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Gen Physics

physics reviewer

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kurtargollosos
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17 views4 pages

Gen Physics

physics reviewer

Uploaded by

kurtargollosos
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

1 Units of Measurements usually written in italics and may


vary in different references.
Measurements
In the past, Egyptians and Symbols for the units are always
Babylonians use their body parts to written in an upright (roman) font
estimate the length of an object. and are mandatory.

This can result to varying outcomes Different definitions of base units


and may even be the source of used in the past posed several
disputes. limitations:

It is a process of assigning a quantity Artefacts may be lost or damaged.


to describe a property of an object
Some definitions are highly abstract
by comparing it with a standard.
and idealized.
A standard should be universal and
Today, base units are defined using
does not change with time.
the defining constants.
International System or SI
Seven SI base Units
It is the standard system of
Second (s) - the time required for 9
measurement for the fundamental
192 631 770 cycles of microwave
quantities abbreviated from
radiation in cesium-133 atoms.
Système International.
Meter (m) - the distance traveled by
It is established in 1960.
light in a vacuum in 1/299 792 458
It is also called as the “metric second
system”.
Kilogram (kg) - Shown on the right is
SI Base Units and their Symbols a replica of the
International
Prototype Kilogram
(IPK) used since the

Remember!
Typical symbols of quantities are
19th century. Kilogram was Prefixes are added to the base units
redefined in May 2019. to make the value of the unit
smaller or larger.
redefined by taking the fixed
numerical value of the Planck Prefixes for powers of ten used
constant h to be 6.626 070 15 ✕ with the SI units
10−34 when expressed in the unit J s,
which is equal to kg m2 s−1.

Ampere (A) - defined by taking the


fixed numerical value of the
elementary charge e to be 1.602
176 634 ✕ 10−19 when expressed in
the unit C, equivalent to the product
of current (A) and time (s).

Kelvin (K) - defined by taking the


fixed numerical value Boltzmann
constant k to be 1.380 649 ✕ 10−23
when expressed in the unit J K −1,
equivalent to kg m2 s-2 K-1.

Mole (mol) - one mole contains


exactly 6.022 140 76 ✕ 1023
elementary entities, which is the
fixed value of the Avogadro
constant, NA when expressed in the
unit mol−1.

Candela (cd) - defined by taking the


fixed numerical value of the Derived Quantities
luminous efficacy of monochromatic
radiation with frequency of 540 ✕ These are based on the seven
1012 Hz, Kcd, to be 683 when fundamental quantities and are
expressed in the unit lm W-1, equal expressed from the product of two
to cd sr W-1 or cd sr kg-1 m-2 s3. or more base units.

Prefixes Used with SI Units


The Imperial and U.S. customary
units may be occasionally
mentioned but use the SI units as
much as you can.

Conversion of Units

An equation or expression should


Other Systems for Measurement always be consistent with the units
to correctly solve it.
The British Imperial system or
imperial units are used limitedly in Units can be treated as algebraic
some countries quantities that can cancel each
other.
It was established from the Weights
and Measures Act of 1824 and was Examples:
continuously reformed. Suppose you want to convert 5.0
inches to centimeter given that 1
While the British continue to refine
inch is equivalent to 2.54
their measurement, the Americans
centimeters.
adopted the units from the act of
1824 and called it the U.S. It can be converted as follows:

The unit “inch” is placed in the


denominator so that it cancels the
unit from the original value.

customary units.

Remember

Most of the quantities in examples


Suppose you want to convert 55
and problems require the use of SI
meters to kilometers.
units.
From the table of prefixes, 1
kilometer is equal to 103 meters.
The conversion is as follows:

The values in the numerator and the


denominator of the conversion
factor can be interchanged to get
the desired unit.
The unit “kilometer” is placed in the
denominator to cancel the original
unit.
The desired unit “meters” remains.

Tips!

Always write the values with the


correct units when solving
problems.

Carry the units throughout the


calculations.

Any inconsistency in the units might


mean an error in the process and
requires double checking in the
calculations.

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