PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION TECHNIQUES

EASY
1. What is the primary purpose of dental records in personal identification?
a. To determine an individual's blood type
b. To analyze an individual's DNA sequence
c. To identify individuals based on their dental characteristics
d. To assess an individual's physical stature
2. What does DNA profiling primarily involve in personal identification?
a. Analysis of hair follicles
b. Examination of tooth enamel
c. Comparison of genetic markers
d. Inspection of retinal patterns
3. Which of the following personal identification techniques is based on the analysis of
bone structure and morphology?
a. Odontology
b. Anthropometry
c. Osteometry
d. Otolaryngology
4. In personal identification, what does facial recognition technology primarily rely on for
matching?
a. Unique patterns in the retina
b. Distinctive features of the ear
c. Characteristics of the nose
d. Specific facial landmarks
5. Major Features of a fingerprint, using which comparisons of one print with another can
be made.
a. Minutiae
b. Friction Ridge
c. Latent Print
d. Fingerprint Identification
6. Ridges which are significantly shorter than the average ridge length on the fingerprint.
a. Delta
b. Dot
c. Spur
d. Bridge
7. When is fingerprint ridges formed?
a. First to second month of fetal development
b. Second to third month of fetal development
c. Third to fourth month of fetal development
d. Fourth to fifth month of fetal development
8. It is the process of automatically matching one of many unknown fingerprints against a
database of known and unknown prints.
a. Minutiae
b. Automated Fingerprint Identification System – AFIS
c. Exemplar
d. Electric Recording
9. A basic fundamental of fingerprint which says that no two fingerprints are alike.
a. Individuality
b. Permanence
c. Static
d. Variable
10. The theory of fingerprinting asserts that no two fingerprints are exactly same
unless they are obtained from the same finger.
a. Permanency
b. Individuality
c. Infallibility
d. Generality
11. A type of fingerprint pattern in which the slope or downward flow of the innermost
sufficient recurve is towards the thumb of the radius bone of the hand of origin.
a. Ulnar loop
b. Tented arch
c. Accidental whorl
d. Radial loop
12. The following are considerations used for the identification of a loop except one:
a. Delta
b. Core
c. A sufficient recurve
d. A ridge count across a looping ridge
13. The fingerprint method of identification.
a. Pathology
b. Fingerprinting
c. Dactyloscopy
d. Printing process
14. A fingerprint pattern in which one or more ridges enter on either side of the impression
by a recurve, and terminate on the same side where the ridge has entered.
a. Loop
b. Radial loop
c. Ulnar loop
d. Tented arch
15. Chance friction ridge impressions which are obvious to the human eye and which have
been caused by the transfer of foreign material from a finger into a surface.
a. Latent
b. Plastic print
c. Exemplar
d. Patent
16. Means chance or accidental impression left by the friction ridge skin on a surface
regardless of whether it is visible or invisible at the time of deposition. Although the
word latent means hidden or invisible in modern usage for forensic science.
a. Patent
b. Latent
c. Exemplar
d. Plastic print
17. Constitute 60% to 65% of all fingerprint.
 a. Arch
b. Whorl
c. Loop
d. None of the above
18. Constitute 30% to 35% of all fingerprints.
a. Arch
b. Whorl
c. Loop
d. None of the above
19. Also called papillary skin, is the epidermal layer found on the ventral or lower surface of
the hands and feet covered with ridges and furrows.
a. Furrows
b. Epidermis
c. Friction skin
d. Dermis
20. A term coined by Wilder and Wentworth that refers to the examination of the soles and
their significance in personal identification. Podo (foot), Skopien (to study).
a. Polydactyly
b. Podoscopy
c. Poroscopy
d. Ridge
MODERATE
21. Two ridges that split apart.
a. Diverging Ridge
b. Converging Ridge
c. Ridge dot
d. Bifurcation
22. A short or long ridge found inside the recurve directed towards the core.
a. Typelines
b. Appendage
c. Bifurcation
d. Rod (Bar)
23. A part of a loop or whorl pattern surrounded by type lines and consisting of the delta, the
core, and other ridges.
a. Delta
b. Pattern area
c. Core
d. Typelines
24. A diverging ridge that tends to surround the pattern area and serves as a basic boundary
of fingerprint impression.
a. Typelines
b. Delta
c. Core
d. Pattern area
25. The point at which one friction ridge divides into three friction ridges.
a. Ending Ridge
b. Trifurcations
 c. Ridge Dots
d. Bifurcations
26. Friction ridges of varying lengths
a. Short Ridges (Islands)
b. Bridges
c. Enclosures (Lakes)
d. Ending Ridge
27. Also called patent prints are left in some medium, like blood, that reveals
28. them to the naked eye when blood, dirt, ink, or grease on the finger comes into contact
with a smooth surface and leaves a friction ridge impression that is visible without
development.
a. Latent prints
b. Visible prints
c. Prints
d. Impressed prints
29. Also called plastic prints are indentations left in soft pliable surfaces, such as clay, wax,
paint, or another surface that will take the impression. They are visible and can be viewed
or photographed without development.
a. Latent prints
b. Visible prints
c. Prints
d. Impressed prints
30. What is the primary purpose of hand geometry in personal identification?
a. Analysis of vein patterns in the hand.
b. Measurement of the hand's length and width
c. Examination of the alignment of finger bones
d. Evaluation of muscle structure in the hand
31. Which personal identification technique involves the examination of the unique
arrangement of veins in the palm of the hand?
a. Vascular pattern analysis
b. Anthropometry
c. Hand geometry
d. Cheiloscopy
32. Which personal identification technique involves the analysis of skeletal remains to
determine the age, sex, ancestry, and stature of an individual?
a. Fingerprint analysis
b. DNA profiling
c. Forensic odontology
d. Anthropological assessment
33. In forensic entomology, which personal identification technique involves the study of
insects and arthropods found on decomposed human remains to estimate the time of
death?
a. Pollen analysis
b. Insect succession
c. Lipid analysis
d. Carbon dating
34. Which personal identification technique involves the analysis of unique patterns in the
iris of the eye for identification purposes?
a. Palm print analysis
b. Iris recognition
c. Earprint analysis
d. Voice recognition
35. Dactyloscopy came from Greek Words “dactyl” and “skopein”, the latter means
a. Finger
b. To examine
c. Foot
d. Scale
36. The configuration and details of individual ridges remain constant and unchanging. The
principle is called
a. Infallibility
b. Individuality
c. Permanency
d. Reliability
37. These are the canal like impression or a depression found between the elevated lines
which maybe compare with the low are in a tire thread.
a. Furrows
b. Ridges
c. Sweat
d. Pores
38. The long host like structure that serves as the passage way for the sweat that exist at its
mouth, the pore is called
a. Sweat
b. Sweat glands
c. Sweat pores
d. Sweat duct
39. The ridges begin to form on the human fetus during
a. 5 To 6 Months Before Birth
b. 3 To 4 Months Before Birth
c. 5 To 6 Months After Birth
d. 1 To 2 Months Before Birth
40. Fingerprinting offers an accurate and infallible means of __________________. The
ability to identify a person from a mere fingerprint is a powerful tool in the light against
crime.
a. Personal identification
b. Negative identification
c. Apprehension of criminals
d. Detection of criminals
41. Nature never duplicates anything in all its details. Nature does provide SIMILAR things,
but not _________ things.
a. The same things
b. Repeated things
c. Disputable things
d. Identical things
42. Forensic use of fingerprints spread rapidly during the 20th century, and by 1971 the FBI
had _____________ fingerprint cards on file. These became the database for the
Automated Fingerprint Identification System.
a. 100 million
b. 150 million
c. 180 million
d. 200 million
43. Is a forensic process that involves extracting DNA from the nucleus of cells and
comparing the tiny differences between DNA found on evidence and any suspects. The
technique uses results to prove whether people are guilty or innocent.
a. DNA fingerprinting
b. Fingerprint
c. Foot prints
d. A & b
44. An advantage of fingerprint identification method is that the fingerprints pattern remains
same for a person through out his/her life, making it an _______________________ of
human identification.
a. Fallible method
b. Infallible method
c. Positive method
d. None of these
45. How many finger does a normal person has?
a. 10 fingers
b. 8 fingers and 2 index.
c. 8 fingers and 2 thumb
d. 5 pairs
46. It refers to the identification of humans by their characteristics or traits.
a. Fingerprint
b. Fingerprint identification.
c. Fingerprint sensor
d. Biometrics
47. There are no two fingerprints in the world that are exactly alike. What it means is, of
course, that no two fingers, out of all the millions that have been examined through their
prints;
a. Fingerprints are not unique
b. Fingerprints can change throughout life
c. Have ever been found to be alike
d. None of these
48. What is the oldest form of physical evidence?
a. Hair
b. Fingerprint
c. Odontology
d. Blood
49. Which personal identification technique relies on the examination of the unique patterns
of blood vessels in the back of the eye for identification purposes?
a. Retinal scanning
b. Voice recognition
 c. Signature analysis
d. Hand geometry
50. In forensic anthropology, which personal identification technique involves the
examination of skeletal trauma to determine the cause and manner of death?
a. Osteometrics
b. Facial reconstruction
c. Bone histology
d. Skeletal trauma analysis
51. Which personal identification technique involves the analysis of the unique patterns
formed by veins in the palm of the hand?
a. Vascular pattern analysis
b. Earprint analysis
c. Odor analysis
d. Forensic podiatry
DIFFICULT
52. Points at which a single ridge split into two ridges.
a. Island
b. Ridge enclosure
c. Bifurcation
d. Bridge
53. When is fingerprint ridges formed?
a. First to second month of fetal development
b. Second to third month of fetal development
c. Third to fourth month of fetal development
d. Fourth to fifth month of fetal development
54. It refers to the feet and toes.
a. Palmar
b. Plantar
c. Exemplar
d. Latent
55. A variation of the plain whorl pattern. Some ridges tend to form a loop pattern that
recurves and surround a whorl at the center.
a. Core
b. AFIS
c. Central pocket loop
d. Delta
56. The _______________ is that part of a loop or whorl in which appear the cores, deltas,
and ridges with which we are concerned in classifying.
a. Pattern area
b. Typelines
c. Divergence
d. Bifurcation
57. In this pattern a consistency of flow can be observed. It starts on one side of the finger
and the ridge then slightly cascades upward. This almost resembles a wave out on the
ocean and then the arch continues its journey along the finger to the other side.
a. Ulnar loops
b. Radial loops
 c. Tented arch
d. Plain arch
58. These are named after a bone in the forearm called ulna. This bone is on the same side as
the little finger and the flow of this pattern runs from the thumb towards the little finger
of the hand.
a. Radial loops
b. Ulnar loops
c. Plain whorl
d. Accidental whorl
59. It has two distinct and separate shoulders for each core, two deltas and one or more ridges
that make a complete circuit.
a. Composite whorl
b. Accidental whorl
c. Double loop whorl
d. None of these
60. Fingerprinting is universally used as valuable method of identification due to following
reason, EXCEPT:
a. It is formed in the ninth month of pregnancy
b. Fingerprints are not changeable
c. There are no two identical fingerprints
d. Wounded or burned out pattern will re-appear
61. How many ridge counts must a pattern have to be a loop?
a. 5
b. 2
c. 10
d. 1
62. In Dactyloscopy, if we say a person with polydactyl hand, he has ______?
a. Extra hand
b. Extra nails
c. Extra finger
d. Extra hair
63. It is another means of identification through bodily measurement;
a. Hair
b. Blood
c. Odontology
d. Bertillon system
64. What is the outer layer of hair?
a. Cuticle
b. Cortex
c. Medulla
d. Thenar

65. The Greek word which means “to examine” is called

a. Scopien
b. Skopein
c. Scopein
d. Skopein
66. The two ridges running side by side and suddenly separating, one ridge going one way
and the other ridge, another way called
a. Bifurcating
b. Diverging
c. Converging
d. Recurving
67. The termination of ridge or ridges is called
a. Short ridge
b. Ending ridge
c. Termination ridge
d. None of the above
68. The short ridge at the top or summit of a recurve usually at right angle is called
a. Recurving Ridge
b. Abutting Ridge
c. Appendage
d. Shoulders
69. What fingers are rolled towards the body in taking a rolled impressions?
a. Both little fingers
b. All fingers except thumbs
c. Both thumb fingers
d. Both index fingers
70. Statement 1: "Facial recognition" involves analyzing the unique patterns of blood vessels
in the back of the eye. Statement 2: "DNA profiling" is a method that compares
sequences of genetic material for identification purposes.
a. Statement 1 is false while statement 2 is true
b. Statement 2 is true while statement 1 is false
c. Statement 1 and 2 are both true
d. Statement 1 and 2 are both false
71. Statement 1: "Facial recognition" analyzes the unique patterns of blood vessels in the
back of the eye. Statement 2: "DNA profiling" compares sequences of genetic material
for identification purposes.
a. Statement 1 is false while statement 2 is true
b. Statement 2 is true while statement 1 is false
c. Statement 1 and 2 are both true
d. Statement 1 and 2 are both false
72. These whorls consist of at least one re-curving ridge or an obstruction at right angles to
the line of flow with two deltas and if an imaginary line is drawn in between then no re-
curving ridge within the pattern area will be touched or cut.
a. Central pocket loop whorl
b. Plain whorl
c. Accidental whorl
d. Double loop whorl
73. What types of a pattern possesses an angle, an up-thrust, or two or three basic
characteristics of the loop?
a. Plain arch
b. Accidental whorl
c. Tented arch
 d. Ulnar loop
74. It is said that the fingerprints of a person will be carried from womb to tomb. What
principle greatly described the phrase?
a. Principle of individuality
b. Principle of infallibility
c. Principle of permanency
d. None
75. Ridge forms in the person’s fingers and feet during its infants stage which usually starts:
a. 3rd to 4th months of the fetus life;
b. 3rd to 5th months after birth;
c. 5th to 6th month of the fetus life; and
d. 5th to 6th months after birth.
76. The following are considerations used for the identification of a loop except one:
a. A ridges forming circuit
b. A sufficient recurve
c. A delta and core
d. A ridge count across a looping ridge
77. Statement 1: "Retinal scanning" analyzes the unique patterns formed by veins in the palm
of the hand. Statement 2: "Handwriting analysis" examines the distinctive characteristics
of a person's handwriting for identification purposes.
a. Statement 1 is false while statement 2 is true
b. Statement 2 is true while statement 1 is false
c. Statement 1 and 2 are both true
d. Statement 1 and 2 are both false
78. Statement 1: "Earprint analysis" examines the unique patterns of blood vessels in the ear
for identification. Statement 2: "Odor analysis" relies on the distinct scent of an
individual for identification purposes.
a. Statement 1 is false while statement 2 is true
b. Statement 2 is true while statement 1 is false
c. Statement 1 and 2 are both true
d. Statement 1 and 2 are both false
79. Statement 1: "Skeletal trauma analysis" involves studying the distinctive skeletal
structures of individuals for identification purposes. Statement 2: "Anthropological
assessment" relies on the analysis of insect succession on decomposed human remains for
identification.
a. Statement 1 is false while statement 2 is true
b. Statement 2 is true while statement 1 is false
c. Statement 1 and 2 are both true
d. Statement 1 and 2 are both false
80. Which of the following is not true about the value or the importance of fingerprinting?
a. Serve to provide evidence.
b. Prevent criminal substitutions.
c. Help identify victims of calamities like crime.
d. Speedily identifying the perpetrator.
81. The single ending ridge at the center of a recurving ridge of a loop pattern is called
a. Bar
b. Recurving
 c. Spike
d. Ending ridge
82. The ending ridge of any length rising at a sufficient degree from horizontal place is called
a. Spike
b. Uptrust
c. Rod
d. Bar
83. The thin, usually straight narrow white lines running transversely or formed side to side,
across the print, causing the puckering of the ridges is called
a. Creases
b. Puckering
c. Spike
d. Recurving
84. . If one finger is amputated, it is given a classification identical with that of the
a. Opposite finger
b. Adjacent finger
c. Near finger
d. Assign whorl tracing
85. Statement 1: "Iris recognition" involves analyzing the unique patterns formed by veins in
the palm of the hand. Statement 2: "Hand geometry" relies on the measurement of the
unique physical characteristics of an individual's hand for identification purposes.
a. Statement 1 is true while statement 2 is false
b. Statement 2 is true while statement 1 is false
c. Statement 1 and 2 are both true
d. Statement 1 and 2 are both false
86. Statement 1: "Palynology" involves the analysis of plant pollen and spores for
identification purposes. Statement 2: "Phytolith analysis" relies on the examination of
unique patterns in the iris of the eye for identification.
a. Statement 1 is true while statement 2 is false
b. Statement 2 is true while statement 1 is false
c. Statement 1 and 2 are both true
d. Statement 1 and 2 are both false
87. The taking of fingerprint impression, either rolled or plain impression refers to
a. Blocking
b. Interpretation
c. Recording
d. Classification
88. Statement 1: "Breath analysis" involves analyzing the unique chemical composition of an
individual's breath for identification purposes. Statement 2: "Hair analysis" relies on the
examination of unique features in an individual's hair for identification.
a. Statement 1 is true while statement 2 is false
b. Statement 2 is true while statement 1 is false
c. Statement 1 and 2 are both true
d. Statement 1 and 2 are both false
89. If a whorl appears in the right thumb and right index finger only, the primary is
a. 17 over 17
b. 16 over 16
 c. 17 over 1
d. 16 over 1
90. The number of ridge(s) intervening between the tracing ridge and the right delta are
called
a. Whorl tracing
b. Whorl counting
c. Loop counting
d. Ridge count
91. It refers to a line or linear depression; grooves at the phalanges, at the junction of the
digits and across the palmar and plantar surface that accommodate flexion.
a. Distal transverse
b. Flexure line
c. Crease
d. White lines
92. The abrupt end of a ridge.
a. Ridge ending
b. Independent ridge
c. Ridge bifurcation
d. Island
93. A single small ridge inside a short ridge or ridge ending that is not connected to all other
ridges.
a. Delta
b. Spur
c. Short ridge
d. Island
94. Which of the following is NOT a commonly used personal identification technique in
forensic investigations?
a. Fingerprint analysis
b. DNA profiling
c. Dental records examination
d. Blood type matching
95. A bifurcation with short ridge branching off a longer ridge.
a. Core
b. Independent ridge
c. Spur
d. Delta
96. It is an electronic device used to capture a digital image of the finger print pattern.
a. Fingerprint
b. Fingerprint Identification
c. Fingerprint Sensor
d. Electronic Recording
97. A U-turn in the ridge pattern.
a. Island
b. Delta
c. Bridge
d. Core
98. Which personal identification technique involves the examination and comparison of
unique patterns in the iris?
a. Voice recognition
b. Handwriting analysis
c. Iris recognition
d. Facial recognition
99. What personal identification technique involves the analysis of unique patterns in the skin
ridges of the fingers and palms?
a. Dental records examination
b. Footprint analysis
c. Fingerprint analysis
d. Handwriting analysis
100. Which personal identification technique involves the examination of unique
patterns and characteristics in a person's handwriting?
a. Iris recognition
b. Voice recognition
c. DNA profiling
d. Handwriting analysis
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