/C143M.
accordance with 12.7 or 8.3 or both, as appropriate, and obtain
16.1.6 Slump Flow—Test Method C1611/C1611M.
a new sample. If the sample of the adjusted concrete fails, a
16.1.7 Sampling Fresh Concrete—Practice C172/C172M.
check test shall be made immediately on a new sample of the
16.1.8 Temperature—Test Method C1064/C1064M.
adjusted concrete. In the event the check test fails, the concrete
16.2 The testing agency performing acceptance tests of shall be considered to have failed the requirements of the
concrete shall meet the requirements of Practice C1077. specification.
16.3 Testing agency reports of concrete test results used to
determine compliance with this specification shall include a 18. Strength
statement that all tests performed by the testing agency or its 18.1 When strength is used as a basis for acceptance of
agents were in accordance with the applicable test methods or concrete, the sample of concrete shall be taken in accordance
shall note all known deviations from the prescribed procedures with Section 17 and standard specimens shall be made in
(Note 26). The reports shall also list any part of the test accordance with Practice C31/C31M. The specimens shall be
methods not performed by the testing agency. cured under standard moisture and temperature conditions in
NOTE 26—Deviation from standard test methods may adversely affect accordance with the applicable provisions of Practice C31/
test results. C31M. The specimens shall be tested for compressive strength
NOTE 27—Deviation from standard moisture and temperature curing in accordance with Test Method C39/C39M.
requirements of Practice C31/C31M is often a reason for low strength test
results. Such deviations may invalidate the use of such test results as a 18.2 Laboratory Personnel—The laboratory personnel per-
basis for rejection of the concrete. forming compressive strength testing of specimens used for
acceptance testing shall meet the personnel qualification re-
17. Sampling and Testing Fresh Concrete quirements of Practice C1077, including an examination re-
quiring performance demonstration that is evaluated by an
17.1 The contractor shall afford the inspector all reasonable
independent examiner.
access and assistance, without charge, for the procurement of
samples of fresh concrete at time of placement to determine 18.3 For a strength test, at least two standard test specimens
conformance of it to this specification. shall be made from a composite sample secured as required in
Section 17. A test shall be the average of the strengths of the
17.2 Tests of concrete required to determine compliance
specimens tested at the age specified in 6.4.1.1 or 6.6.1.1 (Note
with this specification shall be made by a certified technician in
28). If a specimen shows definite evidence other than low
accordance with Practice C1077.
strength, of improper sampling, molding, handling, curing, or
17.3 Samples of concrete shall be obtained in accordance testing, it shall be discarded and the strength of the remaining
with Practice C172/C172M, except when taken to determine cylinder shall then be considered the test result.
uniformity of slump within any one batch or load of concrete
NOTE 28—Additional tests may be made at other ages to obtain
(11.4, 13.4, and Annex A1). information for determining form removal time or when a structure may
17.4 Slump or slump flow, air-content, density, and tem- be put in service. Specimens for such tests are cured according to the
perature tests shall be made at the time of discharge at the section on Field Curing in Practice C31/C31M.
option of the inspector as often as is necessary for control 18.4 The representative of the purchaser shall ascertain and
checks. In addition, these tests shall be made when specified record the delivery-ticket number for the concrete and the exact
and always when each set of strength specimens are made. location in the work at which each load represented by a
17.5 Strength tests as well as slump or slump flow, strength test is deposited.
temperature, density, and air content tests shall generally be 18.5 To conform to the requirements of this specification,
made with a frequency of not less than one test for each 115 m3 strength tests representing each class of concrete must meet the
[150 yd3]. Each test shall be made from a separate batch. On following two requirements (Note 29):
each day concrete is delivered, at least one strength test shall be 18.5.1 The average of any three consecutive strength tests
made for each class of concrete. shall be equal to, or greater than, the specified strength, f 'c, and

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18.5.2 When the specified strength is 35 MPa [5000 psi] or 19. Failure to Meet Strength Requirements
less, no individual strength test (average of two cylinder tests)
19.1 In the event that concrete tested in accordance with the
shall be more than 3.5 MPa [500 psi] below the specified
strength, f 'c. requirements of Section 18 fails to meet the strength require-
ments of this specification, the producer of the ready-mixed
NOTE 29—Due to variations in materials, operations, and testing, the concrete and the purchaser shall confer to determine whether
average strength necessary to meet these requirements will be substan-
tially higher than the specified strength. The amount higher depends upon agreement can be reached as to what adjustment or
the standard deviation of the test results and the accuracy with which that adjustments, if any, shall be made to the mixture proportions,
value can be estimated from prior data as explained in ACI 214R6 and production process, or testing procedures.
ACI 301. Pertinent data are given in Appendix X1.
18.5.3 When the specified strength is greater than 35 MPa NOTE 30—ACI 318-14, Sections 26.12.4 and R26.12.4 (commentary)
address when and how low strength test results can be investigated.
[5000 psi], no individual strength test (average of two cylinder
tests) shall be less than 0.90 f 'c.
20. Keywords
6
ACI 214R-11, “Guide to Evaluation of Strength Test Results of Concrete,” 20.1 accuracy; blended hydraulic cement; certification;
available from American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, ready-mixed concrete; scales; testing
www.concrete.org, 2011, 16 pp.

ANNEX

(Mandatory Information)

A1. CONCRETE UNIFORMITY REQUIREMENTS

A1.1 Significance and Use A1.2.1.1 Cementitious materials content of 300 kg ⁄m3 to
350 kg ⁄m3 [500 lb ⁄yd3 to 600 lb/yd3],
A1.1.1 This annex provides procedures to evaluate the
A1.2.1.2 Coarse aggregate size No. 57 or No. 67 from
ability of stationary and truck mixers to produce uniformly Specification C33/C33M,
mixed concrete. The procedures described herein can also be A1.2.1.3 Fine aggregate fineness modulus 2.5 to 3.0,
used to determine the required minimum mixing revolutions in A1.2.1.4 Target slump of 100 mm to 150 mm [4 in. to 6 in.]
truck mixers for shrink-mixed concrete and for evaluating the or for paving operations at 25 mm to 50 mm [1 in. to 2 in.], and
uniformity of concrete mixtures delivered in nonagitating A1.2.1.5 Air content of 4 % to 6 %.
equipment.
A1.2.2 The load size used for this evaluation shall be within
A1.1.2 The sequence and method of charging mixers has a –20 % and +10 % of the rated mixing capacity of the mixer.
significant effect on the ability to produce uniformly mixed
A1.2.3 Use a batching sequence of concrete materials that
concrete. The procedures in this annex can also be used to has been used previously with success or in accordance with
evaluate the effect of batching sequence for charging or loading the recommendation of the mixer manufacturer. Use alternative
mixers of acceptable condition. procedures if the purpose is to evaluate the effect of batching
A1.1.3 It is not the intent that this complete evaluation be sequence.
performed on mixers at an established frequency. For equip- NOTE A1.1—The standards of the Truck Mixer Manufacturers Bureau,
ment in operation, a visual inspection of the condition of the TMMB 100 and of the Concrete Plant Manufacturers Bureau, CPMB 100,
mixer for blade wear and hardened concrete buildup can be provide recommendations for batching sequence.
conducted as an alternative. If one mixer of a specific design A1.2.4 For stationary mixers, mix concrete at the mixing
has been evaluated by procedures in this annex, it can be speed and minimum duration recommended by the mixer
assumed that mixers of essentially the same design and of manufacturer. The start of mixing time shall be from the time
different sizes will also produce uniformly mixed concrete. A all solid materials are in the mixer. Mixing time is taken as the
selected portion of this evaluation, such as comparison of earlier of when the mixer is stopped or when the first material
slump or coarse aggregate content, can also be performed as a is discharged. Use a suitable timing device, accurate to 1 s, to
quick indication of the uniformity of concrete mixtures. measure and record the time duration of mixing.
A1.2 Concrete Mixture, Load Size, and Mixing A1.2.5 For truck mixers, mix concrete at a mixing speed
exceeding 12 r/min or at the speed recommended by the truck
A1.2.1 Unless the intent is to evaluate special project mixer manufacturer. Complete mixing using between 70 and
situations or concrete mixtures, the concrete mixture used for 100 revolutions of the drum at mixing speed. To determine the
this evaluation should be typical of that produced in the mixer drum revolutions, the start of mixing shall be when all
production facility. Recommended mixture characteristics in- the materials have been loaded in the mixer. Record the
clude the following: number of revolutions at mixing speed.

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 C94/C94M − 24a
A1.3 Sampling A1.5.2 Calculate the density (unit weight) of each sample as
A1.3.1 Separate samples, each consisting of approximately follows:
0.1 m3 [2 ft3] shall be taken after discharge of approximately M
D5 (A1.1)
15 % and 85 % of the load (Note A1.2). These samples shall be V
obtained within an elapsed time of not more than 15 min. The where:
samples shall be secured in accordance with Practice C172/
C172M, but shall be kept separate to represent specific points D = measured density (unit weight), kg/m3 [lb/ft3],
M = net mass of concrete in the measure, kg [lb], and
in the batch rather than combined to form a composite sample.
V = volume of the measure, m3 [ft3].
Sufficient personnel must be available to perform the required
tests promptly. Segregation during sampling and handling must A1.5.3 From the average density (unit weight) of the two
be avoided. Each sample shall be covered to prevent moisture samples, calculate the yield of the batch in accordance with
loss or contamination. Remix the minimum necessary before Test Method C138/C138M.
performing the tests.
A1.6 Air Content
A1.3.2 Sampling From Stationary Mixers—Samples of con- A1.6.1 Measure the air content of each sample in accor-
crete shall be obtained immediately after mixing duration is dance with Test Method C231/C231M. Use Test Method
completed, in accordance with one of the following proce- C173/C173M if the concrete is made with lightweight aggre-
dures: gate or if the coarse aggregate in the concrete has an aggregate
A1.3.2.1 Alternative Procedure 1—The mixer shall be correction factor larger than 0.5 % when determined in
stopped, and the required samples removed by any suitable accordance with Test Method C231/C231M.
means from the mixer at approximately equal distances from
the front and back of the drum, or A1.7 Air-Free Density (Unit Weight)
A1.3.2.2 Alternative Procedure 2—As the mixer is being A1.7.1 Calculate the air-free density (unit weight) of each
emptied, individual samples shall be taken after discharge of sample as follows:
approximately 15 % and 85 % of the load. The method of
D
sampling shall provide samples that are obtained from widely air-free density= × 100 (A1.2)
100 2 A
separated portions, but not from the very ends of the batch
(Note A1.2). where:
A1.3.3 Sampling From Truck Mixers—The concrete shall be D = measured density, kg/m3 [lb/ft3], and
discharged at the normal operating rate for the mixer being A = measured air content on that sample, %.
tested, with care being exercised not to obstruct or retard the
A1.8 Coarse Aggregate Content
discharge. For the duration between obtaining samples, the
mixer shall be turned in the mixing direction at agitating speed. A1.8.1 Use the concrete in the measure used to measure
Obtain samples by intercepting the full discharge stream from density (unit weight) to determine the coarse aggregate con-
the chute without stopping and starting the discharge during the tent. If a separate portion of the sample is used, the concrete
collection of the sample. sample shall be at least 15 kg [35 lb]. Place the concrete in an
adequately sized container and determine the net mass of the
A1.3.4 Sampling From Nonagitating Equipment—Obtain fresh concrete.
the two samples from approximately 15 % and 85 % of the
discharge from the nonagitating equipment in accordance with A1.8.2 Wash each sample over a 4.75 mm (No. 4) sieve
Practice C172/C172M. Mix the portions obtained from each sufficiently to remove the cement and most of the fine
location into uniformly mixed samples. aggregate. Determine the mass of the wet coarse aggregate,
store in a plastic bag, and transport it to a laboratory facility.
NOTE A1.2—No samples should be taken before 10 % or after 90 % of Dry the coarse aggregate in an oven at 230 °C [110 °F] for 16 h
the batch has been discharged. Due to the difficulty of determining the 6 2 h. Sieve the coarse aggregate over a 4.75 mm (No. 4) sieve
actual quantity of concrete discharged, the intent is to provide samples that
are representative of widely separated portions, but not the beginning and to remove any fine aggregate particles. Determine the mass of
end of the load. dry coarse aggregate in each sample.
A1.4 Slump A1.8.3 Express the mass of dry coarse aggregate as a
percentage of the mass of the original concrete sample:
A1.4.1 Perform the slump test on each sample in accordance
c
with Test Method C143/C143M. Start the slump test within 5 coarse aggregate content, % = × 100 (A1.3)
M
min after the sample was obtained.
where:
A1.5 Density (Unit Weight) and Yield
c = mass of dry coarse aggregate, kg [lb], and
A1.5.1 Determine the density of each sample in accordance M = net mass of same fresh concrete sample, kg [lb].
with Test Method C138/C138M. Use the measure for measure-
ment of air content by Test Method C231/C231M unless the A1.9 Compressive Strength
concrete contains a larger nominal maximum size coarse A1.9.1 Make at least three 150 mm × 300 mm [6 in. ×
aggregate than is appropriate for this measure. 12 in.] or 100 mm × 200 mm [4 in. × 8 in.] cylinders from each

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 C94/C94M − 24a
concrete sample. Cure the specimens in accordance with TABLE A1.1 Requirements for Uniformity of Concrete
Practice C31/C31M, except that the cylinders shall be im- Maximum
mersed in water immediately after molding with the tempera- Test Permissible
Difference
ture maintained between the required temperature limits for Air-free density (unit weight), kg/m3 [lb/ft3] 16 [1.0]
initial curing of the standard curing procedures in Practice Air content, % 1.0
C31/C31M for the first 24 h. Transport the cylinders to the Slump, mm [in.]:
If average slump is less than 100 mm [4 in.] 25 [1.0]
laboratory facilities after 24 h and cure in accordance with the If average slump is 100 mm to 150 mm [4 in. to 6 in.] 40 [1.5]
standard curing procedures of Practice C31/C31M. Coarse aggregate content, % 6.0
Average compressive strength at 7 days for
A1.9.2 Test the cylinders in accordance with Test Method each sample,A % 7.5A
C39/C39M at an age of seven days. If the strength of an A
Approval of the mixer shall be tentative, pending results of the 7 day compressive
individual cylinder differs from the average strength of either strength tests.
sample by more than 9.5 %, this value can be disregarded for
determining the average strength for the sample.
A1.9.3 Average the strength of the cylinders from each
sample and express that value as a percentage of the average of A1.10.1.6 Air content of each sample and the difference
all cylinders made from that batch. Calculate the difference in between samples, %.
strength between each sample as a percentage of the overall A1.10.1.7 Air-free density (unit weight) of each sample and
average. the difference between samples, kg/m3 [lb/ft3].
A1.10.1.8 Coarse aggregate content of each sample and the
A1.10 Report difference between samples, %.
A1.10.1 Report the following information: A1.10.1.9 Average strength in MPa [psi] and percent of
A1.10.1.1 Purpose of the evaluation. overall average for each sample and the percent difference
A1.10.1.2 Type and description of mixer and rated mixing between samples.
capacity.
A1.10.1.3 Concrete mixture proportions, batch quantities, A1.11 Requirements for Uniformity of Concrete
density (unit weight), and yield of the batch. A1.11.1 The maximum permitted difference for each prop-
A1.10.1.4 Mixing duration for stationary mixers or number erty obtained from the two different samples of the same batch
of revolutions at mixing speed for truck mixers. are as provided in Table A1.1. Test results conforming to the
A1.10.1.5 Slump of each sample and the difference between limits of all five properties listed in Table A1.1 shall indicate
samples, mm [in.]. uniform concrete within the limits of this specification.

APPENDIX

(Nonmandatory Information)

X1. CALCULATION OF THE AVERAGE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH (f 'cr)

NECESSARY TO MEET THE STRENGTH REQUIREMENTS OF 18.5

X1.1 Section 18.5 of this specification contains the same TABLE X1.1 Required Average Compressive Strength when Data
strength requirements as those contained in ACI 318 and are Available to Establish a Standard Deviation
ACI 301, except it does not require the submittal of the data Specified Strength, f 'c Required Average Strength, f 'cr
#35 MPa [5000 psi] Use the larger from Eq X1.1 and X1.2 [X1.2M]:
and calculation of the average strength, f 'cr necessary to meet f 'cr = f 'c + 1.34s (X1.1)
those requirements. This appendix does not include all of the f 'cr = f 'c + 2.33s – 500 (X1.2)
[f 'cr = f 'c + 2.33s – 3.5] [X1.2M]
detailed requirements of the ACI Code and Specification that >35 MPa [5000 psi] Use the larger from Eq X1.1 and X1.3:
will govern a submittal for their respective purposes. The f 'cr = f 'c + 1.34s (X1.1)
following material is intended to guide users of this specifica- f 'cr = 0.90 f 'c + 2.33s (X1.3)
tion when no formal submittal is required. where:
f 'c = specified compressive strength,
X1.1.1 Table X1.1 provides the statistically based formulas f 'cr = required average compressive strength, and
to calculate the required average strength f 'cr when strength s = standard deviation.
test records from previous projects are available. The strength
test results are used to establish the standard deviation, s. At
least 30 consecutive test results are required to obtain a robust tion between 1.16 for 15 tests and 1.00 for 30 tests. The test
estimate of the standard deviation. If the number of tests is record should be obtained from a similar mixture with a
between 15 and 30, the calculated standard deviation is specified strength within 7 MPa [1000 psi] of the specified
multiplied by a factor to allow for the uncertainty of the strength for the new project for which the average compressive
estimated standard deviation. The factor is a linear interpola- strength is being determined. The equations are related to the

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 C94/C94M − 24a
TABLE X1.2 Required Average Compressive Strength When Data on minimum strength of an individual test result, the highest
Are Not Available to Establish Standard Deviation average strength (f 'cr) determined from these two equations
Specified Strength, Required Average Strength, f 'cr governs. More detailed guidance on this subject matter is
f 'c, MPa [psi] [MPa] psi
<21 [3000] [f 'c + 7.0] f 'c + 1000 available in ACI 214R.6
21 to 35 [3000 to 5000] [f 'c + 8.3] f 'c + 1200
>35 [5000] [1.10 f 'c + 5.0] 1.10 f 'c + 700 X1.1.2 If it is a new mixture or strength level and a strength
test record is not available to establish a standard deviation
then Table X1.2 provides default levels of strength over-
strength acceptance criteria in 18.5 and establish less than a design.
1 % chance of failing these criteria if concrete is produced to
achieve the required average strength at the same degree of X1.1.3 Table X1.3 provides calculated values of over-
variability implied by the standard deviation used. Because the design and required average strength for selected standard
average strength, f 'cr, must be high enough to conform to both deviations and specified strength levels that might be consid-
averages of three consecutive test results and the requirements ered typical. More exact values are obtained from X1.1.2.

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TABLE X1.3 Overdesign Necessary to Conform to Specified Compressive Strength
Inch-Pound Units Required Overdesign SI Units
Specified Standard Deviation from Test Record, psi No data Standard Deviation from Test Record, MPa No Data

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Specified
Strength, f 'c, 300 400 500 600 700 SD unknown 2.0 2.5 3.5 4.0 5.0 SD Unknown
Strength, f 'c, MPa
psi Overdesign above f 'c Overdesign above f 'c
<3000 1000 <21 7.0
3000 400 540 670 810 1130 1200 20 2.7 3.4 4.7 5.8 8.2 8.3
4000 400 540 670 810 1130 1200 30 2.7 3.4 4.7 5.8 8.2 8.3
5000 400 540 670 810 1130 1200 35 2.7 3.4 4.7 5.8 8.2 8.3
6000 400 540 670 800 1030 1300 40 2.7 3.4 4.7 5.8 7.7 9.0

15
Required Average Strength
Specified Standard Deviation from field data, psi No data Standard Deviation from field data, MPa No Data
Specified
Strength, f 'c, 300 400 500 600 700 SD unknown 2.0 2.5 3.5 4.0 5.0 SD Unknown
Strength, f 'c, MPa
psi f 'cr, Required Average Strength, psi f 'cr, Required Average Strength, MPa
<3000 f 'c + 1000 <21 f 'c + 7.0
3000 3400 3540 3670 3810 4130 4200 20 22.7 23.4 24.7 25.8 28.2 28.3
C94/C94M − 24a

4000 4400 4540 4670 4810 5130 5200 30 32.7 33.4 34.7 35.8 38.2 38.3

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5000 5400 5540 5670 5810 6130 6200 35 37.7 38.4 39.7 40.8 43.2 43.3
6000 6400 6540 6670 6800 7030 7300 40 42.7 43.4 44.7 45.8 47.7 49.0
 C94/C94M − 24a

SUMMARY OF CHANGES

Committee C09 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue
(C94/C94M – 24) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved April 1, 2024.)

(1) Section 6.7 was revised.

Committee C09 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue
(C94/C94M – 23) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved January 1, 2024.)

(1) Revised Note 3, Note 10, Note 23, and Note 25 and
Sections 1.2, 6.1.9, 6.1.10, 6.4.1, 6.4.2, 6.5.2, 6.6.1, 6.6.2, 6.8,
6.9, 8.3, 12.5, 12.7, 12.8.1, 14.1, 14.1.1, 15.1, 19.1, and A1.2.5.

Committee C09 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue
(C94/C94M – 22a) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved June 15, 2023)

(1) Revised 2.1, 5.2.2, and 14.2.3. (3) Deleted previous 5.6, Air Entraining Admixture.
(2) Revised 5.6.

ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned
in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk
of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.

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make your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.

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