Directions: Read and analyse each item carefully.

Write the letter of the correct answer on the blank

provided after each question.

1. Which of the following refers to events that cannot occur at the same time and do not have common
elements?
A. compound events C. independent events
B. dependent events D. mutually exclusive events

Other terminologies that you may encounter:

A compound event consists of two or more simple events.
n-Factorial is the product of the positive integer n and all the positive integers less than it.
Permutations refer to the different possible arrangements of a set of objects where order is important.
Distinguishable permutations refer to the permutations of a set of objects where some of them are alike. These
are two different arrangements of objects where some of them are identical.
Combination is the number of ways of selecting from a set when the order is not important.

2. Which of the following situations illustrates permutation?

A. forming a committee of councillors

B. assigning rooms to conference participants
C. choosing 2 literature books to buy from a variety of choices
D. selecting 10 questions to answer out of 15 questions in a test

3. Which of the following situations illustrates combination?

A. arranging books in a shelf

B. forming plate numbers of vehicles
C. forming different numbers from 5 given digits
D. drawing names from a box containing 200 names

4. How many permutations of the letters in the word PRICE begin with 2 vowels?

A. 9 B. 10 C. 11 D. 12

2! 3! = 12
Since starts with vowel; the order is 2 x 1 x 3! -> Subsequent letters

1st 2nd
vowel vowel

5. How many ways can 3 boys and 4 girls be arranged in a row such that girls occupy the odd places?

A. 70 B. 144 C. 220 D. 288

3! 4! = 144

Since odd  girls and even  boys;

The order is 4g x 3b x 3g x 2b x 2g x 1b x 1g

4 x 3 x 2 x 1 x 3 x 2 x 1  commutative property
4! 3!  Simplify
6. A certain restaurant allows you to assemble your own vegetables salad. If there are 8 kinds of vegetables
available, how many variations of the salad can you make containing at least 5 vegetables?
A. 56 B. 84 C. 93 D. 96

8 vegetables; at least; ¿ 5 vegetables; 8C5 + 8C6 + 8C7 + 8C8 = 93

Since it’s a salad, it will be mixed. Order is NOT important.

7. In a gathering, each of the guests shook hands with everybody else. If a total of 378 handshakes were made,
how many guests were there?
A. 23 B. 25 C. 28 D. 30

n!
=378
(n−2)!2!
n(n−1)(n−2)!
=378
(n−2 )!2 !
n(n−1)
=378
2
n( n−1 )=2(378)
n2 −n=756
n2 −n−756=0
(n−28)(n+ 27)=0
n=28 , n=−27

Since handshake requires two persons and order does not matter, repetition is not allowed, (pag nakipaghandshake
ka sa isa, di na counted ung handshake pabalik). So, it is a combination of two.

n(n−1)
=378
Shortcut: Since r = 2, you may have this equation 2 .
Let’s apply to other example.
5(4 )
=10
5C2 =
2

8. n!
=n−1 Pn−3
What is the value of n in the equation10 ?
A. 5 B. 6 C. 7 D. 8

n!
= P
10 n−1 n−3
n! (n−1 )!
=
10 [(n−1 )−(n−3 )]!
 n! (n−1)!
=
10 (n−1−n+3 )!
n ! (n−1 )!
=
10 2!
2(n !)=(10 )(n−1)!
2(n )(n−1 )!=(10)(n−1)!
2(n )=(10 )
n=5

9. In how many ways can 8 people be seated around a circular table if two of them insist of sitting beside each
other?
A. 360 B. 720 C. 1 440 D. 5 040

Since two insists sitting beside each other, consider that two as one. So, there are 7 elements.
Since the table is circular, this problem involves circular permutation (n – 1)!

(7 – 1)! = 6! = 720; since the two persons may interchange their positions, we have to multiply 720 by 2! (the
permutation of that two persons)

720 x 2! = 720 x 2 = 1 440

10. In a room where there are 10 chairs in a row, how many ways can 5 students be seated in consecutive
chairs?
A. 120 B. 252 C. 600 D. 720

Since they sit on consecutive chairs, we have to consider those 5 as one. There are 6 elements.
6! = 720
In this problem, it is not stated that the students will be seating consecutively. The answer for this problem should be
86 400. 6! x 5! = 86 400

11. How many ways can a team of 11 players be selected from 22 players always including 2 of them and
excluding 4 of them?
C
A. 16 5 B. 16
C9 C. 16 11
C D. 20 9
C
Since we have to exclude 4, n(S) = 18.
Since we have to include 2, they are considered one, n(S) = 17; then remove those

n(S) = 16
(Kasi lagi na silang kasama sa team. Then, remove 2 from the player slots r – 2 = 9; since laging kasama yong 2

Formula: 16C9 (only 9 will be chosen from 16)

12. How many diagonals does a hexagon have?

A. 6 B. 7 C. 8 D. 9

6C2 = 15  There are 15 lines formed from these 6 noncollinear points. We need to subtract 6 (the number of sides
of a hexagon)
15 – 6 = 9

You may also use the Formula used in Geometry in determining the number of diagonals of any polygon.
 n(n−3) 6(6−3 ) 6 (3)
= = =9
2 2 2

13. How many triangles can be formed by choosing the vertices from a set of 12 points, seven of which lie on the
same line?
A. 155 B. 165 C. 175 D. 185

Since we will be forming triangles from these 12 points, we’ll have

12C3 = 220
Since seven of these points are collinear, no polygon will be formed. We have to subtract 7C3 from 12C3

12C3 – 7C3 = 220 – 35 = 185

14. What can be concluded about x and y if x = P(n, n) and y = P(n, n–1)?

A. x = –y B. x = y C. x > y D. x < y

n! n!
n Pn = = =n !
(n−n)! 0 !
n! n!
n Pn−1 = = =n!
(n−n+1 )! 1 !
n Pn =n P n−1
Thus, x = y.

15. A set of tiles contains eight letters, R – Y. If two same sets of tiles are combined, how many ways can all the
tiles be arranged?
16 ! 16! 16 !
A. 16!
C. 8!
8
B. (8)(2!) D. (2 !)

R – Y = 8; 8 x 2 = 16  elements; then 2R’s, 2S’s … 2Y’s.

DISTINGUISHABLE PERMUTATION
16! 16!
= 8
2!2!2!2!2!2!2! 2! (2!)

16. If Eman tosses five fair coins, in how many ways can he obtain at least one tail?

A. 30 B. 31 C. 32 D. 33

In this problem, solving for 1T 4H, 2T 3H and so on is quite tedious, just for 5H (no T).
n(5H) = 1 since we only have one 5H, then subtract from sample space 25 = 32.
32 – 1 = 31

17. How many ways can the letters of the word FREED be ordered such that each word starts with a consonant
and end with a vowel?
A. 9 B. 18 C. 24 D. 27

FREED; consonant  3; starts with consonants, ends with vowels

Vowels  2

The order is 3 x 3! X 2; (3)(2)(3!) = 36

 vowel
consonant
Other letters

Since we 2E’s, we need to divide 36 by 2!(permutation of 2E’s)

36 36
= =18
2! 2

18. How many different 3-digit even integers can be formed by arranging the digits in the number 2 456 if
repetition is not allowed?
A. 18 B. 27 C. 32 D. 36

19. A particular type of combination lock uses the digits 0 to 9. How many sequences of 3 numbers can be
formed to open the lock?
A. 30 B. 720 C. 729 D. 1 000

20. A class is to select a president, a vice-president, a secretary and a treasurer from 7 class members. How
many arrangements of class officers are possible?
A. 28 B. 210 C. 840 D. 5 040

21. How many distinguishable permutations are there of the letters in the name DON BOSCO?

A. 187 B. 1 120 C. 6 720 D. 40 320

22. In how many ways can a team consisting of 2 boys and 3 girls be formed if there are 6 boys and 10 girls who
qualified to be in a team?
A. 15 B. 120 C. 720 D. 1 800

23. A committee of 3 members is to be formed from 6 women and 5 men. The committee must include at least 2
women. In how many ways can this be done?
A. 20 B. 75 C. 90 D. 95

3 committee; ¿ 2 women; 6W 5M
2W 1M; 6C2 x 5C1 = 75
3W; 6C3 = 20
75 + 20 = 95

24. Jay-r was asked to form triangles which are inscribed in a circle. If there are 9 distinct points on a circle, how
many triangles will be formed?
A. 84 B. 120 C. 720 D. 60 480

9 points on a circle; so all the points are non-collinear

Triangle  3 points (3 vertices)
9C3 = 84

25. What is P(9, 4)?

A. 56 B. 336 C. 3 024 D. 15 120

 26. A card is drawn at random from a standard deck of cards. What is the probability of drawing a queen or a
king?
1 2 3 4
A. 13 B. 13 C. 13 D. 13

27. A box contains 4 red balls, 5 green balls and 3 blue balls. Philip draws one ball at random. What is the
probability that the ball is either green or red?
1 1 3 5
A. 4 B. 2 C. 4 D. 12

28. A die is rolled. What is the probability of getting an even number or a factor of 2?

1 1 2 5
A. 3 B. 2 C. 3 D. 6

For items 29 and 30

A die is rolled. Find the probability that
29. a power of 3 is obtained on the first roll and factor of 6 on the second roll.

1 2 1 1
A. 9 B. 9 C. 4 D. 3

30. a number less than 3 is obtained on the first roll and a composite number on the second roll.

1 2 1 4
A. 9 B. 9 C. 3 D. 9

31. A 5–peso coin and a 10–peso coin are tossed. What is the probability that they both come up tails?

1 1 1 1
A. 4 B. 3 C. 2 D. 3

32. If P(A) = 0.20, P(B) = 0.30 and P(A ¿ B) = 0.10, what is P(A ¿ B)?

A. 0 . 10 B. 0 . 20 C. 0 . 30 D. 0 . 40

For items 32 to 35, choose from the options below.

1 1 1 1
A. 26 B. 13 C. 4 D. 2

A playing card is drawn at random from a standard deck of playing cards. What is the probability of drawing of
drawing

33. a diamond? ¼

34. a black card? ½

 35. a queen? 1/13

36. a red ace? 1/26

37. Three coins are tossed. What is the probability of getting 2 heads?

1 1 3 1
A. 8 B. 4 C. 8 D. 2

38. A couple plans to have 3 children. What is the probability that all three will be girls?

1 1 3 1
A. 8 B. 4 C. 8 D. 2

39. A class has 17 boys and 13 girls. The teacher selected 4 boys and 5 girls as contestants in a quiz bee. If a
student is chosen at random from the class, what is the probability of choosing a girl or a quiz bee
contestant?
1 13 17 2
A. 6 B. 30 C. 30 D. 3

40. Two fair dice are rolled. What is the probability that the number on one die is 3 and the other die shows a
number greater than 3?
1 1 1 1
A. 3 B. 4 C. 6 D. 12

For items 41 to 45, use the situation and figure below.

Mrs. Abenojar, the guidance counsellor of Calamba City Science High School, conducted a survey about the
strands that the 70 Grade 10 students preferred to take in the senior high school on the following school year. The
results of the survey are shown in the Venn diagram below.

ABM
9

10 4
5
10 14 15

STEM HUMSS
3

41. How many students do not prefer any of the three strands?

A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 9
42. How many students decided to take STEM only?

A. 10 B. 15 C. 20 D. 39

43. How many students prefer to take ABM and STEM but not HUMSS?

A. 10 B. 15 C. 19 D. 29

44. What is the probability that the student will be taking HUMSS in the senior high school?

15 19 19 33
A. 70 B. 35 C. 70 D. 70

45. If students are randomly chosen, what is the probability that the student will be taking STEM or HUMSS?

29 19 19 39
A. 35 B. 35 C. 70 D. 70