Pragmatics and English for Specific

Purposes: Insights from Linguistic Relativity

and Computational Thinking
Introduction
Pragmatics is the study of how context influences the interpretation of meaning in
language use. It encompasses the social aspects of communication, focusing on speaker
intentions and the implications of messages within specific contexts (Levinson, 1983).
English for Specific Purposes (ESP) plays a vital role in technical communication by
equipping professionals with the language skills required in particular fields (Hutchinson &
Waters, 1987). Effective communication relies heavily on understanding pragmatic
nuances, which are essential for engaging diverse audiences and adapting language to
specific needs (Paltridge & Starfield, 2013).
Integrating computational thinking into pragmatic language use enhances learners'
abilities to navigate linguistic complexities. This problem-solving approach involves:
Breaking down complex language structures (Wing, 2006)
Recognizing patterns in communication (Grover & Pea, 2013)
Developing algorithms for effective interaction (Selby & Woollard, 2014)
By fostering analytical skills, computational thinking complements pragmatic competence,
enabling students to apply their knowledge practically. Understanding how language
operates within specific contexts becomes more manageable, ultimately resulting in
improved communication outcomes across various professions.
The Pragmatic Foundation of ESP
At the University of Valle Santa Cruz (Univalle), ESP courses are designed to integrate
pragmatics and computational thinking into the curriculum. This approach helps students
understand and use language effectively in their specific areas of study. Pragmatics plays
a crucial role in ESP by shaping how language is understood and used within specific
contexts. Central to this is the concept of speech acts, which involves recognizing the
intentions behind utterances. Understanding these speech acts allows learners to navigate
complex professional interactions effectively.
Speech Acts in ESP Contexts
In ESP courses, speech acts can be categorized into various types, such as:
 Assertives: Statements that convey information (e.g., technical reports).
 Directives: Requests or commands (e.g., giving instructions).
 Commissives: Promises or commitments (e.g., project proposals).
These categories are essential for students to comprehend the nuances of communication
within their fields.

Computational Thinking in Language Use

Incorporating computational thinking into ESP enhances learners' abilities to navigate
linguistic complexities. This problem-solving approach involves:
 Breaking down complex language structures
 Recognizing patterns in communication
 Developing algorithms for effective interaction
By fostering analytical skills, computational thinking complements pragmatic competence,
enabling students to apply their knowledge practically. Understanding how language
operates within specific contexts becomes more manageable, ultimately resulting in
improved communication outcomes across various professions.
Communicative Objectives Across Fields
Different disciplines have unique communicative objectives that emphasize pragmatic
skills. Here are examples from two prominent fields:
1. Engineering:
 Students must learn how to deliver presentations that articulate design
concepts clearly.
 Writing technical documentation requires precision and clarity, reflecting
an understanding of both audience and context.
2. Medical English:
 Effective patient communication involves using empathetic language
while ensuring clarity in conveying medical advice.
 Interactions with medical professionals demand an awareness of formal
register and specialized terminology.
Impact on Student Interactions and Learning Outcomes
Pragmatics influences student interactions significantly. By understanding the social
dynamics and contextual factors at play, students can achieve better learning outcomes.
Key aspects include:
 Role-playing scenarios: Simulated environments encourage practice in real-world
contexts.
 Peer interaction: Engaging with classmates fosters collaborative learning
experiences, enhancing communicative competence.
 Feedback mechanisms: Constructive feedback on language use helps refine
pragmatic skills.
Case Study Context: Univalle's ESP Program
The University of Valle Santa Cruz has a unique way of teaching English for Specific
Purposes (ESP). They focus heavily on pragmatics and computational thinking, which helps
students understand and use language effectively in their specific areas of study.
Key Aspects of Univalle's Methodology
1. Integration of Pragmatics: Lessons focus on understanding context, speaker
intentions, and social norms relevant to professional communication.
2. Computational Thinking: Students learn to break down linguistic challenges into
manageable components, enhancing their analytical skills.
Demographic at Univalle
Univalle has a diverse group of students from different fields, each with their own
language learning needs:
 Engineering Students: Require precise technical language for project documentation
and presentations.
 Medical English Learners: Need to master communication for patient interactions
and clinical settings.
Importance of Real-Life Contexts
By emphasizing real-life situations in language training, Univalle ensures that students can
effectively use what they've learned in professional settings. This approach not only
improves their ability to understand and use language appropriately but also boosts their
confidence as they work with materials specific to their fields.
Authentic Contexts and Technical Language in ESP Instruction
Incorporating authentic materials into English for Specific Purposes (ESP) instruction is
vital for enhancing language acquisition. These materials, such as case studies and patient
records, serve multiple purposes in the learning process.
Benefits of Using Authentic Materials
1. Real-World Relevance:
 Authentic texts mirror the complexities of language used in professional
contexts. This exposure provides students with insights into real-world
applications, equipping them to tackle actual challenges they may face in
their careers.
2. Engagement and Motivation:
 Students often find authentic materials more engaging than traditional
textbooks. The inclusion of real-life scenarios fosters a deeper connection
to the subject matter, enhancing motivation to learn and apply technical
vocabulary.
 3. Contextual Understanding:
 Exposure to authentic texts aids students in understanding the social
norms and expectations associated with specific fields. This understanding
is crucial for effective communication, particularly within specialized
environments like healthcare or engineering.
Impact on Pragmatic and Technical Competence
The integration of authentic materials significantly impacts students' pragmatic and
technical competence:
1. Pragmatic Skills Development:
 Engaging with real-world texts allows students to practice interpreting
meanings beyond the literal level. They learn to discern speaker
intentions, recognize contextual cues, and adapt their language
accordingly.
2. Technical Vocabulary Acquisition:
 Navigating authentic documents helps students familiarize themselves
with discipline-specific terminology. This vocabulary acquisition is
essential for clear communication within their chosen fields.
3. Problem-Solving Abilities:
 Analyzing case studies encourages critical thinking and problem-solving
skills. Students learn to approach linguistic challenges systematically,
applying computational thinking strategies to dissect complex
information.

Cognitive Dimensions: BICS vs. CALP in ESP Learning at Univalle

Understanding the distinction between Basic Interpersonal Communicative Skills (BICS)
and Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency (CALP) is crucial for ESP students at
Univalle.
 BICS: Refers to the language skills required for everyday communication,
emphasizing social interactions. These skills are often acquired quickly and are
observable in informal settings.
 CALP: Involves the language used in academic contexts, requiring a deeper
understanding of vocabulary and complex structures. This proficiency develops over
a longer period and is essential for success in specialized fields.
Why Does This Matter?
Recognizing these differences leads to more effective teaching strategies by:
1. Tailoring instruction that balances both BICS and CALP development.
 2. Enhancing classroom activities that promote practical communication scenarios
while simultaneously focusing on academic language.
Failure to address these distinctions may leave students unprepared for the demands of
their respective fields. For instance, an engineering student may excel in casual
conversation but struggle with technical reports or presentations due to insufficient CALP.

The Solution
Integrating both dimensions into the curriculum supports a comprehensive learning
experience, equipping students with necessary skills for real-world applications.
Understanding Linguistic Relativity and Its Impact on ESP Students' Learning
Linguistic relativity theory, often referred to as the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, suggests that
the structure of a language influences its speakers' thinking and worldview. In the context
of English for Specific Purposes (ESP), this theory has significant implications for students'
learning processes.
1. The Cognitive Impact of Technical Language:
 Technical language in specific fields can shape how students perceive and
process information. For instance, medical terminology not only conveys
precise meanings but also frames how healthcare professionals think
about patient care.
2. Problem-Solving Approaches Influenced by Specialized Vocabulary:
 The use of specialized vocabulary influences analytical skills. Engineering
students trained in technical language may approach problem-solving with
a mindset tailored to their field, utilizing specific terms that guide their
thought processes.
3. Real-World Application of Linguistic Choices:
 Consider an engineering student tasked with designing a bridge. The
language used in design specifications will dictate both the
conceptualization and implementation of ideas, showcasing how linguistic
choices can directly affect outcomes.
Tailoring Teaching Strategies Based on Linguistic Relativity
Understanding linguistic relativity enhances educators' ability to tailor teaching strategies
that align with students' cognitive frameworks, promoting more effective communication
and problem-solving within their respective fields.
Relevance Theory and Cognitive Efficiency in Discourse Practices of ESP
Students at Univalle
Relevance theory plays a crucial role in understanding how ESP students at Univalle
engage in communication. This theory emphasizes the idea that individuals seek
information that is most pertinent to their needs, thereby maximizing cognitive efficiency
during interactions.
1. Least Effort Hypothesis:
 This principle suggests that communicators prefer to invest minimal effort
while achieving maximum relevance. For example, when crafting emails,
students are likely to choose straightforward language and clear
structures to convey their messages effectively.
2. Schema Theory:
 This concept relates to the mental structures that help individuals
organize and interpret information. In ESP contexts, students utilize
existing schemas related to their specific fields—such as medical or
engineering terminology—to enhance understanding and facilitate clearer
communication.
By applying relevance theory, students can refine their discourse practices, ensuring they
focus on essential information while maintaining clarity. This approach not only improves
comprehension but also equips learners with practical skills necessary for professional
environments where precise language use is critical.
Rhetorical Tools for Persuasive Language Use in Biomedical Engineering Courses
at Univalle
In the Biomedical Engineering courses at Univalle, students utilize various rhetorical tools
to create effective and persuasive communication. These strategies are crucial for
constructing well-supported arguments, whether in research proposals, technical
documentation, or presentations. Here are the primary rhetorical strategies they focus on:
Ethos:
Establishing credibility is essential by referencing authoritative scientific sources and
maintaining a professional tone. Biomedical engineering students build trust with their
audience by demonstrating their expertise and knowledge through rigorous research and
accurate data representation.
Pathos:
Engaging emotions is crucial, particularly when discussing the human impact of
biomedical innovations. Students highlight the potential benefits of their work on patient
health and quality of life. This approach helps make their arguments more relatable and
compelling, emphasizing the real-world applications and humanitarian aspects of their
projects.
Logos:
Logical reasoning is fundamental in their writing. Students construct well-structured
arguments supported by empirical evidence, ensuring clarity and coherence throughout
their texts. This involves detailing the scientific principles, methodologies, and results that
underpin their work, thus providing a solid foundation for their claims.
Practical Application through Simulations
To reinforce these concepts, students actively practice these techniques in real-world
scenarios such as project pitches, grant applications, and technical presentations. This
hands-on experience allows them to immediately apply the rhetorical tools they've learned
in relevant situations, preparing them for professional environments where persuasive
communication is essential.
Learning from Pioneering Biomedical Innovations
In addition to practical exercises, students analyze pioneering biomedical innovations and
landmark research papers to gain insights into effective argumentation strategies. By
studying successful case studies and groundbreaking research, they can identify
successful rhetorical moves that can be emulated in their own work.
The integration of these rhetorical tools not only enhances students' persuasive skills but
also equips them for future professional communication. The focus on practical application
ensures that they can confidently navigate complex biomedical discussions with expertise
and finesse.
Conclusion: Embracing a Pragmatic Approach to Teaching ESP with
Computational Thinking Integration for Enhanced Student Outcomes at Univalle
 Adopt a goal-oriented approach in ESP teaching, focusing on authentic contexts that
reflect real-world scenarios.
 Incorporate insights from linguistic relativity into pedagogical practices. This
ensures students understand the nuances of language use specific to their fields.
 Encourage educators to integrate computational thinking strategies, enhancing
students' analytical skills and pragmatic competence.
Implementing these recommendations will foster improved student outcomes and prepare
learners for effective communication in specialized environments. Furthermore, the
adoption of technology in language education can greatly enhance the learning
experience. Integrating multimedia tools, such as interactive videos or virtual reality
simulations, can provide students with immersive and engaging language practice.
Similarly, leveraging artificial intelligence for personalized feedback and adaptive learning
can address individual students' needs more effectively, leading to better outcomes.
Ronald Quezada Torrez