Grade 12 INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN PERSON TABLE OF CONTENTS QUARTER 1 WEEK OBJECTIVES PAGE NUMBER 1-3 DOING PHILOSOPHY 1. Distinguish a holistic perspective from a partial point of view 2. Recognize human activities that emanated from deliberate reflection 3. Realize the value of Doing philosophy in obtaining a broad perspective in life Doing a philosophical reflection on a concrete situation from a holistic perspective METHODS OF PHILOSOPHIZING 1. Distinguish opinion from truth 2. Analyze situations that show the difference between opinion and truth 3. Realizethe methods of philosophy lead to wisdom and truth 4. Evaluate opinions 6-7 THE HUMAN PERSON AS AN EMBODIED SPIRIT 1. Recognize one’s limitations and possibilities 2. Evaluate one’s limitations and the possibilities for their transcendence 3. Recognize how the human body imposes limits, and_possibiities_fortranscendence 4. Distinguish the limitations and possibilities for transcendence THE HUMAN PERSON IN~ THEIR ENVIRONMENT 1. Take note of environmental disorders 2. Determine things that are improperly placed and organize them in an aesthetic way 3. Show care for the environment contributes to health, well-being and sustainable development 4. Demonstrate the virtues of prudence and frugality towards environments4. Show situations that demonstrate freedom of choice and the consequences of choices 12-13 INTERSUBJECTIVITY 1. Realize _intersubjectivity —_ requires accepting differences and not to imposing others Appreciate the talents of persons with disabilities and those from the underprivileged sectors of society . Explain that authentic dialogue means accepting others even if they are different from themselves 4. Perform activities that demonstrate the talents of persons with disabilities and those from the underprivileged sectors of societ nN 2 14-15 THE HUMAN PERSON IN SOCIETY 1. Recognize how individuals form societies and how individuals are transformed by societies . Compare and contrast different forms of societies and individualities (e.g Agrarian, industrial and virtual) . Explain how human relations are transformed by social systems 4. Evaluate the transformation of human relationships by social systems and how societies transform individual human Beings Nn 2 16 HUMAN PERSONS AS _ ORIENTED TOWARDS THEIR IMPENDING DEATH 1. Recognize the meaning of life 2. Enumerate the things that one wants to achieve in life and define projects that one intends to pursue 3. Explain the meaning of life 4. Reflect on the meaning of lifeWEEK 1-3 DOING PHILOSOPHY, OBJECTIVES: 1. Distinguish holistic perspective from a partial point of view 2. Recognize human activities that emanated from deliberate reflection 3,_ Realize the value of Doing philosophy in obtaining a broad perspective in life 4. Doing philosophical reflection on a concrete situation from holistic perspective The Process of Doing Philisophy In few years, you will gain new experiences in life that you may hhave never dreamed of, Such experiences may excite or challenge you, while some ean make you rethink your life and decisions, What is Philisophy? Isita way of life? Why or why not? How do you apply it in everyday lie? ‘We will find out the answers in this lesson. Doing philosophy helps you think many things, including those that leave you confused or without an acceptable answer. Philosophy. meaning" love of wisdom.” is a seience where reason and logic are used to ‘undorstand reality and answer questions of knowledge, morality and human nature, It ean bo described as either a body of knowledge or an intellectual activity -as a body of knowledge it provides methodolgies and insights on how societal questions, such as moral dilemmas of euthanasia or same sex marriage, can be answered. = as an intellectual activity is an analytic procedure of addressing individual thought processes such as resolving conict and confusion, testing positions, and analyzing belielS. In all instances, doing philosophy is preseribed by logic, reason, and ethics leading 10 wisdom. -itis also known as “philosophy in life" this concept is important hocause it serves as the ‘auiding principle an how one ought to live lifePhilosophy of Human Person can be defined as the science of human beings which interprets the data of experience in the light of metaphysical principles. It has two sources, namely, the data of experience supplied mainly by everyday experience, which is confirmed by experimental sciences and the metaphysical principles supplied by ontology or by metaphysics ‘Thus Philosophy of Human Person is a combination of science and metaphysics Again, we can consider Philosophy of Human Person as that branch of philosophy which concerns itself with trying to respond to those deepest and perennial questions about human beings - questions that have plagued humans ever since history began. Here, our attempt is to respond to these issues, and not answer them. For, the word ‘answer’ seems to imply more or less complete and thorough rejoinder to the matter, an exhaustive conclusion ‘once-and-for-all.” But we must remember that we are dealing with human being who is a mystery to be understood more and more than a problem to be solved once and for all. We cannot demand a conclusive, authoritative answer but only a response. Some of the typical questions that Philosophy of Human Person raises are: What do humans have in common with the rest of the material world? What are the implications of this common bond between humans and the rest of the material world? Which are those aspects of human that set him/her apart from the rest of the animal world? How significant are these differences? Is there some explanation that gets to the root of human's uniqueness? Is this explanation defensible in the forum of reason? What is the origin of human life? What is its goal? The bulk of Philosophy Human Person is basically an exploration into the above mentioned questions and into the ramification of the answers generated by them, Thus the key issues that this course will tackle are life and evolution knowledge, language, will, freedom, life, inter-subjectivity, person, death and immortality and self-transcendence Philosophy of Human Person is also known as Philosophical Anthropology. But it is not same as Social Anthropology (which is often loosely called Anthropology), Biological Anthropology or Cultural Anthropology. The word “Anthropology” comes from the Greek words anthropos which means human’ and logos which means “science.” Social Anthropology is a study of human being from an ethnic perspective. It deals with the variations in social customs and practices from one ethnic group to another. A social anthropologist, therefore, would ask questions such as: What is the origin of such-and-such a tribal practice? Are there other tribes that exhibit the same customs? Could there be some explanation to account for these common features Biological Anthropology includes the study of human evolution, human evolutionary biology, population genetics, our nearest biological relatives, classification of ancient hominids, palacontology of humans, distribution of human alleles, blood types and the human genome project. Biological Anthropology is used by other fields to shed light on how a particular folk ot to where they are, how frequently they have encountered and married outsiders, whether a particular group is protein-deprived, and to understand the brain processes involved in the production of language. Cultural Anthropology is ofien based on ethnography, a kind of writing usedthroughout anthropology to present data on a particular people or folk often based on participant observation research. Ethnology involves the systematic comparison of different cultures, Cultural Anthropology is also called Socio-cultural Anthropology or Social Anthropology. Cultural Anthropology also covers economic and political organization, law and conflict resolution, patterns of consumption and exchange, material culture, technology, infrastructure, gender relations, ethnicity, childrearing and socialization, religion, myth, symbols, worldviews, sports, music, nutrition, recreation, games, food, festivals, and language, Philosophical Anthropology instead, would ask questions about human being regardless of hisyher race or social background. For instance, when Philosophical Anthropology investigates the question of immortality; it is not simply intent on finding out whether the Amerindians or the African Bushmen believe in immortality. Rather, itis intent on finding out whether the survival of the human being afier death can, in some way, be established through a consideration of the intrinsic nature of human beings as such Philosophy of Human Person has also been called Rational Psychology, to distinguish it from Empirical Psychology and Experimental Psychology. The word psychology comes from the words psyche which means mind and logos which means science. Hence, psychology can be understood as the science of mind. The adjectives aptly bring out the differences in methods in these disciplines. Whereas Empirical Psychology is defined as the science of the facts and laws of mental life, as acquired by everyday experience and Experimental Psychology tries to understand the human person in terms of reading, measurement, behaviour paitern ete. obtained from experimental observation, Rational Psychology delves deeper into the human psyche by rational reflection on the implications of his/her activity. In the Indian context, philosophy is holistic in its approach and thought. Hence it did not elaborate an isolated treatise on human person. However there is an implicit understanding of human being in the Vedas and more especially in the Upanishads. These sacred books gave a variety of names to the principle that underlie human person. The Word prana means breath or wind, It is the vital breath, which is the principle of human being. Closely related to it, is the word at man, which means the breathing principle in human, after the trunk of the body, the innermost kernel of human's existence, the highest being and the Supreme Reality. The word Purusha - the current word for human being - refers to the soul or atman that dwells in every person. Finally, we have the word Jiva (toot - jiv to live), which stands for soul and the living principle of things. Philosophy of Human Person is concerned with the study of human beings. As mentioned earlier, there are so many sciences that study human beings like Psychoanalysis, Sociology, Archaeology, Linguisties and Political science, What makes Philosophy of Human Person different from all of these disciplines? To answer this question, let us now examine briefly the subject matter of these disciplines.Psychoanal body of ideas developed by Austrian Physician Sigmund Freud and continued by others. It is primarily devoted to the study of human psychological functioning and behaviour, although it also can be applied to societies. It is a method of investigation of the mind; a systematized set of theories about human behaviour; and, a method of treatment of psychological or emotional illness. Sociology is a branch of social sciences that uses systematic methods of empirical investigation and critical analysis to develop and refine a body of knowledge about human social structure and activity, sometimes with the goal of applying such knowledge to the Pursuit of social welfare, Its subject matter ranges from the micro level of face-to-face interaction to the macro level of societies at large. Archaeology is the study of human material culture, including both artefacts (older pieces of human culture) carefully gathered in situ, museum pieces and moder garbage. Archaeologists work closely with biological anthropologists, art historians, physics laboratories (for dating), and museums. They are charged with preserving the results of their excavations and are often found in museums. Typically, archaeologists are associated with “digs,” or excavation of layers of ancient sites. Archaeologists subdivide time into cultural periods based on long-lasting artefacts: for example the Palaeolithic, the Neolithic and the Bronze Age. Linguis is the study of language. Linguistic Anthropology (also called Anthropological Linguistics) seeks to understand the processes of human communication, verbal and non-verbal, variation in language across time and space, the social uses of language, and the relationship between language and culture. It is the branch of Anthropology that brings linguistic methods to bear on anthropological problems, linking the analysis of linguistic forms and processes to the interpretation of socio-cultural processes. Political science is a social science concerned with the theory and practice of politics and the description and analysis of political systems and political behaviour. Polities is aprocess by which groups of people make decisions. The term is generally applied to behaviour within civil governments, but politics has been observed in all human group interactions, including corporate, academic and religious institutions. Political scientists study the allocation and transfer of power in decision-making, the roles and systems of governance including governments and international organizations, political behaviour and public policies. From this brief analysis, we can say that the above mentioned disciplines study certain aspects of human beings from an empirical perspective. They make use of scientific: methods of observation and experiment to study’ their subject matter. As against these akin disciplines which also deals with the study of human being, Philosophy of Human Person studies human being as a whole by asking those questions that pertain specifically to him as a buman being, and by seeking their answers in terms of ultimate explanations. It’s true that Philosophy of Human Person makes use of empirical methods but it goes deeper into metaphysical realms, It studies human being not merely as an object in nature, In fact, human being is more than an object; he/she is a subject, an ego, 1. Thus, Philosophy of Human Person is the study of human being in what makes hinvher typically a human being Philosophy of Human Person forms an important treatise in the study of Philosophy. fier all, human existence is an inescapable part of philosophic thought, Almost everyone has been puzzled from time to time by such essentially philosophic questions as “What does life mean?” “Did I have any existence before I was born?” and “Is there life after death?” Most people also have some kind of philosophy in the sense of a personal outlook on life, Even a person who claims that considering philosophic questions is a waste of time is expressing what is important, worthwhile, or valuable. A rejection of all philosophy is in itself philosophy. By studying Philosophy of Human Person, people can clarify what they believe, and they can be stimulated to think about ultimate questions. A person can study philosophers ofthe past to discover why they thought as they did and what value their thoughts may have in one’s own life, Philosophy has had enormous influence on our everyday lives. The very language we speak uses classifications derived from philosophy. For example, the classifications of noun and verb involve the philosophic idea that there is a difference between things and actions. If we ask what the difference inquiry. It was Socrates, the great Greek philosopher, who turned philosophy from the study of . We are starting a philosophic great philosophical questions to the study of human being. He preferred to postulate on ethics rather than the meaning of the World. He used to go to the ancient Greek market ( agora), talk their selves. to people and help them realize that they already knew the “truth,” by examinin The “know thyself” motto is attributed to Socrates. He used to say that “The only thing I know is that I don't know nothing.” He also believed that the limits of human knowledge were such, that prevented us from searching the ultimate truth for metaphysical problems. That is why he thought that postulating on human matters is what a true philosopher should do, We can say that knowing human person from a rational perspective is of utmost importance because human person is fabulously rich and complex in nature. He/she is a kind prodigy, a combination of apparent antitheses. There is constant tension in human being. He’she lives in history but wants to go towards a trans-historic existence, He/she constantly transcends himseli/herself in all that he/she thinks, projects, desires, produces, etc, Thus, a better understanding of the human person is vital in comprehending the various other realities th Which he/she is in constant communion,Philosophical reflection isthe process by whieh a person undergoes a reflective state or evaluates, his or her experiences first before making any related action. Its important as it enables thought to be looked into using 2 deeper, holistic perspective. In effect, aetions are directed wowards sretaer sources ‘of wisdom and truth Meaning and Process of Doing Philosophy Doing philosophy means engaging oneself in “matters of wility” and methodologies to eliminate any practical problem or abstract idea, Inthe process of doing philosphy, i is critical to have a holistic point of view-—the pereeption of looking at all aspects of a situation first before making a conclusion, Some othr skills invloved in ‘doing philosophy are critical, logial, and analytical thinking, obeservation, and communicative skis Holistic and Patil Points of View Before engaging in philosophical inquiry, one must be able to distinguish between a holistic and partial point of view, This is eritieal for anyone doing philosophy because it sets a limit in coming up ‘With the conclusions abouta given situation, Holistic Point of View Partial Point of View -Looks at all aspects of the given problem or situation, All aspects are given importance when ‘making conelusien. -All aspects are tied in together to form a general overview of the problem or situation. Example: A teacher listens first to both stories of her two arguing students before making any conclusion about the issue. ‘What Do You Th Looks at only a limited number of aspects of the given problem or situation. Conclusions are made based on considering some, but not all, sides of the problem or situation, Example: A teacher scolds Student A after Student B accused him of stealing her pencil case. However, the teacher only listened to the sotry of Student B, and not to Student A, before deciding to scold the student. Is doing philosophy possible without engaging in philosophical reflection? 12‘+ In doing philosophy, » holistic perspective on the subject is always requited. Failure t0 4o so or only using a partial point of view may lead tp illogical or incorrect conclusions. ‘+ In doing process of doing philosophy, ics criteal o have a holistic perspeetive—the perception of looking at al aspects of a siwation fist before making a conclusion. This point of view is diferent from holistic thinking which isa mental activity of recognizing the inferconnectedness of systems and procedures to form a general picture ofan ise, ‘+The process of doing philosophy, should not be mistaken forthe Filipino activity of ppamimilosopo of pedantry where a person displays useless knowledge of minute observances of small details Philosophy, meaning “love of wisdom,” is as science where reason and logic are used to understand reality and answer questions of knowledge, morality and human nature, Philosophy maybe a body of knowledge or an intellectual A holistic point of view looks at all aspects of the given problem or situation, Meanwhile, partial point of view locks a only a limited number of aspects of the given problem or situation. Philosophical reflection allows a person to look back on previous experiences a ‘meaning of significance of his or her lie evaluate the ACTIVITY 4 (PPT11/1242-1.1) Look at the pictures below. What can you say about them? Describe their similarities and differences. Write your answer in your notebook. 13ACTIVITY 2 (PPT11/12-Ib-1.2) Complete the table below. Write your answer in your notebook. ‘ACTIONS WHAT MUST BE DONE BEFORE THE ACTION? 7. Buying new clothes 2. Choosing friends 3. Ealing food ‘4, Deciding where to study for Senior High School 3, Aitending classes in the aflemoon 6. Going to schoo! 7. Visiting a friend '8. Joining an organization in school ‘9. Playing computer games 10. Buying a new gadget 11. Asking permission if you would like to go out with friends 12. Helping a stranger 13. Traveling without your Tamil 14, Going to mass or any religious activities 15. Walching movies that are not allowed for your age 16. Posting your opinion or feelings in the social media 17. Communicating to your siblings about a conflict 18. Giving opinions 19. Going out with the opposite sex 20. Confronting a person who verbally hurt you ACTIVITY 3 (PPT11/12-1b-1.3) Answer the following questions and write your answer in your notebook. 1. Based on your answers in Activity 2, what must before making actions? 2. Is it helpful that you do this before making actions? Why or why not? 3. Asa grade 11 student, what have you realized about this activity? Reflect and ‘explain your answer in your notebook.ACTIVITY 4 (PPT11/12-Ib-1.4) ‘What can you say about the quotation below? Do you agree with this? Express your answers on the space provided. BROADENING bon OY (2) en a an am wal a CAN iaWEEK 4-5 METHODS OF PHILOSOPHIZING 1. Distinguish opinion from truth 2. Analyze situations that show the difference between opinion and truth 3, Realize the methods of philosophy lead to wisdom and truth 4, Evaluate opinions © Truth iies at the heart of any inquiry. It is a fact that has been verified. © Knowledge is simple data that comes from the outside that pass to our senses. It must be truthful to gain validity and acceptance. Propositions - Philosophers consider truth as a kind of qualtiy or value. ~ Propositions are statements about the world or reality which may or may not carry truth. * Knowledge is the clear awareness and understanding of something. It is the product of questions that allow for clear answers provided by facts. © What we know is what is observable or evident in the real world. Propositions which are observed to be real or truthful are considered facts. ‘There are statements, however, that are not evidently or immediately known (o be true and they are called claims. They require further examination to establish whether it is true or false. Philosophizing Is to think or express oneself in a philosophical manner. It considers or discusses a (matter) from a philosophical standpoint. Edmund Husserl founded Phenomenology—where the truth is based on the person's consciousness. This focuses on careful inspection and description of phenomena or appearances, define as any subject of conscious experience, that is, that which we are conscious of (Johnson), ‘The word “phenomenon” comes directly from the Greek (Phainomenon) meaning “appearancePhenomenological ‘Reductions 1. Epoche or “suspension” brackets all the questions of truth and reality and simply describes the contents of consciousness, Focuses on the essential features, the meaning of consciousnes 3. What interests the phenomenologists are the contents of con: natural world as such, Existentialism: On Freedom It is not primarily on a philosophical method neither a set of doctrines but more of an outlook or attitude supported by diverse doctrines centered on certain common themes as follows: 1, Human condition or relation of individual to the world. 2. Human response to that condition. 3. Being, specially the difference between the being of person and being the other kinds of things. 4, Human freedom 5. 6 ousness, not on the things of the Significance of choice and decision in the absence of certainty. ity of life as lived, against abstractions and false objectifications. Conereteness and subject * Soren Kierkegaard, insisted that the authentic self was the personally chosen self, as opposed to the public or herd identity. # Nietzsche took this view of opposition of the genuine indi identity. * Jean-Paul Sartre, French philosopher who emphasized the importance of free indi regardless of the power of other people to influence and coerce our desires, bilief # Socrates “the good of his soul” he sought not mere opinions but knowledge, self-knowledge in particular, and prescribed not just right action but virtue, being “true to onesel®” * St. Augustine, was concerned with the spiritual nature of the “true” self as opposed to the inauthentic demans of the disire and the body. * Jean-Jacques Rousseau, essential goodness of the “natural” self in contrast to the “corruption imposed by society. & Post-Moderni om | It is accepted the truth is not absolute (ie. cultural). Post modernism is not philosophy—it is best a holding pattem perhaps a cry do despair. Postmodernists believe that humanity should come at truth beyond the rational to the non-rational elements of human nature, including the spiritual idual versus the idemtity of herdLanguage cannot objectively describe truth, “Analysis” refers to a method; owing a great deal to the pioneers, Bertrand Russell, G.E, Moore, Wiitgenstein an J.L Austin Ludwig Wittgenstein, an analytic philosopher, language is socially conditioned Iris the centered in the analysis and construction of arguments Two Types of Reasoning: A. Inductive Reasoning (observations in order to make generalizations often aplied by prediction, forecasting behavior) B. B. Deductive Reasoning (draws conclusion from usually one broad judgments or defination and one more specific assertion, often an inference. Yat and Soundness of an Arment | Ex. All philosophers are wise. (major premise) Confucius is a philosophers. (minor premise) Therefore, contucius is wise. (conclusion) ‘Validity comes from a logical conelusion based on logically constructed premises. Inductive arguments cannot prove if the premises are true which will also determine the truth of the conclusion, rcs To detect fallacies, itis required to examine the argument’s content. ‘Usuall errors in reasoning and thus, coming up with false coneluson and worse, distorting the truth Appeal to pity (Argumentum ad misericordiam) Appeal to Ignorance (Argumentum ad ignorantiam) Equivocation Composition Division Against the Person (Argumentum ad hominem) Appeal to Force (Argumentum ad baculum) Appeal to the People ( Arzumentum ad populum) False Cause Prommong>J, Hasty Generalization K. Begging the Question (petition principia) Applying Logic and Fallacies in Determining Truths form Opinions ‘Tractatus identifies the relationship between language and reality and to define the limits of science. It is recognized as a significant philosophical work of the 20" century. Realize the Methods of Philosophy That Lead to Wisdom and Truth Double (1999) although philosophy is an onganized body of knowledge, the subject matter of philosophy is questions, which have three major characteristics: 1. Philosophical questions have answers but the answers remain in despute. 2. Philosophical questions cannot be settled by science, common sense, or faith, 3. Philosophical questions are of perennial intellectual interest to human beings. Critical Thinking For Maboloc and Pascua (2008) critical thinking is a lifelong process of self-assessment that further consists of: * Defining, analyzing and devising solutions, Arriving at reasonable and informed conclusions Applying understanding and knowledge to new and different problems. Willingness to say “I don't know” ‘¢ Looks for evidence to support assumption and beliefs Adjust opinion © Looks for proof Examines the problem Rejects irrelevant and innocent information Evaluate Opinions An opinion ean be a belief or judgment that rest on grounds insufficient to produce complete certainly. It is a personal view, attitude or appraisal or personal feelings. Asking relevant question — assessing arguments or statements—looking for evidence assumptions or belief deciding rationally what to believe or not important to evaluate opinionsACTIVITY 4 (PPT11/1: 2.1) Choose a word from the box below. 1. Write down other related words or ideas that you can think of in relation to the word that you chose. 2, Write your answer in a one whole sheet of paper. ct ete CPUC nue O Contestec, Senet any Soopers ‘hdicatecontraversia VY | Sarin “ust source opinions BP RVON Te uted mmeyceuniess eo FAIS ACTIVITY 2 (PPT11/1: 2.2) ‘Supply relevant information on the topics below. Prepare a 2-3 paragraph essay for each topic. Make sure that you include your resources and you have read the article thoroughly. You may use the library or the intemet in order to complete this task. 1. DepEd Kto12 Program 2, School Rules and Regulations 3. The Philippine Political Structure ACTIVITY 3 (PPT11/12-1d-2.3) Divide the class into two. The teacher will pick a topic from the list below. The class will prepare for a debate 1. Philippine National Viand: Adobo vs. Sinigang 2. Presidential Office: Davao or Malacanang?3. Road Order Contributor: Traffic Enforcers vs Traffic Lights ACTIVITY 4 (PPT11/12. 2.4) What can you say about the picture below? Write your reflection in your notebook. oe es tee Sst geese ge. mens 2 ike ete) 0000 Teta Baro tts od ) ETT ae - BuddhaWEEK 6-7 THE HUMAN PERSON AS AN EMBODIED SPIRIT 1. Recognize one’s limitations and possibilities 2. Evaluate one's limitations and the possibilities for their transcendence 3. Recognize how the human body imposes limits and possibilities for transcendence 4. Distinguish the limitations and possibilities for transcendence KEY TERMS Man ~ the general term commonly used to refer to the entire human race Human ~ refers to man as a species Human being — used to distinguish man from other animals granted recognition of certain ies, and dignity above all. Its the totality of'an individual, rights, protection, responsibil possessing awareness, self determination, and the capacity to interact with others and with himseli/herself, Personhood ~ refers to the state of being person ‘Human Nature-- characteristies (like thinking, feeling and acting) that distinguish humans from all other creatures. These traits are considered to form the essence of humanity, and without them, an individual may not be considered a human person. What is the Human Person?Self-awareness Refers to the person having a clear perception of oneself, including his though identity and actions. ‘+ This awareness goes beyond perception and reaction to the environment. We have deeper awareness that is driven by rationality or human thought. ‘+A person is aware of both his surroundings and himself, He knows that he is living an experience and is an active participant in this experience. ‘+ This awareness gives rise to the notion of the “self” which the philosophers deseribe as the person who is actively aware that he is perceiving and experiencing reality. ‘+ This awareness of the self also enables us to experience an “inner world” that is defined by our personal thoughts and ideas. We experience interiorty, that is, the quality of being focused on one’s inner life and identity. This interiority enables us to practice creativity. . emotion: ‘Try Saying These: 1. Lam a person, 2. Lamalive, 3. Lexist, 4. Lam here. I am present, 5. Lam living at this very moment. determination ‘This refers to the capability of persons to make choices and decisions based on their own preferences, monitor and regulate their actions, and be goal-oriented and self directed, We are persons because we act and we are aware of our actions. ‘© Our free will enables us to do actions whenever we want to and make various alternatives. The existence of free will enables a person to act willfully, control his actions, and recognize himself as the source of action. ‘+ Consequence is the result or effect of an action or condition, Philosophers believe that a person acts freely and with due regard for the consequences of his actions. ‘© Morality is the goodness or “badness” of an act. ‘* Human action is such an important aspect of the person that many philosophers consider human action as a way to reveal a person’s true nature. © Human aets complete the person, it is through his actions that his inner self is revealed to others, and it is through action that a person is able to explore and fulfill his potential.‘Try Saying These: 1. 1am aperson. 2. My actions are my very own and are made freely. 3. I know that | am the cause of my actions. 4. I know that my actions have consequences. Externality © This refers to the capability of a person to reach out and interact with others and the world, * The realization that we are not alone and that there are indeed other people around us enables us to reach out and establish meaningful relationships with others. * Philosophers consider man as a social being and that a person never exist in isolation. Man has the natural tendency to seek out fellow human beings, and the relationships established by this interaction are a vital component for survival © Our interactions with others define our existence as persons. We grow and develop not only through our thoughts and actions, but also through the influence of other people in our lives, and the individuals we meet and interact with. saying These: 1. Tam a person. 2. L value others. 3. interact with other in meaningful ways. 4, T value my relationships with other . Thave grown as a person because I've had meaningful interactions with people I've met in my li ‘© This refers to the innate right to be valued and respected. * Philosophers consider all humans as having an inherent worth or value. “You're worthless!” is an insult since it attacks the very notion of a person having value or worth.Each person is worth the same as another person in the sense that every person is priceless, unique, unrepeatable and irreplaceable. No person is dispensable or interchangeable. This is the reason why separation from the people we love and value is a difficult and painful experience. Human dignity is rooted in the nature of the human being, meaning, a person has dignity simply because of the fact that he is human, Dignity is not defined by outside factors like intelligence, beauty, skills, ete A person retains his dignity in spite of his actions or behavior. Dignity also drives us to seek what is good Doing good deeds upholds and promotes dignity of the human person. This recognition of dignity is also the basis for the recognition of human rights. ‘Try Saying These’ 1. Tama person, 2. Lam a person with dignity. 3. I recognize that others have dignity, as well. 4. I must uphold human dignity in my thoughts and actions, Aside from the physical characteristics, another aspect of the human that defines us as persons is the spirit. This intangible element enables us to exercise thought, possess awareness, interiority, and the eapacity to reach out to the outside world and other persons.det ed by the union of the body and the spiti the human person is an embodied spirit ‘The body and the spirit are not only united, but they are integrated with each other. Embodiment enables us to do and experience all the things that make us human persons, biological reactions associated with an inerease in hormon effects on the body. which may have certain Philosophy: Human persons do not love just with the heart nor the brain. We love another person with our entire being, Embodiment is the one thing that enables us to feel love and love others. Embodiment ‘The human body stands as the mediator between the material world and the spiritual world, Being an embodied spirit, the person is able to encounter the world of objects (and other personal subjects) in a manner that transcends the physical. ‘This feature allows him to form intimate relationship with those outside him. Human embodiment allows persons to attach certain feelings or ideas not only to people but also to objects. (pair of shoes as a present from a loved one) With human embodiment, physical acts are no longer purely physical acts, because the body conveys something from a person's inner world, A pat on the shoulder from your idol, a smi «will create intense emotional reaction in you. le from your crush, @ ki from your partner These examples show that it is through embodiment that a person in able to have a very ‘unique relationship with the world. And it is this unique relationship that defines us as humans. Human nature still has its limits despite being an embodied spirit. It can be said that the person is very biologically deficient being, We do not have the natural ability to fly. We cannot breathe underwater without using, breathing apparatus, We cannot survive in certain environments like other animals. Despite this limitations, we have used out intellect to devise means to achieve several feats.= The ability to surpass limits is called transcendenee, and it is also one important trait that distinguishes the human person from other beings in existence, Transcendence © Our mind is an important too! that allows us to go beyond many of our physical limits. * Although we have these physical limitations, we can transcend them because of our spiritual dimension ‘As human persons, we have natural tendencies of inclinations. © Some of these are felt bodily functions like hunger, fatigue, etc. transcendence means overcoming oneself or being in control even if the body reminds us of certain tendencies * Although these tendencies are felt, the person can govern them and ensure that they are exercised within the bounds of reason, © Each individual carries within himself the possibility of transcending his limits by exerting enough effort and perseverance. © Philosophy gives us usefull tools to explore our limits and possibilities. The essence of transcendence is to acknowledge our limitations, identify possibilities for development and change ourselves for the better. © Opening yourself to new experiences and ideas is another aspect of transcendence. © Our capacity for transcendence gives us the opportunity to work toward becoming better versions of ourselves. ACTIVITY 4 (PPT11/12-1f-3.1) Complete the chart below. Make sure that you ask or consult your parents or any adult who have witnessed your development and reflect before you write your answer. Copy and fill out the chart in your notebook. ‘Age Things that I can do Things that | cannot do 0-3 a76-11 12-15 16up ACTIVITY 2 (PPT11/12-1g-3.2) ‘Answer the following questions in your notebook. 1. 2 What are your limitations as a person? What are the things that you consider as difficult or hard for you to accomplish or believe in? What are your strengths? What are the possible things or status that you can reach or achieve in the future? ‘What are the factors affecting your limitations? How about possibilities? Do you see yourself improving in 5 ~ 10 years’ time? How can you say that you are improving? How can you transcend from your current limitations?ACTIVITY 3 (PPT11/12-1f-3.1, PPT11/12-1h-3.3, PPT11/12-li-3.4) Complete the chart by rewriting your present limitations with reference to your answers in the previous activities. Make an action plan towards transcendence. Copy the chart in your notebook THE REVITALIZED ME MY LIMITATIONS: PLAN TOWARDS TRANSCENDENCEWEEK 10-11 THE HUMAN PERSON IN THEIR ENVIRONMENT . Take note of environmental disorders 2. Determine the things that are improperly placed and organize them in an aesthetic way 3. Show that care for the environment contributes to health, well- being and sustainable development 4. Demonstrate the virtues of prudence and frugality towards environments Approaches to the Understanding the Relationship of the Human Person with the Environment What is Environment? The sum total of all surroundings of a living organism, including natural forces and other living things which provide condition development and growth damage. Three Mai in Approaches 1, COSMOS ~ CENTRIC APPROACH In middle of thes two poles is the human being. ~The natural laws govern the movement of Qi as Yin and Yang to create a harmonious balance in the universe. - Part of the balance created is the human being ~ a reflection of the balance between heaven and earth, Yin and Fang. - Ifthis natural law is skewed towards one pole, an imbalance is created, = The cosmos-centric approach to understanding our relationship to the environment shows that human beings are a microcosm of the cosmos = “micro” — small“cosmos” — universe It mans that the universe is reflected in us; we are a small version of the universe, ‘The same cosmie pattems that govern nature also govern our being. Meaning, when these natural law and cosmic pattems are tampered with the resulting imbalance will also affect the balance within humans, If there is no balance of energies in nature, the person also feel imbalance within themselves. On reverse side, when there is imbalance within the person, there would also imbalance in everything around it. THEOCENTRIC APPROACH Theo (God)-centric approach refers to an understanding coming from a religious interpretation. This especially applies to the Judeo-Christian tradition as specified in the creation story. The story relates that after ereating the world, and all that is including man and woman, God said * and subdue it.” nit, o and multiply: fill the earth The first man, Adam, was given the power over the rest of creation. The creation story tell) of how God entrusted the earth to man and ‘woman by giving them the role of stewards of creation. ‘To steward over something is to manage ot to put something under your care, We have been given the power to make use of what has been given us, ‘but with this power comes the responsibility and duty to take care of the fl As such, we are not just consumers of earth’s resources. We are it’s co- creators. The Theocentric Approach tells us that although we may be able to trace the immediate causes of environmental degradation through technical and. scientific explanations, but if we forget to pin down the main factor that is responsible for it ourselves, human beings — then we will never be able to address this escala problem of the destruction of the earth.- tis clear that we are the problem and we, ourselves, are the solution, - Pope Francis said: “the human environment and the natural environment deteriorate together: we cannot adequately combat environmental degradation unless we attend to causes related to human and social degradation 3. ANTHROPOCENTRIC APPROACH According to Payne (2010) there are two frameworks where t t humans canbe related, -Anthropocentric Model Based on the Anthropocenttic model, humans are superior mr AeoRnCeS MOSH ot central to the universe, thus itis human centered on 4 Human or rAd ¥ cutee POKTA ND 7 umon ovens Enikonments + Mint ¥ GlobaiTecinaioga! anthropos (man) + centric - This approach is like the theocentric approa carth, but de-emphasizes the role of God. ‘h that puts the human person in dominion over the - It started with the rise of experimental sciences. - This dominant approach began in the sixteenth century in Europe and has become the most widely used all over the world until today. = To understand this approach, recall your lessons in science when you had to conduct experiments, in your seience clas - Remember the use of “control set- up” and compare it with an “experimental set-up.” First, control set-up, * Seed planted on a cup of good soil, placed in an environment with sufficient Tight and air, and watered every other day = Second, experimental set-up © Plant sced in a bad kind of soil © Plants sed on a good Kind of soil but was placed in the dark © Plant seed on a cup of soil covered with plastic © Plant seed similarly in the control set-up except it was not watered at all = In doing the scien secrets to know more about it experiment, you were able to “extract” natun= You were also able to “manipulate” the natural conditions for the growth of the plat - Inthese, you are seen as “intervening” with the nature. = The development of experimental science has made the human being aware that he can detach himself from the ongoing eyele of nature and thereby control it = No longer is the human being simply vulnerable to the diewtes of nature, = Natural calamities can be controlled to some extent. = The natural agi be altered. f the skin, or the shape of one’s body parts, among others, can also = With the awareness of this ability came the dit control of our daily lives ipation of the power of the myth to take ~ Modem individuals are aware that they can be in control of their own fate. - They can alter their life directions based on their own choices. ~The downside of the rise of moder sciences is the swelling of the human bein; over his own powers to alter and manipulate nature. s pride = Unfortunately, this approach seems to be the most dominant of all three approaches. SowEETEcTsor maoroctNTe WoDR, he dorian of natin 1 he licsten of fe aniconnert wast 22 esgic cas. Fam ths view i follow et humae arogores tard rau i Se Sometimes, humans oogt an elatve smite wheneer tse t menty cervded a6 irre for nes proto ga A Balance Approach = Learning from all these approaches, we can see that it is possible to put them togethe = The cosmos-centrie approach emphasizes on the human being as a balance between heaven and earth. = approach which shows how we are earthly beings in need of resources. ~The theocentrie approach that emphasizes on our heavenly role as stewards of ereation, = Our goal now is to assess our own selves and find the right approach in dealing with nature in order to save Whatever if left of it, before itis too late.ACTIVITY 4 (PPT11/12-41-4.1, PPT11/12-1i-4.2) The whole class will be instructed to interview a person who is 45-60 year old, Be guided by the following questions: 1. What are the things that you remember in your environment when you were my age? 2. What are the things that you like doing when you were young? 3. What are the positive and negative changes in the environment? 4, Do you think environment plays a vital role in a person's development? Why or why not? ACTIVITY 2 (PPT11/12-1j-4.3, PPT11/12-1j-4.4) After conducting the interview, the whole class will be instructed to write the summary of their findings where the following questions are answered: 1. What have | learned from the person | interviewed? 2. How do | feel about the things that | leamed? 3. Will this knowledge gained from the interview help me understanding the role of the environment in my development as a person? 4. What should | do with the environment?WEEK 12-13 FREEDOM OF THE HUMAN PERSON OBJECTIVES: 1. Realize that “all actions have consequences.” 2. Evaluate and exercising prudence in choices. 3. Rationalize that: a. Choices have consequences; b. Some things are given up while others are obtained in making choices. 4. Show situations that demonstrate freedom of choice and the consequences of their choices. Do you believe in destiny? i tats ie)According to Oedipus that “You Cannot Escape Your Fate” There are two types of freedom: 1. Circumstantial Freedom. is the liberty to accomplish an ation without interference from obstacles. 2. Metaphysical Freedom. is the power to choose among genuine alternatives WHAT IS FREEDOM? Freedom or liberty is a social and political concept which has great significance in how people participate in society. The concept of freedom has emerged as an important philosophical issue in the 18th century Europe during the age of enlightenment, - Enlightenment thinkers believed that early man existed in a “natural state” and had absolute freedom. « However, the establishment of societies required people to surrender some of their freedom in order to live I harmony with others and ensure the survival of society - In establishing a society, people entered into a “social contract which defined the freedoms that they will be enjoying as members of a society and the state - Freedom in a political and social context means the freedom of an individual from oppression, compulsion, or coervion from other persons, an authority figure, or from society itself, Political freedom consists of two types of liberties: - Positive liberty refers to a person taking control of his or her own life and fulfilling one’s potential - Negative liberty is freedom from external restraint, barriers, and other interferences from other people. -something that is exereised through our choice. Consequence 1. What is the result of this action? 2. How does it make people feel? What is the main thing happening?Example: Serious Consequence ‘Young girl commit result of cyber bullying’ Action: Bullying “Approximately 800,000 Rwandans were killed in the space of 100 days. “Teenagers jailed for racist attack ‘Action: Genocide on shop keeper’ Action: Racism, Actions and Consequences All our actions (spoken and physical) have consequences. Some are good (positive) and some bad (negative). Consequences are a result or an effect. Itis important to try to behave in a way that has po: Acts of Man Vs ‘Human Acts SITUATIONAL ACTIVITY 1. Acollege student (Pregnancy and Abortion) 2. Terminaly ill patients (Natural Death or Euthanasia) PRINCIPLES OF DOUBLE EFFECT The act itself must be morally good oratleast different. while there is a risk of ~—bad__ effect occuring, it is not guaranteed to occur. the good effect. must come from the intervention, not from the bad effect the good effect must be sufficiently desirable as to outweigh the potential risk of the bad effectPOLITICAL IDEOLOGIE! ON HUMAN LIBERTY LIBERALISM = upholds the preservation of individual rights and stresses the role of the government in protecting the civil liberties LIBERTARIANISM = believes that the individual, not the government, is the best judge in upholding and exercising rights SOCIALISM = considers freedom as the freedom to acquire economic resources and the ability to work and act according to one’s desires. FREEDOM also entails the recognition of certain rights and. entitlements of persons. NATURAL RIGHTS refer to rights which are innate in the person such as right to life. These rights are considered universal and inalienable LEGAL RIGHTS are rights that are based on society's customs and laws and are enacted by legislation enforced by the government, The enjoyment of these rights is based on citizenship. THEOLOGICAL VIEWS define freedom as freedom from sin and living a life of righteousness. Christians define freedom in context of living in accordance with the will of God WHAT MAKES US, FREE? HOW DOES FREEDOM SHAPE OUR EXPERIENCE? : FREEDOM in its simplest sense is the freedom to make choices in life. Philosophers relate human freedom to the concept of human agency, which refers to the capacity ofa person to act and exert control over his or her behavior. HUMAN FREEDOM js expressed in two ways: - Freewill = the capacity to choose from alternative courses of action or decision; and - Free action = the freedom to perform an action without any obstacles or hindrances PERSPECTIVE REGARDING THE NATURE OF FREE WILL AND HOW IT INFLUENCE HUMAN ACTION — The faculties model = refers to free will as the use of our mental faculties. It assumes that we have free will due to our intellect and that each human action is based on rationality and sound judgments. The hierarchical model ~ argues that freewill is based on human wants and desires. An individual is faced with various wants and desires that need to be met. A person exercises freewill when he or she identifies one desire as acceptable and decides to act on it, The reason responsive view = believes that man has free will because he or she is able to entertainreasons not to enact a certain decision and act upon them when the need arises. For example, a person decides to cross the street but sees a car rapidly approaching. He or she exercises free will by choosing not to cross the street and allow the speeding car to pass WHAT CAN PREVENT US FROM EXERCISING FREEDOM? 1. Constraints on free action include external obstacles such as prohibitions, laws, and other social controls imposed by society 2. Disability or sickness, or coercion by other person 3. Weather, accidents or poverty 4. Manipulation and brainwashing DETERMINISMYS. FREE WILL — Determinism = believes that every event in the world is brought about by underlying causes or factors. If man is free indeed, how can he exercise his free will and action in a world where events are already determined by outside forces? (example a person with terminal illness) - Marxism = believe that society imposes certain controls on people, and that a person's social group largely influences how he or she thinks of acts, This view believes that man is essentially constrained by society. - Theologians discuss free will against the concept of omniscient God. Most theologians agree that God, despite being all-know' 1, grants us the ability 10 choose our actions. God's grace however enables us to be guided toward welfare, growth and salvation, HOW CAN WE EFFECTIVELY EXERCISE FREEDOM IN OUR LIFE? 1. Moral responsibility (refers to a person’s status of deserving a praise and reward, or blame and punishment for an action.) ~ Christian doctrine establishes that all good , moral actions will result in rewards such as blessings and salvation, while evil deeds merit punishment both in this world and in the afterlife 2. Control and regulation are necessary in the responsible exercise of freedom 3. Our interactions with other people in society adopting the concept of social contract, REALIZE THAT “ALL ACTIONS HAVE CONSEQUENCES A. ARISTOLE ~ THE POWER OF VOLITION «Volition = the faculty or power of using one’s will. "without conscious volition she backed into her office” - if there were no intellect, there would be no will - the will of humanity is an instrument of free choice. Itis within the power of everyone to be good or bad, worthy or worthless. This is borne out by: “ our inner awareness of an aptitude to do right or wrong “ the common testimony of all human beings ~ the rewards and punishments of rulers and * the general enjoyment of praise and blame + Moral ac are in our power and we are responsible for them » Character or habit is no excuse for immoral conduet » For Aristotle, a human being is rational. Reason is a divine characteristic. Humans have the spark of the divine, If there were no intellect, there would be no will. Reason can legislate, but only through will can its legislation be turned into action. Our will is an instrument of free choice, Reason, will and a drives each other ST. THOMAS AQUINAS ~ LOVE IS FREEDOM Of all creatures of God human beings have the unique power to change themselves and the things around them for the better. - St. Thomas Aquinas considers man as a moral agent» Through our spirituality, we have a conscience. Whether we choose to be good or evil becomes our responsibility Human beings therefore has a supematural transcendental destiny - Ifa human being perseveringly lives a righteous and virtuous life, he transcends his mortal state of life and soars to an immortal state of life Perfection can only be done in cooperation with God - Aquinas” 4-fold classification of laws 1. Eternal law 2. Natural law 3. Human law 4. Divine law St. Thomas wisely chose and proposed Love rather than law to bring about the transformation of humanity. For love is in consonance with humanity’s free nature, for Law commands and complete: love only calls and invit 's St. Thomas emphasizes the freedom of humanity but chooses love in governing humanity’s life - Since God is love, then Love is the guiding principle of humanity toward his self perception and happiness — his ultimate destiny C. ST. THOMAS AQUINAS: SPIRITUAL FREEDOM : God is love and love is our destiD. JEAN PAUL SARTRE: INDIVIDUAL FREEDOM - Sartre's existentialism stems from this principle: existence precedes essence ” The person first exists, encounters himsel and surges up in the world then defines himself afterward. The person is nothing else but what he makes of himself” The person is provided with a supreme opportunity to give meaning 1 one’s life. In the course of giving meaning to ones’ life, one fills the world with meaning ~ Freedom is, therefore, the very core and the door to authentic existence. Authentic existence is realized only in deeds that are committed alone in absolute freedom and responsibility and which, therefore, the character of true creation, ” The person is what one has and is doing.” On the other hand, the human person who tries to escape obligation and strives to be en soi (on swa 0 in itself) is acting on bad faith (mauvise foi = movis fwa) " Sartre emphasizes the importance of free individual cho ce, regardless of the power of other people to influence and coerce our desires, beliefs and decisions. To be human, to be conscious, is to be free to imagine, free to choose and be responsible for ones’ life E, THOMAS HOBBES — THEORY OF SOCIAL CONTRACT ‘A Law of Nature is a precept or general rule established by reason, by which a person is forbidden to do that which is destructive of his life or takes away the means of preserving the same; and to omit that by which he thinks it may be best preserved. - Hobbes conclude that in order to preserve our lives 1. We should seek peace (firsts law of nature) 2. Mutually divest ourselves of certain rights (CONTRACT) 3. That person be willing when others s0 100 4, To lay down this right to all things 5. And be contented with so much liberty against other people, as he would allow other people against himself In Leviathan Hobbes asserts: “The fundamental law of nature seeks peace and follows it, while at the The ime time, by the sum of natural right, we should defend ourselves by all means that we third natural law of nature is that human beings perform their covenant made « It is necessary that there should be a common power of or government backed by force and able to punish. This means that the plurality of individual should confer all their power and strength upon one human being (appoint one man) thereby a commonwealth is created. Commonwealth (a political community founded for the common good) by institution and by acquisition Lac mmonwealth is said to exist by institution when it has been established through the covenant of every member of a multinde with every other member. The multitude of human beings subjectsthemselves to a chosen sovereign from fear of one another. 2. A commonwealth is said to exist by acquisition when the sovereign power has been acquired by force. Sovereign (a supreme ruler, especially a monarch.) is inalienable One of the prerogatives of sovereign is to judge what doctrines are fit to be taught - The power of the sovereign being (o all intents and purposes unlimited, brings forth the question of freedom 1 be possessed by the subjects - Leviathan or The Matter, Forme and Power of a Common Wealth Ecclesiastical! and Civil—commonly referred to as Leviathan—is a book written by ‘Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) and published in 1651 (revised Latin edition 1668). Its name derives from the biblical Leviathan. The work concerns the structure of society and leg of the earliest and most influential examples of social contact theory. Leviathan ranks as a classic western work on state craft comparable to Machiavelli's The Prince. Written during the English Civil War (1642 al contract and rule by an absolute soversign. Hobbes wrote that civil war and the brute situation of a state of nature ("the war of all against all") could only be avoided by strong, undivided government. Leviathan in the Bible Job 41 describes the Leviathan as a imate government, and is regarded as one 1651), Leviathan argues for a so fire-breathing sea monster or dragon. "Smoke pours from his nostrils" and his breath is so hot that it "sets coals ablaze” with the "flames [that] dart from h mouth." According to Job, the Leviathan is so massive that it causes the waves of the sea. - Leviathan could mean any large animal F.JEAN-IACQUES ROUSSEAU (vs. Thomas Hobbes) ‘One of the most famous and influential philosophers of the French Enlightenment in the [8th century - In hi book The Social Contract he elaborated his theory of human nature - According to Hobbes and Rousseau, the state owes its origin to a social contract freely entered into by its members « The differed in their interpretation: Hobbes developed his idea in favor of absolute monarchy, while Rousseau, interpreted the idea of absolute democracy and individualism + Both have one thing in common, human beings have to form a community or civil community to protect themselves from one another because the nature of human beings is to wage war against one another, and since by nature, humanity tends toward SELF-PRESERVATION, then it follows that they have to come to a free mutual agreement to protect themselves + Hobbes think that to end continuous and self-destructive conditions of warfare, humanity founded the state with it sovereign power of control by means of mutual consent - On the other hand. Rousseau believes that a human being is born free and good. Now, he is in chains, and has become bad due to evil influences of society, civilization and progress. Hence from these come dissension, conilict, fraud and deceit. Therefore, a human being lost his original goodness, his primitive tranquility of spirit - Everyone should grant his individual rights to the general will — The Social Contract. - The Constitutionand the Bill of Rights constituted as an instance of Social Contract is an agreement and actually signed by the people or their representatives - Sovereign ruler - Freedom (general or mutual ~ transferring of rights - Citizens (individual rights) - There must be common power or government which the plurality of individuals (citizens) should confer all their powers and strength into (freedom) one will (ruler). ACTIVITY 4 ( PPT14/12-Ila-5.1) |. What can you say about the pictures below? Have you been in this kind of situation? What are the things that you considered in making choices?ACTIVITY 2 ( PPT11/12-Ila-5.2 , PPT11/12-Ila-5.3) As a grade 11 student, you have made some important life decisions in the past. Make a time-line of major decisions in your life and below the line then write down the consequence of those particular decisions. Life decisions T 2 yon old 14 ves old 16 years old Consequences ACTIVITY 3 (PPT11/12-Ilc-5.4) What is the message of the picture? Write your reflection about this picture in your notebook.ACTIVITY 4 (PPT11/12-Ilc-5.4) Divide the class into 4 groups. Discuss the given actions below and bainstorm about the possible consequences. Assign a leader and a reporter to present your group output. ‘ACTION CONSEQUENCES a student studying his or her lesson ‘a driver observing traffic lights athletes practicing in the gym ‘a person taking jlegal drugs ‘@ student practicing conservation of natural resourcesWEEK 14-15 INTERSUBJECTIVITY a. Realize that intersubjectivity requires accepting differences and not to imposing others b. Appreciate the talents of persons with disabilities and those from the underprivileged sectors of society and their contributions to society c. Explain that authentic dialogue means accepting others even if they are different from themselves d. Perform activities that demonstrate the talents of persons with disabilities and those from the underprivileged sectors of society What is Intersubjectivity? = _Itis the condition of man, a subject, among other men, who are also subjects. - _Itrefers to the shared awareness and understanding among persons. - _Itis made possible by the awareness of the self and the other An Austrian born Israeli Jewish philosopher best known, for his philosophy of dialogue. Martin Buber Social vs, Interhuman ~The social refers to the life of a group bound together by common experiences and reactions. ~The interhuman refers to the life between and among persons; it refers to the interpersonal, that is, a life of dialogue. Dialogue - Itis a deep and genuine relationship between persons. - Ithappens when two persons truly acknowledge each other's presence and treat each other as equals. Tch- Es (I-1) relationshipItrefers to the world of experience and sensation where there are objects. The beings do not actually meet. Instead, the “I” confronts and qualifies and idea, or conceptualization, of the being in its presence and treats that being as an object. An individual treats other things, people, etc... as objects to be used and experienced. Essentially, this form of objectivity relates to the world in terms of the self—how an object ean serve the individual’s interest. Icis in facta relationship with oneself; itis not a dialogue, but a monologue. Ich-Du (I-Thow) relationship It refers to the world of encounters and relationships where there are persons. Itis a concrete encounter without any quali tion of one another. Itisa dialogue. Obstacles to Dialogue Contrasted with Seeming Being Speechifying Personal Making Present Imposition Unfold 1. A. Seeming- itis a way of approaching the other governed by the image one desires to impress on the other. - Involves deliberately playing up ot hiding aspects of yourself to appear more desirable or impressive. 1. B. Being- it proceeds not from images, but from what one really is. - ceptance of the self'as itis. 2. A. Speechifying- It refers to one’s talking another. - _Itis hearing without listening to what one says. 2 ng Present- itis the process of fully opening oneself the other TENDENCIES THAT MAKE DIALOGUE AND PERSONAL MAKING PRESENT DIFFICULT ‘Analytical thinkin, When we break person into parts Reductive thinking When we reduce the richness of a person to a schema, a structure, and/or a concept, Derivational thinkin, ‘When we derive the person from a mixed formula 3. A. Imposition —it constitutes holding one’s own opinion, values and attitudes and oneself without regard for those of another. - _Itis telling the other how he or she should act, behave and respond to things. 3. B. Unfolding it constitutes finding in the other the disposition toward w hat one recognizes as true, good and beautiful I involves seeing the other as a unique, singular individual capable of freely actualizing himself/herself,The Art of Loving (Fromm, 1956) = We give more importance to being loved that loving, = People think that to love is easy and what is difficult is to find the right person to love or to be loved by. = We confuse the initial falling-in-love with the permanent state of being-in-love. Loneliness-one of the most basic experiences of the human being because of self-awareness, ‘Ways By Which People Address Loneliness Escapism, Use of drugs, rituals, sex, and alcohol to find one’s self. ‘Conformity with Groups Joining group, organization, club or fraternity Creative and productive work or activity Planning, producing and seeing the result of a hobby. pastime or passion Essential Charact eristics of Love Love is Historical Because the other is a concrete particular person with his/her own being histor Love is Total Because persons are indivisible Love is Eternal Because love is not given only for a limited period of time Love is Sacred Because in love, persons are valuable in themselves.© Another aspect of being man in his relatedness with others. This is philosophical terms is Intersubjectivity or being with others. * One manifestation of this relation with others is accepting OTHERS and THEIR: DIFFERENCES. This is the first critical component of Intersubjectivity, = The importance of accepting the other's thoughts and ideas (though they might be opposed 10 yours) is another manifestation of accepting others (and their differences). Principle of Paternalism: “paternalism” comes from the Latin “pater”, meaning to act like a father, or to treat another person like a child. “Parentalism” is a gender-neutral anagram of “paternalism”. In modem philosophy and jurisprudence. It is to act for the good of another person without that person’s consent, as parents do for children. LEGAL MORALISM is the view that the law can legitimately be used to prohibit behaviors that conflict with society's collective moral judgments even when those behaviors do not result in physical or psychological harm to others. * According to this view, a person's freedom can legitimately be restricted simply because it conflicts with society's collective morality; thus, legal moralism implies that itis permissible for the state to use its coercive power to enforce society's collective morality.ACCEPTING PEOPLE FOR WHAT THEY ARE IS LOVING THEM LEARNING. In this lesson, the theme on accepting others (their differences) is further developed by connecting it with the act of loving. Thus, we turn to Erich Fromm's classic The Art of Loving, ‘We can use here the essay written by Fromm, The Basic elements of Love + These are care, responsibilty, respect and knowledge. References . Abella, D. (2016). Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person. Quezon City: C&E Publishing, Inc. pp. 93 — 110 2. Calano, MJ. Fasto: MG, An Rte (2016). Pieris and Being Human. Quezon City: Sibs Publishing House, Inc. pp. 97 — 114 ACTIVITY 1 ((PPT11/12-Ilc-6.1) What is your impression about the picture and statement below? Write your answer in your notebook.1, What is intersubjectivity? How is it related with respect? 2. Do you know people who have disabilities and underprivileged? How do you deal with them? ACTIVITY 2 ((PPT11/12-IId-6.3) Who are these people? Choose one person whose picture is shown below and research about his life and works. Write a reflection paper about their significant contributions. Ronnel Del Rio Anna Kristina Arce Gilda Quintua-NakaharaACTIVITY 3 ((PPT11/12-lie-6.4) The class will be divided into two groups. Each group will plan and execute an outreach activity in the community of their choice. Make sure that all members will participate. OUTREACH ACTIVITY PLAN RATIONALE 1. 2. 3. OBJECTIVES 1. 2. 3 TARGET GROUP / RECEPIENT PROCEDURE TIME FRAME TITLE OF PROCEDURE ACTIVITY, PERSONS INVOLVED