CEC366 – IMAGE PROCESSING
QUESTION BANK
UNIT 1 - DIGITAL IMAGE FUNDAMENTALS
PART A – 2 marks
1. What is meant by digital image processing?
2. Define gray level of image?
3. Define compression?
4. What is meant by lossy and lossless compression?
5. Define weber ratio.
6. What is spatial and Intensity level resolution?
7. Distinguish between photopic and scotopic vision.
8. What is meant by blind spot?
9. What is image interpolation?
10. Define bilinear interpolation?
11. Define four and eight neighbors of pixel P.
12. Define diagonal neighbors of pixel P?
13. State about Eucliclean distance.
14. What is D4, D8, Dm distance?
15. Define path?
16. Define connectivity?
17. When is fine sampling and coarse sampling used?
18. What is the function of image sensor?
19. What is sampling and quantization?
20. What is image acquisition?
21. Define full color processing?
22. Define pseudocolor processing?
23. Define radiance , luminance, brightness?
24. Define brightness, hue and saturation?
25. Define pixel depth?
26. What are the types of light receptors?
27. What is meant by illumination and reflectance?
28. What is the image averaging?
29. List color models involved in hardware.
30. List the application of color models.
PART B
1. Explain the fundamentals steps in image processing.
2. Explain the components of an image processing system.
3. Explain the elements of visual perception with neat diagram.
4. Explain the process of image sensing and acquisition.
5. Explain about the image sampling and quantization process.
6. Define spatial and gray level resolution. Explain about isopreference curves.
7. Explain about Aliasing and Moire patterns.
8. Explain about the basic relationships and distance measures between pixels in a digital image.
9. Explain about RGB color model.
10. Explain about HSI color model.
11. How an RGB is represented using HSI format? Describe the transformation.
12. Discuss about the Two-dimensional mathematical preliminaries in detail.
13. Enumerate DCT and DFT in detail.
UNIT 2 – IMAGE ENHANCEMENT
PART A – 2 marks
1. What is meant by image enhancement?
2. What is gray level transformation function?
3. What is spatial filtering?
4. How negative of an image is obtained and its application?
5. What is point processing?
6. What is contrast stretching?
7. Define bit plane slicing?
8. What is gamma correction?
9. If all the pixels in an image are shuffled, will there be any change in the histogram? Justify your
answer.
10. Whether two different images can have same histogram? Justify your answer.
11. What would be the effect on the histogram if we set to zero, i) higher order bit plane ii)lower
order bit plane?
12. What is histogram? How is it generated for an image.
13. What is histogram equalization and histogram matching?
14. Define averaging filters?
15. Name the different types of derivative filters.
16. For an eight bit image, write the expression for obtaining the negative of the input image.
17. What is meant by bit plane slicing?
18. What is blurring?
19. Define weighted average filter.
20. What is the objective of sharpening?
21. Define masking?
22. What is unsharp masking?
23. Define transfer function of Ideal, butterworth, LPF and HPF.
24. Define transfer function of Gaussian filter in low pass and High pass.
25. Define Homomorphic filtering.
26. How are the smoothing filter u?sed in image processing? Give any two smoothing filters.
27. Compare spatial and frequency domain methods.
28. What are the effects of applying Butterworth low pass filter to a noisy image?
29. What are the application of sharpening filters?
30. Write down a 3x3 mask for the smoothing and sharpening filters.
31. What is order statistics filters?
PART B
1. What is meant by image enhancement by point processing? Discuss any two methods in it.
2. What is the objective of the image enhancement. Define spatial domain. Define point processing.
3. Define histogram of a digital image. Explain how histogram is useful in image enhancement?
4. Write about histogram equalization.
5. Write about histogram specification.
6. Write about local enhancement.
7. What is meant by image subtraction? Discuss various areas of applications of image subtraction.
8. Explain about image averaging processing.
9. Discuss about the mechanics of filtering in spatial domain. Mention the points to be considered in
implementation neighborhood operation for spatial filtering.
10. Write about smoothing spatial filters.
11. What is gradient and the Laplacian? Discuss their role in image enhancement.
12. Discuss the frequency domain techniques of image enhancement in detail.
13. Explain about Ideal low pass filter, Butterworth low pass filter, Gaussian low pass filter.
14. Explain about Ideal high pass filter, Butterworth high pass filter, Gaussian high pass filter.
15. Write about high boost and high frequency filtering.
16. Explain the concept of homomorphic filtering.
UNIT 3 – IMAGE RESTORATION
PART A – 2marks
1. What is meant by image restoration?
2. Why the restoration is called as unconstrained restoration?
3. Compare image enhancement with image restoration?
4. State the cause of degradation in an image?
5. Show the block diagram of a model of the image degradation/restoration process.
6. What is meant by noise probability density function?
7. Give the relation/PDF for Gaussian noise.
8. Define blind deconvolution?
9. Define pseudo inverse filtering?
10. Define inverse filtering.
11. What is meant by wiener filtering?
12. Define harmonic mean filter.
13. Define and give the transfer function of contraharmonic filter.
14. Show that the block diagram of wiener model with noise.
15. Mention the two draw backs of inverse filtering.
16. Which filter will be effective in minimizing the impact of salt and pepper noise in an image?
17. Give the relation for gamma noise and exponential noise.
18. What is blind image restoration?
19. What are the two approaches for blind image restoration?
20. What is meant by direct measurement?
21. What is meant by indirect estimation?
22. What is blur impulse response and noise levels?
23. Why blur is to be removed from images?
24. What is lag range multiplier? Where it is used?
PART B
1. Explain a model of the image degradation/restoration process.
2. Write about noise probability density function.
3. Explain about the restoration filters used when the image degradation is due to noise only.
4. Explain the mean filters.
5. Explain the order-statistics filters.
6. Explain the adaptive filters.
7. Explain about band pass filters and band reject filters.
8. Write about notch filters and optimum notch filters.
9. Explain the simple image formation model.
10. Write brief notes on inverse filtering.
11. How image restoration is performed using wiener filtering? Explain in detail.
UNIT 4 – IMAGE SEGMENTATION
PART A – 2marks
1. What are the different image segmentation techniques?
2. What is segmentation? Write the applications of segmentation?
3. What are the two properties that are followed in image segmentation?
4. Define the property of discontinuity.
5. What are the three types of discontinuity in digital image?
6. How the discontinuity is detected in an image using segmentation?
7. What is edge?
8. Define edge detection?
9. Define zero crossing property of edge detection?
10. How the derivatives are obtained in edge detection during formulation?
11. Write about linking edge points.
12. How to detect isolated points in an image?
13. What is meant by gradient operators?
14. Define laplacian?
15. What is meant by object point and background point?
16. How an image is segmented using thresholding?
17. What are the types of thresholding?
18. What is global and local thresholding?
19. Define region growing.
20. Define region splitting and merging.
21. Specify the steps involved in region splitting and merging.
22. State the problem in region splitting and merging based image segmentation.
23. What are the factors affecting the accuracy of region growing?
24. What is morphological processing?
25. Define erosion and dilation.
PART B
1. Explain the various detection of discontinuities in detail.
2. Explain the edge linking and boundary detection in detail.
3. Write about edge detection.
4. What are the derivative operators useful in image segmentation? Explain their role in
segmentation.
5. Explain the global processing via Hough Transform.
6. What is thresholding? Explain about global thresholding.
7. Explain in detail the threshold selection based on boundary characteristics.
8. Explain about region based segmentation.
9. Explain morphological image processing in details.
10. Explain about erosion and dilation process.
11. Explain in detail about segmentation by morphological watersheds.
12. Write about dam construction.
13. Explain watershed segmentation algorithm in detail.
UNIT 5 – IMAGE COMPRESSION AND RECOGNITION
PART A – 2 marks
1. What is image compression?
2. Define data compression?
3. What are the two main types of data compression?
4. What is the need for compression?
5. Define the objective fidelity criteria used for assessment in image compression.
6. Show the block diagram of a general compression system model.
7. Define relative data redundancy.
8. Define coding redundancy.
9. Define interpixel redundancy.
10. Define psycho visual redundancy.
11. Define encoder.
12. Define source encoder.
13. Define channel encoder.
14. What are the types of decoders?
15. What is meant by error- free compression?
16. What is the significance of lossy and lossless predictive coding.
17. What is the use of variable-length coding?
18. What is run length coding?
19. When a code is said to be prefix code? Mention one advantage of prefix code.
20. List the advantages of transform coding.
21. Mention the merits and demerits of chain code.
22. Give the formula for diameter of boundary.
23. Does the use of chain code compress the description information of an object contour?
24. What is meant by pattern classes?
25. Distinguish between pattern and pattern class.
26. Define training pattern and training set.
27. Enumerate topological feature.
28. What is Skeletonizing?
29. What is signature?
30. Define texture.
PART B
1. What is the need for image compression? Explain image compression standards in detail.
2. Explain the general compression system model.
3. Explain the method of Huffman coding with an example (EX: BABY).
4. Explain arithmetic encoding process with an example.
5. Encode the sentence I LOVE IMAGE PROCESSING, using arithmetic coding procedure.
6. Explain about lossy and lossless predictive coding.
7. Explain the Run-length coding.
8. Write brief notes on JPEG standard with neat diagram.
9. Explain the video compression standards.
10. Explain in detail about the boundary representation.
11. Explain chain code in detail with an example.
12. Discuss about polygonal approximation with an example.
13. Write notes on signatures and boundary segments.
14. Explain the various boundary descriptors in detail with a neat diagram.
15. Explain the principle behind fourier descriptor based shape representation.
16. Explain the regional descriptors in details with a neat diagram.
17. What regional descriptors are used to represent an image? Explain in detail.
18. What is texture? How texture features are extracted in an image.
19. Describe in detail about patterns and pattern classes.
20. Explain image recognition based on matching.
