ia Nee I | t EXERCISE 7 Choose the correct answer (Ifthe volume occupied by oxygen gas (Os) at STP is 44.8dm?, the O molecules of Os in the vessels are: (a) 3.01 « 10 (b) 6.02 « 10 a (©) 12.04 x 108 (6) 24.08 « 108 aX Gii)__‘The number of carbon atoms in 1 mole of sugar (Ci2H201) imately: (a) 6 « 10" () 24 = 10% (b) () 60 = 10 (@)72* 10” (ii) Inthe reaction 2Na + 2H:0 > 2NaOH * Hi, if 3g 0f| -with excess of water, the volume of hydrogen gas (Hs) liberated at STP, (a) LL.2dm* —(b) 22.4dm? (4) 44.8dm" (iv) Which of the following sample of : the same number of atoms as @ 16gS (by 20g (©) Which of the following (d) 24g Mg, (d) One moles of O at (i) For Avogadro's is statement is incorrect: (a) Itis the no, in one moles of any substances (b) Its nu is 6.02 » 10° (ots increases, @t iff number of moles increases (ii) jnithum number of moles are present in: (@) I dint of methane gas at STP) (b) $ dm’ of hetium gas at STP 10 dm? of hydrogen gaat STP (d) 22.4 dm’ of chlorine gas at STP pir eee 3.01 « 108 (b) 3.01 « 10 . > (6) 6.02 » 10" (6) 6.02 * 10" Nt ets present fo bececomete cl 5 5 (©) 100g COr (4) 100g Cy &) Generally actual yield is: (2) Greater than theoretical yield (b) Less than theoretical yield () Equal to the theoretical yield (d) Some times greater and some times less than theoretical yieldchapter -1 @® Du Define - Storchiamelry Discuss. he Varisrs.. 1 Stecché ie CaleLalions.on the. basis g 7 elation Ships? Ans: Stet chieme dlefined_ as: [de foe hg Leheass Raammnt a el a Chemie. cal deoclinn wong daa csc ate = On $e fal telalion tinh — - See, ate Three ZL Bteichio metric caleulalions: D “Cleulalion hastd on mass- mars Aelalon Ship” . on Bp elalion Ship, we Cau Ci Llat The wuknewn laut ot. Pbodud from he given _ mass og any ore 2 5 ua chanical A0eackion qising ¢ a -balanckel chemi cal egialion. Such term is Called as mass. bn ass Lelalion Ship Tot examples FColeudale a mais ont yey ree ©,) that tale obtained by Complete heim ‘ecompention 07 Se Kelo.? “Gelatlan aa pte « 7. Aid FO, the balanced Ehonealegralon kele | “ss 5 as follours __: jg heat,” ake + 39 a em. 2122-5). 2(745) + 9% 5 2459 9 BG cio 2459 LA i ced chemital equalien, 2 fac ga Heel Mla ten 989 ay fae See 1549 1 ~ e Caleudahon basedon_mass- votiame Aelalton big Sn Alalon Ship is based on Avog advo’ leu. cca Blan, One ym as ak SFP creupics. Lb Ay meg 22.4alm- Shas i ie Ms? Ad, elakeen tip, we = ray: 7 Calculate the uaknown volume cackaut of Phoduk from jives mal 9 any any one These ree Aedetion thin gt balanced Chemical cguation. Such term is Known as crs) Voter, delalien hip. he example; Caleutate The volume ws Aadlacet at STP by de ae Gm bustion g beg 4 mehare A, )2 ? : Toms "lt ay : The balanced chemical tyualion cH asf CH tion iy "Ca. + dh’ fog bub. - 49 ponent Acces ding ts balanced € 2 es ———__ — ‘69 q- CH, Product = 449-9 Co yop es sas arte = ileg 568, As we know (hat: . 449 G %, a Imote wy ‘Ileg yy = IXilo = 2.5 motes. Se 44 ~~ fevteg bj Avogadros law, Ab amote 4- gas ETP capio. the Yelume a2: - = 2242s __2Smets 1 ° “5b dm Avs: . lation based on Votume-vatume Aelalien Ship In. this ‘f A ‘on Ship, We Can ymiine the un Knawn volicshe Aeattaut ot Product from givervd anyone g These ine chewical Acackion using the b alaw 3 bhenical b egualion » Such term is Called as, Vemne vel _Adlalien dh. Fed exans pls _ » Cilukate the vetume gal STP fad Cu be Pd, by the Complete bunniah ee HES ga is ia eats| Sedation fixee 4 : . ® : «do Caléslate the velumeg r She balanced didnt ab g MS ssa follows. Fo aie +30. aso + 2He } ade? . coos te balenced chemical egal \ Qdmoy HS atSTPProduce = oan at Bedne ye a et oe Se =. So 2 iene a o. shat. is 4% 5 meant. ky ana ac Araya He Amber? How Ars. | My inter Adlated te each othr? _ il LAs I Mobe is defined as; : «the _alomie mass, meteular ays § ct fetmula wat A { | Pure Aubstaisee Udhew eX) xpccrsed an iscalled anes ‘ubitrues, . [sid 2 Constant num bev j D ractids | ine 6.02XI0> _ Fete example; ee _ [+ Ateomié mass oduiam (Na) ts a39 = Tanai ves a ooleeuler ad water is 189 = 1m Mgr [5 ei mats. stad sitg= imal yee L ogadyos Nu 2 (Na) us defined as} oo z ie huge: Huge numbty & Pacis alam, ona “metcule, “Phehude in one mete! 4 Aubsauce is Calledl a4, Avegadres lasik , As Aegean Halen Acewtist Who: Cal = cng Longe num ber sae Ians_ot molecules. Parsi ia “nn teed Aubbtance numerical value is found tb ~ berxle > Shik value is Aeps a by Na aud is Catled.as Avo packyos Number + Fat-ex am) | a ee) Mg aye ae Rentheatens: = 4yg = boxe, vy reteailes 4 0, lm Lonete Nath =. 58S f a6. axle Ma iens + G-0nx [>> CL ionsInter telation Ship béliveen mote aul Avogactres Num ber One mok any Aubstance abn ays Contains 6.02.72 Particles. Thus, ohe mote q Carbon ard one moh magne, Contain Same number of atoms but one mote: mag nck Kas a mas Ligice G49) as Kato one mote Carbon (12 ) le ebing he term fat ing cy eunols, wl Considers the number Tet mal emiite a hee ound. Fot exam fe One nb. Mg hina hots which Contains Genet! Mgel units. Goon, a 1 unit There is one mg Yon! auc tary cb ions. Shis Shows that one mele dy cl el Conta 6.02.x10 log “ions S 12-04 x10 cL tons: Mgel Ly ing» nek” B: what is meaut by Avo gadvos Numbey? Explaie Conceft 4 mete uhh the help Ave gadyes Aamber? Arsi- “Avo adlved ne bbe The huge number 4 Parheles (atoms, ions ot molecules which PABeut in one méte 2 Aebsfauce The numericad value ib determined te be 6.04% 12 particles. Sis value is rep by Na, Keuce ct is called \as Avog acres Num ber. __ Fot examples - mete 1Na=239 = 6. e2xIe cling . ate 0, = 329: = G.02xI9 meleciles nee ee 6 10 » lnep = 6-00x1> * motes be He: La ani g Wael = 585g + § ce itd ime ‘Loncey 4 mote wth AvogadvesNum bey? (TAter! Conversion oy mete aud num ber oy Particles) If we need to Convert motes iuts numbers o Particles os| Vieeversa Avogadyes Numb is used as Converting factos.. _ his, Cau be Amheruted in The Fth oi way Nes. = Given oe: 4 Particles orn _Avoga Yos No: “Also we Can calla he ne: Pasticles .eZ t No 4 Particles No: 9 motes x Na @ Defi ine oes cling 14 data. Give Varios tules 4 Acuncling Te cata > nh: (Pinelcg 4 cate” ts olefined as; The Process: tol Ve duce a number up ta desired Signipica “gle } pyre just the Last Acpotted oi ae sere wd oe thaw 5 thew drop it by acelin ea ihe ncn Tt i . For example; eee 7 + 3-768 Acunel Us 77 . i WW HG 6-8 4% dl, tts Less thaw 5 then imply crop it ath Lin ty. Aecond Last digit. Fot crample Me 5B acy b 6.82 + G32 ound te 6.8. @ x Lat cgi» is 5 thew @4 the Second Last digit is even (i-e 2,46,3) then imp ly 5. Fot exam ple: 6 4865 Asundl to 4. th The Aecond Last di igit 6 adel Cine |,3,5,7) Thus adel e Aecond Last digit. Ge mah ol _ Fotexamphe; 4.335 is Aouucled oy te 4-84. ~Q: Sor Espen eld Ans: Xponeatiad Notalion It is a Aim mple see T ex pétessin very dahge ot Veby Amal nurmbes cute Aingte nambe » as the Pigtails Se base lo: Fot examp h ey . ey electron isavveroervereeen nen osbordom Ul-9., te i all num ber the vals 4 ns wv Go2mewnareeresrcovba, it os very cay Large numb.@ Bok hese numbers Can be writer exranponcatial notation 0 9X log aud « 6.orxte” Exponential netalion Can be grccrally Aeperruited a, — _NxXJo7 . . «where nis *Co- efficiat 5 it israrnuinber belies | te audn’ is He Power (exponent) S bs aw iutegued _-. % base le- : | 7 The numbur is greater Thaw. one Hew the expendlt __ Dis Positive whele 44 the number is Liser ‘than one = _ The exponent _is ne athe : ___ Inter Gnversion 1 Stindard notalion 5 Exponestial ne __ Conyiden_the fa coding Taw ules” _* Relen A Stanclard ~~ Expeoniud : | Wetation Notas + Ihe decimal point moves teniareh| 6 rcveroe box le / Lptis the value. is-gteate Thaw lo 3 «The decimal point moves teward, 0. 000004S | 45x10 __ he Aig tty is value ts Lesser __ fan lo - = —* _ Rube = 2 — Expaneatiad _ | Sfaurclareltaf | She decimal. Poick move amare, 40X10 | Yoververs the Aoht fot e rium bers - wha aft fe bays F «the cleci mal poiut moves te | Y.Sx lo o- wood, _ watde the Left fot dona ae . numbers wih ane ative expect 5tDefine-theosetical. yell, actual yeld airel-Percusk-. jelel. why the Practical yield is oftus lesser thin the theoretical yiekel? ache r ws; Shectetical yield: Adefined as; 1 |. The. maxima aanyensils 9 Paockuct. expected to.beobtisinnd, yma balanced Chunical esata, Caleulakids by wowing hs Imiting Arado: . . hs. | Aetualyickd;’ is ctefimed; : L She actual, aninaik Phaceact which is chtainedl after be experiment oP, oe 1 Perceut yields” is defineel as; = She Aalio between Prackcal yield (actival yitlel) asl feotelical yield - os ine Percentage yield = Retualyeld poche Pacatege yl = oT Lytle | the efficiency q chuuicad Process is. judged by Percurte Ee Mt - ‘ aeegees yd | > Carbon dionide.Cau he fetmed from the action.9. excess hydtto chleric avid on Caleium Carbenale (Caco,) as L = + 2ud___, Cael, + Ho + ©, Here, Caco, is ths Limiting teac tout | Froms trnofe.Ci-e. leeg lacs ye g-€o- is cbtaived from talulallen as Caco Co, iinele sie “(lee9) cig) | Sheote tically the esti mated ama 9 Co, chtainecl Should be ung, therefate the Sheotehieal yield 4 Co, 1344-9: | Maactual practice, duris experirheutation Using fog. 4 Caco,, Khe amount 4.Co, parclucecl walt be less Than 4¥-9e! | clue te vations Causes the amewil 9.Co, chtained arty he experiomut 1s 24-4. Kore fete, the pAactical yield 4Co, ib 199 : a® = Mew, from he talio helices Ptatlical auct Thectelical org t Letermne The Perceut jel t ~ —__Petceutage yield = Ai x leo = 65-97, ~~ Thus Perceute, s yiell 9 Co is 65-9 Macheakyiéled Gs ders Thaw "Bectelicad : Ina ‘chemical Leackon, rn g than theotelecal yield. Ht is due b: . « Some antheut A0cactat docs not teat _ The Aeae taut, may fotm Side Prodachs f < : he CWerpence The Aworhle Acac tion. + Mie ony Late tania emanating Mined che th Srocesies like filtbatien, clishilh on, Chysfallisalion et Q: what &s limiting Acataut? How does Cont, ~The amen Ped fot med ius a hemical Leaction _. Ans; “Lmitin Acadaut” us adcfined as; Ina Chemical Beas tion The A5cactaut which is — eutipely Consumed Rist aud he Aeaction Aig | (OR) She Adadiut tobieh ‘gives the Least amount (i-¢ The Le ———rurr berg motes) Ppoctuct — bxcessteactaut ? is defined as; ____ She Atacdaud Uhich is rf Consumed Completely chewical Aeaction ‘Exp laualion? . Actually, chuuical Leaction deprads upon the Pa 5 4 beth tlie 4 «gtk ‘ tf. teathaall cufdael, Consu a seal Reaction by Prockatin 3, an Ppa ‘The Acaction will 5 bt i ie further. Produ LC uidlihe fotmed clue te the unay. at ne atitely Consume ginal iat dine 9 the ‘fact fat LL it tomate Lge. fs 3 a _. fet exam mple; Condy he femalion Water (Hy). from ty de| @ ps (XH) aud oxygen 9.05-CO,) tua the ftlewing balanceet epuoion 2H+ os 2Ho. pot fam tml Lameks ¢ | Kychea ges » peak wih mete epoxygen water J; ae: ameter 9 each fet A chewsical eachen- 1 15 a pante hate ty obve ws_entiteely_ tents" ase Ke Aeaclion will bff, lhengh oxy ge 16 Put. | hus, Aycre gies is Consideheal as. Limit 7 chat fe the differut Steps fee cetaming | Lordy \ a \: DS _—teateal? at 2 ceterminia: Lomi tin Acactaut ed Chemical arene, The rum ber 5. oetes 5 “teactaut from The ven amment Tihilat. te number 4 mols g Piactuct casing a balanced ehernical opuation: 5 ae teleukify Be A0eactant That gives the Least mur be G-- __ mete of 4 Pa(Self - Assess meet Qautions) @ QQ: Ga kite Us one @ he toon Cigrtaliiis ft mes wokich is, the Gnst hua Bom onaut Lead Pencil, a many atoms o7 Carhen are There iw 3609 ha ie find he whe: 3 mols 9 Cat bon ? 4 Solation; So determine Ihe reg ad, Data - we No: «7 atoms = Motes x.6..,| “Gren massac” = 360 3 =~3e a X 6.03, Molar mass = aglmete ae? 4 nosey mets ?_ ath a nT BS a9 loms_s aoe co ner Jo Geter mine zo: qomades- - atts Motes = ~Ge : = 38 = 3omdes Q: On Keating Solid ammenium nittate (whe, ), clecom be Produce nittous oxide (ng) S water. a AH, Ye, ——-No + 2Hho- — aumeniom nittate. is Co betel, Consurmect tu] 5 re “ah te@ mats. Water famed @ Valine 3 ay gus Ltbetated ats: TP? “ Solution Data __. Given saa i piles 9 NH Ae, Ne + 2Ho Mars 9 Water fotmed =? Imete Imele 2m Volume a No at STP =? (809) (22-4 elu’ (36 _ So determine mas of water pee Aecet ching te balanced eye akon, a+ Beg. 5 HN, a = 4 4 Pubes a 200 gr ye 36x 200.to cletermine lhe Volerrie « poi @ = «According te b alawceed wabior a egy ANG EAT Pn Ri beg No — I 2eog = m4 = 22:4 X2e0 | Sbelnt Ao ae =e $e pws. sgatanlae 2: ny claeg gon asd) is Commerecalh, D1 aled b Bteau - me hare Paotess: ~ CH He. ‘aly taal ¢ a mixtiare op 28-8 me fhaue and Ih. Ral Je foams avec dampened (ee ide (Co) auel Aycregen gar. Determine the Limiting Aeatauk and The mars 4 foege J Phooluceel 2 a Sotuction: Data Given mass op methane (CH) = 28:89 Molar mass. mea = lbglmok | Given masy, = Maya Molar aXs. 2 ah = ta glen limitin: Aeactud = , Mass 9 HH gas=? _ Jo determine The motes Acacdank, wales ge, = = Givuimais = 28-8. = 1.8mole Molar mass ~ Moles dip. = OS = fe oS mate 7 Sa pra m Pao Plan 8 208, each Aeactaut Acco ding 4 at cee egualion,, ib tamale, A, Fire Ps mnelo 4, i = 5:4 mag tt [Smee 4 = 3x18 alin 3 M = mek g He gives = Smal g 4, ok mh » 7 = 3xo8 = 2-4 molergh, _Sinee, water Bo) gives tess. moles. 9 H, Ab Phoclust, hones+ water hiuiting seactaut ‘ ‘ GS. To determine the mass 4.4 Hs Mass oy H = wtoles x snobs mass = 2x2 = 4ST nw Q: Under Tie Magnesium (mg) peaks cok oy ae (0) te foim Mag nesieon oxide. Cage). ont] * +0, > 2Mgo : F 49 M9. Acad wih, excess 2 0, Pralace tah | Me A Hs Pesceutage yitlel 7 yo? Se tions Data Gren mais. og Mp = 49 = — -Melas mass 3 og 2.249 (rete [ rs Nees 2 J9 9, = 4-249 i. —Pokceatagegielet = — Sa dletetenine fa mata g teach, - Vtas 9 ass Fs 016 mate o Sa dletermine he 7, 4 Pied fm deenctaut prea iceeee Accra th balanced © 2 omeles 0g faedace = oar myo bE mele xe 166 -. 0.166 mater Ve eter mine The Thestetivalgildlg- mye zx _ Thecteticalyielel = = molesx Mola mats ¢ Ngo = onl x 40 = 6. Cay(Ne merical Quester) ® No: 2 Caleutale the rem bes. on moles Mi lata © 389 Carbon di Aul phiet (CS,)@ 68-49 Suctose(C ‘oleati'on; 389 Corben isulphine cess G4) Date 7 So determine Noi 9 motes, ( yen matsg C55 38° Ne: motes = ‘ieee olar mahs 9 CS = 76.9 )mole | 9 trea nnn os 38 = 0-Smete Naz 602% lo | Siete tenon! sae feats 29 molestes, Ne: p.maely SPs we: ei seme = Metesx WA’ Ne: Dm olewles = 2 O-+SX 6x02rXJo 3-01 Xho o molecules + Sx? oe 68-4 4 Auchede 6,4 Data ven 20s 9 GMO, = E84 G “Godedermine heme: motes, far. many C,Hhe, Oo = Str g hme wales Suen = _ Giveumans, Na = 6-024% a . se = o-2 tealeleamine the maSPmnotecith, Ne: ane 9 = moles xNA na 2). = 0-2 X 6) eal = [-204x Io medewuls. — Ae 2, Ammoniagas (WH) Cau be Produced by eating gehen the Solel WH, el 3 cacoH) - - ANH, A + cacon!) 5 w+ Cadl,+ 2K0 Z a mintude Con fain le AF each Thess. Aekeds is heated cetermine Ke. Aaniting Bea S the mass Sg Nts gu Pleo clussel] Solution, Data oa mass Given mang alon),.= (Pg oa pees» = _ ? Jo “ehadtice She mols 4 / Moles oy Wich = 12 fe.@ OJo-determine the moles-q thoduct fotmed Proms Acces ching te odk chemical eye akan, - amet. AeA Pricluce — 2mates ae ‘ 1.689 mote - Bx = 1885 met | mote JACM) Pockice # onal 4 nH jas) mek BR ARPBST ST BTOD mols al Since, NHL Phoducedt Levs motes PAocuct (NH) Reuee WHh is Limiting heackant, 3 So.debrmine mass % AH, 908 Paodaced, Mass a WH = Motes x Mola mass ay, = 1-869X17 = 31-779 aw. Aa Qs, Aluminum chlaticte (Ad, ) is wseclai the manuf 4 Auber. 2 ts Produced by aeng Alanon biden wik A, gar at 650 2Al+ 3el, 2Ald, whew tbog Aluminum Aeach wi £xtess chlosine, “6501 ib Phoduccel.. Uthat ib ihe Perceutage yield: ‘ey Alcl,? Solution : : . fa Given mag AL =lbeg Gives mass All, = = 6509 Molar mas AL= 279/mele, (Practical fields? Pevcwstage yield 9 Abel, =? Lefind mets o Acactut, . anne Motes Ve Giron yuous = Le 2 5.926 moles = 3 mans 2h } Io find metus Pho duct feel from Aeactaub : — Acct cling be balawcecl cheuicel esuation, wt — ameter. AL Pho duce. =. > meted | 5.936 mds 4-3 Bxsnt a 2 ub mals® & wWetermine Ae mass 4 Abel, Pho cluceet, (Sheotelscal yielel § Atel, ) Theoretical yield 9 Atel = motes.x Metar mass a. 8 5-926 x 133-5 = TH 129 Ie dleterrnine Pekceutage yieldg Ald, 1 Raeulageyield = Phecticilyidley $52. x Joo ote MeouFical gid. 700°! : S821 py a, 169 qa Aarmplen Jos otcupics a Vedume y :12 obvi ak STP. Determine ke motah mars a the tubYacee = Sclutions. 3 Datas _ 3 jive mass a agas= Mg tetas volume oa jos 2eddee sclefermine mold.9.a gas, . Mobos = Giveamimua volume = I 8, os mole Molar velume 22-4 - fo cletermine ihe. muss molar rm awa gas, Moly mass 2 Gives mass 16 | Peles or a = 32g |mete Aw 5, Silver dulphiole CAg,S). is. au auts- micro bial apait, aw experimuc "244g ag s is Aradted wih excess « yds schlesic ab. arven iu follewing equation. Nos +2Hed y 2éyel + MS le © masa Agel fotmed. @Velums. 3 HS Produced. atST?. POT aerate m ro 7 Giymsnag Bas 24-89, Mats 4, Aged =? - Volume 4 US Phocluced = ?6 [Wow balanced chemical equation gan fellen yo } Aas — A_5 aAgel + HS “i te gE 1. 24g) IO gate) : Accctdhing. te balaucecl eps a45q-9-Ags Pho duce = aig gage _ m8g noon Io_letermine volume 9 HS Phoduced, —-.2484-9 Ags Phodute = 2: jaan Hs - 2224x248 = 224 dm 7 248g 7” 48 Aw 1 @:6; Calelati each ¢ pHi feng ee DO Number a mates us 6+ tape _ elution; — _ @ 5 Volume ince’. a tag ae pate Solution; i = 6 My - A ~ Molak-m ass So= 4 gimote Deta___ | Mas. of martes = 22 Given mass B= 38-49 | ___ Ween, by bing: y fot muda, ase Molar mars. 34 = 32g : __ Moles "Gamat volume yo =? . Mota m avs pe a = 64 — 0. mele. Fat defen motes 5, - ? vein = 3 Sy tess | Males = ieee gs moles 5-+- 8h So cletermine thevolume gS Velume a 2 = = mols X 224 - S12 K ye _ Given motes. OM, 4.Smels = 26684 dn? = inane 2 269 /mele But volume = 26-86XI Now, ytlsg fol, - Hs Ax, Mass ta g3.anes moles x Melar rans = 4Sx26 = lI7g Aytions mabs tHe = Ré9 5 mah 3 He = 18 plonele noteucles = ? by sing fotmuta oy molecules Give mass xbox 4 Motar mas = 26x 02 Xl T 4a. 1y xo mm oR = 4.214 X18 “seb Pas: a perabercg fot muta enits: iw 33 cact, ? “ob | pata bu mass op cacl, = 333 far maid 5 cael, = trginel 0: Q Fot mela un ? ee ‘ising faimila tanh gp roleules y 1269 D Mass bu grams 4 48x totatomay feh Solation, Giveu No gdtems ana = 48x10 atoms Molar mass aa = 4g Na = 6-02X Io 4 “Giveamap XNA = Tl 33 = 18-06 X10 1) ct = [Box lo! units as | Fulani = a Sodium XD t Mais ux gfams = ? Now, by waning The fotmula, = 4-8 xjo%23 ~~ 6-0axte 18- a glee = 18-33x 10 = MBB 183-39 Awa a — a3 333 x 6-02rx 16