Electrical Circuit Theory and Technology

John Bird by kenedy g mwalukasa

Further problems on transformers

Principle of operation
1. A transformer has 600 primary turns connected to a 1.5 kV supply.
Determine the number of secondary turns for a 240 V output voltage, assuming
no losses. [96]

2. An ideal transformer with a turns ratio of 2:9 is fed from a 220 V supply.
Determine its output voltage. [990 V]

3. A transformer has 800 primary turns and 2000 secondary turns. If the
primary voltage is 160 V, determine the secondary voltage assuming an ideal
transformer. [400 V]

4. An ideal transformer has a turns ratio of 12:1 and is supplied at 192 V.

Calculate the secondary voltage. [16 V]
Electrical Circuit Theory and Technology
John Bird by kenedy g mwalukasa

5. An ideal transformer has a turns ratio of 12:1 and is supplied at 180 V when
the primary current is 4 A. Calculate the secondary voltage and current. [15 V,
48 A]

6 .A step-down transformer having a turns ratio of 20:1 has a primary voltage of

4 kV and a load of 10 kW. Neglecting losses, calculate the value of the
secondary current. [50 A]
7. A transformer has a primary to secondary turns ratio of 1:15. Calculate the
primary voltage necessary to supply a 240 V loads. If the load current is 3 A
determine the primary current. Neglect any losses.
[16 V, 45 A]

8. A 10 kVA, single-phase transformer has a turns ratio of 12:1 and is supplied

from a 2.4 kV supply. Neglecting losses, determine
(a) the full load secondary current.(b) the minimum value of load resistance
which can be connected across the secondary winding without the kVA rating
being exceeded and (c) the primary current. [(a) 50 A (b) 4 (c) 4.17 A]
Electrical Circuit Theory and Technology
John Bird by kenedy g mwalukasa

9 A 20 resistance is connected across the secondary winding of a single-phase

power transformer whose secondary voltage is 150 V. Calculate the primary
voltage and the turns ratio if the supply current is 5 A, neglecting losses. [225
V, 3:2]

No-load phasor diagram

10 (a) Draw the phasor diagram for an ideal transformer on no-load.
(b) A 500 V/100 V, single-phase transformer takes a full load primary current of
4 A. Neglecting losses, determine (a) the full load secondary current, and (b) the
rating of the transformer. [(a) 20 A (b) 2 kVA]
11 .A 3300 V/440 V, single-phase transformer takes a no-load current of 0.8 A
and the iron loss is 500 W. Draw the no-load phasor diagram and determine the
values of the magnetizing and core loss components of the no-load current.
[0.786 A, 0.152 A]

12. A transformer takes a current of 1A when its primary is connected to a 300

V, 50 Hz supply, the secondary being on open-circuit. If the power absorbed is
Electrical Circuit Theory and Technology
John Bird by kenedy g mwalukasa

120 watts, calculate (a) the iron loss current,(b) the power factor on no-load,
and (c) the magnetizing current. [(a) 0.4 A (b) 0.4 (c) 0.92 A]

E.m.f equation
13. A 60 kVA, 1600 V/100 V, 50 Hz, single-phase transformer has 50 secondary
windings. Calculate (a) the primary and secondary current, (b) the number of
primary turns, and (c) the maximum value of the flux. [(a) 37.5 A, 600 A (b)
800 (c) 9.0 mWb]
14. A single-phase, 50 Hz transformer has 40 primary turns and 520 secondary
turns. The cross-sectional area of the core is 270 cm2. When the primary
winding is connected to a 300 volt supply, determine (a) the maximum value of
flux density in the core, and (b) the voltage induced in the secondary winding.
[(a) 1.25 T (b) 3.90 kV]
15. A single-phase 800 V/100 V, 50 Hz transformer has a maximum core flux
density of 1.294 T and an effective cross-sectional area of 60 cm 2. Calculate the
number of turns on the primary and secondary windings. [464, 8]
Electrical Circuit Theory and Technology
John Bird by kenedy g mwalukasa

16. A 3.3 kV/110 V, 50 Hz, single-phase transformer is to have an approximate

e.m.f. per turn of 22 V and operate with a maximum flux of 1.25 T. Calculate (a)
the number of primary and secondary turns, and (b) the cross-sectional area of
the core. [(a) 150, 5 (b) 792.8 cm2]

Transformer on-load
17. A single-phase transformer has 2400 turns on the primary and 600 turns on
the secondary. Its no-load current is 4 A at a power factor of 0.25 lagging.
Assuming the volt drop in the windings is negligible, calculate the primary
current and power factor when the secondary current is 80 A at a power factor
of 0.8 lagging. [23.26 A, 0.73]

Equivalent circuit of a transformer

Electrical Circuit Theory and Technology
John Bird by kenedy g mwalukasa

18.A transformer has 1200 primary turns and 200 secondary turns. The primary
and secondary resistances are 0.2 and 0.02 respectively and the
corresponding leakage reactances are 1.2 and 0.05 respectively. Calculate
(a) the equivalent resistance, reactance and impedance referred to the primary
winding, and
(b) the phase angle of the impedance. [(a) 0.92 , 3.0, 3.14 (b) 72.95°]

Regulation
19. A 6 kVA, 100 V/500 V, single-phase transformer has a secondary terminal
voltage of 487.5 volts when loaded. Determine the regulation of the
transformer. [2.5%]
20. A transformer has an open circuit voltage of 110 volts. A tap changing
device operates when the regulation falls below 3%. Calculate the load voltage
at which the tap-changer operates. [106.7 volts]
Electrical Circuit Theory and Technology
John Bird by kenedy g mwalukasa

Losses and efficiency

21. A single-phase transformer has a voltage ratio of 6:1 and the h.v. winding is
supplied at 540 V. The secondary winding provides a full load current of 30 A at
a power factor of 0.8 lagging. Neglecting losses, find (a) the rating of the
transformer, (b) the power supplied to the load, (c) the primary current. [(a)
2.7 kVA, (b) 2.16 kW, (c) 5 A]
22 .A single-phase transformer is rated at 40 kVA. The transformer has full-load
copper losses of 800 W and iron losses of 500 W. Determine the transformer
efficiency at full load and 0.8 power factor. [96.10%]
23. Determine the efficiency of the transformer in problem 22 at half full-load
and 0.8 power factor. [95.81%]
24. A 100 kVA, 2000 V/400 V, 50 Hz, single-phase transformer has an iron loss
of 600 W and a full-load copper loss of 1600 W. Calculate its efficiency for a load
of 60 kW at 0.8 power factor. [97.56%]
25. (a) What are eddy currents? State how their effect is reduced in
transformers. (b) Determine the efficiency of a 15 kVA transformer for the
following conditions:
Electrical Circuit Theory and Technology
John Bird by kenedy g mwalukasa

(i) full-load, unity power factor (ii) 0.8 full-load, unity power factor (iii) half full-
load, 0.8 power factor. Assume that iron losses are 200 W and the full-load
copper loss is 300 W. [(a) 96.77% (ii) 96.84% (iii) 95.62%]
26. A 250 kVA transformer has a full load copper loss of 3 kW and an iron loss of
2 kW. Calculate (a) the output kVA at which the efficiency of the transformer is
a maximum, and (b) the maximum efficiency, assuming the power factor of the
load is 0.80. [(a) 204.1 kVA (b) 97.61%]

Resistance matching
27. A transformer having a turns ratio of 8:1 supplies a load of resistance 50 .
Determine the equivalent input resistance of the transformer. [3.2 k]
28. What ratio of transformer is required to make a load of resistance 30
appear to have a resistance of 270 ? [3:1]
29. A single-phase, 240 V/2880 V ideal transformer is supplied from a 240 V
source through a cable of resistance 3 . If the load across the secondary
Electrical Circuit Theory and Technology
John Bird by kenedy g mwalukasa

winding is 720 determine (a) the primary current flowing and (b) the power
dissipated in the load resistance. [(a) 30 A (b) 4.5 kW]
30. A load of resistance 768 is to be matched to an amplifier which has an
effective output resistance of 12 . Determine the turns ratio of the coupling
transformer. [1:8]

31 An a.c. source of 20 V and internal resistance 20 k is matched to a load by a

16:1 single-phase transformer. Determine (a) the value of the load resistance
and (b) the power dissipated in the load. [(a) 78.13 (b) 5 mW]

Auto-transformer
32 .A single-phase auto transformer has a voltage ratio of 480 V:300 V and
supplies a load of 30 kVA at 300 V. Assuming an ideal transformer, calculate the
current in each section of the winding. [I1 D 62.5 A, I2 D 100 A,
I2 I1D 37.5 A]
Electrical Circuit Theory and Technology
John Bird by kenedy g mwalukasa

33. Calculate the saving in the volume of copper used in an auto transformer
compared with a double-wound transformer for (a) a 300 V:240 V transformer,
and (b) a 400 V:100 V transformer. [(a) 80% (b) 25%]

Three-phase transformer
34. A three-phase transformer has 600 primary turns and 150 secondary turns.
If the supply voltage is 1.5 kV determine the secondary line voltage on no-load
when the windings are connected (a) delta-star, (b) star-delta. [(a) 649.5 V (b)
216.5 V]

Current transformer
35 A current transformer has two turns on the primary winding and a secondary
winding of 260 turns. The secondary winding is connected to an ammeter with a
resistance of 0.2 . The resistance of the secondary winding is 0.3 . If the current
in the primary winding is 650 A, determine (a) the reading on the ammeter, (b)
the potential difference across the ammeter, and (c) the total load in VA on the
secondary.
Electrical Circuit Theory and Technology
John Bird by kenedy g mwalukasa

Assignment

The marks for each question are shown in brackets at the

end of each question.
1. Three identical coils each of resistance 40 and inductive reactance 30 are
connected (i) in star, and (ii) in delta to a 400 V, three-phase supply. Calculate
for each connection (a) the line and phase voltages, (b) the phase and line
currents, and (c) the total power dissipated. (12)
2 .Two wattmeters are connected to measure the input power to a balanced
three-phase load by the two-wattmeter method. If the instrument readings are
10 kW and 6 kW, determine (a) the total power input, and (b) the load power
factor. (5)
3. An ideal transformer connected to a 250 V mains, supplies a 25 V, 200 W
lamp. Calculate the transformer turns ratio and the current taken from the
supply. (5)
Electrical Circuit Theory and Technology
John Bird by kenedy g mwalukasa

4 .A 200 kVA, 8000 V/320 V, 50 Hz single phase transformer has 120 secondary
turns. Determine (a) the primary and secondary currents, (b) the number of
primary turns, and (c) the maximum value of flux. (9)
5. Determine the percentage regulation of an 8 kVA, 100 V/200 V, single phase
transformer when it’s secondary terminal voltage is 194 V when loaded. (3)
6. A 500 kVA rated transformer has a full-load copper loss of 4 kW and an iron
loss of 3 kW. Determine the transformer efficiency (a) at full load and 0.80
power factor, and (b) at half full load and 0.80 power factor. (10)
7. Determine the optimum value of load resistance for maximum power transfer
if the load is connected to an amplifier of output resistance 288 through a
transformer with a turns ratio 6:1. (3)
8. A single-phase auto transformer has a voltage ratio of 250 V:200 V and
supplies a load of 15 kVA at 200 V. Assuming an ideal transformer, determine
the current in each section of the winding. (3)