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1 UNIT I Units of Measurement

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8 views

1 UNIT I Units of Measurement

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christalkaye8226
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GENERAL PHYSICS I

UNIT I: Units and


Measurements

Alicia G. Amper
Learning OUTCOMES
• solving measurement problems
involving conversion of units,
expression of measurements in
scientific notation
STEM_GP12EU-Ia-1
Mathematics
-Language of
Science
PHYSICAL QUANTITIES
are numbers used to describe a
physical phenomenon quantitatively.
Example: mass, time, length, speed,
force
Physical quantities are numbers used
to describe a physical phenomenon
quantitatively.
Physical Quantity
• Physical quantity is a physical property of a phenomenon,
body or substance that can be quantified or measured.
BASIC DERIVED
(FUNDAMENTAL) QUANTITY
QUANTITY calculated from other
can be measured and can be define measureable quantities and
only by describing how there are dependent on other
measured or they exist by themselves.
length (meter m), quantities
mass (kilogram kg) speed (m/s),
work (Joule J | N·m | )
System of
units: SI
(Système
Internationale)
- the universal
system used by
the scientific
community
To specify what type of physical quantity was
being presented, units were formed.
TRIVIA: Why is Universal
System important
• On September 23, 1999,
communication with the
spacecraft Mars Climate
Orbiter was lost as the
spacecraft went into
orbital insertion due to
ground-based computer
software which produced
output in non-SI units of
pound force-seconds
(Ibf•s) instead of the SI units
of newton-seconds (Ns)
specified in the contract
between NASA and
Lockheed.
UNIT PREFIXES & CONVERSION
TO easily write and
understand very large or small
numbers
UNIT PREFIXES & CONVERSION
• When units are not consistent, converting to
appropriate ones is needed
• In unit conversion, units can be treated as
algebraic quantities that can cancel each other out
Types of unit conversion
Types of unit conversion
Types of unit conversion
Unit conversion

SEATWORK
Unit conversion
UNIT PREFIXES
& SCIENTIFIC
NOTATION
SCIENTIFIC NOTATION

To determine the power or exponent of 10, we must follow the rule listed below:
1.The base should be always 10.
2.The exponent must be a non-zero integer, that means it can be either
positive or negative.
3.The absolute value of the coefficient is greater than or equal to 1 but it
should be less than 10. Coefficients can be positive or negative numbers
including whole and decimal numbers.
4.The mantissa (c) carries the rest of the significant digits of the number.
5.Let us understand how many places we need to move the decimal point
after the single-digit number with the help of the above representation.
SIGNIFICANT FIGURES

RULES
1.Non-zero digits are always significant
2.Any zeros between two significant digits are
significant
3.For numbers with decimals, zeros to the right
of a non-zero digit are significant
4.For decimal numbers, zeros before the first
non-zero digit are NOT significant
5.Trailing zeros in a whole number are
considered NOT significant or significant
ROUNDING-OFF NUMBERS
RULES
1.If the figure is less than 5, drop it including all figures to
the right
Example: Round 56.7645 to 4 sf

1.If the figure is more than 5, increase the preceding figure by 1


Example: Round 6.8865 to 3 sf

1.If the figure is 5 and preceding figure is odd, round the number
to make it even
Example: Round 3.63567 to 3 sf
1.If the figure is 5 and preceding figure is zero or even, drop it
including all figures to the right.
Example: Round 4.9054 to 3 sf
ARITHMETIC WITH SF

ADDITION | SUBTRACTION
RULE: round-off the final answer
with the least number of decimal
places.

MULTIPLICATION | DIVISION
RULE: round-off the final answer
with the least number of sf.
PHYSICS AND MEASUREMENTS

Measurement is important in Physics. It is


needed to formulate new concepts, theories,
or laws, and verify the existing ones.
MEASUREMENTS

Measurement -is a process of


comparing an unknown
quantity to a standard quantity
of the same physical
dimension. It is a process of
assigning numbers and the
appropriate unit to a physical
quantity.
MEASUREMENTS

A tooth from a Megalodon is


being "compared" to a ruler.
The unknown quantity is the
length/width of the tooth, while
the standard is the ruler in the
centimeter scale. In this
process, the length/width of the
tooth was determined with a
unit of cm.
PRECISION

Precision - pertains to the


degree of fineness of the
measurement taking
into account the ability of an
instrument to measure small
quantities.
ACCURACY vs. PRECISION
PRECISION
PRECISION

Precision - also pertains to the


degree of agreement of the
measured values. The closer
the measured values to each
other, the more precise the
measurement.
PRECISION
ACCURACY

Accuracy - pertains to the


degree of agreement of the
measured value to the
standard value. The closer the
measured value to the
standard value, the more
accurate the measurement.
ACCURACY
ACCURACY
ACCURACY vs. PRECISION

Accuracy refers to how close a


measurement comes to the accepted
value and

Precision is how close a measurement to


other measurements.

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