Artaud, Antonin - The Death of Satan and Other Mystical Writings (Tr. Hamilton & Corti) (Calder & Boyars, 1974)
Artaud, Antonin - The Death of Satan and Other Mystical Writings (Tr. Hamilton & Corti) (Calder & Boyars, 1974)
and other
MYSTICAL WRITINGS
By the same author
Previously published
COLLECTED WORKS VOLUME ONE
Correspondence with Jacques Riviere
Umbilical Limbo
Nerve Scales
Art and Death
Unpublished Prose and Poetry
Cup and Ball
Seven Letters
In preparation
COLLECTED WORKS VOLUME FIVE
Heliogabale
Correspondence with Andre Breton
The Death of Satan
and Other
Mystical Writings
by
Antonin Artaud
Translated by
Alastair Hamilton
and
Victor Corti
English Translations
©Calder & Boyars 1974
All Rights Reserved
ISBN 0 7145 0979 5
Typesetting by
Specialised Offset S ervices Limited, Liverpool
Printed in Great Britain by Whitstable Litho
CONTENTS
A being to be defined
but the constitution of the idea of Being
which is negation more than affirmation
when pressed,
an attack on the anthropomorphic idea of Being,
the solution of antinomies, doubts, worries,
problems, by way of this dramatic exposition of
the disappearance of the notion of B eing. Besides,
Satan appears in it.
9
crackles because he is coming apart . A scorching
and derisory image, an empty space on fire.
The desert.
O f course the fire of hell has nothing to do with
his nature, and even if I mention a burning desert I
am not making an allusion to hell.
A curious mental instinct induces me to search
for a principle, to reduce it alchemically; and the
way to reduce it is by fire.
10
presenting problems which are also reflections of
Satan.
I mean, and I explain myself ab undantly in this
book, that everything that stops us �iving is a mere
refraction of Satanic thought, ruined by the
? ) of the human.
11
RESP/RATION WHICH RETURNS TO GOD .. .
Respiration which returns to God,
the upper face of celestial goodness contami
nated by evil,
issued from the base slime, the flight of celestial
cranes returns to the lap of God,
the system of tears which fall between the stars
crosses the veins and the lungs of God.
The vortex lined with an element that has been
contaminated.
16
NOTES ON ORIENT AL,
GREEK AND INDIAN CULTURES
Air = silence, ductility, power over fire,
ubiquity, indispensable food of a supreme matter,
indispensable ingredient, docility, ob edience, force,
pressure of force, it goes everywhere, do minates
everything, it is the ultimate Virtue.
Yan sign,
- - ln sign
Sakurazawa' s book,
from East to West.
The In is male,
the Yan female.
Taikyoku.
Taikyoku
Amida
A = Taikyoku
mt = phenomenal beings
da = law of evolution
I invisible
Hi voiceless
21
ouei immaterial
Divination
Organize life,
NO,
forget that one is living.
Divination = science
- - communication
penetration - 2nd son,
relations between men, things, inviSible forces,
equalization of material and moral do main.
24
Tien-Hoang sky Providence
Ti-Hoang earth Destiny
Gin-Hoang Man Will
I
Teutad-Iswara-Moloch= Supreme Being I
Wodh
Iswara Pracriti
Brahma
Siva Vishnu
Brahma Sarasvati
25
Vishnu Lakshmi
Siva Bhavani
Sattwa intelligence
Rajas soul
Tamas obscurity
<>
Teutad
Moloch
Kronos
Vau Lahut
Nasut
5 conditions !
5 senses LOGOS
5 Elements
27
64 hexagrams of Wen-Wang in YI-KING,
each will be formed by superimposition of
2 of 8 Kaua or Trigrams of FO-HI.
28
0
Sama Veda
Rig Veda Liturgical chants
Hymns in verse to music
Yaj ur Veda
Sacrificial formulae in prose
Brahmana
Samhita Rituals Aranyaka
(text)
Upanishads
Atman Brahman
29
0
Anthropomorphic gods
of the type of Indra
YOU ARE HE
Vritti, tamil.
Soul
Breath
31
Tattvas Akasa sound sound
Vayu touch touch
Tejas light colour
Ap taste taste
Prithivi smell fever
()
Brahma
Shruti authority of tradition
Smriti derived authority
Trimurti
32
Shakti:of Brahma = Sarasvati
Vishnu = Lakshmi
Shiva = Parvati
Prakriti
CIVILIZATION
Binah,
Chochma
and, below, the little mechanistic theory of
those who only believe what they see. I myself
only accept what I can imagine and, in this Cabb ala
of the Vedas, there are fertile areas for my
imagination,
and we are dying of lack of imagination.
34
accounts, so nations should settle their accounts .
The time has come to recall the historic truths
which everyone has forgotten and to return to
truth over the heads of the misleading lessons
learnt at School.
There where the life of the world is based on the
search for the Unity o f things,
the history of nations is the history of the
betrayal of unity.
Prophets, merchants, Kings ( . . . ) .
Cult of Dionysus.
35
He separates the individual from necessity,
he teaches from beyond the grave,
he is the first to show men the path of
deliverance,
no family, no clan, no race, no nobility,
the individual alone reaches the gods through his
enthusiasm, gains from his means of covering
himself with beasts.
CRETE
36
advance of copper and tin= bronze in Crete.
Mallia. Knossos . Phaestos towards 240 0 =
solitary progress.
Small, thin, dark, pointed chin, large lips and
noses.
First Greeks = Achaeans = equivalent of Nordic
peoples,
the elegant woman of Knossos with her rumpled
beauty resembles the Parisian woman,
starting with a round hut, then economy of
space, one on top of the other.
Palace of Minos, large complex covered with
gypsum, stucco, room with pillars with double axes
(labrys),
princely town of Haghia-Triada,
clan or family= social cell,
individualism next to collec tivism,
the woman as a goddess, priestess, hunter,
pugilist, toreador.
Mother Goddess.
Minor and his lords,
then Minos reigns alone and receives divine
investiture every 9 years,
symbol of the lily and the double axe .
Zeus incarnated in a bull.
Ionians, Aeolians, Thracians, Illyrians,
all Indo-Europeans, invade Crete,
Achaeans decide to conquer it 1 400 B .C.,
terrible and swift, they set fire to it .
Cl.an.
Collective property.
Monarchy .
37
Oligarchy of Barons.
Colonization.
Inspired by the Delphs.
Transmission of fire.
Theories.
Idols,
fetishism, rough and cut sto ne,
dove, bull, lion, serpent.
The Mother
Holy Trinity
38
2500 B . C.,
they bow down before the Mother Goddess, her
Virgin and her son
singing, dancing and performing processional
rites,
dances in honour of the illustrious dead or the
Heroes.
At Delphi:
Apollo, Pythians,
disembarkation at Kirrha,
across the sacred plain of Amphissa,
you reach Crissa where the Pleistos flows,
Apollo has succeeded Gaia, Mother Goddess,
and Pythia.
Heraclitus of Ephesus
540-480 B. C.
40
All is bartered for fire, and fire for everthing
else.
Earth = water,
water = air,
air = fire.
41
Concord and Harmony are produced from
contraries.
Hades = Dionysus.
Docetism,
42
evil= matter.
Syzygia.
Hylic,
hyle (matter).
TOLTEC CULTURE
Matter water
earth
gas
ditto radium
ditto ???
Localization: One,
one localizing faculty
of the geographical
classification of things,
means of research (tact shows the coarseness
43
of the thing).
Colour.
The astral body stands out in its individual
colours.
The Buddhi and the Spiritual also have their
colours.
44
0
0
Tezcatlipoca
� Quetzalcoatl Tonatiuh 0
Huichiloboch
0
0
Guilds.
College of artisans.
Collective lordship.
Professional specialization,
no innovations,
frauds sent to the stake,
the artisan works on the ground floor in the
sight of the public,
private trades, hierarchy of large enterprises and
private trades,
privacy confers the official guarantee of
Monopoly,
private corporations integrated by the constitu
tional cadres of the kingdom,
corporation, discipline,
Production eliminates competition, introduces
social peace.
Reform.
46
0
A CIVILIZATION
Arrival in Mexico
flee from Barbary Europe,
last example of European Barbary: Marxism,
if Mexico takes to it.
47
Arrival in Mexico, flee from civilization and
culture Europe which take us all back to Barbary
and I find myself confronted by the corpse of
European civilization and culture,
a revolution against the utilitarian Imperialism
of Europe is necessary and I ask the Mexicans what
they want to do,
analyse the aspect of this barbary,
Europe talks of progress,
and this progress is purely material and
mechanical,
the human race has not been improved.
On the contrary
and here describe the state of affairs to which
industrial civilization has led us.
48
MEXICO AND CIVILIZATION
It may be a baroque idea for a European to go
to Mexico in search of the living foundations of a
culture the mere notion of which seems to have
disintegrated over here; but I admit that I am
obsessed by this idea; in Mexico there is the magic
reality of a culture bound to the soul, lost in flows
of volcanic lava, vibrating in the blood of the
Indians, and it would not take much to revive its
flames. Nor is it purely by chance that I associate
Mexico with fire . Every civilization started from
fire and the idea of fire nourishes and sustains all
aspects of Mexican life. Fire, the image of
civilization, has remained more than an image in
Mexico: it has been actively incorporated in the
Myths by which Mexican civilization proves its
vivacity .
Earth,
water,
sky,
fire,
I am constructing a sort of hierarchy in reverse,
51
I am listing the elements according to a scale of
values opposed to the one given by Heraclitus;
fire,
sky,
water,
earth,
these are the elements according to Heraclitus'
hierarchy.
I am putting this philosophy into action, I am
restoring these four mythical images in which the
whole of Mexico is revealed.
And I am not restoring them as they are to be
found elsewhere. I am certainly not repeating an
elementary form of alchemy. But, just as all
existing matter passes these four points at one time
or another, just as modern physics has redis
covered the energies and the principles which are
clearly expressed in the symbols of ancient
alchemy;
movement corresponds to mercury
energy sulphur
the stable mass salt,
so the activity of the principles, their perpetu
ally renewed power, is illustrated in Mexico.
If there is a ·culture it is always alive and it burns
things up. For there is no culture without a hearth.
Judging from what remains of them Mexican earth
and air seem to have retained the means of keeping
the living hearths of culture alight. And that is why
the ancient Maya-Toltec civilization is still of
interest to us ..
A constant irrigation of the nervous system
52
flows beneath the Mexico of the Spanish
Conquista, making the blood of the old Indian race
boil. It may flow through deep and hidden
channels, but time has not exhausted it.
In a place where material progress, where the
conquests of a superficial perfection in which we
cannot participate either emotionally or physically,
where all stable elements are concentrated on
commodities to the exclusion of all interior
progress, we can say that true culture has ceased to
develop.
As we progress, as we gain such control over
nature that we can reclaim entire deserts, heaven
seems to escape us. And this is not an idle image
with no bearing on reality.
We know nothing about Mexican civilization. It
doubtless offers us a fine chance to dream, to
speculate.
Lawrence had his idea, so why should we not
have ours? Why should we not launch this idea of a
mass culture which throbs in every individual, of a
culture which constitutes a vast and tenacious form
of impregnation? For the danger of myths,
however elevated and tenacious they may be, is
that they fade away.
Besides, the Myths of Mexico, however briefly
we look at them, still revive in each one of us
certain basic ideas, a consuming urge to take flight,
to soar above ourselves.
A civilization in which the only people to
participate in culture and referred to as cultured,
and which has an essentially selective idea of
culture, but which anyone . who knows anything
53
about literature can shake, is a civilization which
has broken with its primitive sources of inspiration.
For it recognizes a duality of culture, a dualism in
reality. A civilization for which the body is on one
side and the mind on the other runs the risk of
soon seeing the bond between them snap.
It is a long time since Europe has produced any
Myths in which we can believe ·collectively. Indeed,
we are all awaiting the birth of a valid collective
Myth, and I think that Mexico, as it revives, will be
able to show us how to reawaken these Myths. For
Mexico, too, is awaiting their rebirth.
But, in contrast to what happened in Europe,
Mexico has not yet had time to see its old Myths
die.
The Spanish Conquista destroyed overnight
Myths whose powers had not yet been fully
developed. It put an end to gods who were still
being nourished in the entrails of the country and
it put an end to them just as they were going to be
transformed. The barbarous and rudimentary
aspect of the gods of the ancient Mexican
Pantheon is that of gods who have not yet had
time to humanize themselves. Now, I like to
believe that the gods of a stricken culture are about
to be reborn. I mean the gods of the Maya-Toltec
culture which had gone to earth and which was
absorbed from one day to the next in the entrails
of Mexico. The same gods, who could always
re-emerge since the new Aztec culture had not
elaborated them sufficiently, are about to be
reborn with a still more rapacious and concen
trated existence. (If you find all this fantastic,
54
absurd, fanciful, imaginary, irrational, do not
forget that I took care to say at the b eginning of
this dream that I was dreaming.)
Well, these gods bound to the earth but adopted
by the water and the sky, these gods which
emanate from the fires of the earth and the water
of the sky, the plumed water of the sky displayed
by the rain, these rainbow-coloured gods of life,
tremors of the water of life curved by the wind of
the sky, who play to the four resounding corners
of the sky, to the four magnetized knots of the
sky, are the ever-living vibration which talks to the
ear of the soul, to the heart of the mind. (I know
that an expert in Indian matters would consider all
this to be verbiage and poetry. But all experts
regard true poetry as verbiage, and that is what
separates every true expert from life.)
These gods·are a means of life, a full attestation
of life. In a civilization which has lost its gods and
which only appreciates its material commodities,
the representations of its gods lose all contact with
reality. But gods tied to reality are never
dispossessed of their power, otherwise life wo uld
perish with them. If gods pass to the state of
effigies it means that their symb olism was
transitory and illusory . Gods who signify what has
been created, who are sp asmodic manifestations of
being and one of the aspects of the spasms of this
being, canno t ever be dispossessed by any force,
human or inhuman.
What I mean is that the gods of Mexico never
really lost their power for they were and are active
natural powers themselves. This is what raises our
55
hopes in Mexican civilization. It is an image of the
world, the revelation of a system of forces. It has
known the balance between the two worlds (as
well as their most intimate, most hidden
relationships).
The macrocosm and the microcosm, their
tenacious reality, was first clearly formulated by
Paracelsus, who is now coming into fashion again.
Now, the civilization of Mexico lives in an
organic nightmare.
This idea tetanizes, a fertile source for every
sort of obsession. Fertile and difficult perhaps, but
at the same time close to every man's sensibility. It
would seem that no Mexican individuality can
escape or that it can ever really awaken from this
organic combustion. I mean that for the Mayan
race, whose blood is starting to speak out once
more, the means of escaping from its dreams or of
re-entering another, inexhaustibly fertile dream,
are like a mythical force whose grip can never be
loosened. - Neither the images of their explosive
poetry which bring all that is most alive in them to
the surface and turn their sensibility inside out like
a glove, nor the hieroglyphs of their armed and
thundering gods have exhausted their energy: the
same blood is still speaking out. But it is in vain
that we search amongst ourselves for some poem
where our blood speaks out, some image, some
statue expressing a live and violent allegory. Our
world has lost its magic. If magic is a constant form
of communication from within to without, from
the act to the thought, from the thing to the word,
from matter to mind, we can say that we lost this
56
blinding inspiration, this nervous illumination long
ago and that we need to bathe once more in live,
untainted springs. It is all very well to distribute
land, it is all very well for wealth to circulate, but
we know that in Mexico, at the very time when the
natives are reacquiring the land of which their
ancestors were dispossessed, there is an active
group of thinkers searching for their gods and that
they may well find them under the earth. I mean
that the new civilization of Mexico may well be
brought into being, once more, by the forces of
darkness.
Before ending I would like to portray Mexican
civilization as it could exist.
It is certain that however powerless we may be,
civilization is searching for itself in Europe.
and if there is no trace do not convert to
European civilization,
but we must help by attempting to discover
their ideal of life over there,
this is all,
but see Massignon's letter.
57
THE NEW
REVELATIONS
OF
BEING
The fire in the water,
the air in the earth,
the water in the air,
and the earth in the sea.
65
Therefore I will say what I saw and what exists.
And to say it, since the Astrologers can no
longer read, I will base myself on the Tarots.
HOROSCOPE
OF SATURDAY 19 JUNE 1937
HEAVEN
TERNARY
QUATERNARY
70
USED A POWER THAT WOMAN HAD
NEG LE CTED .
THEY HAVE FOR CED NATURE TO D REAM
OF PROCE S SE S O F WHICH WOMAN C AN NO
LONGER D REAM .
THEY HAVE FORCED NATURE TO BECOME
WOMAN'S proxy IN ORDER TO AC HIEVE AN
OPERATION PREP ARED BY THE MALE .
EARTH
71
TERNARY
This means:
QUATERNARY
72
WHICH ONLY THE MIND C AN PRO FIT BY .
What does this mean?
It means sexuality will be put in its place. In the
place it ought never to have gone beyond. That the
sexes will be separated for some time . That human
love will become impossible. And that this work is
already begun.
It means that an Initiation will begin in the
darkness.
It means that at the basis of the present Destiny
there was treachery on the part of woman . Not
woman against some individual man, but woman
against all men.
And it means Woman will return to Man.
What does this mean?
It means that the world will be levelled by
Right. And that the Left will fall once more under
the Supremacy of the Right. Not here, or
elsewhere but EVERYWHERE .
Because a World-Cycle has closed that was under
the supremacy of Woman: the Le ft, the Republic
and Democracy.
73
It means this higher Initiation will b e the
produce of Death and everything to do with
sexuality will be burnt in this higher Initiation, its
fire transformed by Initiation.
In order to re-establish the absolute Supremacy
of Man.
74
badly we have lived and how badly we have kept
the virile principle within us,
leaves us, but in order to fall on us.
And the Virgin that it will concoct is the Natural
Revolt of things we ill-managed.
And the Revolution we did not know how to
make will be made by the world against us.
For Revolution, too, remembers she is a woman.
And before restoring Kings everywhere, Kings
that will then be the slaves of all and will thereby
know how to keep the world enslaved all the more
harshly -
This Revolution will teach us again, by her
impossible possession,
which will make everyone of us possessed and
insane,
HOW LIF E IS WITHD RAWIN G FROM US .
HELL
TERNARY
75
What does this mean?
QUATERNARY
76
BECAUSE, ON THE THIRD OF JUNE 1937,
THE FIVE SERPENTS APPEARED, WHO WERE
ALREADY IN THE SWORD WHOSE STRENGTH
OF DECISION IS REPRESENTED BY A STICK!
77
This Staff, I have been told, was mine in other
centuries. -
Why?
78
Because 5 is the number of Man, not of men,
but of Abstract Man, and I have concluded that the
destruction would be accomplished by man and
within man and that it would take five months to
occur.
For if I add 3 of the 3rd of June to the number
of the 6th month of the year I get 9, the Infernal
Destruction which began on that day .
If I add 5, the number of Ab stract Man, to 6 of
the 6th month of the year, I obtain 1 1 , which
brings me back to November, and November is
under the sign of number 9 according to the old
calendar.
But November is the eleventh month of the
year. And if, by Cabalistically reducing the
numbers, I separate the two ones of 1 1 and add
them together, I obtain 2, which according to the
Caballa is the number of Separation-Destruction .
Moreover the figures in 1 9 3 7, added together
according to the same system of Cabbalistic
reduction also give 2 .
A n d the 5, o f the Serpents and of Ab stract Man,
added to the 6th month of the year also gives 1 1 ,
bringing us back to November, and 1 1 o f
November reduces to 2 .
Thus o n all sides the Destruction everywhere
sought has been unconsciously desired by everyone
and I claim that it is secretly willed by everyone as
the only means of saving us from a world where
life can no longer function.
And this Destruction has begun everywhere.
Furthermore, the 5 Serpents proceeded from
Right to Left. I concluded, as naively as necessary,
79
that the Right threatened the Left, and that in 5
Months, it would kill the Left .
N o w t h e 5 o f t h e Serpents, + 6 = 1 1.
1 1 is November.
Which gives 2. And 6 of the mo nth and 3 of the
day give 9.
"
And 9 is November, according t o the old
calendar.
And 3 of the day + 6 of the Month + 2 of the
Year also give 2, the Destruction, the Separation .
If I cover 3 with 5 , I get 8, the Portals of the
Infinite on earth ;
which cast upon 2 o'f Novemb er yields 1, the
Absolute Realization,
which means return to the Ab solute.
which means Disappearance in the Ab solute,
which means Annihilation in the Absolute and
for the Absolute.
And if I add the 1 of the Absolute of November
to the 2 of the Year of Disappearance-Destruction,
I get 1 2 . Maturity in all forms,
which means on that day the Absolute matured
in the forms and found all its forms.
A nd it means all forms will return t o the
Absolute.
F or putrefaction ripens the absolute today and
it is just that the year of putrefaction should have
acted over the Months on that day. Like 12
months around 1 single Month .
Other years, other months, other days have
already played with numbers.
But we do not enumerate them every day.
5 Elements
80
instead of 4 Elements.
81
This is what the Tarots of 1 5 June 1937 revealed
concerning the T ortured Man.
AIR
TERNARY
QUATERNARY
85
EART H
TERNARY
QUATERNARY
86
HELL
TERNAR Y
QUATERNAR Y
87
CONCLUSION
89
make All of Us Madmen and Recluses,
will be burnt up by the EARTH.
3 - 6 - 1 9 37 = 1 1 = 2
1 5 - 6 - 1 9 37 = = 5
1 9 - 6 - 1 9 37 = = 9
25 - 7 - 1 937 = 7
7 - 9 - 1 937 = 9
3 - 1 1 - 1 9 37 = 11 = 2
7 - 1 1 - 1 937 = 2
90
O n the 3rd of November, Destruction is
illuminated.
THE REVEALED .
91
SIGNA TUR E is a new s eries of shorter works , distinguished by
the highly personal and imaginative approach of the author to his
s ubject. It comprises works of poetry and prose, fiction and non
fiction, and includes English, American and translated texts .
Signa ture 1
DARKER END S by Robert Nye poems
Signa ture 2
OL T by Kenneth Gangemi novel
Signa ture 3
T H E CARNAL MYTH by Edward D ahlberg essay
Signa ture 4
THE THEATRE AND I T S DOUBLE by Antonin Artaud essays
Signature S
SHARD S by Nicholas Rawson prose poem
Signature 6
ENEM I E S by Reinhard Lettau prose sketches
Signature 7
REFLECT I O N S by Mark Insingel novel
Signature 8
A B LACK MAN I F E S T O IN JAZZ POETRY AND PROSE
by Ted Joans
Signa ture 9
L E S S N E S S by Samuel Beckett prose
Signature 1 0
S T O R I E S F O R C H I L D REN b y Peter Bichsel short stories
Signa ture 1 1
I MAGES O F AFRICA b y Aidan Higgins diaries
Signature 12
PRI S ON POEMS by Yuli Daniel poems
Signature 1 3
P O L I T I C S A N D L I TERATURE by Jean-Paul Sartre
essays and interviews
Signature 1 4
HA S H I SH, W I N E A N D O P I U M by Theophile Gautier and
Charles Baudelaire essays
Signa ture 1 5
MAN AT L E I S URE b y Alexander Trocchi poems
Signature 1 6
A SEN S E O F MEASURE b y Robert Creeley essays
Signature 1 7
SM UT An Anatomy of Dirt by Christian Enzens berger essay
Signa ture 1 8
KAL E I D O S COPE b y Lyman Andrews poems
Signature 1 9
T H E DEATH O F SATAN & OTHER M Y S T I CAL WR I T I N G S
by Antonin Artaud essays
Signature 20
S I GNATURE ANTHOLOGY prose
Previously unpublished work by Samuel Beckett, Elspeth Davie,
Eva Figes, Kenneth Gangemi, Aidan Higgins, Eugene Ionesco,
Jan Quackenbush, Nathalie Sarraute
Signature 21
TEXT S FOR NOTHING by Samuel Beckett prose